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Periodicity I (Period 3 Elements) : Name: Date: Block: .
Periodicity I (Period 3 Elements) : Name: Date: Block: .
Block: ………………..
AIM The purpose of this experiment is to study the chlorides of Period 3 elements and classify
them according to structural type and bonding.
INTRODUCTION a) Examine the appearance of each compound and then find out whether it dissolves in
water/ or hexane. If it does dissolve you may detect a temperature change. In
general, a small temperature change indicates a physical process and a large one a
chemical process. This will help you to distinguish between the physical process of
dissolving and the chemical one of hydrolysis when you add these substances to
water.
b) Determine any pH changes that take place when you mix the chlorides with water. A
decrease in pH indicates that hydrolysis has taken place.
c) Finally , consider physical data for each compound and reach a conclusion about its
bonding and structure.
REQUIREMENTS
1
PROCEDURE A. Appearance
Examine the chlorides samples provided. Note for each
a) whether it is solid, liquid or gas
b) its colour (if any)
Record these in the result table provided.
RESULT TABLE
NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl3 S2Cl2
Appearance
(colour & state)
Final temperature
Does it dissolve
pH of solution
Other observation(s)
(if any)
2
On mixing with
cyclohexane
Initial temperature
Final temperature
Does it dissolve
Other observation(s)
(if any)
QUESTION
Complete the table below using your experimental results and the data book provided. Then decide on the structure and
bonding of these chlorides.
Formula of
NaCl MgCl2 AlCl3 SiCl4 PCl3 S2Cl2
chloride
Melting point/
℃
Boiling point/
℃
Physicat state
at r.t,p
∆ H f / kJ mol-1
Conductivity
of liquid
Action of
water
pH of
aqueous
solution
Solubility in
hexane
Structure
Bonding
3
4