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Lampiran A
Lampiran A
Lampiran A
Rencana Produksi
Kapasitas = 18.000 ton/tahun
Waktu Operasi = 330 hari/tahun
1 hari = 24 jam
ton 1 tahun 1 hari
Kapasitas produksi = 18.000 tahun 330 hari
24 jam
1000 kg
1 ton
kg
= 2272,73 jam
kg
= 2227,23 jam
LA-1
Universitas Pamulang
LA-2
Universitas Pamulang
LA-3
Arus 2 :
*Massa Ethyl Benzene 4 - 5% Styrene (US.Patent 5.929.205,1999)
Ethyl Benzene = 98%
Benzene = 2%
EB = 4,962% x 98% x 944,88 kg/jam = 45,950 kg/jam = 0,43349 kmol/jam
B = 2% x 4,962% x 944,88 kg/jam = 0,93776 kg/jam = 0,01202 kmol/jam
Total Arus 2 = 46,88 kg/jam
Arus 3 :
S = S Arus 1 + S Arus 9C = 1.144,27 kg/jam
EB = EB Arus 1 + EB Arus 2 + EB Arus 9 C = 162,64 kg/jam
B = B Arus 2 + B Arus 9 C = 3,81 kg/jam
Total Arus 3 = 1.310,72 kg/jam
Universitas Pamulang
LA-4
Universitas Pamulang
LA-5
Arus 6 :
*Massa benzoyl peroxide 0,004% dari berat styrene.
(US.Patent 5.929.205,1999)
Arus 7 :
Di dalam R 01 terjadi 2 reaksi :
1. Reaksi antara styrene dan benzoyl peroxide.
Dengan reaksi sebagai berikut :
Tahap inisiasi
Universitas Pamulang
LA-6
Tahap Propagasi
Tahap Terminasi
(-(C7H6-CH3)n - C7H6-CH3-(R)(R-CH3-(C7H6-CH3)n
+ -)
Rantai Styrene yang sedang tumbuh Rantai yang memanjang
Menjadi
(R-CH3-(C7H6-CH3)n - C7H6-CH3 R
Polystyrene
100 0,000156
= 1
kmol
= 0,000156
jam
Universitas Pamulang
LA-7
kmol
=0 jam
kmol
=0 jam
30 11,0028
= 1
= 3,30 kmol/jam
NS Arus 7 = NS - rs
= 11,0028 kmol/jam 3,30 kmol/jam
= 7,70 kmol/jam
Universitas Pamulang
LA-8
FS Arus 7 = NS Arus 7 Mr S
*Massa Benzene
FB Arus 7 = FB Arus 5 = 3,81 kg/jam
*Massa HIPs
FHIPs Arus 7 = F Total Arus 5 + F Total Arus 6 - ( F S Arus 7 + F CPB Arus 7 +
F EB Alur 7 + FB Alur 7)
= ( 2.674,35 + 0,04 ) ( 801,00 + 838,81 + 162,64 + 3,81 )
kg/jam
= 868,14 kg/jam
Universitas Pamulang
LA-9
2.674,39
Tabel LA.4 Neraca Massa di Sekitar Reaktor Pra Polimerisasi
Universitas Pamulang
LA-10
Arus 8
Xs x Ns
rs =
65 x 7,70
= 1
= 5,00 kmol/jam
Ns Arus 8 = N S rS
= 7,70 5,00
= 2,70 kmol/jam
Fs Arus 8 = Ns Arus 8 x Mr S
= 2,70 kmol/jam x 104 kg/kmol
= 280,35 kg/jam
NcPB = NcPB Arus 7 rS
= 5,28 kmol/jam 5,00 kmol/jam
= 0,28 kmol/jam (dianggap habis bereaksi)
*Massa Benzene
FB Arus 7 = FB Arus 8 = 3,81 kg/jam
*Massa HIPs
FHIPs Arus 8 = F Total Alur 14 - (FS Alur 15 + FEB Alur 12 + FB Alur 12)
= 2.674,39 446,80
= 2.227,59 kg/jam
A.5 Devolatilizer ( DV 01 )
Fungsi : Memisahkan pereaktan dengan produk High Impact Polystyrene
berdasarkan perbedaan boiling point.
Persamaan Antoine :
B
Ln ( Pi ) = A - (T +C )
Rumus Kesetimbangan :
yi Pi
Ki = xi = P
Zi
Xi = L+ ki( 1L)
Dimana :
Pi = Tekanan Parsial (mmHg )
T = Temperatur Operasi
A, B, C = Konstanta Antoine
Ki = Konstanta Kesetimbangan Zat i
Universitas Pamulang
LA-12
Massa Mol
Komponen umpan umpan Zi Pi Ki
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Styrene 280,35 2,70 0,63 197,10 0,52
Ethyl Benzene 162,64 1,53 0,36 207,46 0,55
Benzene 3,81 0,05 0,01 1238,88 3,26
Total 446,80 4,28 1,00 1643,44 4,33
Trial error untuk memperoleh xi dan yi
ASUMSI
L/V
Vi = Zi/ xi = (Zi-
Komponen 0,205 1+Wi Yi
(1+Wi) Vi)/L
Wi =
L/V*Ki
Universitas Pamulang
LA-13
L+V=1
L = 0,101
V = 0,899
Arus 9
S = YiS x V x Total Umpan Volatil
= 254,43 kg/jam
EB = YiEB x V x Total Umpan Volatil
= 144,09 kg/jam
B = YiB x V x Total Umpan Volatil
= 3,06 kg/jam
Arus 10
S = XiS x L x Total Umpan Volatil
= 27,06 kg/jam
EB = XiEB x L x Total Umpan Volatil
= 16,13 kg/jam
B = XiB x L x Total Umpan Volatil
Universitas Pamulang
LA-14
= 0,75 kg/jam
A.6 Condenser 01 ( CD 01 )
Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan fraksi uap output top devolatilizer 01 (DV 01) dari
suhu 97C menjadi 30C.
Keterangan :
Arus 9 : Arus top DV 01 ( Input CD 01 )
Arus 9 A : Arus input ACC 01 ( Output CD 01 )
Arus 9 B : Arus top refluks DV 01
Arus 9 C : Arus destilate ke M 01 ( Arus Recycle )
Arus 9 = Arus 9 A
Dimana :
F S Arus 9 = 254,43 kg/jam
F EB Arus 9 = 144,09 kg/jam
Universitas Pamulang
LA-15
Kondisi operasi :
P = 1 atm = 760 mmHg
T keluar DV-01 = 97 C
T Operasi CD-01 = 30C ( 30,5 31,5C)
Menentukan komposisi point to point, Dew Point dan Buble Point dengan trial
a)Menentukan komposisi point to point T = 30,25C dan T = 1 atm
Massa mol
Kompone
umpan umpan Zi Pi Ki
n
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Styrene 254,43 2,4464 0,64 10,36 0,01
Ethyl
Benzene 144,08 1,3592 0,35 10,56 0,01
Benzene 3,06 0,0392 0,01 119,86 0,16
Total 401,57 3,8449 1,00 140,79 0,19
Asumsi L/V
Kompone 0,205 Vi = Zi/
1+Wi Yi xi
n Wi = (1+Wi)
L/V*Ki
Styrene 0,0028 1,00 0,635 0,636 0,57
Ethyl
0,0028 1,00 0,353 0,354 0,32
Benzene
Benzene 0,0323 1,03 0,010 0,010 0,10
Total 0,997 1,000 1,00
Universitas Pamulang
LA-16
Kompone Wi = Vi = Zi/
1+Wi yi xi
n L/V*Ki (1+Wi)
Styrene 0,0030 1,00 0,634 0,6375 0,6226
Ethyl
0,0031 1,00 0,352 0,3536 0,3786
Benzene
Benzene 0,0342 1,03 0,010 0,0089 0,0023
Total 0,997 1,000 1,0035
Wi = Vi = Zi/
Komponen 1+Wi yi xi
L/V*Ki (1+Wi)
Styrene 0,0028 1,00 0,634 0,6364 0,57
Ethyl
0,0029 1,00 0,352 0,3537 0,32
Benzene
Benzene 0,0327 1,03 0,010 0,0089 0,10
Total 0,997 0,9999 1,00
L = 0,205 x 1
= 0,205
D=VL
D = 1 0,205
D = 0,795
Universitas Pamulang
LA-17
Maka :
Arus 9 B
F S Arus 9 B = Xi x L x Total Arus 9 A
= 0,6226 x 0,205 x 401,57
= 51,26 kg/jam
F S Arus 9 EB = Xi x L x Total Arus 9 A
= 0,3786 x 0,205 x 401,57
= 31,17 kg/jam
F S Arus 9 B = Xi x L x Total Arus 9 A
= 0,0023 x 0,205 x 401,57
= 0,19 kg/jam
Total Arus 9 B = 82,62 kg/jam
Arus 9 C
F S Arus 9 C = yi x D x Total Arus 9 A
= 0,6364 x 0,795 x 401,57
= 203,17 kg/jam
F EB Arus 9 C = Yi x D x Total Arus 9 A
= 0,3537 x 0,795 x 401,57
= 112,91 kg/jam
F B Arus 9 C = Yi x D x Total Arus 9 A
= 0,0089 x 0,795 x 401,57
= 2,8705 kg/jam
Total Arus 9 C= 318,9 46 kg/jam
Tabel
Neraca Massa di Sekitar Condenser 01 ( CD 01 )
I.7
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Neraca
Arus 9 A Arus 9 B Arus 9 C
S 254,43 51,26 203,17 Massa
EB 144,08 31,17 112,91 di
B 3,06 0,19 2,87 Sekitar
82,62 318,95
Total 401,57
401,57
Condensor
Universitas Pamulang
LA-18
Keterangan :
Arus 10 = Arus bottom DV 01 (input RB 01)
Arus 10 A = Arus top RB 01 (bottom refluks DV 01)
Arus 10 B = Arus output RB 01 (input C 01)
Arus 10 C = Arus output C 01
Neraca Massa :
Arus 10 = Arus 10 B + Arus 10 A
Arus 10 B = Arus 10 C
Untuk mengetahui suhu pada destilat, maka perlu perhitungan suhu umpan masuk
sampai syarat Ki,Xi = 1 terpenuhi.
P = 1 atm = 14,696 psia = 759,93016 mmHg
Trial : T = 392,58 K
Universitas Pamulang
LA-19
umpan
umpan
n (kmol/jam
(kg/jam)
)
Styrene 27,06 0,2602 0,59 408,49 0,54
Ethyl
16,13 0,1522 0,35 432,05 0,57
Benzene
Benzene 2,04 0,0262 0,06 .2218,54 2,92
Total 45,23 0,4385 1,00 3.059,08 4,03
Kompone Wi = Vi = Zi/
1+Wi yi xi
n L/V*Ki (1+Wi)
Styrene 0,1102 1,11 0,53 0,606 0,5972
Ethyl
0,1166 1,12 0,31 0,352 0,3573
Benzene
Benzene 0,5985 1,60 0,04 0,042 0,0455
Total 0,88 1,000 1,00
Maka,
Arus 10 A
F S Arus 10 A = Xi x V x total umpan volatil
= 0,5972 x 0,88 x 45,23
= 23,77 kg/jam
F EB Arus 10 A = Xi x V x total umpan volatil
= 0,3573 x 0,88 x 45,23
= 14,22 kg/jam
F B Arus 10 A = Xi x V x total umpan volatil
= 0,0455 x 0,88 x 45,23
= 1,81 kg/jam
Total Arus 10 A = 39,8 kg/jam
Arus 10 B = Arus 10 C
F S Arus 10 B = yi x B x total umpan volatil
Universitas Pamulang
LA-20
Tabel
Neraca Massa di Sekitar Reboiler 01 ( RB 01 )
LA.8
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Arus 10 B = Neraca
Komponen
Arus 10 Arus 10 A Massa
Arus 10 C
S 27,06 23,77 3,29 di
EB 16,13 14,22 1,91 Sekitar
B 2,04 1,81 0,23
HIPs 2.227,59 - 2.227,59
39,8 2.233,02
Total 2.272.82
2.272,82
Reboiler
Universitas Pamulang
LA-21
Tabel
Neraca Massa di Sekitar Extruder 01 ( EX 01 )
LA.9
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen Neraca
Arus 10 C Arus 11 Massa
di S 3,29 3,29 Sekitar
EB 1,91 1,91
B 0,23 0,23
HIPs 2.227,59 2.227,59
Total 2.233,02 2.233,02
Extruder
Universitas Pamulang
LA-22
A.9 Dryer
Fungsi : Mengeringkan kristal HIPs dari kandungan 13% filtrat menjadi 2% filtrat
( Perry 3rd hal.832 )
Universitas Pamulang
LA-23
Tabel
Neraca Massa di Sekitar Dryer 01 (DR 01 )
LA.10
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Arus 11 Arus 12 A Arus 12 B
S 3,29 3,29 -
EB 1,91 1,91 -
B 0,23 0,23 -
HIPs 2.227,59 - 2.227,59
5,43 2.227,59
Total 2.233,02
2.233,02
Neraca Massa di Sekitar Dryer
A.10 Screener
Fungsi : Menyaring resin HIPs berdasarkan grade grade tertentu
1
Over Size = 20 x 2.227,59 = 111,38 kg/jam
17
Standar = 20 x 2.227,59 = 1.893,45 kg/jam
Universitas Pamulang
LA-24
Tabel
Neraca Massa di Sekitar Screener 01 (SC 01 )
LA.11
Masuk
Keluar (kg/jam) Neraca
Komponen (kg/jam)
Massa
Arus 12 B Arus 13 Arus 14 Arus 15
HIPs 2.227,59 1.893,45 111,38 222,76 di
Total 2.227,59 2.227,59 Sekitar
Screener
Universitas Pamulang