Section A: Multiple Choice 1. An object thgt has gravitational potential energy must be A. Moving @®) nan elevated posi c. Falling | D. Atrest 2. The momentum of a 2000 kg car moving at 20 m.s A. 4sN a B. 4000 k: 1 o gms % © 4x10 sw on D. 4% 105 kg.m.s72 none “4 3. Two objectsare thrown at a wall. One rebounds while the sticks to the wall, Assuming the time of impact is the same for both objects which object experiences the greater force? A. The object which sticks ® The object which rebounds C. Both experience the same force 42 Which of the following is a correct definition of y Product of force and displacement ‘The reason air bags are used in cars is that they increase the force of impact in a collision. increase the time of impact in a collision 2 @? increase the acceleration caused by a collision. 9 decrease the area of contact in a collision m none of the above6. Joule is the unit of ‘A. potential energy B. work C. kinetic energy @®) allofthe above 7. A machine applies a 20 N force to a box, moving it through a distance of 3m in 4 seconds. ‘The ‘work done by the machine and power of the machine are A. Work Done = 60 J, Power = 240 W B. Work Done =30J, Power =240 J C. Work Done =30J, Power = 240 W 4 Work Done =60 W, Power= 15 J This 1s the answery, satiate TSH ® werk Dene 260) Power Ww 8. Which ofthe following object has zero momentum? A. Anelectron is orbiting the nucleus of an atom. A truck stopped in front of the schoo! building. C. A Yugo (a compact car) is moving with a constant speed. D. A small flea walking with constant speed across Fido's back 9. An object that has kinetic energy must also have A. speed B. mass C. momentum © allofthe above pwtirer 10. A truck driving along a highway road has a large quantity of momentum, Ifiinoves at the same speed bat has twice as much mass, its momentum is... A. zero B. quadrupled © doubled D. unchangedP11. A ball is dropped from the same height upon various fl ‘or the same collision time, impulses are smaller when the most bounei place. 12, Consider a karate expert, During a talent show, she executes a swift blow to a cement block and breaks it with her bare hand, During the collision between her hand and the block, the ‘A. time of impact on both the block and the experts hand is the same B. force on both the block and the expert's hand have the same magnitude C. impulse on both the block and the expert's hand have the same magnitude @® allofthe above, E. none of the above. 13. Suppose that Paul D. Trigger fires a bullet from a gun, The speed of the bullet leaving the muzzle will be the same as the speed of the recoiling gun ‘A. because momentum is conserved 27 PR Fe OR B. because velocity is conserved ot C. because both velocity and momentum are conserved © _ only ifthe mass of the bullet equals the mass of the gun BE. none ofthese 14, Suppose that you're driving down the highway and a moth erashes into the windshield of your car. Which undergoes the greater change is momentum? ‘A, the moth B. yourcar © _ both the same 15. In order to catch a ball, a baseball player naturally moves his or her hand backward in the direction of the balls motion once the ball contacts the hand, This habit causes the force of impact on the players hand to be reduced in size principally because. A, the resul 12 impact velocity is lessened the momentum change is decreased the answev B. © therine otimpactis increased <- Ths @ the time of impact is decreased B none of theseQn +LAam) = mre > =P, Pre? Per rnin oc = xy Im-m x) { eee 16. Ina physics experiment, two eq alas carts roll towards each oes ‘on aIchel, low-frietion tack. One cart rolls rightward at 2 nv/s and the other cart rolls leftward at 1 m/s. After the carts collide, they ‘couple (attach together) and roll together with a speed of _. Ignore resistive forces. ® 05 mis B. 0.33 ws C067 m/s D. 1.0 mis E, none of these 17. A physies cart rolls along a low-friction track with cemsiderablemomentemIf it rolls at twice the speed speedwith the same mass its kinetic energy is A. zero four times as large C. twice as large D. unchanged 218. Which of the following is not a unit oP power? A. Joules per second Horsepower 19, Two identical arrows, one with twice the kinetic energy of the other, are fired into a hay bale, The faster arrow will penetrate A. The same distance as the slower arrow ® Twice as far as the slower arrow C. Four times as far as the slower arrow D. More than four times as far as the slower arrow. 20. A pendulum is allowed to swing from an elevated position to its mean or middle position. The pendulum gains kinetic energy because The force of gravity does work on the object causing its kinetic energy to increase B. The gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy ‘The force of gravity results in an acceleration of the mass @) Allof the above E. AandBSection B: Short Answer Questions Question 1(8 marks) A.1.5 kg cart on a low friction track moving at a speed of 3.5 m.s“* hits a stationary cart of mass. 1.8 kg and the two join together on impact, a) State the Law of Conservation of Momentum Th Me £ on abion, # Momentum 5 thet rary Aelated stem the ta tal omentum of SSO a despite interac tons _bekween_ [2 marks] Directrs ©) Calculate the fingl velocity of the combined carts as they move off to se] don elma) VO. P35 kgm aT 8.4) mal" rghtO | omentum il [3 marks]Question 2 (7 marks) A constant unbalanced force of 50 N accelerates a packing case of mass 15 kg along a horizontal floor. The packing case accelerates from a speed of 10 m. s~! to 20 m.s~? over 3 seconds. 50N —+ a) Calculate the gain in kinetic energy of the packing case. == Sie [Talel sig J kel © | = ¥) om (20)2 © Wa mCio)? | = QxIs x 400 = 'ax IS nl00 { 3000 - 150 | { + 2250 7, O | [2 marks} b) Hence, state the work done in accelerating the packing case. Work Done = AKE 22250 TD or seme os hg) [1 mark] ©) Calculate the aie. ‘the packing case during this acceleration. LLL wes kx distance. > |s= Wl |: 2250 {4 fo OF so 4 EEEEEEEE PRA Ho Prt { |} 0. |4) If the packing case was accelerated by the action of an elect motor. motor, calculate the power of the Question 3 (8 marks) Pole vaulting is a sport where the athlete runs with a pole and converts all of his or her kinetic energy into elastic potential energy as the pole bends and then into gravitational potential energy to lift the athlete over a bar as the pole straightens. Assume that an athlete can reach a speed of 10 m.s~* in the run up for a pole vault. The mass of the athlete is 50 kg. at the end of the run up. ; lea I ib)_ fall of this kinetic energy can be converted into gravitational potential energy estimate the maximum possible height able to be vaulted by this pole vaulter J. Kinetic —Emeqy > 2,500 TO Pofential Fneny 2 504 98 2b. 2 Kinefe Enengy > t8o h =| 2,500 h S:1Om | © c) How would this calculation be affected if the mass of the pole vaulter was 60 kz? eee Discuss briefly whether it is an advantage or a disadvantage for the athlete to be \€ pole vaulher was 60 ey Kes %x60x 107 = 3000 60x48 2h> 8000 > h=5 (Om, Me Mass of vaulter dors net change calculation nes #O© Neither advantage ov disedvantaye.O [2 marks} Question 4 (10 marks) ‘A car with a speed of 60 km/hr hits a brick wall and stops. V,=0 (le. car stops on impact) V,= 60 km/hr —— + M = 600 kga) Calculate the change in momentum of the car as a result of the collision. t Em = 600 » 60 + 10% Kgom.so! might 3-6 Op? +0 J. Ap = fe - pe 4 0-108 eg mse | ml = 10% kg. mga! | « =| L = 10) kv S left. " [3 marks} b) Ifthe car took-0.3 seconds to come to rest calculate the force experienced by the car. Pe ae SP 4 bs [3336 € o8 © + 3:33 x10 N left © [2 marks} c) What is the magnitude and direction of the force on the wall as a result of the impact ? Explain your answer. By | Newd ons att | tow. | | [iy 5 | | F Bal Fela (OD Walloncar Fcanenmay =~ S13 SKIN Jeet | = Fearenwal! | {-[ [=| 9133 [xtoP N night © [2 marks] d) Allcars have a “crumple zone” at the front which collapses during a head-on impact. Explain how this erumple zone makes it safer for the occupants of the car, Fs Ap ec Fe Ap and EF + At Aer : eer a + Increase time of ‘impact in head-on collision ©) ae Decrease force en occupants af _pacsenger. car © [3 marks]Question 5 A ball falls vertically and bounces off the ground. Immediately before impact with the ground the speed of the ball is 15 m.s~?, Immediately after leaving the ground the speed is 10 m.s~*. Let masse be m, 15m.s~* Part A (8 marks) ithits the grou ©)Give the kinetic energy that was lost in the collision. | [2 marks]ineic Energy lost in Cllsion Rieti Energy just before colsion TT Tf | | | | Ratio = 62'S m. oO at URS me | | 4) Hence, what is the ratio of | 0:56 | | L oR | {ist ft a. | [I [2 marks) 6a) --Loem : of momemtum of comt and brick equdls combmect Momentum atter, © carts momentum increases @’ Speed bas te decrease +o conserve momentum b) bom 28:2 126 = (usm). oo Sg © 106 O-2e2 » 26 = Q-¢ +x) ons ac F201 kg © Prec ~ Prose ») © LOM D> my%ytO = myrms tee) © >