Public Morals v. Property rights and Right to privacy.
standard was created known as the immediate
Ermita Malate Hotel and Motel Operations Assoc. scrutiny for assails evaluating standards based on gender and legitimacy. the constitutionality of Ordinance No. 4760. The The SC applied strict scrutiny because the ordinance mantle of restricts patrons right to liberty. Legitimate sexual protection associated with the due process guaranty behavior, which is constitutionally protected, will be does unduly not cover petitioners. This particular manifestation of a curtailed by the ordinance. Apart from the right to police power measure being specifically aimed to privacy, safeguard public morals is immune from such the ordinance also proscribes other legitimate imputation activities of nullity resting purely on conjecture and unsupported most of which are grounded on the convenience of by having anything of substance There is no question that the a place to stay during the short intervals between challenged ordinance was precisely enacted to travels. minimize [White Light Corporation, et al v. City of Manila (2009)] certain practices hurtful to public morals. [Ermita- Malate EMINENT DOMAIN Motel and Motel Operators Assn. v. City Mayor of Definition and Scope Manila The power of eminent domain is the inherent right of (1967)] the State to condemn private property to public use upon payment of just compensation. It is also known as the The case of White Light v. City of Manila dealt with the power of expropriation. ordinance that prohibits two practices: the wash-up rate Who may exercise the power? admission and renting out a room more than twice per Congress and, by delegation, the President, day. administrative This case churned out three standards for judicial bodies, local government units, and even private review: enterprises performing public services may exercise the strict scrutiny test for laws dealing with freedom of the the power of eminent domain. mind and curtailment of political process and the Application rational When is there taking in the constitutional case? basis standard of review for economic legislation. A When the owner is deprived of his proprietary rights third there is taking of private property. It may include (1) fundamental civil and political rights. It also diminution imposessafeguards against violations by the in value; (2) prevention of ordinary use; (3) deprivation government, of by individuals, or by groups of individuals. beneficial use. The Bill of Rights governs the relationship between the TAXATION individual and the state. Its concern is not the relation Definition and Scope between individuals, between a private individual and It is the enforced proportional contributions from other individuals. What the Bill of Rights does is to persons declare and property, levied by the State by virtue of its some forbidden zones in the private sphere sovereignty, for the support of the government and for inaccessible to all any power holder. (Sponsorship Speech of public needs. Commissioner It is as broad as the purpose for which it is given. Bernas, Record of the Constitutional Commission, Vol. Purpose: 1, p. (1) To raise revenue 674; July 17, 1986; Emphasis supplied) [People v. Marti (2) Tool for regulation (1991)] (3) Protection/power to keep alive ACCOUNTABILITY Sec. 2, Art. III shall apply only against law officials or people working as agents of government concerned about Private Acts and the Bill of being able to procure evidence. [People v. Marti Rights (1991)] IN GENERAL It is a declaration and enumeration of a person's