Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 869

Common and Scientific Name Appendix

Turgeon, D. D., chair. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic
T he following appendix lists the common and scientific
names of microorganisms, fungi, plants, and animals men-
tioned in the report. The names are listed in the following order:
invertebrates from the United States and Canada. Mollusks.
American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. 277 pp., 12
color plates.
viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. Species, or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994a. Endangered and threatened
the lowest grouping referred to in the text, are given in alpha- wildlife and plants. 50 CFR 17.11 & 17.12. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
betical order by common name, followed by the appropriate sci- Service, Washington, D.C. 42 pp.
entific name. The intermediate headings are not in a taxonomic U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1994b. Endangered and threatened
wildlife and plants; animal candidate review for listing as endan-
classification hierarchy but instead are meant to lead the reader gered or threatened species; proposed rule. Federal Register
to smaller groupings familiar to most persons. 59(219):58982-59028.
The major source for verifying and correcting the scientific Werner, F. G., chairman. 1982. Common names of insects and related
names of organisms was the Integrated Taxonomic Information organisms. Entomological Society of America, College Park, Md.
132 pp.
System [http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis]. Additional sources are
listed below:
Compiled by Paul A. Opler
(USGS retired)
American Ornithologists Union. 1983. Check-list of North American Department of Bioagricultural Sciences
birds, 6th edition. American Ornithologists Union, Washington, Colorado State University
D.C. 877 pp. Fort Collins, CO 80523
American Ornithologists Union. 1993. Thirty-ninth supplement to the
American Ornithologists Union Check-list of North American
Birds. Auk 110:675-682.
American Ornithologists Union. 1995. Fortieth supplement to the
Viruses
American Ornitologists Union Check-list of North American Birds. Viruses have no genus and species names because they are not strictly com-
Auk 112:819-830. plete self-replicating organisms.
American Society of Microbiology. 1989. Bergeys manual of system-
atic bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 4 vols. Black band disease
Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, and A. L. Gardner, editors. 1987. Cetacean morbillivirus
Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, Duck plague
and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication Green turtle papilloma [Causative agent is uncertain]
166. 79 pp. Hematopoietic necrosis virus
Brusca, R. C., and G. J. Brusca. 1990. Invertebrates. Sinauer Herpes virus
Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Mass. 922 pp. Infectious hypodermal virus
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993a. Flora of North Rabies [Causative agent is a rhabdovirus]
America north of Mexico. Volume 1. Introduction. Oxford White band disease
University Press, New York. 372 pp.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993b. Flora of North
America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Pteridophytes and gym- Bacteria
nosperms. Oxford University Press, New York. 372 pp.
Hickman, J. C., editor. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of Actinomycete bacteria Actinomycetales
California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Avian botulism Clostridium botulinum
Angeles. 1400 pp. Avian cholera Pasteurella multocida
Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the grasses of the United States. U.S. Bacillus B.T. Bacillus thuringiensis
Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 200. 1051 pp. variety kurstaki
Kartesz, J.T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the Bacteria [No common name] Deinococcaceae
United States, Canada, and Greenland. Timber Press, Portland, Ore. Bacteria [No common name] Mycoplasma species
Little, E. L., Jr. 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and nat- Bacteria [No common name] Spiroplasma species
uralized). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Bioluminescing bacteria [No scientific name]
Agriculture Handbook 541. 375 pp. Brucellosis Brucella abortus
Little, E. L., Jr., and F. H. Wadsworth. 1964. Common trees of Puerto Cholera Vibrio cholera
Rico and the Virgin Islands. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Coliform bacteria [No scientific name]
Service, Agriculture Handbook 249. 548 pp. Marine bacteria Archaea
Little, E. L., Jr., R. O. Woodbury, and F. H. Wadsworth. 1988. Arboles Withering foot disease [No scientific name]
de Puerto Rico y las Islas Virgenes. Volume 2. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 449-S. 1,177 pp. Blue-green algae
North American Butterfly Association. 1995. Checklist and English
names of North American butterflies. North American Butterfly Blue-green alga [No common name] Anabaena species
Association, Morristown, N.J. 43 pp. Blue-green alga [No common name] Anabaenopsis elenkinii
Nowak, R. M. and J. L. Paradiso. 1983. Walkers mammals of the Blue-green alga [No common name] Aphanizomenon species
world. 4th edition. 2 volumes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Blue-green alga [No common name] Chroococcus species
Baltimore, Md. 1362 pp. Blue-green alga [No common name] Gloeocapsus species
Parker, S.P., editor. 1982. Synopsis and classification of living Blue-green alga [No common name] Gomphospheria species
organisms. 2 volumes. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 2398 pp. Blue-green alga [No common name] Lyngbya contorta
Pennak, R. W. 1989. Fresh-water invertebrates of the United States. 3rd Blue-green alga [No common name] Lyngbya species
edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 628 pp. Blue-green alga [No common name] Merismopedium species
Robins, C. R., chairman. 1991. Common and scientific names of fish- Blue-green alga [No common name] Microcystis aeruginosa
es from the United States and Canada. Fifth edition. American Blue-green alga [No common name] Rivularia species
Fisheries Society Special Publication 20. 183 pp. Coccoid cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria
870 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2
Fungi
Agaricias
Bracket fungi
Chestnut blight
Coral fungus
Cryptobiotic (Microbiotic) crusts
Dogwood anthracnose
Dutch elm disease
Elm phloem necrosis
Field mushrooms
Foliose lichens
Fungus [No common name]
Fungus [No common name]
Honey mushroom
Laminated root rot
Lichens
Lobaria lichens
Mildews
Molds
Mycorrhizal fungi
Root rot
Rusts
San Joaquin Valley fever
(coccidiomycosis)
Smuts
Stalked puffballs
Stalked puffballs
Toadstools, bracket fungi,
mushrooms, puffballs,
stinkhorns
Truffles
White pine blister rust
Woven spored lichen
Algae
Algae and diatoms
Alga [No common name]
Alga [No common name]
Alga [No common name]
Alga [No common name]
Calcareous algae
Macroalgae
Alga [No common name]
Algae, autotrophic protists
Diatoms and golden-brown algae
Brown tide
Chrysophyte [No common name]
Chrysophyte [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Diatom [No common name]
Giant kelp
Giant kelp, bull kelp
Kelps
Luminescent dinoflagellates
Marine alga
Microscopic diatoms
MSX and Dermo
Agaricia species
Family Polyporaceae Green algae
Endothia parasitica
Ramaria araiospora Green alga [No common name]
Complexes of fungi and blue-green algae Green alga [No common name]
[No scientific name] Green alga [No common name]
Ophiostoma ulmi Green alga [No common name]
[No scientific name] Green alga [No common name]
Agaricus species Green alga [No common name]
[No scientific name] Green alga [No common name]
Entomophaga maimaiga Green alga [No common name]
Piloderma fallax Green alga [No common name]
Armillaria bulbosa or A. gallica Green alga [No common name]
Phellinus weirii Green alga [No common name]
Several families Green alga [No common name]
Lobaria species Green alga [No common name]
Order Mucorales
Division Zygomycota Red algae
(Mycorrhizal fungi belong to several
fungal divisions) Bubble algae
Family Tricholomataceae Coralline algae
Order Uredinales Filamentous algae
Coccidioides immitis [causative organism]
Order Ustilaginales Plants
Family Tulostomataceae
Tulostoma species Nonseed plants
Club-mosses
Division Basidiomycota
Order Tuberales Ferns and allies
Cronartius ribicola
Texosporium sancti-jacobi Aleutian shield-fern
American harts-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium
Australian tree-fern
Bracken
Common tree-fern
Elfin tree-fern
Fern [No common name]
Bostrichia species Fern [No common name]
Ectocarpus species Fern [No common name]
Enteromorpha species Fern [No common name]
Polysiphonia species Fern [No common name]
[No scientific name] Fern [No common name]
[No scientific name] Fern [No common name]
Microdictyon Giant tree-fern
Hapuu (tree-ferns)
Helecho gigante espinoso or
spiny tree-fern
Howells quillwort Isotes howellii
Lady fern
[No scientific name] Marsilea ferns
Cryptomonas species Moonwort
Ochromonas species Northern beech fern
Actinoptychus undulatus Royal fern
Biddulphia aurita Southern marsh fern
Chaetoceros breve Sword fern
Coscinodiscus species Uluhe
Cyclotella species
Cylindrotheca species Horsetails
Diploneis elliptica
Gyrosigma species Horsetails
Navicula species
Nitzschia species Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
Pseudonitschia australis
Feathermosses
Surirella robusta
Liverworts
Macrocystis pyrifera
Mosses
Nereocystis leutkesana
Peat moss
Laminaria species
Sphagnum moss
Gonyaulax species
Dictyota
Class Bacillariophyceae
[No scientific names]
Chaetomorpha species
Chara vulgaris
Chlamydomonas species
Chlorella vulgara
Halimeda species
Microdictyon species
Monostroma species
Pediastrum biradiatum
Rhizoclonium species
Scenedsmus quadricauda
Staurastrum americanum
Ulothrix species
Ulva species
[No scientific name]
Family Corallinaceae
[No scientific name]
Lycopodium species
Polystichum aleuticum
Cyathea cooperi
Pteridium aquilinum
Cyathea species
Cyathea dryopteroides
Adiantum vivesii
Elaphoglossum serpens
Polystichum calderonense
Tectaria estremerana
Thelypteris inaborensis
Thelypteris verecunda
Thelypteris yaucoensis
Cyathea arborea
Cibotium species
Nephelea portoricensis
Athyrium filix-femina
Marsilea mucronata
Botrychium lunaria
Phegopteris connectilis
Osmunda regalis
Thelypteris palustris
Polystichum species
Dicranopteris linearis
Equisetum pratense, E. sylvaticum
[No scientific name]
Class Hepaticae
Class Bryopsida
Family Sphagnaceae
Sphagnum fimbriatum
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 871

Needleleaf plants Sugar pine Pinus lambertiana

Table Mountain pine Pinus pungens
Conifers Tamarack Larix laricina
Tecate cypress Cupressus guadalupensis variety forbesii
Alaska-cedar Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Torrey pine Pinus torreyana
Alligator juniper Juniperus deppeana Two-leaf pinyon Pinus edulis
Apache pine Pinus engelmannii Utah juniper Juniperus osteosperma
Arizona cypress Cupressus arizonica Virginia pine Pinus virginiana
Arizona pine Pinus ponderosa variety arizonica Western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla
Atlantic white-cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides Western juniper Juniperus occidentalis
Baldcypress Taxodium distichum Western larch Larix occidentalis
Baldcypresses Taxodium species Western redcedar Thuja plicata
Balsam fir Abies balsamea White fir Abies concolor
Bishop pine Pinus muricata White spruce Picea glauca
Black spruce Picea mariana Whitebark pine Pinus albicaulis
Blue spruce Picea pungens
Border pinyon Pinus discolor Joint-firs
Brewer spruce Picea brewerana
Bristlecone pine Pinus aristata Mormon-tea Family Ephedraceae
California red fir Abies magnifica
California white fir Abies concolor variety lowiana Flowering plants
Chihuahua pine Pinus leiophylla variety chihuahuana
Coast redwood Sequoia sempervirens Epiphytes
Colorado pinyon pine Pinus edulis
Digger pine Pinus sabiniana Cupey Clusia rosea
Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Bromeliad Family Bromeliaceae
Eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis Orchid [No common name] Cranichis ricartii
Eastern redcedar Juniperus virginiana Orchid [No common name] Epidendrum krugii
Eastern white pine Pinus strobus Orchid [No common name] Lepanthes eltoroensis
Engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii Pineapple Ananas comosus
Florida torreya Torreya taxifolia
Florida yew Taxus floridana Forbs
Foxtail pine Pinus balfouriana
Fraser fir Abies fraseri Acanthus Family Acanthaceae
Giant sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum Alabama pitcher-plant Sarracenia rubra subspecies alabamensis
Grand fir Abies grandis Alaska arnica Arnica unalaschcensis
Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinus longaeva Aleutian chickweed Cerastium beringinanum variety aleuticum
Incense-cedar Calocedrus decurrens Aleutian draba Draba aleutica
Jack pine Pinus banksiana Aleutian saxifrage Saxifraga aleutica
Jeffrey pine Pinus jeffreyi Aleutian wormwood Artemisia aleutica
Junipers Juniperus species Alpine sagebrush Artemisia scopulorum
Knobcone pine Pinus attenuata Altered andesite buckwheat Eriogonum robusta
Larches Larix species American alyssum Alyssum obovatum
Limber pine Pinus flexilis American chaffseed Schwalbea americana
Loblolly pine Pinus taeda American sea-rocket Cakile edentula
Lodgepole pine Pinus contorta Angelica Angelica lucida
Longleaf pine Pinus palustris Applegates milk-vetch Astragalus applegatei
Long-leafed pines Pinus species Arnica Arnica unalaschcensis
Mexican pinyon Pinus cembroides Asters Aster species
Modoc cypress Cupressus bakeri Beach-bur Ambrosia chamissonis
Monterey cypress Cupressus macrocarpa Beach lovage Ligusticum scoticum
Monterey pine Pinus radiata Beach morningglory Ipomoea imperati
Mountain hemlock Tsuga mertensiana Beach pea Lathyrus japonicus subspecies maritimus
Noble fir Abies procera Beach strawberry Fragraria chiloensis
Northern whitecedar Thuja occidentalis Bering douglasia Douglasia beringensis
Pacific silver fir Abies amabilis Birdfoot violet Viola pedata
Pacific yew Taxus brevifolia Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta
Pines Pinus species Blazing star Liatris scariosa
Pitch pine Pinus rigida Blue lupine Lupinus perennis
Pondcypress Taxodium distichum variety nutans Boreal primrose Primula anvilensis
Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa Bradshaws desert-parsley Lomatium bradshawii
Red pine Pinus resinosa Calders sea-lovage Ligusticum calderi
Red spruce Picea rubens California bearpaw poppy Arctomecon californica
Rocky Mountain juniper Juniperus scopulorum California buckwheat Erigonum fasciculatum
Sand pine Pinus clausa California goldfield Lasthenia californica
Santa Cruz cypress Cupressus goveniana variety abramsiana California poppy Escholtzia californica
Sargent cypress Cupressus sargentii Caltha-leaved avens Geum calthifolium
Short-leaf pine Pinus echinata Canbys dropwort Oxypolis canbyi
Sierra juniper Juniperus occidentalis variety australis Chukchi primrose Primula tschuktschorum
Singleleaf pinyon Pinus monophylla Clovers Trifolium species
Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis Coastal verbena Abronia latifolia
Southwestern white pine Pinus strobiformis Common pitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea
Spruces Picea species Common ragweed Ambrosia artemisifolia
Subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa Common stickyseed Blennosperma nanum
Cow parsnip Heracleum maximum
872 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Crowberry Empetrum nigrum Penstemons or beard-tongues Penstemon species

Crystalline iceplant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Phloxes Phlox species
Daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus Pilewort Erechtites hieracifolia
Dandelion Taraxacum officinale Pink verbena Abronia umbellata
Decurrent false aster Boltonia decurrens Pitcher-plant Family Sarraceniaceae
Desert-parsleys Lomatium species Pitchers thistle Cirsium pitcheri
Drummonds bluebells Mertensia drummondii Prairie bush-clover Lespedeza leptostachya
Dwarf crested iris Iris cristata Prairie lupine Lupinus species
Dwarf lake iris Iris lacustris Prickly poppies Argemone species
Eastern prairie fringed orchid Platanthera leucophaea Purple coneflower Echinacea purpurea
Eschscholtzs buttercup Ranunculus eschscholtzii Purplish braya Braya globella subspecies purpurascens
Fassetts locoweed Oxytropis campestris variety chartacea Pussytoes Antennaria species
Fawn-lilies Erythronium species Pygmy epilobium Epilobium pygmaeum
Few flowered whitlowgrass Draba pauciflora Rams head ladys slipper Cypripedium arietinum
Filaree Erodium cicutarium Raspberries Rubus species
Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium Robbins cinquefoil Potentilla robbinsiana
Furbish lousewort Pedicularis furbishiae Roughleaf yellow loosestrife Lysimachia asperulifolia
Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Roundleaf sundew Drosera rotundifolia
Gladecresses Leavenworthia species Rugelia, Rugels ragwort Rugelia nudicaulis
Goldenrods Solidago species Running buffalo clover Trifolium stoloniferum
Gosmore Hypochaeris radicata Russian thistle Salsola kali
Grimes vetchling Lathyrus grimesii Ruths golden aster Pityopsis ruthii
Groundsel (see Seaside ragwort) Senecio pseudoarnica Sagebrush Artemisia arctica subspecies comata
Hairypod cowpea Vigna luteola Sagebrush Artemisia laciniata
Haleakala schiedea Schiedea haleakalensis Sagebrush Artemisia senjavinensis
Hawksbeards Crepis species Sagebrushes Artemisia species
Hedge-hyssop Gratiola ebracteata Salt marsh camphor-weed Pluchea camphorata
Heliotropes Heliotropium species Salt marsh birds-beak Cordylanthus maritimus subspecies
Hogwallow starfish Hesperevax caulescens maritimus
Houghtons goldenrod Solidago houghtonii San Clemente Island Indian
Hultens sea-lovage (see Beach lovage) paintbrush Castilleja grisea
Iceplants Mesembryanthemum species San Clemente Island larkspur Delphinium variegatum kinkiense
Jesups milk-vetch Astragalus robbinsii Sandplain gerardia Agalinis acuta
Jones pitcher-plant Sarracenia rubra subspecies jonesii Santa Barbara Island liveforever Dudleya traskiae
Kearney buckwheat Eriogonum nummulare Schweinitzs sunflower Helianthus schweinitzii
Kobuk locoweed Oxytropis kobukensis Sea-beach sandwort Honckenya peploides
Kokrines locoweed Oxytropis kokrinensis Sea-oxeye Borrichia frutescens
Krauses sorrel Rumex krausei Seabeach amaranth Amaranthus pumilus
Ladies tresses Spiranthes romanzoffiana Seaside ragwort Senecio pseudoarnica
Lakeside daisy Hymenoxys herbacea Sensitive joint-vetch Aeschynomene noveboracense
Leafy prairie-clover Dalea foliosa Shasta snow-wreath Neviusia cliftonii
Leedys roseroot Sedum integrifolium subspecies leedyi Shooting stars Dodecatheon species
Little sagebrush Artemisia arbuscula Siberian spring beauty Claytonia sibirica
Liverleaf wintergreen Pyrola asarifolia Silver bur ragweed (see Beach-bur)
Lobb buckwheat Eriogonum lobbii Silverweed cinquefoil Argentina anserina
Lomatium Lomatium species Small whorled pogonia Isotria medeoloides
Louseworts Pedicularis species Smartweeds Polygonum species
Low chickweed Stellaria humifusa Smooth beggartick Bidens laevis
MacFarlanes four-o-clock Mirabilis macfarlanei Smooth coneflower Echinacea laevigata
Malheur wire lettuce Stephanomeria malheurensis Smooth tidytips Layia chrysanthemoides
Maritime sea-rocket Cakile maritima Snowy orchid Platanthera nivea
Marsh sandwort Arenaria paludicola Soybean Glycine max
McDonalds rock-cress Arabis macdonaldiana Spotted knapweed Centaurea biebersteinii
Meads milkweed Asclepias meadii Spreading pogonia Cleistes divaricata
Meadowfoam Limnanthes species Spring-flowering goldenrod Solidago verna
Michigan monkeyflower Mimulus glabratus variety michiganensis Steamboat buckwheat Eriogonum ovalifolium
Microsteris Microsteris gracilis Succulents Family Crassulaceae
Milk-vetches Astragalus species Sulphur Springs buckwheat Eriogonum argophyllum variety williamsiae
Minnesota dwarf trout lily Erythronium propullans Sundew Family Droseraceae
Monkeyflowers Mimulus species Sunflower Helianthus annuus
Moresbys groundsel, cleftleaf Swamp pink Helonias bullata
groundsel Senecio moresbiensis variety cymbalarioides Sweet pitcher-plant Sarracenia rubra
Mountain avens Dryas integrifolia and Dryas octopetala Tall goldenrod Solidago canadensis
Mountain-dandelions Agoseris species Thistles Cirsium species
Mouse-tail Myosurus minimus Tiehm buckwheat Eriogonum tiehmii
Muirs fleabane Erigeron muirii Tricolored monkeyflower Mimulus tricolor
Mustards Family Brassicaceae Tuberous grasspink Calopogon tuberosus
Nelsons checker-mallow Sidalcea nelsoniana Tulips Tulipa species
Northern wild monkshood Aconitum noveboracense Tumble mustard Sisymbrium altissimum
Oxalis Oxalis species Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula
Oysterleaf Mertensia maritima Violets Viola species
Pacific silverweed Potentilla egedii Western buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis
Paintbrushes Castilleja species Western lily Lilium occidentale
Pearly everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea White bog-orchid Platanthera dilatata
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 873

White bursage Franseria dumosa Pelos del Diablo Aristida portoricensis

White clover Trifolium repens Purple needlegrass Stipa pulchra
White trout lily Erythronium albidum Red brome Bromus rubens
Wild buckwheats Eriogonum species Reedgrass Calamagrostis deschampsioides
Woolly beachheather Hudsonia tomentosa Rice Oryza sativa
Wormwood Artemisia caudata Ricegrasses Oryzopsis species
Yellow pitcher-plant Sarracenia flava Ringgrass Muhlenbergia torreyi
Yellow star-thistle Centaurea solstitialis Sacaton Sporobolus wrightii
[No common name] Chamaecrista glandulosa variety mirabilis Salt meadow cordgrass Spartina patens
[No common name] Microsteris species Saltgrass Distichlis spicata
[No common name] Vernonia proctorii Sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus
Sand-reeds Calamovilfa species
Grasses Sandburs Cenchrus species
Sea oats Uniola paniculata
Alaska bluegrass Poa hartzii alaskana Seashore paspalum Paspalum vaginatum
American beachgrass Ammophila breviligulata Six-weeks fescue Festuca octoflora
Anderson alkaligrass Puccinellia andersonii Soft chess Bromus mollis
Annual hairgrass Deschampsia danthonoides Sorghum Sorghum bicolor
Arctic pendantgrass Arctophila fulva Sugarcane Saccharum officinarum
Beach ryegrass Elymus arenarius Switch cane Arundinaria tecta
Beardgrass Schizachyrium condensatum Switchgrass Panicum virgatum
Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon Three awns Aristida species
Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii Tobosa grass Hilaria mutica
Black grama Bouteloua eriopoda Tufted hairgrass Deschampsia caespitosa
Blue grama Bouteloua gracilis Tundra grass Dupontia fisheri
Blue wild rye Elymus glaucus Walters millet Echinochloa walteri
Bluejoint Calamagrostis canadensis Western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii
Bluestems Andropogon and Schizachyrium species Wheat Triticum aestivum
Brome grasses Bromus species Wheatgrasses Agropyron species
Broomsedge Andropogon virginicus Wild oats Avena fatua
Buffalo grass Buchloe dactyloides Wire-grass (see Bermuda grass)
Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris Wrights alkaligrass Puccinellia wrightii
Bunchgrasses Not a unified group. Western grasses that Wrights pendantgrass Arctophila wrightii
grow in clumps rather than as sod. [No common name] Aristida chaseae
Calders licoriceroot Ligusticum calderi
Canes Arundinaria species Marine and freshwater plants
Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum
Cleftleaf groundsel Senecio cymbalaroides Alaska mistmaiden Romanzoffia unalaschensis
Coast sandbur Cenchrus incertus Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides
Coastal dropseed Sprorobolus virginicus American bulrush Schoenoplectus americanus
Common reed Phragmites australis American lotus Nelumbo lutea
Cordgrasses Spartina species American spongeplant Limnobium spongia
Corn, maize Zea mays American white waterlily Nymphaea odorata
Creeping alkaligrass Puccinellia phryganodes Anglestem primrosewillow Ludwigia leptocarpa
Crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum Arrowhead species Sagittaria species
Deergrass Muhlenbergia rigens Baby pondweed Potamogeton pusillus
Dropseed Sporobolus species Baldwins spikerush Eleocharis baldwinii
European beachgrass Ammophila arenaria Big cordgrass Spartina cynosuroides
Fescues Festuca species Bigelow sedge Carex bigelowii
Fountain grass Pennisetum setaceum Blue waterhyssop Bacopa caroliniana
Foxtail Alopecurus saccatus Broad-leaved arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia
Galleta Hilaria jamesii Bulltongue arrowhead Sagittaria lancifolia
Giant wild-rye Elymus condensatus Carolina fanwort Cabomba caroliniana
Goatgrasses Aegilops species Carolina mosquitofern Azolla caroliniana
Grama grasses Bouteloua species Carolina spiderlily Hymenocallis caroliniana
Hairgrass Deschampsia species Cattails Typha species
Indian ricegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides Coastal waterhyssop Bacopa monnieri
Junegrass Koeleria cristata Common cattail Typha latifolia
Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis Common duckweed Lemna minor
Kikuyu grass Pennisetum clandestinum Common fogfruit Phyla nodiflora
Lehmann lovegrass Eragrostis lehmanniana Common spikerush Eleocharis palustris
Little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Coontail Ceratophyllum demersum
Lovegrasses Eragrostis species Cotton-grass Eriophorum angustifolium
Maidencane Panicum hemitomon Creeping primrosewillow Ludwigia repens
Maize (see Corn) Creeping waterprimrose Ludwigia peploides
Mediterranean grass Schismus arabicus and S. barbatus Curly leaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus
Medusahead Taeniatherum caput-medusae Dwarf spikerush Eleocharis parvula
Melicgrass Melica species Eelgrass Zostera marina
Molassesgrass Melinis minutiflora Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum
Mountain muhly Muhlenbergia montana Flat-stem pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis
Needle-and-thread Stipa comata Giant bulrush Schoenoplectus californicus
Needlegrasses Stipa species Greater duckweed Lemna species
Oatgrasses Danthonia species Hawaii Island sedge Oreobolus furcatus
Pacific reedgrass Calamagrostis nutkaensis Hoppner sedge Carex subspathacea
Palmgrass Setaria palmifolia Horned bladderwort Utricularia cornuta
874 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata Black sage Salvia mellifera

Knieskerns beaked-rush Rhynchospora kneiskernii Black sagebrush Artemisia nova
Largeleaf pennywort Hydrocotyle bonariensis Blackbrush Coleogyne ramossisima
Leafy threesquare Bolboschoenus robustus Blue blossom Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
Leafybract dwarf rush Juncus capitatus Blueberries Vaccinium species
Lesser duckweed Lemna aequinoctialis Brighamia Brighamia species
Lizards tail Saururus cernuus Brittlebush Encelia farinosa
Long-awn sedge Carex macrochaeta Broom snakeweed Gutierrezia sarothrae
Long-leaf pondweed Potamogeton nodosus Buckthorn Frangula alnus
Loose-flowered alpine sedge Carex rariflora Bunchberry Cornus canadensis
Looseflower waterwillow Justicia ovata Burro-weed Ambrosia dumosa
Lyngby sedge Carex lyngbyei Bush chinquapin Chrysolepis sempervirens
Manatee grass Syringodium filiforme Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis
Manyflower marshpennywort Hydrocotyle umbellata California adolphia Adolphia californica
Naiads Najas species California sagebrush Artemisia californica
Narrow-leaf pondweed Potamogeton foliosus California-lilacs, buckbrushes,
Needlegrass rush Juncus roemerianus ceanothuses Ceanothus species
Northeastern bulrush Scirpus ancistrochaetus Chamise Adenostoma fasciculatum
Parrot feather watermilfoil Myriophyllum aquaticum Chickasaw plum Prunus angustifolia
Pennywort Centella erecta Clermontia Clermontia species
Perennial glasswort Salicornia virginica Clidemia Clidemia hirta
Pickleweeds Salicornia species Club-moss mountain-heather Cassiope lycopodioides
Pondweed Family Najadaceae Cotton Gossypium hirsutum
Prickly sedge Carex echinata Cranberries Vaccinium species
Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Creosotebush Larrea tridentata
Ramenski sedge Carex ramenskii Currants Ribes species
Richardson pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii Cyanea Cyanea species
Sago pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus Deer brush Ceanothus integerrimus
Saltwort Batis maritima Dubautia Dubautia species
Sargassoweed Sargassum species Dwarf birch Betula nana
Sawgrass Cladium mariscus subspecies jamaicense Dwarf palmetto Sabal minor
Shoal grass Halodule wrightii Early blueberry Vaccinium ovalifolium
Small pondweed Potamogeton pusillus Eastern baccharis Baccharis halimifolia
Small spikerush Eleocharis parvula Emajagua Hibiscus tiliaceus
Smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora False azalea Menziesia ferruginea
Southern waternymph Najas guadalupensis False lobelia Trematolobelia species
Spikerushes Eleocharis species Franklinia Franklinia altamaha
Surfgrass Phyllospadix scouleri Gooseberries Ribes species
Toad rush Juncus bufonius Greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus
Turtle grass Thalassia testudina Green alder Alnus crispa
Tussock cotton-grass Eriophorum vaginatum Green hawthorn Crataegus viridis
Twoleaf watermilfoil Myriophyllum heterophyllum Gulf croton Croton punctatus
Variable flatsedge Cyperus difformis Hairy ceanothus Ceanothus olignathus
Water chestnut Trapa natans Haleakala silversword Argyroxiphium sandwicense variety
Water howellia Howellia aquatilis macrocephalum
Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Havard oak Quercus havardii
Water sedge Carex aquatilis Hawthorns Crataegus species
Water smartweed Polygonum amphibium variety stipulaceum Heaths Family Ericaceae
Water star-grass Zosterella dubia Highbush cranberry Viburnum edule
Watershield Brasenia shreberi Higuillo Piper aduncum
Waterweed Elodea canadensis Himalayan raspberry Rubus ellipticus
Waterweeds Elodea species Hoaryleaf ceanothus Ceanothus crassifolius
Waterweeds Family Hydrocharitaceae Huckleberries Gaylussacia species
Widgeongrass Ruppia maritima Huckleberry oak Quercus vaccinifolia
Wildcelery Vallisneria americana Interior silk-tassel Garrya congdonii
Wildrice Zizania aquatica Iodinebush Allenrolfea occidentalis
[No common name] Carex sabulosa Kahili ginger Hedychium gardnerianum
[No common name] Dictyopterus species Kamchatka rhododendron Rhododendron camtschaticum
[No common name] Halimeda species Kinnikinnick, bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
[No common name] Padina species Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum
Leadplant Amorpha canescens
Shrubs Leather oak Quercus durata
Lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Agaves Agave species Lobelia Family Lobeliaceae
Alaska blueberry Vaccinium alaskense Mahogany sumac Rhus integrifolia
Alpine blueberry Vaccinium species Manzanitas Arctostaphylos species
Barbwire thistle Salsola paulsenii Maui greensword Argyroxiphium grayanum
Basin big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata tridentata Maui hala pepe Pleomele auwahiensis
Bayahonda (see Mesquite, under Trees) Maui plantain Plantago pachyphylla
Beach plum Prunus maritima Menziesia Menziesia ferruginea
Bear oak Quercus ilicifolia Mexican cliffrose Purshia stansburiana
Bearberry (see Kinnikinnick) Miconia Miconia calvescens
Big sagebrush Artemisia tridentata Mountain heather Cassiope species
Bigleaf sumpweed Iva frutescens Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia
Bitterbrush Purshia tridentata
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 875

Mountain-mahoganies Cercocarpus species American chestnut Castanea dentata

Musk brush Ceanothus jepsonii American elm Ulmus americana
Nuttalls goosefoot Chenopodium berlandieri subspecies American holly Ilex opaca
nuttalliae American snowbell Styrax americanus
Nuttalls scrub oak Quercus dumosa Arizona white oak Quercus arizonica
Our Lords candle Yucca whipplei Ashes Fraxinus species
Pacific red elderberry Sambucus racemosa Australian melaleuca Melaleuca quinquenervia
Poison ivy Rhus toxicodendron Australian-pine Casuarina equisetifolia
Possumhaw Ilex decidua Ausubo Manilkara bidentata
Prickly pear Opuntia rubescens Balsa Ochroma pyramidale
Prickly rose Rosa acicularis Balsam poplar Populus balsamifera
Purple sage Salvia leucophylla Bariaco Trichilia triacantha
Rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus species Bebb willow Salix bebbiana
Red manjack Cordia nitida Birches Betula species
Red shank Adenostoma sparsifolium Bitter-ash Rauvolfia nitida
Rhododendrons Rhododendron species Black birch Betula lenta
Rollandia Rollandia species Black cherry Prunus serotina
Rosemary Rosmarina officinalis Black locust Robinia pseudacacia
Sacahuista Nolina microcarpa Black oak Quercus velutina
Sakau Piper methysticum Black willow Salix nigra
Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis Black-mangrove Avicennia germinans
Saltbush Atriplex leucophylla Blackgum, swamp tupelo Nyssa sylvatica variety biflora
Saltbushes Atriplex species Blackjack oak Quercus marilandica
San Clemente Island broom Lotus dendroideus variety traskiae Blue oak Quercus douglassii
San Clemente Island Box-briar Randia aculeata
bush-mallow Malacothamnus clementinus Boxelder Acer negundo
Sand-myrtle Leiophyllum buxifolium Brazilian pepper Schinus terebinthifolius
Sandsage Artemisia filifolia Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa
Sedge Family Cyperaceae Buttonwood-mangrove Conocarpus erectus
Shadscale Atriplex confertifolia Caimitillo Micropholis chrysophylloides
Shaws agave Agave shawii Caimitillo verde Micropholis garciniaefolia
Silverswords Argyroxiphium species Calambrea Coccoloba venosa
Sitka alder Alnus sitchensis California bay Umbellularia californica
Sitka mountain-ash Sorbus sitchensis California black oak Quercus kelloggii
Smooth sumac Rhus glabra California buckeye Aesculus californica
Snakeweeds Gutierrezia species Canyon live oak Quercus chrysolepis
Sotols Dasylirion species Cap rosa Callicarpa ampla
Spicebush Lindera benzoin Cardon cactus Pachycereus pringlei
Stevens spiraea Spiraea stevenii Carolina ash Fraxinus caroliniana
Strangler fig Ficus species Cat-claw acacia Acacia greggii
Sugar bush Rhus ovata Catalina cherry Prunus ilicifolia subspecies lyonii
Sumacs Rhus species Catalina ironwood Lyonothamnus floribundus
Swamp dogwood Cornus stricta Cedar elm Ulmus crassifolia
Swamp laurel Kalmia microphylla Chestnut oak Quercus prinus
Swamp-privet Forestiera acuminata Chinese chestnut Castanea mollissima
Tarbush Flourensia cernua Chinquapin Chrysolepis chrysophylla
Thorny devilsclub Oplopanax horridus Chokecherry Prunus virginiana
Tobacco Nicotiana species Chupacallos Pleodendron macranthum
Toyon Hetermeles arbutifolia Coast live oak Quercus agrifolia
Twin-flower Linnaea borealis Cbana negra Stahlia monosperma
Vaseys sagebrush Artemisia tridentata subspecies vaseyana Coffee Coffea arabica
Viburnums and haws Viburnum species Common guava Psidium guajava
Virginia spiraea Spiraea virginiana Common lignumvitae Guaiacum officinale
Virginia-willow Itea virginica Common persimmon Diospyros virginiana
Water viburnum Viburnum obovatum Cooks holly Ilex cookii
Wax myrtle Morella cerifera Corcho bobo Pisonia alba
White sage Salvia apiana Cottonwoods and poplars Populus species
Whitebark rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Coyote willow Salix exigua
Whiteleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos viscida Curlleaf mountain-mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius
Wilkesia Wilkesia species Custard-apple Annona reticulata
Winterfat Halogeton glomeratus Dogwoods Cornus species
Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens Eastern cottonwood (see plains cottonwood)
Yuccas Yucca species Emory oak Quercus emoryi
[No common name] Artemisia laciniatiformis Engelmann oak Quercus engelmannii
[No common name] Lyonia truncata variety proctorii Erubia Solanum drymophilum
False mastic Sideroxylon foetidissimum
Trees Firetree Myrica faya
Florida fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum
Alaska paper birch Betula neoalaskana Flowering dogwood Cornus florida
Alderleaf mountain-mahogany Cercocarpus montanus Fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii
Alders Alnus species Gambel oak Quercus gambelii
Alel Plumeria alba Golden-spined cereus Bergerocactus emoryi
Almendra Terminalia catappa Gray oak Quercus grisea
American basswood Tilia americana Green alder Alnus viridis subspecies crispa
American beech Fagus grandifolia
876 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red alder Alnus rubra

Guaba Inga vera Red mangrove Rhizophora mangle
Guama Inga fagifolia Red maple Acer rubrum
Guayabota de sierra Eugenia borinquensis River birch Betula nigra
Guayacn blanco Guaiacum sanctum Roble blanco Tabebuia heterophylla
Gumbo limbo Bursera simaruba Roble de sierra Tabebuia rigida
Hackberry Celtis occidentalis Royens tree cactus Cephalocereus royenii
Hazel alder Alnus serrulata Russian-olive Elaeagnus angustifolia
Hickories Carya species Saguaro Carnegiea gigantea
Higo chumbo Harrisia portoricensis Saltcedar or tamarisk Tamarix chinensis
Higuero de sierra Crescentia portoricensis Sandalwood Santalum species
Honduras mahogany Swietenia macrophylla Sarrasuela Thouinia portoricensis
Honey mesquite Prosopis glandulosa Shortleaf fig Ficus citrifolia
Honeylocust Gleditsia triacanthos Siberian elm Ulmus pumila
Indio Erythroxylon areolatum Sierra palm Prestoea montana
Interior live oak Quercus wislizeni Silk cotton tree Ceiba pentandra
Island live oak Quercus tomentella Silver buffaloberry Shepherdia argentea
Joshua-tree Yucca brevifolia Silver maple Acer saccharinum
Jusillo Calycogonium squamulosum Silverleaf oak Quercus hypoleucoides
Kentucky coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus Sitka alder Alnus viridis
Koa Acacia koa Slippery elm Ulmus rubra
Lama Diospyros sandwichensis Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora
Leadtree Leucaena glauca Spanish cedar Cedrela odorata
Live oak Quercus virginiana Spanish lime Melicoccus bijugatus
Madrone Arbutus menziesii St. Thomas prickly-ash Zanthoxylum thomasianum
Magnolias Magnolia species Strawberry guava Psidium cattleianum
Mamani Sophora chrysophylla Sugar maple Acer saccharum
Mangrove Family Rhizophoraceae Sugarberry Celtis laevigata
Maple Family Aceraceae Swamp white oak Quercus bicolor
Matabuey Goetzia elegans Sweet acacia Acacia farnesiana
Matchwood Didymopanax morototoni Sweet gum Liquidamber styraciflua
Mesquite Prosopis juliflora Sweetbay Magnolia virginiana
Mesquites Prosopis species Sycamore Platanus occidentalis
Mexican blue oak Quercus oblongifolia Tachuelo Pictetia aculeata
Motillo Sloanea berteriana Tamarind Tamarindus indica
Mountain alder Alnus incana subspecies tenuifolia Tamarisks Tamarix species
Mountain immortelle Erythrina poeppigiana Tambonuco Dacryodes excelsa
Nemoc Ocotea spathulata Tanoak Lithocarpus densiflora
Netleaf oak Quercus rugosa Teak Tectona grandis
Netleaf willow Salix reticulata subspecies glabellicarpa Tibet Albizia lebbek
Northern red oak Quercus rubra Trumpet tree Cecropia peltata
Nuttall oak Quercus nuttallii Tulipn Africano Spathodea campanulata
Oaks Quercus species Tupelos Nyssa species
Ocotillo Fouquieria splendens Turkey oak Quercus laevis
Ohia Metrosideros polymorpha Uvilla Coccoloba diversifolia
Oreganillo Weinmannia pinnata Uvillo Eugenia haematocarpa
Oregon oak Quercus garryana Vahls boxwood Buxus vahlii
Organpipe cactus Lemaireocereus thurberi Valley oak Quercus lobata
Overcup oak Quercus lyrata Velvet ash Fraxinus velutina
Oxhorn bucida Bucida buceras Vine maple Acer circinatum
Palma de lluvia Guassia attenuata Water hickory Carya aquatica
Palma de manaca Calyptronoma rivalis Water oak Quercus nigra
Palmetto Sabal minor Water tupelo Nyssa aquatica
Palms Family Palmae Water-elm Planera aquatica
Palo colorado Cyrilla racemiflora Waterlocust Gleditsia aquatica
Palo colorado Ternstroemia luquillensis Wavyleaf oak Quercus pauciloba (hybrid)
Palo de jazmn Styrax portoricensis West Indian locust Hymenaea courbaril
Palo de nigua Cornutia obovata Wheelers peperomia Peperomia wheeleri
Palo de pollo Pterocarpus officinalis White mulberry Morus alba
Palo de Ramn Banara vanderbiltii White oak Quercus alba
Palo de rosa Ottoschultzia rhodoxylon White prickle Zanthoxylum martinicense
Paper birch Betula papyrifera White-mangrove Laguncularia racemosa
Pecan Carya illinoensis Wild cherries Prunus species
Pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica Willow bustic Dipholis salicifolia
Pin oak Quercus palustris Willow oak Quercus phellos
Plains cottonwood, eastern Willows Salix species
cottonwood Populus deltoides Winged elm Ulmus alata
Pomarrosa Eugenia jambos Yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis
Pond-apple Annona glabra Yellow paloverde Cercidium microphyllum
Prickly-ash Zanthoxylum species Yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera
Puerto Rican acrocomia Acrocomia media [No common name] Auerodendron pauciflorum
Puerto Rican royal palm Roystonea borinquena [No common name] Calyptranthes thomasiana
Pumpkin ash Ulmus profunda [No common name] Daphnopsis hellerana
Quaking aspen Populus tremuloides [No common name] Eugenia woodburyana
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 877

[No common name] Ilex sintenisii Sea stars, urchins, and sea cucumbers
[No common name] Leptocereus grantianus
[No common name] Mitracarpus maxwelliae Brittlestars Class Ophiuroidea
[No common name] Mitracarpus polycladus California sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus
[No common name] Myrcia paganii Green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis
[No common name] Schoepfia arenaria Purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
[No common name] Ternstroemia subsessilis Red sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus
Sand dollar Family Clypeasteridae
Vines Sand dollars and sea urchins Class Echinoidea
Sea cucumbers Class Holothuroidea
Banana poka Passiflora mollissima Sea stars Class Asteroidea
Beach morningglory Ipomoea imperati Sea stars Pisaster species
Beans Phaseolus species Sea urchins Strongylocentrotus species
Dodder Cuscuta species
Grape Vitis species
Greenbriers Smilax species
Rotifers and phoronids
Kudzu Pueraria lobata Ctenophores Phylum Ctenophora
Peperomia vines Peperomia species Gastrotrichs Class Gastrotricha
Peppervine Ampelopsis arborea Phoronids Phylum Phoronida
Pickerings morning-glory Stylisma pickeringii Rotifers Class Rotifera
Sweet pea Lathyrus odoratus
Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia
Worms
Animals Acanthocephalan parasite
Earthworms
Polymorphus species
Class Oligochaeta
Feather-duster worms Subclass Sabelliformia
Protozoans Flatworms Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms, including freshwater
Dinoflagellates Class Dinoflagellata microturbellarians Class Turbellaria
Dinoflagellate [No common name] Ceratium hircus Human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
Dinoflagellate [No common name] Gymnodinium species Leeches Class Hirudinea
Dinoflagellate [No common name] Peridinium cinctum Lungworm pneumonia Dictyocaulus viviparus
Dinoflagellate [No common name] Prorocentrum species [Causative agent]
Malaria Plasmodium species [causative agents] Nematodes Phylum Nematoda
Protozoan [No common name] Perkinsus marinus Nemerteans Phylum Nematoda
Protozoan encephalitis Oligochaetes Class Oligochaeta
(Toxoplasmosis) Toxoplasma gondii Oligochaete [No common name] Corophium species
Schistosome parasite Schistosoma mansoni Oligochaete [No common name] Mediomastus species
Whirling disease Myxobolus cerebralis Oligochaete [No common name] Streblospio species
Polychaete worm
Euglenoids [No common name] Hobsonia florida
Polychaete worms Class Polychaeta
Euglenoid [No common name] Trachelomonas hispida Polychaetes Class Polychaeta
Segmented worms Phylum Annelida
Sponges Tube worms Family Serpulidae
Boring sponge Cliona celata
Calcareous sponges [No scientific name] Mollusks
Tubular sponges [No scientific name]
Clams, bivalves
Jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals Alaska great-tellin Tellina lutea
Angelwing Cyrtopleura costata
Corals Arctic surfclam Mactromeris polynyma
Asian clam Corbicula fluminea
Black coral Order Antipatheria Asian clams Family Corbiculidae
Brain corals Order Scleractinia (in part) Atlantic calico scallop Argopecten gibbus
Elkhorn coral Acropora palmata Atlantic rangia clam Rangia cuneata
Finger coral Porites species Atlantic surfclam Spisula solidissima
Gorgonian corals Order Gorgonacea Bay scallop Argopecten irradians
Hexacorals Subclass Hexacorallia Blue mussel Mytilus edulis
Hydrocorals Class Hydrozoa Broad cockle Serripes laperousi
Clubshell Pleurobema clava
Jellyfish Cockles Family Cardiidae
Cracking pearlymussel Hemistena lata
Orange cup coral Tubastraea coccinea
Dwarf wedgemussel Alasmidonta heterodon
Pink coral Corallium species
Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica
Red tree coral Primnoa walleyi
Elktoe Alasmidonta marginata
Scleractinian corals Order Scleractinia
Falsemussels Family Dreissenidae
Sea anemones Order Actinaria
Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria
Sea pens and octocorals Subclass Octocorallia
Fat pocketbook Potamilus capax
Sea raspberry coral Eunephyta species
Fingernailclams Family Sphaeriidae
Soft coral Order Alcyonaceae
Giant clam Tridacna gigas
Staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis
Giant clams Family Tridacnidae
Star coral Monastrea annularis
Greenland cockle Serripes groenlandicus
Wire coral Cirripathes anguinea
878 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria Clenchs nerite Neritina clenchi

Hiatellas Family Hiatellidae Coachella desert snail Eremarionta indioensis
Higgins eye Lampsilis higginsi Columbia pebblesnail Fluminicola columbiana
Japanese littleneck Tapes philippinarum Conchs Family Strombidae
Limpets Family Fissurellidae Cuban physa Physa cubensis
Long fingernailclam Musculium transversum Dalles sideband snail Monadenia fidelis minor
Mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae Decollate snail Rumina decollata
Marshclam Family Corbiculidae Desert snails Eremarionta species
Mussels Family Mytilidae El Paso shoulderband Mohavelix micrometaleus
Mussels Several genera, especially Mytilus Euglandina (see Rosey wolfsnail)
Narrowmouth hydrobe Texadina spinctosoma Fat whelk Neptunea ventricosa
Neosho mucket Lampsilis rafinesqueana Flame helmet Cassis flammea
Northern quahog Mercenaria mercenaria Flat abalone Haliotis walallensis
Northern riffleshell Epioblasma torulosa rangiana Florida tree snails Liguus fasciatus
Ocean quahog Arctica islandica Giant African snail Achatina fulica
Orange-foot pimpleback Plethobasus cooperianus Green abalone Haliotis fulgens
Oyster Family Ostreidae Guadalupe shelled slug Binneya guadalupensis
Oyster piddock Diplothyra smithii Hawaiian tree snails Achatinella, Partulina species
Oysters Crassostrea species Hawkwing conch Strombus raninus
Pacific calico scallop Argopecten circularis Hydrobe Family Hydrobiidae
Pacific geoduck Panopea abrupta Island snails Micrarionta species
Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Karok hesperian Vespericola karakorum
Pacific razor clam Siliqua patula Lyre whelk Neptunea lyrata
Pearlymussels Family Unionidae Milk conch Strombus costatus
Penshells Family Pinnidae Mimic shoulderband Helminthoglypta micrometalleoides
Piddocks Family Pholadidae Mohave shoulderband Helminthoglypta greggi
Pink mucket Lampsilis abrupta Morro shoulderband Helminthoglypta walkeriana
Purple cats-paw Epioblasma obliquata obliquata Mountain snail Family Oreohelicidae
Razor clams Family Solenidae Oregon triton Fusitriton oregonensis
Ring pink Obovaria retusa Panamint shoulderband Helminthoglypta fisheri
Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon Periwinkles Littorina species
Scallops Family Pectinidae Pink abalone Haliotis corrugata
Sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus Pinto abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana
Small giant clam Tridacna maxima Plain cactus snail Xerarionta intercisa
Snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra Polynesian tree snails Partula species
Softshell clam Mya arenaria Pribilof whelk Neptunea pribiloffensis
Softshell clams Family Myidae Pyrgs Pyrgulopsis species
Spectaclecase Cumberlandia monodonta Queen conch Strombus gigas
Surfclams Family Mactridae Quilted melania Tarebia granifera
Tar spinymussel Elliptio steinstansana Red abalone Haliotis rufescens
Tellins Family Tellinidae Roostertail conch Strombus gallus
Tellins Tellinia species Rosey wolfsnail Euglandina rosea
Venus clams Family Veneridae Sad nerite Puperita tristis
Weathervane scallops Patinopecten caurinus San Miguel shoulderband Helminthoglypta ayresiana
White cats-paw Epioblasma sulcata delicata San Nicolas island snail Micrarionta feralis
Winged mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa Santa Barbara shelled slug Binneya notabilis
Zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha Sea snails [No scientific name]
Shasta sideband Monadenia troglodytes
Snails Shelled slug Binneya species
Shipworm Family Teredinidae
Abalones Family Haliotididae Shoulderband, heminthoglyptids Family Helminthoglyptidae
Abalones Haliotis species Shoulderbands Helminthoglypta species
Ambersnails Family Succineidae Slugs Several orders and families
Amistrid tree snails Family Amistridae Snake River physa Physa natricina
Angular triton Cymatium femorale Soledad shoulderband Helminthoglypta fontiphila
Appalachian ambersnail Succinea chittenangoensis South American snail Australorbis glabratus
Apple snail Pomacea species Springsnails Fontelicella species
Argus desert snail Eremariontoides argus Surf shoulderband Helminthoglypta fieldi
Arions Family Arionidae Talus snails Sonorella species
Atlantic trumpet triton Charonia tritonis variegata Threaded abalone Haliotis assimilis
Banana slug Ariolimax dolichophallus Trinity bristlesnail Monadenia setosa
Banbury Springs limpet Lanx species Triton Family Ranellidae
Black abalone Haliotis cracherondii Utah valvata Valvata utahensis
Bliss Rapids snail Taylorconcha serpenticola West Indian fighting conch Strombus pugilis
Blood fluke planorb Biomphalaria glabrata West Indian topsnail Cittarium pica
Brown gardensnail Helix aspersa Whelk Mohinia species
Bruneau Hot Springs snail Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Whelks Family Buccinidae
Buccinium whelks Buccinium species White abalone Haliotis sorenseni
Cactus snails Xerarionta species Wreathed cactus snail Xerarionta redimita
Cameo helmet Cassis madagarcariensis and C. m. spinella Zebra nerite Puperita pupa
Caribbean helmet Cassis tuberosa [No common name] Neptunea heros
Catalina cactus snail Xerarionta kelletti
Catalina mountain snail Radiocentrum avalonense Squids and octopuses
Cheat threetooth Triodopsis platysayoides
Chittenango ovate ambersnail (see Appalachian ambersnail) Brief squid Lolliguncula brevis
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 879

Long-finned squid Loligo pealei Krill Euphausia species

Octopus Octopus cyahea Krill Order Euphausiacea
Short-finned squid Illex illecebrosus Krill Stylocheiron species
Squid Family Loliginidae Krill Thysanoessa species
Squids Subclass Teuthoidea Lady crab Ovalipes ocellatus
Large native shrimp [No scientific name]
Arachnids and related groups Lesser blue crab Callinectes similis
Lobster Infraorders Astacidea and Palinura
Millipedes Class Diplopoda Millipedes Class Diplopoda
Spiders Class Araneida Mona cave shrimp Typhlatya monae
Long-jawed spider Family Tetragnathidae Northern shrimp Pandalus borealis
Mites Order Acarina Opossum shrimp Mysis relicta
Pseudoscorpions Order Pseudoscorpionidae Pacific black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
Sarcoptic mange [No scientific name] Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Scorpions Order Scorpionidae Penaeid shrimps Penaeus species
Spruce-fir moss spider Microhexura montivaga Pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum
Centipedes Class Chilopoda Portunid crabs Family Portunidae
Red crab Geryon quinquedens
Crustaceans Red king crab Paralithodes camtschatica
Riverside fairy shrimp Streptocephalus woottoni
Amphipod [No common name] Ampelisca species Rock shrimp Sicyonia brevirostris
Amphipod [No common name] Corophium species Royal red shrimp Menopenaeus robustus
Amphipod [No common name] Gradidierella species Seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri
Amphipods Order Amphipoda Shasta crayfish Pacifastacus fortis
Barnacles Subclass Cirripedia Shrimps Family Penaeidae
Cladocerans Order Cladocera Sidestripe shrimp Pandalopsis dispar
Copepod [No common name] Acartia tonsa Slipper lobster Scyllarides squamosus
Copepod [No common name] Calanus finmarchicus Snow crab Chionoecetes opilio
Copepod [No common name] Centropages hamatus Spiny lobster Panulirus argus
Copepod [No common name] Centropages typicus Spiny lobsters Panulirus species
Copepod [No common name] Diaptomus dorsalis Stone crab Menippe mercenaria
Copepod [No common name] Diaptomus reighardi Tanner crabs Chionoecetes bairdi, C. opilio
Copepod [No common name] Diaptomus siciloides Water fleas Order Cladocera
Copepod [No common name] Metridia lucens White shrimp Penaeus setifer
Copepod [No common name] Osphrantieum labronectum
Copepod [No common name] Pseudocalanus species Insects
Copepods Order Copepoda
Copepods Pseudocalanus species Ants, bees, and wasps
Copepods Subclass Copepoda
Cyclopoid copepods Family Cyclopidae Africanized honey bee Apis mellifera adansonii
Diaptomid copepods Family Diaptomidae Ants Family Formicidae
Luciculous amphipods [No scientific name] Argentine ant Iridomyrmex humilis
Ostracods Subclass Ostracoda Blue orchard bee Osmia lignaria
[No common name] Diaptomus kenai Boll weevil Anthonomus grandis
[No common name] Diaptomus tyrrelli Bumble bees Bombus species
Honey bee Apis mellifera
Crabs, crayfishes, lobsters, and shrimps Honey bee and bumble bees Family Apidae
Imported red fire ant Solenopsis invicta
Ala kumu Carpilius maculatus Leaf-cutting bee Family Megachilidae
American lobster Homarus americanus Paper wasps, yellowjackets
Atlantic rock crab Cancer irroratus and hornets Family Vespidae
Blue crab Callinectes sapidus Western yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica
Blue king crab Paralithodes platypus Yellowjackets Vespula species
Brine shrimp (see fairy shrimp)
Brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus Aquatic insects
California freshwater shrimp Syncaris pacifica
Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Amargosa naucorid Pelocoris shoshone amargosus
Cave shrimp Family Atyidae Ash Meadows naucorid Ambrysus amargosus
Common land crab [No scientific name] Burrowing mayflies Hexagenia bilineata, Pentagenia
Crayfishes Pacifastacus species vittigera
Crayfishes Procambarus species Burrowing mayfly Tortopus incertus
Deepwater shrimps Heterocarpus species Caddisflies Order Trichoptera
Dungeness crab Cancer magister Green-eyed skimmers Family Corduliidae
Fairy shrimp Branchinecta species Hexagenia burrowing mayflies Hexagenia species
Fairy shrimps Family Branchinectidae Hydropsychid caddisflies Family Hydropsychidae
Fairy shrimps and brine shrimps Order Anostraca Lake Tahoe benthic stonefly Capnia lacustra
Golden (brown) king crab Lithodes aequispina Mayflies Family Ephemeridae
Green crab Carcinus maenas Mayflies Order Ephemeroptera
Hawaiian spiny lobster Panulirus marginatus Narrow-winged damselflies Family Coenagrioniidae
Horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus Net-spinning caddisflies Hydropsyche species
Isopods and sow bugs Order Isopoda Ozark emerald Somatochlora ozarkensis
Jonah crab Cancer borealis Ozark snaketail dragonfly Ophiogomphus westfalli
Kelp crab Pugettia producta Polymitarcid mayflies Family Polymitarcidae
King crabs Lithodes and Paralithodes species Stoneflies Order Plecoptera
Korean hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii Wahkeena Falls flightless stonefly Zapada wahkeena
880 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2
Beetles
Alligatorweed flea beetle
American burying beetle
Aphodiine scarabs
Bark beetles
Beetle [No common name]
Darkling ground beetle
Darkling ground beetles
Death Valley agabus diving beetle
Delta green ground beetle
Devils Hole warm spring riffle
beetle
Elm bark beetle
Giulianis dune scarab
Globose dune beetle
Hungerfords crawling water beetle
Large aegialian scarab
Moapa warm spring riffle beetle
Mountain pine beetle
Nelsons miloderes weevil
Sixbanded longhorn beetle
Southern pine beetle
Spruce beetle
Travertine band-thigh diving beetle
Valley elderberry longhorn beetle
Cicadas, leafhoppers, and aphids
Balsam woolly adelgid
Beech scale insect
Cottonycushion scale
Hemlock woolly adelgid
Mealybug
Scale insect
Scale insect
Scale insect
Two-spotted leafhopper
Flies and midges
Blackflies
Brine flies
Delhi Sands flower-loving fly
Midge, chironomids
Mosquitoes
Phantom midges
Picture-wing vinegar flies
Southern house mosquito
Tube-building midges
Vinegar flies
Grasshoppers, crickets, and allies
German cockroach
Idaho pointheaded grasshopper
Kelso giant sand treader cricket
Kelso Jerusalem cricket
Lake Huron locust
Prairie mole cricket
Superb spharagemon grasshopper
Tuna Cave roach
Moths and butterflies
Apache nokomis fritillary
Arogos skipper
Avalon hairstreak
Bay checkerspot butterfly
Byssus skipper
Common wood nymph
Creole pearly eye
Dakota skipper
Agasicles hygrophila Diana fritillary
Nicrophorus americanus Douglas-fir tussock moth
Aphodius species Eastern spruce budworm
Family Scolytidae Ediths checkerspot
Dictyopterus species El Segundo blue butterfly
Eusattus muricatus Gypsy moth
Family Tenebrionidae Hessels hairstreak
Agabus rumppi Karner blue butterfly
Elaphrus viridis Kern primrose sphinx moth
Langes metalmark butterfly
Stenelmis calida calida Larch casebearer
Scolytus multistriatis Lotis blue butterfly
Pseudocotalpa giulianii Maculated manfreda skipper
Coelus globosus Mission blue butterfly
Brychius hungerfordi Mitchells satyr
Aegalia magnifica Myrtles silverspot butterfly
Stenelmis calida moapa Nokomis fritillary
Dendroctonus ponderosae Oregon silverspot butterfly
Miloderes rulieni Ottoe skipper
Dryobius sexnotatus Palos Verdes blue butterfly
Dendroctonus frontalus Persius duskywing
Dendroctonus rufipennis Phlox moth
Hygrotus fontinalis Poweshiek skipperling
Desmocerus californicus dimorphus Rattlesnake-master borer moth
Regal fritillary
San Bruno elfin butterfly
Sand Mountain pallid blue
Adelges piceae Silver-bordered fritillary
Cryptococcus fagisuga Smiths blue butterfly
Icerya purchasi Sugarcane borer
Adelges tsugae Tawny cresent
Humococcus ceraricus Weidemeyers admiral
Acanthococcus arenosus Western spruce budworm
Lecanodiapsis prosopidis
Lecanodiapsis rufescens Other insect groups
Sophonia rufofascia
Black grass bugs
Flightless lacewing
Springtails
Family Simuliidae Termites
Family Ephydridae
Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis
Family Chironomidae
Vertebrate animals
Family Culicidae
Chaoborus species
Amphibians
Family Drosophilidae African clawed frog
Culex quinquefasciatus Amargosa toad
Family Chironomidae American toad
Drosphila basisetae, claytonae, digres- Appalachian salamander
sa, hawaiiensis, heteroneura, Arboreal salamander
macrothrix,murphyi, ochracea, Arizona toad
paucipuncta, rolaticilia, setosifrons, Arroyo toad
setosimentum, silvestris, sproati Black salamander
Black toad
Black-bellied salamander
Black-bellied slender salamander
Blatella germanica
Black-spotted newt
Acrolophitus punchellus
Blanchards cricket frog
Macrobaenetes kelsonii
Boreal chorus frog
Ammopelmatus kelsonii
Breckenridge Mountain slender
Trimerotropis huroniana
salamander
Gryllotalpa major
Bronze frog
Spharagemon superbum
Bullfrog
Aspiduchus cavernicola
California giant salamander
California red-legged frog
California slender salamander
Speyeria nokomis subspecies apacheana California tiger salamander
Atrytone arogos California toad
Strymon avalona California treefrog
Euphydryas editha bayensis Canadian toad
Problema byssus Canyon treefrog
Cercyonis pegala Caribbean white-lipped frog
Cascade torrent salamander
Enodia creola
Hesperia dacotae
Speyeria diana
Orgyia pseudotsugata
Choristoneura fumiferana
Euphydryas editha
Euphilotes enoptes allyni
Lymantria dispar
Callophrys hesseli
Lycaeides melissa samuelis
Euproserpinus euterpe
Apodemia mormo langei
Coleophora laricella
Lycaeides idas lotis
Stallingsia maculosus
Plebejus icarioides missionensis
Neonympha mitchellii
Speyeria zerene myrtleae
Speyeria nokomis
Speyeria zerene hippolyta
Hesperia ottoe
Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis
Erynnis persius
Schinia indiana
Oarisma powesheik
Papaipema eryngii
Speyeria idalia
Callophrys mossii bayensis
Euphilotes pallescens subspecies
Boloria selene sabulicollis
Euphilotes enoptes smithi
Diatraea saccharalis
Phyciodes batesi
Limenitis weidemeyeri
Choristoneura occidentalis
Irbisia and Labops species
Micromus species
Order Collembola
Order Isoptera
Xenopus laevis
Bufo nelsoni
Bufo americanus
Plethodon jordani
Aneides lugubris
Bufo microscaphus microscaphus
Bufo microscaphus californicus
Aneides flavipunctatus
Bufo exsul
Desmognathus quadramaculatus
Batrachoseps nigriventris
Notophthalmus meridionalis
Acris crepitans blanchardi
Pseudacris triseriata maculata
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Rana clamitans clamitans
Rana catesbeiana
Dicamptodon ensatus
Rana aurora draytonii
Batrachoseps attenuatus
Ambystoma californiense
Bufo boreas halophilus
Hyla cadaverina
Bufo hemiophrys
Hyla arenicolor
Leptodactylus albilabris
Rhyacotriton cascadae

Cascades chorus frog
Cascades frog
Channel Islands slender salamander
Chiricahua leopard frog
Chorus frogs
Clouded salamander
Coast chorus frog
Coast Range newt
Columbia spotted frog
Columbia torrent salamander
Common coqui
Common mud frog
Copes giant salamander
Couchs spadefoot
Crawfish frog
Cricket coqui
Cricket frog
Cuban treefrog
Del Norte salamander
Desert slender salamander
Dunns salamander
Eastern narrow-mouthed toad
Eastern newt
Eastern red-backed salamander
Eastern tiger salamander
Ensatina
Fairview slender salamander
Flatwoods salamander
Foothill yellow-legged frog
Forest coqui
Four-toed salamander
Fowlers toad
Gabilan slender salamander
Garden slender salamander
Giant salamanders
Golden coqui
Gray tiger salamander
Gray treefrog
Great Basin spadefoot
Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad
Great Plains toad
Green frog
Green toad
Green treefrog
Ground coqui
Guadalupe slender salamander
Gulf Coast toad
Hell Hollow slender salamander
Houston toad
Huachuca tiger salamander
Inyo Mountains slender salamander
Jemez Mountains salamander
Kern Canyon slender salamander
Kern Plateau slender salamander
Larch Mountain salamander
Large-blotched ensatina
Leopard frogs
Lesser siren
Limestone salamander
Long-toed salamander
Lungless salamanders
Marine toad
Monterey ensatina
Mottled coqui
Mount Lyell salamander
Mountain yellow-legged frog
Mudpuppy
Newts
Northern cricket frog
Northern leopard frog
Northern red-legged frog
Northern rough-skinned newt
Northwestern salamander
Olympic torrent salamander
Pseudacris regilla cascadae
Rana cascadae
Batrachoseps pacificus
Rana chiricahuensis
Pseudacris species
Aneides ferreus
Pseudacris regilla pacifica
Taricha torosa torosa
Rana luteiventris
Rhyacotriton kexeri
Eleutherodactylus coqui
[No scientific name]
Dicamptodon copei
Spea couchii
Rana areolata
Eleutherodactylus gryllus
Acris species
Osteopilus septentrionalis
Plethodon elongatus
Batrachoseps aridus
Plethodon dunni
Gastrophryne carolinensis
Notophthalmus viridescens
Plethodon cinereus
Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum
Ensatina eschscholtzii
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Ambystoma cingulatum
Rana boylii
Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
Hemidactylium scutatum
Bufo woodhousei fowleri
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Batrachoseps major
Family Dicamptodontidae
Eleutherodactylus jasperi
Ambystoma tigrinum diabolis
Hyla versicolor
Spea intermontana
Gastrophryne species
Bufo cognatus
Rana clamitans
Bufo debilis
Hyla cinerea
Eleutherodactylus richmondi
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Bufo valliceps
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Bufo houstonensis
Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi
Batrachoseps campi
Plethodon neomexicanus
Batrachoseps simatus
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Plethodon larselli
Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi
Rana species
Siren intermedia
Hydromantes brunus
Ambystoma macrodactylum
Family Plethodontidae
Bufo marinus
Ensatina eschscholtzii eschscholtzii
Eleutherodactylus eneidae
Hydromantes platycephalus
Rana muscosa
Necturus maculosus
Family Salamandridae
Acris crepitans
Rana pipiens
Rana aurora aurora
Taricha granulosa granulosa
Ambystoma gracile
Rhyacotriton olympicus
Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2
Oregon ensatina
Oregon slender salamander
Oregon spotted frog
Owens Valley web-toed salamander
Pacific chorus frog
Pacific giant salamander
Pacific slender salamander
Painted ensatina
Pickerel frog
Pig frog
Plains leopard frog
Plains spadefoot
Puerto Rican coqui
(see Forest coqui)
Ramsey Canyon leopard frog
Red-bellied newt
Red-legged frog
Red-spotted toad
Relict leopard frog
Relictual slender salamander
Ridge-headed toad
Rio Grande leopard frog
Rock coqui
Rough-skinned newt
Sacramento Mountain salamander
San Gabriel slender salamander
Santa Cruz long-toed salamander
Santa Lucia slender salamander
Shasta salamander
Sierra chorus frog
Sierra Nevada ensatina
Sierra newt
Siskiyou Mountains salamander
Sonoran Desert toad
Southern long-toed salamander
Southern toad
Southern torrent salamander
Southwestern chorus frog
Southwestern toad
Spadefoots
Spotted chorus frog
Spotted salamander
Spring peeper
Squirrel treefrog
Striped chorus frog
Striped newt
Tailed frog
Tarahumara frog
Tehachapi slender salamander
Three-toed amphiuma
Tiger salamander
Toads
Tongueless frogs
Torrent salamanders
Tree-hole coqui
True frogs and ranid frogs
Van Dykes salamander
Vegas Valley leopard frog
Virgin Islands coqui
Warty coqui
Web-footed coqui
Western narrow-mouthed toad
Western red-backed salamander
Western spadefoot
Western spotted frog
Western toad
Wood frog
Woodhouses toad
Wrinkled coqui
Wyoming toad
Yavapai leopard frog
Yellow-blotched ensatina
Yellow-eyed ensatina
Yosemite toad
881
Ensatina eschscholtzii oregonensis
Batrachoseps wrighti
Rana pretiosa
Hydromantes undescribed species
Pseudacris regilla
Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Batrachoseps pacificus
Ensatina eschscholtzii picta
Rana palustris
Rana grylio
Rana blairi
Spea bombifrons
Eleutherodactylus portoricensis
Rana subaquavocalis
Taricha rivularis
Rana aurora
Bufo punctatus
Rana onca
Batrachoseps relictus
Peltophryne lemur
Rana berlandieri
Eleutherodactylus cooki
Taricha granulosa
Aneides hardii
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum
Batrachoseps undescribed species
Hydromantes shastae
Pseudacris regilla sierrae
Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis
Taricha torosa sierrae
Plethodon stormi
Bufo alvarius
Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum
Bufo terrestris
Rhyacotriton variegatus
Pseudacris regilla hypochondriaca
Bufo microscaphus
Family Pelobatidae
Pseudacris clarkii
Ambystoma maculatum
Pseudacris crucifer
Hyla squirella
Pseudacris triseriata
Notophthalmus perstriatus
Ascaphus truei
Rana tarahumarae
Batrachoseps stebbinsi
Amphiuma tridactylum
Ambystoma tigrinum
Family Bufonidae
Family Pipidae
Family Rhyacotritonidae
Eleutherodactylus hedricki
Family Ranidae
Plethodon vandykei
Rana fisheri
Eleutherodactylus schwartzi
Eleutherodactylus locustus
Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti
Gastrophryne olivacea
Plethodon vehiculum
Spea hammondii
Rana pretiosa unnamed population
Bufo boreas
Rana sylvatica
Bufo woodhousii
Eleutherodactylus wightmanae
Bufo hemiophrys baxteri
Rana yavapaiensis
Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater
Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica
Bufo canorus
882 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Birds Black-headed grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus

Black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla
Acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus Black oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani
Akepa Loxops coccineus Black-necked stilt Himantopus mexicanus
Albatrosses Family Diomedeidae Black phoebe Sayornis nigricans
Alcids Family Alcidae Black rail Laterallus jamaicensis
Alder flycatcher Empidonax alnorum Black skimmer Rynchops niger
Aleutian Canada goose Branta canadensis leucopareia Black tern Chlidonias niger
Allens hummingbird Selasphorus sasin Black turnstone Arenaria melanocephala
American avocet Recurvirostra americana Black-throated blue warbler Dendroica caerulescens
American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus Black-throated sparrow Amphispiza bilineata
American black duck Anas rubripes Blackbirds and allies Family Icteridae
American coot Fulica americana Blackpoll warbler Dendroica striata
American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos Blue-gray gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea
American dipper Cinclus mexicanus Blue-gray noddy Procelsterna cerulea
American golden-plover Pluvialis dominica Blue-gray ternlet Procelsterna cerulea saxatilis
American goldfinch Carduelis tristis Blue-winged teal Anas discors
American kestrel Falco sparverius Bluethroat Luscinia svecica
American peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus anatum Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus
American redstart Setophaga ruticilla Bonapartes gull Larus philadelphia
American robin Turdus migratorius Bonin petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca
American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Boobies Sula species
American wigeon Anas americana Boreal chickadee Poecile hudsonicus
American woodcock Scolopax minor Boreal owl Aegolius funereus
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Brant Branta bernicla
Anianiau Hemignathus parvus Brewers blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus
Antarctic skua Catharcta maccormicki Brewers sparrow Spizella breweri
Antillean mango Anthracothorax dominicus Bridled tern Sterna anaethetus
Antillean nighthawk Chordeiles gundlachii Bristle-thighed curlew Numenius tahitiensis
Apapane Himatione sanguinea Broad-tailed hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus
Aplomado falcon Falco femoralis Broad-winged hawk Buteo platypterus
Arctic peregrine falcon Falco pereginus tundrius Brown booby Sula leucogaster
Arctic tern Sterna paradisaea Brown creeper Certhia americana
Arctic warbler Phylloscopus borealis Brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater
Arizona Bells vireo Vireo bellii arizonae Brown-headed nuthatch Sitta pusilla
Ash-throated flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens Brown noddy Anous stolidus
Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica Brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis
Attwaters greater prairie-chicken Tympanuchus cupido attwateri Brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum
Audubons shearwater Puffinus lherminieri Buff-breasted flycatcher Empidonax fulvifrons
Auks, guillemots, murres, Buff-breasted sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis
and puffins Family Alcidae Bufflehead Bucephala albeola
Avocets and stilts Family Recurvirostridae Bullocks oriole Icterus bullocki
Babblers Family Timaliidae Bulwers petrel Bulweria bulwerii
Bachmans sparrow Aimophila aestivalis Burrowing owl Athene cunicularia
Bachmans warbler Vermivora bachmanii Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus
Bairds sandpiper Calidris bairdii Bushtits and long-tailed tits Family Aegithalidae
Bairds sparrow Ammodramus bairdii Cackling Canada goose Branta canadensis minima
Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Cactus wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
Baltimore oriole Icterus galbula California black rail Laterallus jamaicensis coturnicolus
Band-rumped storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro California clapper rail Rallus longirostris obsoletus
Band-tailed pigeon Columba fasciata California condor Gymnogyps californianus
Bank swallow Riparia riparia California gnatcatcher Polioptila californica
Barn-owls Family Tytonidae California least tern Sterna antillarum browni
Barn swallow Hirundo rustica California towhee Pipilo crissalis
Barred owl Strix varia Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope
Bay-breasted warbler Dendroica castanea Canada goose Branta canadensis
Beldings savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi Canada warbler Wilsonia canadensis
Bells vireo Vireo bellii Canvasback Aythya valisineria
Belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon Cape petrel Daption capensis
Bendires thrasher Toxostoma bendirei Cape Sable seaside sparrow Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis
Bermuda petrel Pterodroma chow Caracaras and falcons Family Falconidae
Bewicks wren Thryomanes bewickii Cardinaline finches Family Cardinalidae
Black-and-white warbler Mniotilta varia Caribbean coot Fulica caribaea
Black-backed woodpecker Picoides arcticus Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis
Black-bellied plover Pluvialis squatarola Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis
Black-bellied whistling-duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Caspian tern Sterna caspia
Black-billed cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus Cassins auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus
Black-billed magpie Pica pica Cassins finch Carpodacus cassinii
Black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris Cassins sparrow Aimophila cassinii
Black-capped chickadee Poecile atricapillus Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis
Black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata Cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum
Black-chinned sparrow Spizella atrogularis Chestnut-backed chickadee Poecile rufescens
Black-crowned night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax Chestnut-collared longspur Calcarius ornatus
Black-footed albatross Phoebastria nigripes Chickadees and titmice Family Paridae
Black guillemot Cepphus grylle
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 883

Chimney swift Chaetura pelagica Ferruginous pygmy-owl Glaucidium brasilianum

Chipping sparrow Spizella passerina Field sparrow Spizella pusilla
Christmas shearwater Puffinus nativitatis Fish crow Corvus ossifragus
Clapper rail Rallus longirostris Flammulated owl Otus flammeolus
Clarks nutcracker Nucifraga columbiana Florida scrub-jay Aphelocoma caerulescens
Clay-colored sparrow Spizella pallida Fork-tailed storm-petrel Oceanodroma furcata
Cliff swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Forsters tern Sterna forsteri
Coastal California gnatcatcher Polioptila californica californica Franklins gull Larus pipixcan
Columbian sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus columbianus Frigatebirds Fregata species
Common amakihi Hemignathus virens Fulmars, petrels, and shearwaters Family Procellariidae
Common eider Somateria mollissima Fulvous whistling-duck Dendrocygna bicolor
Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula Gadwall Anas strepera
Common grackle Quiscalus quiscula Galapagos finches Camarhynchus, Certhidia, Geospiza,
Common loon Gavia immer Pinaroloxias species
Common merganser Mergus merganser Gila woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis
Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus Gilded flicker Colaptes chrysoides
Common murre Uria aalge Glaucous gull Larus hyperboreus
Common nighthawk Chordeiles minor Glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens
Common raven Corvus corax Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus
Common redpoll Carduelis flammea Golden-crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa
Common snipe Gallinago gallinago Golden-crowned sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla
Common tern Sterna hirundo Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos
Common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Golden-winged warbler Vermivora chrysoptera
Coots, gallinules, and rails Family Rallidae Grasshopper sparrow Ammodramus savannarum
Cormorants Family Phalacrocoracidae Gray-backed tern Sterna lunata
Corys shearwater Calonectris diomedea Gray catbird Dumetella carolinensis
Cowbirds Molothrus species Gray-cheeked thrush Catharus minimus
Cranes Family Gruidae Gray-crowned rosy-finch Leucosticte tephrocotis
Creepers Family Certhiidae Gray flycatcher Empidonax wrightii
Crested auklet Aethia cristatella Gray jay Perisoreus canadensis
Crested caracara Caracara plancus Gray partridge Perdix perdix
Crows, jays, and magpies Family Corvidae Gray vireo Vireo vicinior
Cuban (Lesser Puerto Rican) crow Corvus nasicus Great auk Pinguinus impennis
Cuckoos and relatives Family Cuculidae Great Basin Canada goose Branta canadensis moffitti
Curve-billed thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre Great black-backed gull Larus marinus
Dark-eyed junco, including slate- Great blue heron Ardea herodias
colored junco Junco hyemalis Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo
Dark-rumped petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia Great egret Ardea alba
Darwins finches (see Galapagos finches) Great gray owl Strix nebulosa
DeBooys rail Nesotrichas debooyi Great horned owl Bubo virginianus
Dickcissel Spiza americana Great skua Catharacta skua
Dippers Family Cinclidae Greater flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber
Double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Greater prairie-chicken Tympanuchus cupido
Dovekie Alle alle Greater sandhill crane Grus canadensis tabida
Doves and pigeons Family Columbidae Greater scaup Aythya marila
Downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens Greater shearwater Puffinus gravis
Ducks, geese, and swans Family Anatidae Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons
Dunlin Calidris alpina Greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca
Dusky Canada goose Branta canadensis occidentalis Grebes Family Podicipedidae
Dusky flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri Green heron Butorides virescens
Dusky seaside sparrow Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens Green-tailed towhee Pipilo chlorurus
Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis Green-winged teal Anas crecca
Eastern Bewicks wren Thryomanes bewickii altus Grouse, pheasants, and quails Family Phasianidae
Eastern bluebird Sialia sialis Gull-billed tern Sterna nilotica
Eastern brown pelican Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis Gulls, terns, and allies Family Laridae
Eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus
Eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna Hairy woodpecker Picoides villosus
Eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe Hammonds flycatcher Empidonax hammondii
Eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus Harcourts storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro
Eastern wood-pewee Contopus virens Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus
Eiders Polysticta and Somateria species Hawaiian akialoa Hemignathus obscurus
Elegant trogon Trogon elegans Hawaiian dark-rumped petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis
Elepaio Chasiempis sandwichensis Hawks, kites, and eagles Family Accipitridae
Elf owl Micrathene whitneyi Henslows sparrow Ammodramus henslowii
Elfin Woods warbler Dendroica angelae Herald petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana
Emberizid finches Family Emberizidae Hermit thrush Catharus guttatus
Emperor goose Chen canagica Hermit warbler Dendroica occidentalis
Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis Herons, egrets, and bitterns Family Ardeidae
Estrildid finches Family Estrildidae Herring gull Larus argentatus
European starling Sturnus vulgaris Hill myna Gracula religiosa
Evening grosbeak Coccothraustes vespertinus Hispaniolan parakeet Aratinga chloroptera
Everglade snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Hoary redpoll Carduelis hornemanni
Evermanns rock ptarmigan Laggus mutus evermanni Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus
Ferruginous hawk Buteo regalis Horned grebe Podiceps auritus
884 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Horned lark Eremophila alpestris Mexican spotted owl Strix occidentalis lucida
Horned puffin Fratercula corniculata Mississippi kite Ictinia mississippiensis
House finch Carpodacus mexicanus Mississippi sandhill crane Grus canadensis pulla
House sparrow Passer domesticus Mockingbirds and thrashers Family Mimidae
House wren Troglodytes aedon Monarchs Family Monarchidae
Hudsonian godwit Limosa haemastica Monk parakeet Myiopsitta monachus
Hummingbirds Family Trochilidae Mottled duck Anas fulvigula
Ibises and spoonbills Family Threskiornithidae Mountain bluebird Sialia currucoides
Iceland gull Larus glaucoides Mountain chickadee Poecile gambeli
Iiwi Vestiaria coccinea Mountain plover Charadrius montanus
Indigo bunting Passerina cyanea Mountain quail Oreortyx pictus
Interior least tern Sterna antillarum athalassos Mourning dove Zenaida macroura
Island scrub-jay Aphelocoma insularis Mynas and starlings Family Sturnidae
Ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis Nashville warbler Vermivora ruficapilla
Jaegers Stercorarius species Nelsons sharp-tailed sparrow Ammodramus nelsoni
Jungle fowl Gallus gallus New World quail Family Odontophoridae
Kauai creeper Oreomystis bairdi New World vultures Family Cathartidae
Key West quail-dove Geotrygon chrysias Newells Townsends shearwater Puffinis auricularis newelli
Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Nightjars Family Caprimulgidae
King eider Somateria spectabilis Noddies Anous species
King rail Rallus elegans Northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus
Kingfishers Family Alcedinidae Northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis
Kinglets Family Regulidae Northern flicker Colaptes auratus
Kirtlands warbler Dendroica kirtlandii Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis
Kittiwakes Rissa species Northern gannet Morus bassanus
Kittlitzs murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris Northern goshawk Accipiter gentilis
Ladder-backed woodpecker Picoides scalaris Northern harrier Circus cyaneus
Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus Northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos
Lark bunting Calamospiza melanocorys Northern oriole Icterus bullocki and I. galbula
Lark sparrow Chondestes grammacus Northern parula Parula americana
Larks Family Alaudidae Northern pintail Anas acuta
Laughing gull Larus atricilla Northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Laysan albatross Phoebastria immutabilis Northern shoveler Anas clypeata
Lazuli bunting Passerina amoena Northern spotted owl Strix occidentalis caurina
Le Contes sparrow Ammodramus leconteii Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe
Leachs storm-petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa Northwestern crow Corvus caurinus
Least auklet Aethia pusilla Nuthatches Family Sittidae
Least Bells vireo Vireo bellii pusillus Old World finches and allies Family Fringillidae
Least bittern Ixobrychus exilis Old World flycatchers and allies Family Sylviidae
Least flycatcher Empidonax minimus Old World sparrows Family Passeridae
Least sandpiper Calidris minutilla Oldsquaw Clangula hyemalis
Least tern Sterna antillarum Olive-sided flycatcher Contopus cooperi
Lesser Canada goose Branta canadensis parvipes Omao Myadestes obscurus
Lesser goldfinch Carduelus psaltria Orange-crowned warbler Vermivora celata
Lesser prairie-chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus Orange-fronted parakeet Aratinga canicularis
Lesser scaup Aythya affinis Orchard oriole Icterus spurius
Lewiss woodpecker Melanerpes lewis Osprey Pandion haliaetus
Light-footed clapper rail Rallus longirostris levipes Oystercatchers Family Haematopodidae
Limpkin Aramus guarauna Pacific golden-plover Pluvialis fulva
Little blue heron Egretta caerulea Pacific loon Gavia pacifica
Little shearwater Puffinus assimilis Pacific pigeon Ducula pacifica
Little tern Sterna albifrons Pacific-slope flycatcher Empidonax difficilis
Loggerhead shrike Lanius ludovicianus Painted bunting Passerina ciris
Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus Palila Loxioides bailleui
Long-billed dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus Parakeet auklet Aethia psittacula
Long-tailed jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus Passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius
Long-eared owl Asio otus Peales peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus pealei
Loons Family Gaviidae Pectoral sandpiper Calidris melanotos
Lucys warbler Vermivora luciae Pekin duck (see Mallard)
MacGillivrays warbler Oporornis tolmiei Pelicans Family Pelecanidae
Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus
Magnolia warbler Dendroica magnolia Petrels Family Procellariidae
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Phainopepla Phainopepla nitens
Manx shearwater Puffinus puffinus Pied-billed grebe Podilymbus podiceps
Marbled godwit Limosa fedoa Pigeon guillemot Cepphus columba
Marbled murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus Pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus
Marsh wren Cistothorus palustris Pine grosbeak Pinicola enucleator
Masked booby Sula dactylatra Pine siskin Carduelis pinus
Maui creeper Paroreomyza montana Pine warbler Dendroica pinus
Maui parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys Piping plover Charadrius melodus
McCowns longspur Calcarius mccownii Pipits and wagtails Family Motacillidae
McKays bunting Plectrophenax hyperboreus Plain pigeon Columba inornata
Merlin Falco columbarius Plain titmouse Baelophus inornatus
Mew gull Larus canus Plovers Family Charadriidae

Plumbeous solitary vireo
Pomarine jaeger
Ponape greater white-eye
Ponape mountain starling
Poo-uli
Prairie falcon
Prairie warbler
Prothonotary warbler
Ptarmigans
Puerto Rican barn-owl
Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk
Puerto Rican nightjar
Puerto Rican parrot
Puerto Rican plain pigeon
Puerto Rican quail-dove
Puerto Rican screech-owl
Puerto Rican sharp-shinned hawk
Puerto Rican woodcock
Purple-capped fruit-dove
Purple finch
Purple gallinule
Purple martin
Purple sandpiper
Razorbill
Red-bellied woodpecker
Red-breasted merganser
Red-breasted nuthatch
Red-cockaded woodpecker
Red crossbill
Red-eyed vireo
Red-faced cormorant
Red-footed booby
Red-headed woodpecker
Red-legged kittiwake
Red-necked grebe
Red-necked phalarope
Red phalarope
Red-shouldered hawk
Red siskin
Red-tailed hawk
Red-tailed tropicbird
Red-throated loon
Red-throated pipit
Red-winged blackbird
Reddish egret
Redhead
Rhinoceros auklet
Ring-billed gull
Ring-necked duck
Ring-necked pheasant
Rock dove
Rock ptarmigan
Rock sandpiper
Rock wren
Rose-breasted grosbeak
Roseate tern
Rosss goose
Rough-legged hawk
Royal tern
Ruby-crowned kinglet
Ruby-throated hummingbird
Ruddy duck
Ruddy ground-dove
Ruffed grouse
Rufous hummingbird
Sage grouse
Sage sparrow
Sage thrasher
San Clemente loggerhead shrike
San Clemente sage sparrow
San Diego cactus wren
Sandhill crane
Sandpipers and allies
Sandwich tern
Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 885
Vireo solitarius plumbeus Savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis
Stercorarius pomarinus Says phoebe Sayornis saya
Rukia longirostra Scarlet ibis Eudocimus ruber
Aplonis pelzelni Scaups Aythya affinis and A. marila
Melamprosops phaeosoma Scoters Melanitta species
Falco mexicanus Scotts oriole Icterus parisorum
Dendroica discolor Sedge wren Cistothorus platensis
Protonotaria citrea Sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus
Lagopus species Sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus
Tyto cavatica Shearwaters Calonectris and Puffinus species
Buteo platypterus brunnescens Shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis
Caprimulgus noctitherus Short-eared owl Asio flammeus
Amazona vittata Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus
Columba inornata wetmorei Short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris
Geotrygon larva Shrikes Family Laniidae
Otus nudipes Silky-flycatchers Family Ptilogonatidae
Accipiter striatus venator Skimmers (see Black skimmer)
Scolopax anthonyi Skuas Catharcta species
Ptilinopus porphyraceus Snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis
Carpodacus purpureus Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis
Porphyrula martinica Snow goose Chen caerulescens
Progne subis Snowy egret Egretta thula
Calidris maritima Snowy owl Nyctea scandiaca
Alca torda Snowy plover Charadrius alexandrinus
Melanerpes carolinus Solitary vireo Vireo solitarius
Mergus serrator Song sparrow Melospiza melodia
Sitta canadensis Sooty shearwater Puffinus griseus
Picoides borealis Sooty storm-petrel Oceanodroma tristrami
Loxia curvirostra Sooty tern Sterna fuscata
Vireo olivaceus Sora Porzana carolina
Phalacrocorax urile South polar skua Catharacta maccormicki
Sula sula Southwestern willow flycatcher Empidonax traillii extimus
Melanerpes erythrocephalus Spectacled eider Somateria fischeri
Rissa brevirostris Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis
Podiceps grisegena Spotted owl Strix occidentalis
Phalaropus lobatus Spotted sandpiper Actitis macularia
Phalaropus fulicarius Spotted towhee Pipilo maculatus
Buteo lineatus Spragues pipit Anthus spragueii
Carduelis cucullata Spruce grouse Falcipennis canadensis
Buteo jamaicensis St. Croix macaw Ara autocthones
Phaethon ribricauda Stellers eider Polysticta stelleri
Gavia stellata Stellers jay Cyanocitta stelleri
Anthus cervinus Stellers sea-eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus
Agelaius phoeniceus Stilt sandpiper Calidris himantopus
Egretta rufescens Storks Family Ciconiidae
Aythya americana Storm-petrels Family Hydrobatidae
Cerorhinca monocerata Surfbird Aphriza virgata
Larus delawarensis Swainsons hawk Buteo swainsoni
Aythya collaris Swainsons thrush Catharus ustulatus
Phasianus colchicus Swainsons warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii
Columba livia Swallows Family Hirundinidae
Lagopus mutus Swamp sparrow Melospiza georgiana
Calidris ptilocnemis Swifts Family Apodidae
Salpinctes obsoletus Tanagers Family Thraupidae
Pheucticus ludovicianus Taverners Canada goose Branta canadensis taverneri
Sterna dougallii Thick-billed murre Uria lomvia
Chen rossii Thick-billed parrot Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha
Buteo lagopus Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus
Sterna maxima Thrushes Family Turdidae
Regulus calendula Townsends shearwater Puffinus auricularis
Archilochus colubris Townsends solitaire Myadestes townsendi
Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis Townsends warbler Dendroica townsendi
Columbina talpacoti Tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor
Bonasa umbellus Tricolored blackbird Agelaius tricolor
Selasphorus rufus Tricolored heron Egretta tricolor
Centrocercus urophasianus Tristrams storm-petrel (see Sooty storm-petrel)
Amphispiza belli Trogons Family Trogonidae
Oreoscoptes montanus Tropicbirds Family Phaethontidae
Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi Troupial Icterus icterus
Amphispiza belli clementeae Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus couesi Tufted puffin Fratercula cirrhata
Grus canadensis Tufted titmouse Baelophus bicolor
Family Scolopacidae Tule white-fronted goose Anser albifrons gambelli
Sterna sandvicensis Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus
886 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2
Turkey vulture
Typical owls
Tyrant flycatchers
Upland sandpiper
Vancouver Canada goose
Varied bunting
Varied thrush
Vauxs swift
Veery
Vermilion flycatcher
Vesper sparrow
Violet-crowned hummingbird
Violet-green swallow
Vireos
Virgin Islands screech-owl
Virginia rail
Wandering tattler
Warbling vireo
Water pipit
Waxwings
Wedge-tailed shearwater
West Indian ruddy duck
West Indian whistling-duck
Western bluebird
Western Canada goose
Western grebe
Western kingbird
Western meadowlark
Western sandpiper
Western scrub-jay
Western snowy plover
Western tanager
Western wood-pewee
Western yellow-billed cuckoo
Whimbrel
Whiskered auklet
White-breasted nuthatch
White-cheeked pintail
White-chinned petrel
White-crowned pigeon
White-crowned sparrow
White-eyed vireo
White-faced ibis
White-faced storm-petrel
White-headed woodpecker
White ibis
White-necked crow
White-rumped sandpiper
White-tailed eagle
White-tailed ptarmigan
White-tailed tropicbird
White tern
White-throated sparrow
White-vented myna
White-winged dove
Whooping crane
Wild turkey
Willet
Willow flycatcher
Willow ptarmigan
Wilsons phalarope
Wilsons storm-petrel
Wilsons warbler
Winter wren
Wood duck
Wood stork
Wood thrush
Wood warblers
Woodpeckers and wrynecks
Wrens
Wrentit
Yellow-billed cuckoo
Yellow-billed loon
Yellow-billed magpie
Cathartes aura Yellow-breasted chat Icteria virens
Family Strigidae Yellow-crowned night-heron Nyctanassa violacea
Family Tyrannidae Yellow-headed blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Bartramia longicauda Yellow-nosed albatross Thallasarche chlororhynchos
Branta canadensis fulva Yellow rail Coturnicops noveboracensis
Passerina versicolor Yellow-rumped warbler Dendroica coronata
Ixoreus naevius Yellow-shafted flicker Colaptes auratus auratus
Chaetura vauxi Yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus
Catharus fuscescens Yellow-throated vireo Vireo flavifrons
Pyrocephalus rubinus Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava
Pooecetes gramineus Yellow warbler Dendroica petechia
Amazilia violiceps Yuma clapper rail Rallus longirostris yumanensis
Tachycineta thalassina Yunaska rock ptarmigan Lagopus mutus yunaskensis
Family Vireonidae Zenaida dove Zenaida aurita
Otus nudipes newtoni
Rallus limicola Fishes
Heteroscelus incanus
Vireo gilvus Agile damselfish Pomacentrus species
Anthus rubescens Akule Selar crumenophthalmus
Family Bombycillidae Alabama sturgeon Acipenser suttkusi
Puffinus pacificus Alaska blackfish Dallia pectoralis
Oxyura jamaicensis subspecies Albacore Thunnus alalunga
Dendrocygna arborea Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus
Sialia mexicana Alligator gar Lepisosteus spatula
Branta canadensis moffitti Alvord chub Gila alvordensis
Aechmophorus occidentalis Alvord cutthroat trout Salmo clarki subspecies
Tyrannus verticalis Amago salmon Oncorhynchus rhodurus
Sturnella neglecta Amargosa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis
Calidris mauri Amberjack (see Greater amberjack)
Aphelocoma californica American eel Anguilla rostrata
Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides
Piranga ludoviciana American shad Alosa sapidissima
Contopus sordidulus Anchovies Family Engraulidae
Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Angelfishes Family Pomacanthidae
Numenius phaeopus Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus
Aethia pygmaea Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis
Sitta carolinensis Arctic cod Boreogadus saida
Anas bahamensis Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus
Procellaria aequinoctialis Arctic lamprey Lampetra japonica
Columba leucocephala Arkansas darter Etheostoma cragini
Zonotrichia leucophrys Arkansas River shiner Notropis girardi
Vireo griseus Arkansas River speckled chub Macrhybopsis tetranema
Plegadis chihi Armorheads Family Pentacerotidae
Pelagodroma marina Arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stommias
Picoides albolarvatus Arroyo chub Gila orcuttii
Eudocimus albus Ash Meadows pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes
Corvus leucognaphalus Atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius
Calidris fuscicollis Atlantic bonito Sarda sarda
Haliaeetus albicilla Atlantic bumper Chloroscombrus chrysurus
Lagopus leucurus Atlantic cod Gadus morhua
Phaethon lepturus Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus
Gygis alba Atlantic herring Clupea harengus
Zonotrichia albicollis Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus
Acridotheres javanicus Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus
Zenaida asiatica Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Grus americana Atlantic sharks Families Alopiidae, Carcharhinidae,
Meleagris gallopavo Lamnidae, Sphrynidae, and Squalidae
Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus
Empidonax traillii Atlantic threadfin Polydactylus octonemus
Lagopus lagopus Barracudas Family Sphyraenidae
Phalaropus tricolor Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli
Oceanites oceanicus Bayou killifish Fundulus pulvereus
Wilsonia pusilla Bering cisco Coregonus laurettae
Troglodytes troglodytes Bering Sea pollock (see Pollock)
Aix sponsa Bigeye marbled sculpin Cottus klamathensis macrops
Mycteria americana Bigeye scad Selar crumenophthalmus
Hylocichla mustelina Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus
Family Parulidae Bighead searobin Prionotus tribulus
Family Picidae Bigmouth buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus
Family Troglodytidae Billfishes Family Istiophoridae
Chamaea fasciata Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus
Coccyzus americanus Black drum Pogonias cromis
Gavia adamsii Black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci
Pica nuttalli Blackcod (see Sablefish)
Blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 887

Blacknose dace Rhinichthys atratulus Dover sole Microstomus pacificus

Blindfishes (see Cavefish) Eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrookii
Bloater Coregonus hoyi Elasmobranchs Class Elasmobranchiomorphi
Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus Eleotrids Various genera
Blue chromis Chromis cyanea Emerald shiner Notropis atherinoides
Blue chub Gila coerulea Emperors Lethrimus species
Blue marlin Makaira nigricans English sole Pleuronectes vetulus
Blue pike Stizostedion vitreum glaucum Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus
Blue shark Prionace glauca Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas
Blue sucker Cycleptus elongatus Finfish Fish of the Class Pisces [as opposed to
Blue tang Acanthurus coeruleus shellfish]
Blue tilapia Tilapia aurea Flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis
Blueback herring Alosa aestivalis Flatfish Order Pleuronectiformes
Bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris
Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix Flathead chub Platygobio gracilis
Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus Flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon
Bluntnose shiner Notropis simus Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus
Bonytail chub Gila elegans Flounders Order Pleuronectiformes
Borax Lake chub Gila boraxobius Foskett speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus subspecies
Bowfin Amia calva Foureye butterflyfish Chaetodon capistratus
Boxfishes Family Ostraciidae Fourhorn sculpin Myoxocephalus quadricornis
Broad whitefish Coregonus nasus French grunt Haemulon flavolineatum
Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens
Brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus Frigate mackerel (Tuna) Auxus thazard
Brown trout Salmo trutta Fringed filefish Monacanthus ciliatus
Bucktooth parrotfish Sparisoma radians Gafftopsail catfish Bagre marinus
Buffaloes Ictiobus species Gars Lepisosteus species
Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Gila topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis
Bullhead catfishes Family Ictaluridae Gila trout Oncorhynchus gilae
Burbot Lota lota Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum
Butter hamlet Hypoplectrus unicolor Goatfishes Family Mullidae
Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus Gobies Family Gobiidae
Butterflyfishes Family Chaetodontidae Golden shiner Notropis crysoleucas
California golden trout Oncorhynchus aquabonita subspecies Golden trout Oncorhynchus aguabonita
California killifish Fundulus parvipinnis Goose Lake lamprey Lampetra tridentata subspecies
California roach Hesperoleucus symmetricus Goose Lake sucker Catostomus occidentalis lacusanserinus
Capelin Mallotus villosus Goose Lake tui chub Gila bicolor thalassina
Carps and minnows Family Cyprinidae Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
Catlow Valley redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Gray angelfish Pomacanthus arcuatus
Catlow Valley tui chub Gila bicolor subspecies Gray snapper Lutjanus griseus
Cavefish Family Amblyopsidae Graylings Subfamily Thymallinae
Cero Scomberomorus regalis Great barracuda Sphyraena barracuda
Chalk bass Serranus tortugarum Greater amberjack Seriola dumerili
Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Greenback cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki stomias
Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus Greenland halibut (Turbot) Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Groupers Epinephelus and Mycteroperca species
Cichlids Family Cichlidae Grunts Family Haemulidae
Cisco or lake herring Coregonus artedii Gulf butterfish Peprilus burti
Clear Lake splittail Pogonichthys ciscoides Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis
Coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus
Coastrange sculpin Cottus aleuticus Gulf sturgeon Acipenser oxyrhynchus desotoi
Cobia Rachycentron canadum Guppy Poecilia reticulata
Cods Family Gadidae Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus
Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Hake (see Pacific hake)
Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius Hardhead Mylopharodon conocephalus
Columbia River smelt (see Eulachon) Hardhead catfish Arius felis
Common carp Cyprinus carpio Harelip sucker Lagochila lacera
Cookie-cutter shark Isistius brasiliensis Herrings and shads Family Clupeidae
Cowhead Lake tui chub Gila bicolor vaccaceps Hickory shad Alosa mediocris
Crappies Pomoxis species Hitch Lavinia exilicauda
Crevalle jack Caranx hippos Humpback chub Gila cypha
Croakers and drums Family Sciaenidae Humpback whitefish Coregonus pidschian
Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus Hutton Spring tui chub Gila bicolor subspecies
Cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki Inland silverside Menidia beryllina
Damselfishes Family Pomacentridae Interior redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gibbsi
Deepwater cisco Coregonus johannae Jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus
Deepwater flounder Monolene sessilicauda Jacks Caranx species
Deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii Jenny Creek sucker Catostomus rimiculus subspecies
Delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus Kelpfishes Family Dactyloscopidae
Demersal shelf rockfish Sebastes species Kern brook lamprey Lampetra hubbsi
Devils Hole pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis Killifishes Fundulus species
Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma King mackerel Scomberomorus cavalla
Dolphin Coryphaena hippurus Kingfishes Menticirrhus species
888 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Klamath largescale sucker Catostomus snyderi Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepus

Klamath River lamprey Lampetra similis Pacific herring Clupea pallasi
Klamath smallscale sucker Catostomus rimiculus Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata
Kokanee (see Sockeye salmon) Pacific ocean perch Sebastes alutus
Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi Pacific sandfish Trichodon trichodon
Lahontan shiner Richardsonius egregius Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax
Lake chub Couesius plumbeus Pacific staghorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus
Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens Pacific swordfish (see Swordfish)
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush Pacific tomcod Microgadus proximus
Lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis Pacific whiting (see Pacific hake)
Lampreys Family Petromyzontidae Paddlefish Polyodon spathula
Lane snapper Lutjanus synagris Pahrump poolfish Empetrichthys latos
Lanternfishes Family Myctophidae Paiute cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki subspecies
Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides Paiute sculpin Cottus beldingii
Least cisco Coregonus sardinella Pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus
Least darter Etheostoma microperca Pelagic armorhead Pentaceros pectoralis
Leatherjackets Family Balistidae Pelagic shelf rockfish Sebastes species
Leatherside chub Gila copei Petrale sole Eopsetta jordani
Little Kern golden trout Oncorhynchus aquabonita whitei Phantom shiner Notropis orca
Little Kern rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Pikes Family Esocidae
Little tunny Euthynnus alletteratus Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Loach minnow Rhinichthys cobitis Pit sculpin Cottus pitensis
Longbill spearfish Tetrapturus pfluegeri Pitt-Klamath brook lamprey Lampetra lethophaga
Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys Plains minnow Hybognathus placitus
Longjaw mudsucker Gillichthys mirabilis Plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus
Longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae Pollock Pollachius virens
Longnose killifish Fundulus similis Pomfrets Family Bramidae
Longnose sucker Catostomus catostomus Pond smelt Hypomesus olidus
Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus Porgies Family Sparidae
Lower Columbia River fall Prickly sculpin Cottus asper
chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subspecies Pupfishes Family Cyprinodontidae
Mackerel scad Decapterus macarellus Pygmy whitefish Prosopium coulterii
Mackerels Family Scombridae Pyramid Lake cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi
Malheur mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii subspecies Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax
Marbled sculpin Cottus klamathensis Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Margined sculpin Cottus marginatus Razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus
Marsh killifish Fundulus confluentus Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus
Maryland darter Etheostoma sellare Red grouper Epinephelus morio
Masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou Red hake Urophyssus chuss
McCloud River redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus
Menhaden Brevoortia species Redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies
Miller Lake lamprey Lampetra minima Redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus
Millicoma dace Rhinichthys cataractae subspecies Redfish Sebastes species
Minnows Family Cyprinidae Redhorses Moxostoma species
Modoc sucker Catostomus microps Reticulate sculpin Cottus perplexus
Monkey Springs pupfish Cyprinodon species Riffle sculpin Cottus gulosus
Mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii Righteye flounders Family Pleuronectidae
Mountain mullet Agonostomus monticola Rio Grande bluntnose shiner Notropis simus simus
Mountain sucker Catostomus platyrhynchus Rio Grande chub Gila pandora
Mudminnows Family Umbridae Rio Grande shiner Notropis jemezanus
Mullets Family Mugilidae Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus
Muskellunge Esox masquinongy River carpsucker Carpiodes carpio
Mutton hamlet Epinephelus afer River herrings Alosa aestivalis and A. pseudoharengus
Nassau grouper Epinephelus striatus River lamprey Lampetra ayresii
Nehu Encrasicholina purpurea Roanoke logperch Percina rex
Neosho madtom Noturus placidus Rock hind Epinephelus adscensionis
Ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius Rock sole Pleuronectes bilineatus
Nooksack dace Rhinichthys cataractae subspecies Rockfishes Sebastes species
Northern anchovy Engraulis mordax Rough sculpin Cottus asperimmus
Northern bluefin tuna (see Bluefin tuna) Rough silverside Membras martinica
Northern kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis Round goby Neogobius melanostomus
Northern pike Esox lucius Round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum
Northern rockfish Sebastes polyspinis Roundtail chub Gila robusta
Northern squawfish Ptychocheilus oregonensis Ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus
Ocean sunfish Mola mola Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria
Oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus Sacramento blackfish Orthodon microlepidotus
Olympic mudminnow Novumbra hubbsi Sacramento perch Archoplites interruptus
Oopu alamoo Lentipes concolor Sacramento splittail Pogonichthys macrolepidotus
Opakapaka Pristipomoides filamentosus Sacramento squawfish Ptychocheilus grandis
Opelu Decapterus macarellus Sacramento sucker Catostomus occidentalis
Oregon chub Oregonichthys crameri Saffron cod Eliginus gracilis
Oregon Lakes tui chub Gila bicolor oregonensis Sailfin molly Poecilia latipinna
Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Sailfish Istiophorus platypterus
Pacific hake Merluccius productus Salish sucker Catostomus species
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 889

Salmon shark Lamna ditropis Surfperch Family Embiotocidae

Salmons and trouts Family Salmonidae Swordfish Xiphias gladius
Sand roller Percopsis transmontana Tahoe sucker Catostomus tahoensis
Sand seatrout Cynoscion arenarius Tarpon Megalops atlanticus
Santa Ana speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus subspecies Tecopa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae
Santa Ana sucker Catostomus santaanae Thicktail chub Gila crassicauda
Saratoga Springs pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis Thornyheads Sebastolobus species
Sardines Family Clupeidae Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
Sauger Stizostedion canadense Thresher shark Alopias vulpinus
Scrawled filefish Aluturus scriptus Tidewater goby Eucyclogobius newberryi
Sculpins Family Cottidae Tidewater silverside Menidia peninsulae
Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus Tilefishes Family Malacanthidae
Seatrout Cynoscion species Topeka shiner Notropis topeka
Shads Family Clupeidae Troutperch Percopsis omiscomaycus
Shallow-water flatfish Order Pleuronectiformes Troutperches Family Percopsidae
Sheefish (Inconnu) Stenodus leucichthys Tubenose goby Proterorhinus marmoratus
Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus Tui chub Gila bicolor
Sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus Tule perch Hysterocarpus traskii
Sheldon tui chub Gila bicolor eurysoma Tunas Thunnus species
Shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata Umpqua chub Oregonichthys kalawatseti
Shortbelly rockfish Sebastes jordani Unarmored threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni
Shortfin mako Isurus oxyrhinhus Vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens
Shorthead sculpin Cottus confusus Virgin River chub Gila semidnuda
Shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris Virgin spinedace Lepidomeda mollispinus
Shoshone pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone Waccamaw silverside Menidia extensa
Shoshone sculpin Cottus greenei Wahoo Acanthocybium solandri
Shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus Walleye Stizostedion vitreum
Sicklefin chub Macrhybopsis meeki Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma
Silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis Warm Springs pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis
Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis Warmouth Lepomis gulosus
Silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura Warner sucker Catostomus warnerensis
Silversides Family Atherinidae Warner Valley redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies
Skates Family Rajidae Weakfish Cynoscion regalis
Skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris Western brook lamprey Lampetra richardsoni
Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis
Slender chub Erimystax cahni Western silvery minnow Hybognathus argyritis
Slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi
Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu White bass Morone chrysops
Smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus White crappie Pomoxis annularis
Smelts Family Osmeridae White hake Urophycis tenuis
Snake River chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subspecies White sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus
Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat Whitefishes Coregonus species
trout Oncorhynchhus clarki subspecies Whiteline topminnow Fundulus albolineatus
Snake River sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka subspecies Widow rockfish Sebastes entomelas
Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus
South coast fall chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subspecies Winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus
Southeast drum Family Sciaenidae Witch flounder Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma Wood River sculpin Cottus leiopomus
Southern steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss subspecies Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus
Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus maculatus Wrasses Family Labridae
Spearfish Tetrapturus species Yellow bass Morone mississippiensis
Speckled chub Macrhybopsis aestivalis Yellow bullhead Ameiurus natalis
Speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus Yellow perch Perca flavescens
Spikedace Meda fulgida Yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper
Spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares
Spoonhead sculpin Cottus ricei Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri
Spot Leiostomus xanthurus Yellowtail Seriola lalandi
Spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus
Spotted shiner Notropis hudsonius Mammals
Spotted snake eel Ophichthus ophis
Spotted sunfish Lepomis punctatus Aberts squirrel Sciurus aberti
Squirrelfishes Holocentrus species Agile kangaroo rat Dipodomys agilis
Starry flounder Platichthys stellatus Allens big-eared bat Idionycteris phyllotis
Steelhead (Sea-run) Oncorhynchus mykiss Amargosa vole Microtus californicus scirpensis
Sticklebacks Family Gasterosteidae Ancient bison Bison antiquiuus
Striped anchovy Anchoa hepsetus Arctic fox Alopex lagopus
Striped bass Morone saxatilis Arctic ground squirrel Spermophilus parryii
Striped mullet Mugil cephalus Armadillos Family Dasypodidae
Sturgeon chub Macrhybopsis gelida Ash Meadows montane vole Microtus montanus nevadensis
Sturgeons Family Acipenseridae Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis
Suckers Family Catostomidae Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus
Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus Audubon bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis auduboni
Sunapee char Salvelinus alpinus Axis deer Axis axis
Surf smelt Hypomesus pretiosus Badger Taxidea taxus
Bairds beaked whale Berarius bairdii
890 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Bairds shrew Sorex bairdii Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus

Baleen whales Suborder Mysticeti Eastern cougar Puma concolor cougar
Barbary sheep Ammotragus lervia Eastern elk Cervus elaphus canadensis
Barren-ground grizzly bear Ursus arctos richardsoni Eastern mountain lion (see Eastern cougar)
Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii
Bears Family Ursidae Elephant seal (see Northern elephant seal)
Beaver Castor canadensis Elk (see Wapiti)
Beluga whale Delpinapterus leucas Ermine Mustela erminea
Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus
Big free-tailed bat Nyctinomops macrotis Fallow deer Dama dama
Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens
Bison Bison bison Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus
Black bear Ursus americanus Fish Spring pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus abstrusus
Black-footed ferret Mustela nigripes Fisher Martes pennanti
Black rat Rattus rattus Fletcher dark kangaroo mouse Microdipodops megacephalus nasutus
Black right whale Balaena glacialis Florida black bear Ursus americanus floridanus
Black-tailed jack rabbit Lepus californicus Florida mouse Podomys floridanus
Black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus Florida panther Puma concolor coryi
Blainvilles beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris Fog shrew Sorex sonomae
Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus Fox squirrel Sciurus niger
Bobcat Lynx rufus Franklins ground squirrel Spermophilus franklinii
Bottas pocket gopher Thomomys bottae Frasers dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei
Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus Fresno kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides exilis
Bottlenose whales Hyperoodon species Fringed myotis Myotis thysanodes
Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus Gemsbok Oryx gazella
Brazilian free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis Gervais beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus
Broad-footed mole Scapanus latimanus Giant bison Bison species
Brown bear Ursus arctos Giant kangaroo rat Dipodomys ingens
Brown lemming Lemmus sibiricus Giant sea mink Mustela macrodon
Brush rabbit Sylvilagus bachmani Golden-mantled ground squirrel Spermophilus laterallus, including
Brydes whale Balaenoptera edeni subspecies bernardinus and certus
Burro Equus asinus Goose-beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris
Bushy-tailed woodrat Neotoma cinerea lucida Gray bat Myotis grisescens
California bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis californiana Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus
California grizzly bear (see Grizzly bear) Gray seal Halichoerus grypus
California ground squirrel Spermophilus beecheyi Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis
California leaf-nosed bat Macrotus californicus Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus
California mouse Peromyscus californicus Gray wolf Canis lupus
California myotis Myotis californicus Greater western mastiff-bat Eumops perotis californicus
California pocket mouse Chaetodipus californicus Greenland collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus
California sea lion Zalophus californianus Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis
California vole Microtus californicus Ground sloth Family Mylodontidae
California wolverine Gulo gulo luteus Guadalupe fur seal Arctocephalus townsendi
Camels Family Camelidae Harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena
Caribou Rangifer tarandus Harbor seal Phoca vitulina
Cats Family Felidae Harp seal Phoca groenlandica
Cave myotis Myotis velifer Hawaiian hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus semotus
Central American spinner dolphin (see Spinner dolphin) Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi
Cetaceans Order Cetacea Heermanns kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni
Channel Islands gray fox Urocyon littoralis Hidden Forest Uinta chipmunk Tamias umbrinus nevadensis
Clymene dolphin (see Short-snouted spinner dolphin) Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus
Common dolphin Delphinus delphis Hoary marmot Marmota caligata
Collared lemmings Lemmus species Hooded seal Cystophora cristata
Collared pika Ochotona collaris Horse Equus caballus
Colonial pocket gopher Geomys pinetis colonus House cat Felis catus
Columbian black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus House mouse Mus musculus
Columbian white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus leucurus Humboldt beaver Castor canadensis baileyi
Common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae
Coyote Canis latrans Ibex Capra ibex
Creeping vole Microtus oregoni Idaho ground squirrel Spermophilus brunneus
Cumberland Island pocket gopher Geomys pinetis cumberlandius Indian mongoose Herpestes javanacus
Cuviers beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris Indiana bat Myotis sodalis
Dall sheep Ovis dalli Jaguar Panthera onca
Dalls porpoise Phocoenoides dalli Jaguarundi Harpailurus yagouaroundi
Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata
Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel Sciurus niger cinereus Keens myotis Myotis keenii
Dense-beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris Key deer Odocoileus virginianus clavium
Desert bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis nelsoni Killer whale Orcinus orca
Desert Valley kangaroo mouse Microdipodops megacephalus albiventer Kit fox Vulpes macrotis
Dire wolf Canis dirus Lambes horse Equus species
Dolphins Stenella, Steno, and Tursiops species Least weasel Mustela nivalis
Douglas squirrel Tamiasciurus douglasii Lemmings Lemmus species
Dusky-footed woodrat Neotoma fuscipes Lesser long-nosed bat Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae
Dwarf sperm whale Kogia simus Lion Panthera leo

Little brown bat
Lodgepole chipmunk
Long-eared chipmunk
Long-eared myotis
Long-finned pilot whale
Long-legged myotis
Long-snouted spinner dolphin
Long-tailed vole
Long-tailed weasel
Louisiana black bear
Lynx
Mammoths
Margay
Marten
Mastodons
Meadow vole
Melon-headed whale
Merriams chipmunk
Mesoplodont beaked whale
Mexican vole
Mink
Minke whale
Mohave ground squirrel
Moose
Morro Bay kangaroo rat
Mountain beaver
Mountain goat
Mountain lion
Mountain pocket gopher
Mt. Ellen chipmunk
Mt. Ellen long-tailed vole
Mt. Ellen pocket gopher
Mt. Lyell shrew
Mule deer
Muskox
Muskrat
Mustelids
Narrow-faced kangaroo rat
Nelsons antelope squirrel
New England cottontail
Nine-banded armadillo
North American lynx
North American wolverine
North Atlantic beaked whale
North Pacific bottle-nosed whale Berardius bairdii
Northern collared lemming
Northern elephant seal
Northern flying squirrel
Northern fur seal
Northern pygmy mouse
Northern red-backed vole
Northern right-whale dolphin
Northern sea lion
Norway rat
Nutria
Ocelot
Oldfield mouse
Olive-backed pocket mouse
Ornate shrew
Owens Valley vole
Pacific fisher
Pacific marsh shrew
Pacific shrew
Pacific walrus
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Pahranagat Valley montane vole Microtus montanus fucosus
Pale Townsends big-eared bat
Pallid bat
Palmers chipmunk
Panamint chipmunk
Panamint kangaroo rat
Pantropical spotted dolphin
Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 891
Myotis lucifugus Peninsular bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis cremnobates
Tamias speciosus Perdido Key beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis
Eutamias quadrimaculatus Pig Sus scrofa
Myotis evotis Pika Ochotona princeps, including subspecies
Globicephala melas albata, nevadensis, sheltoni, and tutelata
Myotis volans Pinniped seals, sea lions,
Stenella longirostris and walruses Families Otariidae, Odobenidae, and
Microtus longicaudus, including Phocidae
subspecies latus Plains bison Bison bison bison
Mustela frenata Plains harvest mouse Reithrodontomys montanus
Ursus americanus luteolus Plains pocket gopher Geomys bursarius
Lynx canadensis Plains pocket mouse Perognathus flavescens
Mammuthus species Polar bear Ursus maritimus
Leopardus wiedii Polynesian rat Rattus exulans
Martes americana Porcupine Erithizon dorsalis
Mammut species Porpoises Family Phocoenidae
Microtus pennsylvanicus Prairie dogs Cynomys species
Peponocephala electra Prairie vole Microtus ochrogaster
Eutamias merriami Prebles shrew Sorex preblei
Mesoplodon species Pribilof Island shrew Sorex hydrodromus
Microtus mexicanus Pronghorn Antilocapra americana
Mustela vison Puerto Rican hutia Isolobodon portoricensis
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata
Spermophilus mohavensis Pygmy rabbit Sylvilagus idahoensis
Alces alces Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps
Dipodomys herrmanni morroensis Raccoon Procyon lotor
Aplodontia rufa Red-backed voles Clethrionomys species
Oreamnos americanus Red bat Lasiurus borealis
Puma concolor Red fig-eating bat Stenoderma rufum
Thomomys monticola Red fox Vulpes vulpes
Tamias umbrinus sedulus Red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
Microtus longicaudus incanus Red tree vole Arborimus longicaudus
Thomomys bottae dissimilis Red wolf Canis rufus
Sorex lyelli Reindeer (see Caribou)
Odocoileus hemionus Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta
Ovibos moschatus Rhinoceroses Family Rhinocerotidae
Ondatra zibethicus Ribbon seal Phoca fasciata
Family Mustelidae Right and bowhead whales Family Balaenidae
Dipodomys venustus Right whale Balaena species
Ammospermophilus nelsoni Ringed seal Phoca hispida
Sylvilagus transitionalis Rissos dolphin Grampus griseus
Dasypus novemcinctus River otter Lontra canadensis
Lynx canadensis canadensis Roosevelt elk Cervus elaphus roosevelti
Gulo gulo luscus Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis
Mesoplodon bidens Round-tailed muskrat Neofiber alleni
Sabertooth cats Smilodon species
Lemmus species Saddle-backed dolphin Delphinus delphis
Mirounga angustirostris Salt marsh harvest mouse Reithrodontomys raviventris
Glaucomys sabrinus Sambar Cervus unicolor
Callorhinus ursinus San Antonio pocket gopher Thomomys umbrinus curtatus
Baiomys taylori San Diego pocket mouse Chaetodipus fallax
Clethrionomys rutilus San Joaquin kit fox Vulpes macrotis muticus
Lissodelphis borealis San Joaquin pocket mouse Perognathus inornatus
Eumetopias jubatus Sea lions Eumetopias species
Rattus norvegicus Sea otter Enhydra lutris
Myocastor coypus Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis
Leopardus pardalis Shermans pocket gopher Geomys pinetus fontanelus
Peromyscus polionotus Short-faced bear Arctodus simus
Perognathus fasciatus Short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus
Sorex ornatus Short-snouted spinner dolphin Stenella clymene
Microtus californicus vallicola Shrew-mole Neurotrichus gibbsii
Martes pennanti pacifica Shrews Family Soricidae
Sorex bendirii Sierra Nevada red fox Vulpes vulpes necator
Sorex pacificus Sierra Nevada snowshoe hare Lepus americanus tahoensis
Odobenus rosmarus Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens Singing vole Microtus miurus
Sitka black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitchensis
Plecotus townsendii pallescens Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus
Antrozous pallidus Sonoma chipmunk Tamias sonomae
Tamias palmeri Sonoran pronghorn Antilocapra americana sonoriensis
Tamias panamintinus, including suspecies South African fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus
acrus Southeastern pocket gopher Geomys pinetus
Dipodomys panamintinus Southern bottle-nosed whale Hyperodon planifrons
Stenella attenuata Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi
892 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2

Southern sea otter Enhydra lutris nereis Broad-banded water snake Nerodia species
Southwestern otter Lontra canadensis sonora Broad-headed skink Eumeces laticeps
Sowerbys beaked whale Mesoplodon bidens Brown tree snake Boiga irregularis
Sperm whale Physeter catodon Bunch grass lizard Sceloporus scalaris
Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris California black-headed snake Tantilla planiceps
Spotted bat Euderma maculatum California king snake Lampropeltis getulus californiae
Spotted seal Phoca largha California legless lizard Anniella nigra
Spotted skunk Spilogale putorius California mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis zonata
St. Lawrence Island shrew Sorex cinereus jacksoni Canyon spotted whiptail Cnemidophorus burti
St. Matthews Island vole Microtus abbreviatus Checkered garter snake Thamnophis marcianus
Stejnegers beaked whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri Chuckwalla Sauromalus obesus
Stephens kangaroo rat Dipodomys stephensi Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard Uma inornata
Steppe bison Bison priscus Coachwhip Masticophis flagellum
Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba Collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris
Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis Common caiman Caiman crocodilus
Swamp rabbit Sylvilagus aquaticus Common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis
Swift fox Vulpes velox Common kingsnake Lampropeltis getula
Tehachapi white-eared pocket mouse Perognathus alticola inexpectatus Common map turtle Graptemys geographica
Thirteen-lined ground squirrel Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Common musk turtle Stenotherus odoratus
Tipton kangaroo rat Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides Common slider Trachemys scripta
Townsends big-eared bat Plecotus townsendii Common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina
Townsends ground squirrel Spermophilus townsendii Corn snake Elaphe guttata
Trues beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus Couchs garter snake Thamnophis couchii
Tule elk Cervus elaphus nannodes Cuban ground iguana Cyclura nubila
Tundra hare Lepus othus Culebra Island giant anole Anolis roosevelti
Tundra vole Microtus oeconomus Dekays brown snake Storeria dekayi
Uinta chipmunk Tamias umbrinus Desert collared lizard Crotaphytus insularis
Vagrant shrew Sorex vagrans Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos
Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana Desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis
Voles Microtus species Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii
Walrus Odobenus rosmarus Diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin
Wapiti, elk Cervus elaphus Diamondback water snake Nerodia rhombifera
Washington ground squirrel Spermophilus washingtoni Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus
Weasels Mustela species Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon corais couperi
West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus European pond turtle Emys orbicularis
Western jumping mouse Zapus princeps, including subspecies Flattened musk turtle Kinosternon depressus
curtatus Florida pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus
Western mastiff-bat Eumops perotis Florida sand skink Neoseps reynoldsi
Western pipistrelle Pipistrellus hesperus Giant garter snake Thamnophis gigas
Western red-backed vole Clethrionomys californicus Gila monster Heloderma suspectum
Western red bat Lasiurus blossevillii Gilberts skink Eumeces gilberti
Western small-footed myotis Myotis ciliolabrum Glossy snake Arizona elegans
White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus
White-footed vole Arborimus albipes Granite night lizard Xantusia henshawi
White-sided jack rabbit Lepus callotis Great Plains rat snake Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Great Plains skink Eumeces obsoletus
White-tailed jack rabbit Lepus townsendii Green anole Anolis carolinensis
White whale Delphinapterus leucas Green iguana Iguana iguana
Whitebelly spinner dolphin (see Frasers dolphin) Green turtle Chelonia mydas
Wild boar (see Pig) Green water snake Nerodia cyclopion
Wolverine Gulo gulo Ground snake Sonora semiannulata
Woodland bison Bison bison athabascae Gulf salt marsh snake Nerodia fasciata clarki
Woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou Hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata
Woodrats Neotoma species Horned ground iguana Cyclura cornuta
Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Indigo snake Drymarchon corais
Yellow-eared pocket mouse Perognathus xanthanotus Island night lizard Xantusia riversiana
Yellow-bellied marmot Marmota flaviventris, including Kemps ridley Lepidochelys kempii
subspecies fortirostris and parvula Leatherback Dermochelys coriacea
Yellow-pine chipmunk Tamias amoenus monoensis Leopard lizards Gambelia species
Yuma myotis Myotis yumanensis Lesser earless lizard Holbrookia maculata
Yuma puma Puma concolor browni Lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum
Little striped whiptail Cnemidophorus inornatus
Reptiles Loggerhead Caretta caretta
Long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei
Alameda striped racer Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus Long-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii
Alligator snapping turtle Macroclemys temminckii Map turtles Graptemys species
American alligator Alligator mississippiensis Massasauga Sistrurus catenatus
American crocodile Crocodylus acutus Mexican garter snake Thamnophis eques
Banded rock rattlesnake Crotalus lepidus willardi Milk snake Lampropeltis triangulum
Barefoot gecko Coleonyx switaki Mississippi mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis
Big Bend slider Trachemys gaigeae Mojave Desert sidewinder Crotalus cerastes cerastes
Blandings turtle Emydoidea blandingii Mojave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia
Blue-tailed mole skink Eumeces egregius lividus Mona boa Epicrates monensis
Blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia silus Mona ground iguana Cyclura stejnegeri
Bog turtle Clemmys muhlenbergii
 Status and Trends of the Nations Biological Resources Volume 2 893

Monito dwarf gecko Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Santa Cruz Island gopher snake Pituophis melanoleucus pumilis
Musk turtles Kinosternon species Sea turtles Family Cheloniidae
Narrow-headed garter snake Thamnophis rufipunctatus Sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis
New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi obscurus Side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana
Night snake Hypsiglena torquata Sierra garter snake Thamnophis couchii
Northern water snake Nerodia sipedon Six-lined racerunner Cnemidophorus sexlineatus
Northwestern garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides Skinks Family Scincidae
Olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea Slender glass lizard Ophisaurus attenuatus
Orange-throated whiptail Cnemidophorus hyperythrus Smooth green snake Liochlorophis vernalis
Oregon garter snake Thamnophis hydrophilus Smooth softshell turtle Trionyx muticus
Ornate box turtle Terrapene ornata Snapping turtles Family Chelydridae
Painted turtle Chrysemys picta Softshell turtles Family Trionychidae
Panamint alligator lizard Elgaria panamintina Sonoran mud turtle Kinosternon sonoriense
Panamint rattlesanke Crotalus mitchellii Southern rubber boa Charina bottae umbratica
Pine snake Pituophis melanoleucus Speckled kingsnake Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki
Plain-bellied water snake Nerodia erythrogaster Spiny softshell Trionyx spinifer
Plains black-headed snake Tantilla nigriceps Spot-tailed earless lizard Holbrookia lacerata
Plains garter snake Thamnophis radix Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata
Plateau striped whiptail Cnemidophorus velox St. Croix ground lizard Ameiva polops
Plymouth red-bellied turtle Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi St. Croix racer Alsophis sancticrucis
Prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster St. Croix tree snake Epicrates species
Prairie skink Eumeces septentrionalis Striped racer Masticophis lateralis
Puerto Rican boa Epicrates inornatus Striped whipsnake Masticophis taeniatus
Puerto Rican racer Alsophis portoricensis Switaks banded gecko Coleonyx switaki subspecies
Queen snake Regina septemvittata Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum
Racer Coluber constrictor Texas slender blind snake Leptotyphlops dulcis
Red-bellied snake Storeria occipitomaculata Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus
Red-bellied turtle Pseudemys rubriventris Tortoises Family Testudinidae
Red-eared turtle Chrysemys scripta elegans Twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei
Red-footed tortoise Geochelone carbonaria Virgin Islands tree boa Epicrates monensis granti
Reticulate collared lizard Crotaphytus reticulatus Western box turtle Terrapene ornata
Ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi Western cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma
Ringed map turtle Graptemys oculifera Western hog-nosed snake Heterodon nasicus
Ring-necked snake Diadophis punctatus Western pond turtle Clemmys marmorata
Rock rattlesnake Crotalus lepidus Western rattlesnake Crotalus viridis
Rosy boa Lichanura trivirgata Western ribbon snake Thamnophis proximus
Rubber boa Charina bottae Wood turtle Clemmys insculpta
Saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus Yellow mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens
San Francisco garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia [No common name] Cyclura portoricensis