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Solutions To Chapter 9 Exercises: Gas Cyclones
Solutions To Chapter 9 Exercises: Gas Cyclones
EXERCISE 9.1: A gas-particle separation device is tested and gives the results
shown in the table below:
Mc
Therefore, from Text-Equation 9.5, total efficiency, E T = = 0.617 (or 61.7 %)
M
mc
(b) In this case, G(x) may be obtained directly from the results table as G(x) =
m
1.35
For example, for the size range 0-10 m, G(x ) = = 0.3. For the remaining size
45
ranges:
Plotting this data gives x50 = 19.4 m, as may be seen from Solution-Manual-Figure
9.1.1.
Size range (m) 6.6 - 9.4 9.4 - 13.3 13.3 - 18.7 18.7 - 27.0 27.0 - 37.0 37.0 - 53.0
feed size distribution 0.05 0.2 0.35 0.25 0.1 0.05
Coarse product size 0.016 0.139 0.366 0.30 0.12 0.06
distribution
If the total mass of feed is 200 kg and the total mass of coarse product collected is
166.5 kg,
a) Find the total efficiency of the device
b) Determine the size distribution of the fine product.
c) Plot the grade efficiency curve for this device and determine the equiprobable
size.
d) If this same device was fed with a material with the size distribution below,
what would be the resulting coarse product size distribution?
Size range (m) 6.6 - 9.4 9.4 - 13.3 13.3 - 18.7 18.7 - 27.0 27.0 - 37.0 37.0 -
53.0
feed size distribution 0.08 0.13 0.27 0.36 0.14 0.02
Mc
Therefore, from Text-Equation 9.5, total efficiency, E T = = 0.8325 (or 83.25 %)
M
(b) Text-Equation 9.9 gives us the relationship between the size distributions of feed,
coarse product and fine product:
Rearranging,
dF f 1 dF E T dFc dF dF
= = 5.97 4.97 c
dx 1 E T dx 1 E T dx dx dx
Hence, we can calculate the fine product distribution from a knowledge of the feed
distribution and the coarse product distribution:
dF dFc
M c c dx dx
(c) Grade efficiency, G(x) = dF
= ET
dF
M dx dx
0.016
For example, for the size range 6.6-9.4 m, G(x ) = 0.8325 = 0.2664
0.05
Size range (m) 6.6 - 9.4 9.4 - 13.3 13.3 - 18.7 18.7 - 27.0 27.0 - 37.0 37.0 - 53.0
Feed: dF/dx 0.05 0.2 0.35 0.25 0.1 0.05
Coarse: dFc/dx 0.016 0.139 0.366 0.30 0.12 0.06
Hence, G(x): 0.2664 0.5786 0.8706 0.999 0.999 0.999
Plotting this data gives x50 = 10.5m, as may be seen from Solution-Manual-Figure
9.2.1.
(d) To calculate the coarse product size distribution with the new feed to the same
dF G(x) dF
device, we rearrange Text-Equation 9.8 to give: c =
dx E T dx
dFc 0.2664
hence, for the size range 6.6-9.4 m, = 0.08 = 0.0256. And for the
dx 0.8325
remaining size ranges:
Size range (m) 6.6 - 9.4 9.4 - 13.3 13.3 - 18.7 18.7 - 27.0 27.0 - 37.0 37.0 -
53.0
New feed: dF/dx 0.08 0.13 0.27 0.36 0.14 0.02
G(x) 0.2664 0.5786 0.8706 0.999 0.999 0.999
G(x) / ET 0.32 0.6950 1.046 1.2 1.2 1.2
Hence, dFc/dx 0.0256 0.090 0.282 0.432 0.168 0.024
Assuming that n cyclones in parallel are required and that the total flow is evenly
split, then for each cyclone the flow rate will be q = Q/n = 3.0/n.
Substituting this expression for D together with the required cut size in Text-Equation
9.21,
x250 p v
Stk 50 = , gives:
18D
3 (
7 10 6 ) 2000 10.215
2
6 10 =
18 2 105 0.6115
n
hence, n = 1.74.
We will therefore need 2 cyclones. Now with n=2, we recalculate the cyclone
diameter from D = 0.6115/n0.5 and the actual achieved cut size from Text-Equation
9.21.
Therefore, two 0.432 m diameter Stairmand HR cyclones in parallel will give cut size
of 6.76 m using a pressure drop of 1200Pa.
(d) To determine the influence of gas flowrate, we inspect Text-Equation 9.21, which
0.5
1 0.5 1
shows that if all else is constant, x 50 and so x 50
v q
hence, if x 50 represents the new cut size and q represents the new flow rate,
0.5
x 50 q
=
x 50 q
0. 5
1
and so, x 50 = 6.76 = 9.56 m.
0 .5
Thus if the flow rate drop by 50%, the cut size increases to 9.56 m.
EXERCISE 9.4: (a) Determine the diameter and number of Stairmand HE gas
cyclones to be operated in parallel to treat 1 m3/s of gas of density 1.2 kg/m3 and
viscosity 18.5x10-6 Pas carrying a dust of density 1000 kg/m3. An x50 cut size of at
most 5 m is to be achieved at a pressure drop of 1200 Pa.
(For a Stairmand HE cyclone: Eu = 320 and Stk50 = 1.4 x 10-4.)
b) Give the actual cut size achieved by your design.
Assuming that n cyclones in parallel are required and that the total flow is evenly
split, then for each cyclone the flow rate will be q = Q/n = 1.0/n.
Substituting this expression for D together with the required cut size in Text-Equation
9.21,
hence, n = 0.283.
We will therefore need only one cyclone. Now with n=1, we calculate the cyclone
diameter from D = 0.7136/n0.5 and the actual achieved cut size from Text-Equation -
9.21.
(b) Thus, D = 0.7136/1= 0.7136 m. Using this value for D in Text-Equation 9.21
together with required cut size and v = 2.5 m/s, we find that the actual cut size is 3.65
m.
Therefore, one 0.714 m diameter Stairmand HE cyclone will give cut size of 3.65 m
using a pressure drop of 1200Pa.
Assuming that n cyclones in parallel are required and that the total flow is evenly
split, then for each cyclone the flow rate will be q = Q/n = 2.5/n.
3 (
6 10 6 ) 2600 6.594
2
6 10 = hence, n = 5.06.
18 18.5 10 6 0.695
n
Since the required number of cyclones is only slightly greater than 5, we will try five
cyclones in parallel. With n=5, we calculate the cyclone diameter from D = 0.695/n0.5
and the actual achieved cut size from Text-Equation 9.21.
Therefore, five 0.311 m diameter Stairmand HR cyclones in parallel will give cut size
of 6.1 m using a pressure drop of 1200Pa. (Six cyclones may be used if felt
necessary, in which case, D = 0.284 m and x50 = 5.75 m).