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APEx Tutorial Workbook
APEx Tutorial Workbook
Click Change Source, then navigate to the location of the Apex.xlam file you downloaded an
file. Click OK, then Close the dialog.
A Note to Users:
This spreadsheet serves as an introduction to software intended to accomplish two purpose
- Faciliate mathematical computation incorporating physical properties and other tabulated
required in the material and energy balance course
- Train students in proper use of Excel to solve chemical engineering problems, including so
systems of algebraic equations using least squares minimization
To partialy accomplish the first of these goals, all of the data in tables are "exposed" as Exc
This means that one could look up electronically most data contained in the text resources
Excel function. Need the molecular weight of heptane? Enter the formula =MW("heptane").
the temperature of saturated liquid water at 100 bar? Enter =SteamSatP(100,"P","T","L") to
answer.
The second goal is faciliated by the use of an "Equation Solving Wizard" to help students se
mathematical solutions of the type typically needed in the course in the structure of spread
hoped that after having the construction of a solution in Excel automated for a problem wel
they will gain a important skill they can carry on to later courses.
Througout the design of this software, the need to learn important engineering habits is kep
paramount. Units are always an issue, and the software still requires students to think dime
The data extracted is in the units of the textbook tables, and students will need to either do
coversions or learn to use Excel's intrinsic CONVERT() function. While access to Antoine's co
data and even Antoine's equation calculations are available, bubble point calculations are n
There are even places where error trapping has been deliberately omitted-- students must s
evaluate their work and take care when performing calculations to ensure reasonability and
appropriateness. Excel comments are added to warn of extrapolation and in some cases to
of units. To maximize the benefits of these comments, it can be helpful to place only one fu
in a formula.
While there will be changes as we move though this process, my hope is that both instructo
students will find this useful. As feedback is received, the software and its documentation w
improved.
appropriateness. Excel comments are added to warn of extrapolation and in some cases to
of units. To maximize the benefits of these comments, it can be helpful to place only one fu
in a formula.
While there will be changes as we move though this process, my hope is that both instructo
students will find this useful. As feedback is received, the software and its documentation w
improved.
ccompany Elementary Principles
160.0
Best
140.0 Calibration Data
Practices:
Don't forget Model 1
120.0
to label your Model 2
axes with 100.0
units as
appropriate. 80.0
Vdot (L/min)
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 R 50 60 70 80 90 100
Linear Interpolation
Data from Page 23
x y To interpolate the value of y when
1 0.3 x1= 2
2 0.7 x2= 3
3 1.2 y1= 0.7
4 1.8 y2= 1.2
x= 2.5
Best Practices: Be explicit Using the forumula: y= 0.95
when identifying parameters Using Linterp(): y= 0.95
to be used in a formula,
especially when you're Think about how you would tell
learning how to use that someone about the process of
formula. selecting x1,y1 and x2,y2 based on
x. This is the first step in
programming a function like
Linterp().
Regression, pp. 24-30 and pp. 607-610
Example 2.7-1, p. 24
Total error:
Model 1 Slope 1.641
Intercept 3.15
uld tell
ss of
ased on
ike
ssion approach (see Appendix A.1), we
zero (Model 1); or, wecan assume a
uilt-in Excel regression functions SLOPE()
5 in Appendix A.1 of the text. However, if
e appropriate to apply equation A.1-6
-in function SLOPE1(), where the "1" in
l, the slope.
Error1^2 Error2^2
0.1936 110.25
0.0784 556.96
0.36 1376.41
0.0784 2683.24
0.0256 4290.25
0.736 9017.11
k. Rotameters tend to
inear at the extremes
flowrates that they
o measure, so forcing
o zero may not be
Chapter 3.
ll also
perature or
Think of molecular weight as a
conversion factor between mass and
moles, and don't forget to keep the
units consistent-- g-moles (usually
written as "plain" moles, mol) go with
grams, kg-mol with kg, lb-mol with lbm,
etc. Numerically, each consistent set
has the same numerical value.
017*n5=0.023*n2
3+0.017*n4
Variable n1 n2 n3 n4 n5
Value 102.3958 392.5174 2.395833 390.1215 290.1215
vaporization in kJ/mol.
melting in kJ/mol.
n C
essure in mm Hg of
Note that in table B.6 both U and H are not monotonic (multiple pressures may
satisfy a given value of U or H). The lowest pressure solution will be returned unless
otherwise specified in the last optional argument.
UNITS for all: Temperatures in oC, pressures in bar, specific volumes in m3/kg,
specific enthalpies and specific internal energies in kJ/kg
-2878.5
The following examples demonstrate how the functions may be used to obtain values from the stea
Show that water at 400 C and 10 bar is superheated steam and determine its specific volume,
specific internal energy, and specific enthalpy relative to liquid water at the triple point, and its
dew point.
Concluding that the given point is outside the closed region is far easier examining the table in prin
we can use SteamSH to calculate the desired quantities:
T= 400 C
P= 10 bar
Hhat= 3264 kJ/kg
Uhat= 2958 kJ/kg
Vhat= 0.307 m3/kg
The dew point at this pressure is more readily determined from the saturated steam table.
Tdp= 179.9 C
The remainder of the examples here only demonstrate accessing steam table values needed for th
Product
T= 300 C
P= 1 atm
1.01325 bar
Hhat 3= 3073.97
s results from
sures may
returned unless
given of
e saturated
meters 2 and 3
ning V, U, and H.
e value given
the saturated
, V, U, and
ses are L, E,
le solutions are
esting the lower
s in m3/kg,
Other lookup functions in this chapter include heats of solution/mixing, and approximating h
capacity with Kopp's Rule.
Q (kJ/h) = 5234
rization in kJ/mol.
ng in kJ/mol.
get to
significant
our
C
K
K
r= -3509.54 kJ/mol
Note the use of the
SUMPRODUCT() function
to simplify the formula
calculating the heat of
reaction.
Solution: i
(c)C2H6= -1559.9 kJ/mol -1
(c)C2H4= -1410.99 kJ/mol 1
(c)H2= -285.84 kJ/mol 1
r= -136.93 kJ/mol
mposing
o heats
mpound
mpound
mpound
he
he sign
oefficients:
actants,
ducts.