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(TCVN 170 - 1989) Ket Cau Thep, Gia Cong Lap Rap Va Nghiem Thu
(TCVN 170 - 1989) Ket Cau Thep, Gia Cong Lap Rap Va Nghiem Thu
Nhm H
Kt cu thp Gia cng, lp rp v nghim thu Yu cu
k thut
Sted structures Fabrication, assembly, check and acceptance Technical
requirements
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2.2. o c, nn v un thp.
2.2.1. o c thp phi dng th|c cun hoc th|c l kim loi c chnh xc cp 2
theo TCVN 4111 : 1985 (Dng c o di v gc. Ghi nhn, bao gi, vn chuyn
v bo qun). Cn ch ti l|ng d| o gia cng c kh v co ngt khi hn.
2.2.2. Nn v un thp cn trnh to vt x|c, vt lm v cc khuyt tt khc trn b
mt.
Khi un, cc chi tit thp cn |c bo nhn mp, ba via v cc |ng cong giao
nhau.
2.2.3. Nn v un ngui thp phi m bo bn knh cong v vng f ca cc chi tit
theo quy nh ca bng 1.
2.2.4. Nn v un cc chi tit lm bng cc loi thp sau y ch |c tin hnh trng
thi nng.
a) Loi C46/39, C44/29 v 38/23 nhit t 900 n 10000C.
b) Loi C52/40 v C60/45 nhit t 900 n 9500C.
Khi nhit h xung d|i 7000C phi ngng gia cng thp. Sau gia cng, thp
phi |c ngui dn sao cho chi tit khng b ti, cong vnh hoc rn nt. Tuyt
i khng dng hn p h quang gia nhit khi nn v un thp.
2.2.5. Khi un thp, |ng knh ba un |c quy nh:
a) Khng nh hn 1,2 b dy chi tit lm bng thp cc bon chu ti trng tnh.
b) Khng nh hn 2,5 b dy chi tit lm bng thp cc bon chu ti trng ng.
i vi thp hp kim thp, |ng knh u ba un phi tng 50% so vi thp cc
bon. Ring thp hp kim C60/45 th |ng knh ba un khng nh hn 3 ln b
dy chi tit v phi lm nhn cc mp tr|c khi un.
Bng 1 Bn knh cong v vng yu cu khi nn v un cc chi tit thp.
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2.3.3. Mp cc chi tit sau khi ct bng dao ct cng phi qua gia cng c kh t|ng ng
vi cc mc 2.3.1; 2.3.2. Mp sau khi ct bng dao ct phi nhn, khng c ra
xm v|t qu 0,3mm v khng c cc vt nt.
2.3.4. Mp cc chi tit sau khi gia cng phi nhn, g gh khng qu 0,3mm. Ring
i vi thp loi C38/23 cho php ti 1mm.
2.3.5. sai lch v kch th|c v hnh dng ca cc mp chi tit gia cng phi tun
theo s sai lch cho php ca cc bn v chi tit kt cu hoc TCVN 1691 : 1975
(mi hn h quang in bng tay. Kiu, kch th|c c bn) v bng 5 ca tiu
chun ny.
2.4. T hp.
2.4.1. Ch cho php t hp kt cu khi cc chi tit v cc phn t kt cu |c nn,
sa, lm sch g, du m v cc cht bn khc.
Khng |c lm thay i hnh dng ca kt cu v cc chi tit khi t hp nu
khng |c cp ti trong bin php thi cng.
Khng |c lm thay i hnh dng ca kt cu v cc chi tit khi lt v vn
chuyn.
Khng |c dch chuyn v lt cc kt cu ln, nng khi chng mi |c hn
dnh, ch|a c b g chng bin dng.
Cc phn t kt cu khi t hp xong v |c kim tra nh|ng ch|a kt thc hn
trong vng 24 gi th phi |c kim tra li.
2.4.2. Khi hn dnh, ch cn mi hn c tit din ti thiu, khi hn chnh mi hn ny
s lm nng chy mi chnh.
Chiu di mi hn dnh i vi kt cu thp loi C52/40 v thp c c|ng nh
hn, quy nh khng nh hn 50mm, khong cch gia 2 mi hn ny khng ln
hn 500mm, i vi thp loi C60/45, chiu di khng nh hn 100mm, khong
cch gia 2 mi hn ny khng qu 400mm v chiu cao khng ln hn 0,5 ln
chiu cao mi hn theo thit k.
Mi hn dnh phi do cc th c cc iu kin nu iu 2.5.3 v phi hn
bng vt liu hn c cht l|ng nh| cht l|ng ca mi hn chnh.
Ch thch:
1) Cc chi tit lm bng thp loi C52/40 v loi c c|ng nh hn, cho php hn
dnh ngoi |ng hn thit k kp gi tm chi tit ny trong khi gia cng (khoan,
un.). Sau khi hn xong cn ty b v lm sch ch hn trn kt cu.
2) i vi lin kt hn t ng hoc na t ng, cho php hn dnh bng que hn c
bn m bo |c yu cu nu ti iu 2.5.1; 2.5.2.
2.4.3. Dng mp vt, kch th|c khe h ca cc chi tit v ca bn ni cng ngh (nu
c) theo TCVN 1691 : 1975 (mi hn h quang in bng tay. Kiu kch th|c c
bn) ring thp loi C60/45 theo ch dn ca bn v kt cu.
Nhng ch ba via v ch g gh cn tr vic lp ghp cc chi tit phi |c ty
phng bng my mi trn tr|c khi t hp.
2.4.4. Khi t hp bng bu lng cn phi xit cht cc bu lng v lm trng cc l cn li
bng nhng cht t hp.
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kht khi xit cht bu lng |c kim tra bng que d c b dy 0,3mm, que
ny khng lm |c su qu 20mm vo khe h gia cc chi tit hoc bng cch g
ba vo bu lng khng rung rinh hoc dch chuyn.
i vi lin kt c yu cu kht cao th khe h gia cc chi tit khng |c ln
hn 0,3mm v que d khng la |c vo khe h gia cc chi tit ny.
i vi nhng thp gc cp i nm trong cng mt mt mt phng, g cnh ca
chng khng |c lch nhau qu 0,5mm ch g, kp v cc mt ca kt cu,
cn cc ch khc khng qu 1mm
2.4.5. Khi t hp tng th k cu c th lin kt ton b cc phn t hoc lin kt ring
bit tng phn ca kt cu. Trong qu trnh t hp tng th cn iu chnh ton b
lin kt k c vic khot rng cc l lp rp v t cc dng c nh v. Phi ghi r
m hiu v vch |ng trc trn tt c cc phn t kt cu.
Khi t hp tng th v bao che ca kt cu tm phi tin hnh ng thi 3 on
vnh tr ln.
2.4.6. Kt cu u tin v kt cu th 10 tip theo ca kt cu cng loi |c gia cng
trn 01 b g lp, phi |c lp th ph hp vi bn v chi tit kt cu.
Khi lp th, phi lp ton b cc chi tit phn t ca kt cu vi s bu lng v cht
khng v|t qu 30% tng s l trong nhm, ring s cht khng nhiu qu 3
chic.
Ch thch: Chu k lp th c th khc vi quy nh trn v tu thuc s tnh ton tr|c
trong thit k.
2.5. Hn
2.5.1. Khi hn kt cu nn s dng cc ph|ng php t ng v na t ng c nng sut
cao, tun th quy trnh cng ngh, nhm m bo cc yu cu v kch th|c hnh
hc v c tnh ca mi hn.
2.5.2. Khi hn phi chn ch n nh. Ch hn phi chn sao cho m bo |c h
s ngu Mn (l t s gia chiu rng b v chiu su ngu h ca mi hn) khng nh
hn 1,3 i vi mi hn gc (hnh 1.a) v khng nh hn 1,5 i vi mi hn gip
mp mt lp (hnh 1.b
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e) Dng x chm v r kh chm, khng qu 5ci trn 1 |ng hn, |ng knh
ca mt khuyt tt khng qu 1,5mm;
g) Tng kch th|c ca cc khuyt tt (r kh, khng ngu, v dng x nm ring
bit khng thnh di);
- Trong tit din mi hn hai mt, khng qu 10% b dy thp nh|ng khng ln
hn 2mm;
- Trong tit din mi hn mt mt, khng qu 10% b dy thp nh|ng khng ln
hn 3mm.
2.5.19. Trong mi hn gc v hn gip ni, cho php tn ti cc khuyt tt r kh v ng
x sau:
a) Khi kt cu chu ti trng ng v chu lc ko: khng qu 4 khuyt tt (vi
|ng knh khng qu 1mm, vi thp mng d|i 25mm hoc khng qu 4% b
dy, vi thp dy trn 25mm v khong cch gia cc khuyt tt khng nh
hn 50mm) trn on di 400mm.
b) Khi kt cu chu nn: khng qu 6 khuyt tt (|ng knh khng ln hn 2mm
v khong cch gia chng khng nh hn 10mm trn on di 400mm.
2.5.20. Khi kim tra xc sut, nu pht hin khuyt tt khng cho php, phi xc nh gii
hn ca n bng cch kim tre thm gn ni khuyt tt. Nu kim tra thm lao
pht hin thy cc khuyt tt khc khng cho php th phi kim tra ton b mi
hn.
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2.6.3. Khoan hoc khot rng cc l lp rp ch |c tin hnh sau khi kp cht hoc
hn cc phn t kt cu.
Cho php khoan l lp rp cc chi tit t hp v cc nhnh khi cc phn t kt
cu |c t hp trn b.
Ch tin hnh khot rng l sau khi t hp xong v kim tra xong kch th|c.
2.6.4. Cht l|ng v sai lch kch th|c l bu lng chnh xc thp, trung bnh v l
bu lng c|ng cao phi tha mn cc yu cu ghi trong bng 6.
2.6.5. Cc l gia cng ti nh my dng cho bu lng chnh xc thp, trung bnh v l
bu lng c|ng cao phi m bo cc yu cu t hp kt cu sau y:
a) Ca lp |ng knh phi nh hn |ng knh danh nh ca l 1,5mm v phi t
lt 75% s l. Nu t hn 75% th phi t hp v kim tra li;
b) Sau khi t hp li, nu s l t lt vn t hn 75% th cho php khot l rng
vi |ng knh ln hn, sau kim tra li bn ca lin kt bng tnh ton.
2.6.6. Cht l|ng v v tr cc l lp rp phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Phi c trn 85% ca lp |ng knh x qua |c cc l lp rp. Nu d|i 85%
hoc khng tha mn cc yu cu ghi trong bng 6 th phi kim tra li vic t
hp cc phn t kt cu. Sau kim tra m cht l|ng vn khng p ng |c yu
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Bng 6 - Cht l|ng v sai lch cho php v l bu lng chnh xc thp,
trung bnh v l bu lng c|ng cao
Tn gi cc sai lch |ng Sai lch cho S l|ng sai lch cho php
knh l php (mm) mi nhm
(mm)
Thp cc T thp loi
bon C60/45 thp hp
kim thp c
c|ng nh hn
1. Sai lch |ng knh v 17 T 0 n + 0,6 Khng Khng hn ch
van ca l bu lng T 0 n 1,5 hn ch
2. St m l vi kch th|c ln - - -nt- Khng hn ch
hn 1mm v nt mp l
3. khng trng kht cc l n 50%
khi lp cc chi tit thnh cm - - n 50%
nh hn 1mm.
T 1 n 1,5mm - - n 10% n 10%
4. Sai lch khot su - +0,4 Khng Khng hn ch
hn ch
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Bng 7 Sai lch cho php v kch th|c di cc chi tit kt cu.
Cc kch th|c v cng ngh Sai lch kch th|c cho php so vi thit k (mm)
thc hin cc cng on Cc khong kch th|c, (m)
1,5 2,5 4,5 9 15 21
< 1,5 n n n n n n > 27
2,5 4,5 9 15 21 27
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
I. Cc chi tit lp rp
1. Chiu di v chiu rng chi tit
a) ct th cng xy theo |ng 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 - -
k
b) Ct na t ng v t ng 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 - -
xy theo khun mu hoc bng
my ct theo |ng k
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Ch thch:
1) Kch th|c mc I.1.c, d; I.2.a; II.4.a; III phi o bng th|c cun c chnh xc cp
2.
Kch th|c mc khc phi o bng th|c cun c chnh xc cp 3.
2) i vi mp trng mc I.1.a-, cho php sai lch kch th|c +5mm.
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Ch thch:
1) Cc tr s c du (*) t|ng ng vi khe h cho php theo TCVN 75 (mi hn h
quang in bng tay. Kiu kch th|c c bn) nh|ng khng ln hn tr s ghi trong bng
8 ca tiu chun ny.
2) Khe h gia b mt phay v cnh ca th|c thp khng |c ln hn 0,3mm.
3. Lp rp kt cu thp.
3.1. Ch dn chung.
3.1.1. Lp rp kt cu thp cn phi theo ng thit k.
3.1.2. Cng vic thi cng lp rp tip theo ch |c php tin hnh sau khi lm xong
mi cng vic t hp, hn v lp bu lng.
3.1.3. Qu trnh lp rp kt cu thp nn |c c gii ha, nh| vn chuyn, t hp
khuych i v lp t.
3.1.4. H|ng dn lp rp phi do ng|i |c php thi cng lp rp m nhim.
3.1.5. Ph|ng php lp rp ch yu nn lp rp theo blc ln (k c ph|ng php lp rp
dy chuyn), ph|ng php ny khng ch dnh ring cho kt cu thp v p dng
cho c lp rp cc phn khc ca nh v cng trnh.
3.1.6. Trong lp rp, tt c cc cng vic ct, nn, un, t hp khuych i, hn, to l
phi tun theo cc quy nh ca tiu chun ny.
3.1.7. Trong qu trnh thi cng, phi ghi nht k cng vic lp rp, hn v lp bu lng
c|ng cao.
3.2. Cng tc chun b v cc yu cu v mng.
3.2.1. Chun b cn thit cho cng tc lp rp (dng nh tm, cng trnh ph, lp t
|ng ray, |ng t, |ng cho cu, |ng in, mt bng lp rp) phi |c
tin hnh tr|c khi lp rp v theo ng cc yu cu v t chc thi cng.
Cc thit b lp rp phi |c tp kt v vn hnh th tr|c khi lp rp.
3.2.2. Ch cho php bt u thi cng lp rp sau khi chun b xong mt bng v v tr
cc gi ta kt cu thp ca ton b cng trnh hay tng phn kt cu ring bit
theo bin php thi cng |c duyt.
3.2.3. S hiu trc nh v lp rp |c ghi pha ngoi |ng bin ca trc gi kt cu.
S phn b cc trc nh v v cc mc chun b phi |c tin hnh theo ng
yu cu trc c trong xy dng.
3.2.4. Sai lch v tr cc trc nh v ca mng v v tr ca cc tr khc so vi kch
th|c thit k |c quy nh trong bng 9.
3.2.5. Cc chi tit t sn v cc bu lng neo dng kp cht v lp rp kt cu phi
|c t v b tng ng thi vi vic lm mng.
3.2.6. Vic dng ct trn mng thc hin nh| sau:
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3.4.4. Khi nng cc kt cu b cong cn phi c dng c g hoc gia c|ng nhm
chng bin dng d| cho kt cu.
3.4.5. Tr|c khi tho khi mc cu, cc phn t kt cu phi |c c nh chc chn
bng bu lng, bng cht, hn nh, ng thi phi dng cc thanh ging, thanh
chng, thanh neo c nh hoc tm thi theo ph|ng n thi cng.
3.4.6. Khi lp t kt cu, cc l lin kt bu lng c chnh xc cao phi |c lp bng
bu lng tm. S l|ng bu lng lp tm khng |c t hn 1/3 tng s l. Nu trong
mt mt kt cu c s l t hn hoc bng 5 th s bu lng lp tm khng t hn 2.
Cc l lin kt bng bu lng c chnh xc trung bnh v thp cng phi lp bng
bu lng tm vi s l|ng nh| trn.
3.4.7. Trong lin kt hn lp rp c tnh n tc dng ca ti trng lp rp th s l|ng
tit din v chiu di cc im hn nh phi xc nh bng tnh ton. Cn trong
lin kt khng chu ti trng lp rp th quy nh chiu di hn nh khng nh
hn 10% chiu di mi hn thit k, nh|ng khng ngn hn 50mm.
3.4.8. Lp t, iu chnh v c nh kt cu phi |c kim tra bng dng c v theo
tin trnh lp rp tng phn khng gian cng ca cng trnh.
3.4.9. Hn v lp rp cc bu lng c nh trong ch |c thc hin sau khi kim tra
chnh xc ca v tr lp t kt cu trong cng trnh.
3.4.10. Ch |c php g lp palng, h thng dy dn v cc thit b cu trc vo kt cu
lp t khi bin php thi cng ny |c c quan thit k ng .
3.4.11. Vic lp rp cc chi tit ca thit b in, |ng ng cng ngh, h thng tn
hiu vo kt cu phi |c s ng ca c quan thit k.
3.4.12. Lp rp nh v cng trnh kch th|c ln phi tin hnh ng b gia tng l v
phn khng gian cng cng vi vic lp t tt c cc chi tit kt cu. ng thi
cho php |c thc hin cc cng vic tip theo trn tng phn hoc blc lp
xong. Kch th|c cc khi khng gian cng |c xc nh theo ph|ng n thit k
thi cng.
3.5. Lin kt bng bu lng c chnh xc thp, trung bnh v cao.
3.5.1. u bu lng v cu ca bu lng th|ng v bu lng neo phi bt cht kht vi cc
phn t kt cu v rng en (khng qu 2 ci u v 1 ci cu). Nu c tip
xc vi mt phng nghing th phi t cc rng en xin. Cn ch rng, phn
thn cu bu lng c nh nh ra khi l phi l phn |c ren v sau khi bt
cht bu lng phi c t nht 1 vng ren nh ra khi cu.
3.5.2. Vic xit cht cu cc bu lng c nh v bu lng neo phi theo ng ch dn
trong bn v thi cng bng cch t cc cu hm.
xit cht bu lng c nh phi |c kim tra bng cch g ba, bu lng khng
b rung hoc lch dch. xit cht |c kim tra theo quy nh iu 2.4.4.
3.6. Lin kt bng bu lng c|ng cao.
3.6.1. Tr|c khi lp bu lng c|ng cao phi lm sch v mt cc chi tit, hoc bng
ngn la (khi b dy thp khng nh hn 5mm v ch khng lm thp b qu
nhit(, hoc bng cht thp.
Phi kim tra b mt gia cng tr|c khi lin kt bu lng c|ng cao.
3.6.2. so lch b dy gia cc chi tit gip mi |c kim tra bng th|c v que d.
Vic kim tra ny |c tin hnh dy l u tin. Nu lch nm trong khong
t 0,5 n 3mm th mp chi tit b li ln phi |c vt vi dc 1/10.
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Khng cho php vt bng xy hoc bng h quang khng kh. Nu so lch ln
hn 3mm th phi dng cc tm m thp c cng mc vi thp kt cu.
3.6.3. Lin kt bng bu lng c|ng cao phi |c t hp bng bu lng c nh.
Khng |c php dng cc bu lng tm thi.
3.6.4. Th lp rp bu lng c|ng cao phi |c chuyn trch ho.
3.6.5. Bu lng c|ng cao, cu v rng en cn |c lm sch cc cht bn, du m
tr|c khi lp rp.
3.6.6. Phi m bo xit ca bu lng theo thit k bng cl lc, cu |c xit ti m
men xon tnh ton hoc ti mt gc quy nh. Cl lc gm 2 loi, cl thu lc
v cl c hc. Phi hiu chun cl 2 ln trong ca lm vic ( u v gia ca).
3.6.7. Trnh t xit bu lng c|ng cao phi bo m cht kht ca ton cm.
3.6.8. Phi t cc rng en |c x l nhit cu v u bu lng c|ng cao nh|
sau: Mt ci cu v mt ci u bu lng.
3.6.9. Khi cu |c xit cht ti mt gc quy nh th khng |c xit thm na.
3.6.10. Trong kt cu va c lin kt bu lng va c lin kt hn th ch |c php hn sau
khi lp v xit cht ton b bu lng.
3.6.11. Sau khi xit cht bu lng, th lp rp phi ghi r s hoc k hiu ca mnh vo .
3.6.12. xit ca bu lng phi |c kim tra 100% i vi lin kt c s bu lng khng
qu 5 ci, lin kt c t 6 n 20 bu lng kim tra khng t hn 5 ci, lin kt c
nhiu hn 20 bu lng kim tra 25% s bu lng.
Nu khi kim tra pht hin d ch mt bu lng c xit cht khng t yu cu
th phi kim tra 100% s bu lng, ng thi phi xit cht thm bu lng ti tr s
quy nh.
Kim tra xong cc u bu lng phi |c sn li. Phi ghi vo nht k cng trnh
vic chun b cc mp chi tit v lp rp bu lng c|ng cao.
3.7. To ng sut tr|c trong kt cu.
3.7.1. Tr|c khi to ng sut tr|c trong kt cu, cp thp phi |c ko cng vi mt
lc bng 0,5 ln lc kp t.
3.7.2. i vi kt cu |c to ng sut tr|c bng cch ko cng th phi tha mn cc
yu cu sau:
a) Kp cng cc phn t lm bng cp thp trn b trn b vi lc ln hn 20%
lc thit k v gi trng thi ny trong thi gian 1 gi. Vic ko cng cp
trong khi lp rp cn |c ghi chp bng vn bn, cn ko cng ti x nghip
gia cng cn c du ca b phn KCS.
b) To ng sut cho kt cu theo trnh t ko cng cp ti 50% ng sut thit k
v gi trng thi ny trong thi gian 10 pht quan st, o, sau ko cng
thp ti ng sut thit k, sai lch cho php v ng sut cc b|c ko cng l
5%. Trong tr|ng hp c bit, khi |c thit k cho php c th ko cng cp
theo nhiu b|c cho ti ng sut thit k;
c) Kim tra trng thi ca kt cu |c tin hnh trong qu trnh lp rp mi
thi im trung gian v thi im kt thc.
3.7.3. ng sut tr|c ca kt cu |c to bng ph|ng php un cong phi kim tra
bng cch o thu chun v tr gi cc im quy nh, cng nh| thu chun kch
th|c hnh hc kt cu. Cc sai lch cho php phi ph hp vi thit k.
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