4/19/2011

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
ECHINODERMATA
bahasa yunani:
echino = landak, derma = kulit

TAKSONOMI HEWAN I => Sekelompok hewan yang memilki ciri

khas adanya rangka dalam (endoskeleton)
berduri yang menembus kulit.

Echinodermata Taxonomy Class Crinoidea

Class: Crinoidea Sea lilies and feather stars

Arms branched attached by a stalk or free-moving. The mouth
Class: Holothuroidea and anus on oral surface. No spines, madreporite or
pedicellariae.
Class: Echinoidea
Class: Ophiuroidea
Class: Asteroidea
fossils

1
 4/19/2011

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Class Cridoidea Class Crinoidea: Sea Lily

Feather Stars and Sea Lilies
Most primitive
Attach to
Feather like arms used substrate with
for suspension feeding stalk
Plankton
Tube feet trap
planktonic organism
Cilia in ambulacral
grooves carry food to
mouth

5 6

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Class Crinoidea: Feather Star Central disk

Swim and 8

crawl

Mouth
Anus
Pinnule

2
 4/19/2011

Ancestral Echinoderms Ancestral Echinoderms

9 10

Class Holothuroidea Class Holothuroidea

Sea Cucumbers
Sea cucumbers Soft body with
Elongated body with no arms, spines, or pedicellariae. Skeleton reduced ossicles
only of microscopic plates mouth ringed by retractile tentacles
(modified tube feet). Pedicellariae absent, madreporite internal. Tentacles near mouth
Respiratory tree
Breaths through anus

12

3
 4/19/2011

13
Class Echinoidea
Sea urchins and sand dollars
Skeleton rigid (plates fused), mouth parts present, pedicellariae with 3-jaws.
Spines movable. Ambulacral grooves closed.
Sea urchin
Sand dollar Mouth parts

Sea biscuit

aboral surface oral surface

aboral

Aristotles lantern
oral endoskeleton

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Class Echinoidea Internal Anatomy of a Sea Urchin

Sea Urchins

Shell (test) encloses

body
Ossicles form plates
No arms
Long spines
Movement
Venom

15 16

4
 4/19/2011

Class Echinoidea Sand dollar

Sand Dollar 18

Burrow in sand Gonopore

Madreporite

Ambulacral region

Lunule

17

Class Ophiuroidea Class Ophiuroidea

Brittle Stars and Basket Stars
Brittle stars and basket stars Central disc with
Arms distinct from central disc. Ambulacral grooves closed, tube distinct arms
fee without suckers (not used in locomotion). Pedicellariae and
No pedicellariae
anus absent.
Tube feet lack suckers
and ampulla
Basket star
Aboral surface

20
Oral surface

5
 4/19/2011

Brittle star Basket Star

21 22

Mouth

Bursal slit

Class Asteroidea
Class Asteroidea Star Fish
Sea stars and starfish
Arms are not sharply distinct from central disc. Ambulacral
5 or more tapering
grooves open, tube feet with suckers, pedicellariae present. arms
Mouth on underside
Endoskeleton
Ossicles
Tube feet
Aboral surface Oral surface
Feed on molluscs and
sea urchins

24
Aboral surface Oral surface

6
 4/19/2011

25 26

Aboral Surface
27 28

Madreporite

7
 4/19/2011

Pedicellaria Class Asteroidea

29 30

Spine
Tube feet and
Pedicellaria
ambulacral
Dermal groove
branchia

Aboral surface Oral surface

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Water vascular system Water-Vascular System of a Sea Star

31

Madreporite
Stone canal
Ring canal
Tiedemanns Radial canal
bodies Lateral canal

Polian Tube feet

vesicles

32

8
 4/19/2011

Tube feet Tube foot

33 34
Ampulla
Lateral canal
Body wall
Tube foot

Retractor
muscles
Podial muscle

Sucker

Movement of tube feet Feeding

35 36

9
 4/19/2011

Peran dalam kehidupan

Laut bisa bersih antara lain karena

jasa Echinodermata. Hewan ini
adalah pemakan bangkai, sisa-sisa
hewan, dan kotoran hewan laut
lainnya. Oleh karena itu hewan ini
sering disebut sebagai hewan
pembersih laut/pantai.
Echinodermata juga dapat dijadikan
sebagai bahan makanan. Mentimun
laut setelah dikeringkan dijadikan
bahan sup atau dibuat kerupuk;
telur bulu babi dapat dimakan
Echinodermata juga bisa
merugikan, karena memakan
tiram/kerang mutiara.

10