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ENGLESKIprijedlozi
ENGLESKIprijedlozi
ENGLESKIprijedlozi
Ono to se
ui na prvom mestu!
Predlog, kao deo morfologije engleskog jezika, u engleskom igra znaajnu ulogu, a ponekad ini
zaista udo.
Spojeni sa glagolima, predlozi kardinalno menjaju njihovo znaenje, prethodei imenicama menjaju
padee, premetaju predmete u prostoru, odreuju mesto i mnogo drugo. Veta upotreba predloga je
pravo iskustvo.
Zato smo na jednom mestu sakupili osnovne predloge engleskog jezika i pravila njihovog
korienja.
Predlozi koji definiu mesto radnje, lokaciju:
Predlozi u engleskoj reenici ispred imenice ili zamenice, nikad ispred glagola.
The preposition usually comes before the noun or the pronoun. The preposition never comes before
a verb.
Najei predlozi iz ove kategorije su:
in, at, on , koji se mogu koristiti i kod defenisanja vremena, o tome je bilo rei u gore pomenutom
postu.
Ako je neto u kutiji ili nekom drugom veem zatvorenom ili irokom prostoru onda koristimo
in.
If something is contained inside a box or a wide flat area, we use in
in a cup
in a bottle
in bed
in London
Ako je neto u liniji ili horizontalnoj ili vertikalnoj povrini, koristimo on. If something is on a
line or a horizontal or vertical surface, we use on:
on my face
on the page
on a chair
on the river
Ako je neto u nekoj taki deavanja, recimo zgradi, svim vrstama graevinskih objekata
(uglavnom) koristimo at.
If something is at a point, (it could be a building) we use at.
at the airport
at the table
at the cinema
at the bottom
at the top
at the table
at the door
A evo i spiska ostalih, ee upotrebljavanih predloga za mesto, sa najeim, dakle ne i jedinim
znaenjem:
by kod
near blizu
above iznad
below ispod
over preko
under ispod
up gore
down dole
around oko, okolo
through kroz
inside unutar
outside (of) izvan
between izmeu
beside pored
beyond izvan iznad
in front of ispred
in back of iza, pozadi
behind iza
next to pored
among izmeu, meu (obino vie njih)
along du
against protiv
Primeri:
at
She is at school.
She is sitting at my table.
Let us meet at 5 p.m.!
in
He is in the study.
The book is in my table.
Summer begins in June.
It took place in 2002.
This article is written in English.
on
The book is on my table.
The picture is on the wall.
This is an article on history.
I was born on the 5th of November.
from
The train is coming from Moscow.
Take the pencil from the table.
Ill be busy from 10 a.m.
to
We came to Moscow.
They went to the theatre.
Ill be busy from 10 p.m. to 3 p.m.
Give this book to me.
since
Ill have a rest since July till August.
till
Till Friday Ill be very busy.
into
Put the book into the bag.
onto
Put the pen from the drawer onto the table.
before
The accident took place before our era.
after
I went there after the stopped.
about
Please, tell me about him.
Come about 2 p.m.
It was about noon, when she came home.
for
I have lived there for 2 years.
I went for a walk.
That is a present for you.
We left for St. Petersburg at 10 p.m.
during
I was in the countryside during my weekend.
of
All the students of this group passed the exams perfectly.
You must never think of him badly.
with
We write with pens.
He went to the station with her.
His face was pale with fear.
by
This poem was written by Pushkin.
He was standing by the window.
He had already come by 3 p.m.
between
The father divided the apples between his 2 sons.
among
The farther divided the apples among all his children.
except (for)
Everybody likes it except me.
besides
There were 5 boys in the room besides me.
over
A flight over the lake
Over the last five years
below
Below zero
out
My crossbow is already out.
behind
The sun is behind a cloud.
Line zamjenice - Personal Pronouns
Kod glagola "to say" (rei) prijedlog "to" se mora pisati, bilo da stoji ispred ili iza objekta:
I said nothing to him. (nisam mu nita rekao)
I said to him nothing. (nisam mu nita rekao)
etvrti pade line zamjenice za prvo lice upotrebljava se umjesto prvog padea u obinom
svakodnevnom engleskom:
W ho is there? -Me. (ko je tamo? -Ja)
W ho is speaking? - Me (ko govori?)
etvrti pade line zamjenice se takoer upotrebljava umjesto prvog padea u poreenju iza rijei"than":
He is taller than me. (vii je od mene)
Zamjenica "it" moe se upotrijebiti i kao bezlina zamjenica, koja se ne odnosi ni na lice ni na stvar:
It is a cold day, isn't it? (hladan je dan, zar ne)
It seems to me that we shall have rain. (izgleda mi da emo imati kiu)
Zamjenica "it" se takoer moe upotrijebiti da se uvede subjekat reenice:
It was not difficult to understand him. (nije bilo teko razumjeti ga)
It is only my brother who is here in time. (samo je moj brat doao na vrijeme)
mine (moj,a,e), yours (tvoj,a,e), his (njegov), hers (njen), its (njegov) u jednini;
ours (na,a,e), yours (va,a,e), theirs (njihov,a,e) u mnoini.
to wash one's face (oprati neije lice), to dress one's self (obui se)
I did it by myself (sam sam to uinio, bez iije pomoi), ili u izrazu:
as for myself (to se mene tie).
Zamjenice za isticanje (emphasizing pronouns) imaju isti oblik kao i povratne zamjenice i
upotrebljavaju se da se u reenici istakne predmet ili objekt:
He himself did this heroic deed. (lino on je uinio to herojsko djelo).
Pokazne zamjenice this i that mogu biti samostalne samo u apstraktnom znaenju:
This is not true. (to nije istina).
Zamjenica "the same" moe se pojaati sa "the very same" (ba taj isti).
Ako se iza "which" i "what" nalazi imenica, onda su to pridjevi (which - koji; what - kakav):
which man is your brother (koji od ovih ljudi je va brat),
what colour is your bag (koje je boje vaa torba).
Ako su "who" i "what" predmeti u reenici, onda glagol nije u upitnom obliku:
who speaks here (ko ovdje govori)
what comes after spring (ta dolazi poslije proljea).
Relativna zamjenica "as" upotrebljava se za lica, ivotinje i stvari, i dolazi poslije "same" i "such":
bread was given to such as were most hungry (hljeb je dat onima koji su bili najgladniji).
"But" kao relativna zamjenica odnosi se na imena lica, ivotinja i stvari, a upotrebljava se
samo iza negacije:
there is no man here but loves his country (nema ovdje ovjeka koji ne voli svoju zemlju).
Each se odnosi na lica, ivotinje i stvari. Znai svaki od dvojice ili vie njih uzeti posebno.
Glagol je uvijek u jednini: each shows his own card (svaki pokazuje svoju kartu).
Each other ima uzajamno znaenje (jedan drugoga, jedan drugome itd.):
good friends always help each other (dobri prijatelji uvijek pomau jedan drugoga).
"Either" i "neither" upotrebljavaju se za lica, ivotinje i stvari, a znae jedan ili drugi
(ni jedan ni drugi) od dvojice:
either of these two pupils will read the story properly (i jedan i drugi uenik proitat e priu kako treba).
"Either" i "neither" su takoer i veznici, i u tom sluaju upotrebljavaju se sa "or" ili "nor":
either you or your father should pay this money (ili vi ili va otac morat e platiti taj novac).
others drugi
something,
neto
anything
somebody neko
someone neko
anybody neko, bilo ko
anyone neko, bilo ko
everybody svako
everyone svako
everything sve
nobody niko
no one niko
none niko
nothing nita
Neodreena zamjenica "all" upotrebljava se:
a) samostalno: all will come (sve e doi), all is lost (sve je izgubljeno);
b) pridjevski: all hope was lost (sva je nada bila izgubljena).
"Much" se upotrebljava kada je u pitanju velika koliina. Upotrebljava se samo u jednini (kolektivno):
much has been said, but in vain (mnogo je bilo reeno, ali uzalud).
"Many" se upotrebljava za neodreeni broj lica, ivotinja i stvari. Glagol je samo u mnoini:
many will come, and still more will leave (mnogi e doi, ali jo vie njih e otii).
Sve to je reeno za "much" i "many" vai za njihove komparative i superlative (more i most).
"Nobody" i "no one" znae isto i upotrebljavaju se samo u jednini u smislu: niko, nijedna osoba, nijedno
lice:
nobody has come at all (niko nije dolazio uope),
in this work I had nobody's assistance (u ovom poslu niko mi nije pomogao).
"Others" je zamjenica koja se upotrebljava za lica, ivotinje i stvari i javlja se samo u mnoini:
I suggested to go, others said I should stay (predloio sam da odem, drugi su rekli da ostanem).
"Another" se upotrebljava za lica, ivotinje i stvari i javlja se samo u jednini:
one came at once, another after some minutes (jedan je stigao odmah, drugi poslije nekoliko minuta).