Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Data Visualization Portfolio
Data Visualization Portfolio
and
Development
in
Sub-Saharan Africa
By: Jimmy Graham
Terms and Definitions
ODA: Official Development Assistance. This is another term for foreign aid, but it
encompasses very specific sources of development financing. Notably, private donations
are not included in ODA, but money from major bilateral and multilateral donors like the
US and the World Bank (respectively) is. In this portfolio, the terms aid and ODA are
used interchangeably.
Freedom Level: a ranking given by Freedom House that is based on the level of
civil liberties and political rights in a country.
Magnitude of Violence: a score given by the Center for Systemic Peace that is
based on all major incidences of political violence in a country in a given year. Political
violence includes everything from riots to civil war.
Life Expectancy Has Been Increasing in Sub-Saharan African for Decades
Distributions of yearly life expectancies across Sub-Saharan African countries, from 1967-2014
70
Maximum value
60
Life Expectancy
75% percentile
50
Median
25% percentile
40
Year
70
60
Life Expectancy
Mali
50
Rwanda
40
30
Year
70
60
50
40
30
Year
Sources:
Data on life expectancy are from the World Development Indicators: http://databank.worldbank.org/-
data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators
Donors Give Preference to Their Former Colonies
ODA Flows from Donors to Groupings of Former SSA Colonies Show That,
Relative to Other Donors, Governments Assign a Larger Portion of Their Aid Budget to Their Former Colonies*
Other, or Uncolonized
United Kingdom
$1,
516
,00
0,0
00
United Kingdom
Portugal
$47
1,0
00,
000
Portugal
France
$1,8
76,0
00,0
00
France
Belgium
$337,0
00,000
Belgium
50
200
600
Not Free
Partly Free
Free
S.
Malawi
Kenya Tanzania Leone
Ethiopia
Benin
Benin S. Africa Senegal
Togo
Gabon
The Gambia Comoros
Somalia Sudan
Nigeria Zambia Ghana
S. Sudan
Average = 533
Uganda Guinea Angola Botswana
D.R.C. Mauritius
> 1800
1200 - 1799
600 - 1199
< 600
Uganda C.A.R.
C. Verde
Burundi
> 300
200 - 299
100 - 199
< 100
Sources:
Corruption levels are based on the World Governance Indicators: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home
ODA amounts are based on the OECD statistics: http://stats.oecd.org
Aid Flows Are Unpredictable
Highlights of Standout Countries by Category Reveal that
There Are No Strong Predictors for Which Countries Will Receive the Most ODA Per Capita
5
185
365
5 least populated
5 most fragile
5 poorest per capita
5 least corrupt
Sources:
Corruption levels are based on the World Governance Indicators: http://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.aspx#home
ODA amounts are based on the OECD statistics: http://stats.oecd.org
Income levels and population are from the World Development Indicators: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators
Fragility measures are from the Fund for Peace: http://fsi.fundforpeace.org
Debt Relief Once Accounted for Over Half of All Aid in SSA. Now It Accounts for Almost None of It.
Percentage of total ODA spent per year on the largest sectors, from 2002 to 2014
1.00
Humanitarian
Debt Relief
0.75
Agriculture
Education
Proportion of Total
Governance
0.50
Infrastructure
Population
0.00
Year
Source:
ODA amounts are based on the OECD statistics: http://stats.oecd.org
The Largest Aid Disbursements Come in the Form of Budget Relief
The Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative and Similar Subsequent Programs Have Led to Huge Money Transfers in the Form of Debt Relief
Total Amount of ODA Received by Countries Over Time, with the Five Largest Disbursements of Debt Relief Circled and Enumerated
14000
Nigeria
$12,690 million in debt
relief in 2006
12000
Total ODA, in Millions of US$
10000
8000 D.R.C.
$6,461 million
$6,525 million
6000 $4,794 million
4000
Cote DIvoire
$1,673 million
2000
Year
Source:
ODA amounts are based on the OECD statistics: http://stats.oecd.org
Violence Begets Violence
Major Incidences of Violence are Typically Followed by Decades of Conflict
Yearly levels of violence for 4 of the 6 Countries that have experienced the most intense conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa, from 1960-2015
10 Nigerian Civil
The Rwandan Genocide appears to be an excep-
tion to patterns of longevity: 800,000 were
War: 2 million killed in 3 months, and the conflict abated
killed. Violence quickly. But the conflict really just spread
related to the to the DRC.
same underlying
8 problems contin- The Congolese Wars: the worlds deadliest since WWII.
ues today Over 5 million killed.
Angola
6 Angolan Civil War:
800,000 killed Rwanda
over 27 years
D.R. Congo
4 Nigeria