ASSIGNMENT 2

QUESTION 1

a) The linear shape functions, N1 and N2, of point p on a 2-node bar element as shown in Figure Q1(a) can
be obtained in terms of natural coordinate system, , as follows:
1 1+
N1 = N2 =
2 2
Express N1 and N2 in terms of xp and L.

b) Figure Q1(b) shows a single bar element of length L, which lies in its local coordinate denoted by x .
The terms q1 and q2 are displacements of nodes 1 and 2, respectively, in the local direction. From the
relation in between strain and displacement (ie: = du/dx), derive the normal stress, , formula in
terms of E, q1, q2, and L, where E is the modulus of elasticity of the bar material.

c) State three characteristics of a two-dimensional plane truss structure.

QUESTION 2

Consider the composite bar ABCD with 10 mm thickness consisting of a tapered steel (E = 200 GPa)
section that is perfectly bonded to an aluminium (E = 70 GPa) section of uniform cross-section and
subjected to the load as shown in Figure Q2. There is a gap of 0.01 mm in between end D and the rigid wall
E. The approximate solution for the bar can be obtained using finite element method by employing three (3)
one-dimensional bar elements.
Determine:
(i) the unknown degrees of freedom,
(ii) the maximum normal stress in steel and aluminum sections.
(Note: Under the given loading, the free end D displaced and pressed the rigid wall E.)

QUESTION 3

A two-bar planar truss structure has the geometry as shown in Figure Q3. A concentrated force P = 100 kN
is applied to the truss at node 2, in the direction shown. Each member is made of steel (E = 200 GPa) and
has a cross-sectional area of 5000 mm2. By using the element connectivity shown in the table:

Calculate:
(i) the stiffness matrix for elements 1 and 2,
(ii) the unknown degrees of freedom,
(iii) the normal stress in element 1,
(iv) the reaction forces at node 1.

ELEMENT 1st NODE 2nd NODE

1 1 2
2 2 3
 x
L

(a) (b)
Figure Q1

Figure Q2

Figure Q3

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