DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.

KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE.

Warangal 506 015,An Autonomous institute under kakatiya university.

AC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLER USING TRIAC.

 ABSTRACT
This is a triac based AC motor speed controller circuit is designed for
controlling the speed of AC motors like drill machines, fans, vacuums
cleaners, less than 2000W etc. The speed of the motor can be controlled by
changing the setting of potentiometer. The setting of potentiometer
determines the phase of the trigger pulse that fires the triac. The circuit
incorporates a self-stabilizing technique that maintains the speed of the
motor even when it is loaded.
When the motor of the drill machine is slowed down by the resistance of the
drilled object, the counter-EMF of the motor also decreases. This results to a
voltage increase in resistance and capacitance value causing the triac to be
triggered earlier and the speed increases accordingly.
 INTRODUCTION:

What type of AC motors are we talking about ?

Single phase ac motors under 2hp.
Consists of small ac motors found in muffin style fans all the way to your
typical axial ac induction motors for duct air movement.
 Controlling the speed of small AC motors:

What are your options?

RHEOSTAT (Variable resistance type)
VARIAC
MULTIPLE MOTOR WINDINGS.
TRIAC
VFD / INVERTER etc,.
 How does a TRIAC work?
Does not change frequency, but chops the wave, reducing the
magnetic power in the motor and slowing it down.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
DEVICE SPECIFICATIONS:
RATED POWER CAPABILITY 2000 WATTS(Fans,Pumps,vacuum
cleaners,Drill Machines etc).

RATED CURRENT 12 AMPS

INPUT 230 VOLTS,AC SUPPLY

FREQUENCY 50Hz

OUTPUT (0-230)Volts
Snubber circuit:
Protects TRIAC from High dv/dt triggering when the
triac is in not conducting state.

Must be employed for inductive loads to absorb

reactive power.
DISADVANTAGES:
Narrow speed range because of higher minimum delay in
firing triac.
Used for low power ratings of motors only.
efficiency is low in low speed applications.
ADVANTAGES:
Most popular choice in your typical wall-mount knob control
Significant cost savings.
smaller size than other options.
Higher efficiency than variable resistor type.
Low power consumption
APPLICATIONS:
Same circuit can also be used for
LIGHT DIMMERS (intensity control of light).
HEAT CONVERTORS.
REFERENCES:
DE Cattermole, RM Davis, "Triac voltage (speed) control for
improved performance of split-phase fan motors", IEEE Trans
Power Appl Syst 1975, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 786-91.

DA Paice, "Induction motor speed control by stator voltage

control", IEEE Trans Power Appl Syst., vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 585-
91, 1968.
THANK YOU