LOGIC EXAM I

I. Instructions: Read the following statements carefully. Determine whether or

not each statement is true. Give your reasoning for each answer.

1. All valid arguments have only true premises. ____

2. It is possible for an argument to consist of only one statement. _____

3. Propositions can only be expressed by declarative sentences. ____

4. Inductive arguments claim to make the truth of their conclusions certain. ____

5. An argument with a contradiction in its premises must be valid. ____

6. A sound argument must be valid. ____

7. Inductively strong arguments are such that their conclusions are probably
true.____

8. A valid argument can have a false conclusion. ____

9. If an argument has a conclusion that is a necessary truth, then the argument

is valid. ____
 10.In so much as is a conclusion indicator in English. ____

11.If the argument: A; therefore, C is valid, then the argument: not C;

therefore, not A is valid.

12.A valid argument must be a sound argument. _____

II. Determine whether or not the following arguments are valid. If the argument is
invalid, give the form of the argument, and use the substitution method to
prove its invalidity. If the argument is valid give the name of the form that
makes it valid.

1. If humans are to be held responsible for their actions, they must be

free. Therefore, if humans have the ability to choose between opposing
alternatives, they must be held responsible for their actions; since if
humans are free, they must have the ability to choose between
opposing alternatives.

2. Any presidential candidate who receives donations from oil lobbyists is

too biased to lead the nation in formulating alternative energy plans.
This implies that all presidential candidates are too biased to lead the
nation in formulating alternative energy plans.
3. Some anti-abortion advocates think that the government should not
fund Planned Parenthood counseling centers. Some of those who think
that the government should not fund Planned Parenthood counseling
centers advocate the violent overthrow of the United States
government. Thus, it stands to reason that some anti-abortion
advocates advocate the violent overthrow of the United States
government.

4. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor happened in either 1941 or 1951.

But it didnt happen in 1941. Therefore it happened in 1951.

5. If inflation heats up, then interest rates will rise. If interest rates rise,
then bond prices will decline. Therefore, if inflation heats up, bond
prices will decline.

6. If the Darwinian theory of evolution is true, then we will observe a

gradual increase in the complexity of life forms in the fossil record. We
do observe just such an increase. Therefore, the Darwinian theory of
evolution is true.
7. Either O.J. is guilty of murdering his ex-wife or the police doctored the
evidence against him. The police doctored the evidence against him.
Hence, O.J. is not guilty.

8. Whatever is not done in faith is sin. Therefore, whatever is done in faith

is not sin.