PUSAT PENDIDIKAN PROFESIONAL & LANJUTAN (PACE)

UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN JARAH JAUH (PJJ)
(APRIL SEMESTER 2016/2017 SESSION)

SBLE2103 !
PROCESS WRITING
MEETING 1
NURUL AKMAL AB HALIM!
JA161
 Introduction
Teaching Approach Assessment
Lecture Coursework 60%
Discussion Final Examination 40%
Task based activities
Genre-Based Writing
Online Discussion

Coursework 60%
Quiz (summary) 20%
Written Assignment 5%
Writing Portfolio 20%
Oral Presentation 15%
Scheme of Work
MEETING 1!
1.0 ELEMENTS OF PROCESS WRITING!
2.0 DEVELOPING/ WRITING A PARAGRAPH!
3.0 DEVELOPING THE FIVE PARAGRAPH ESSAY!
4.0 PATTERNS OF EXPOSITORY ESSAY ORGANIZATION!
7.0 APA SYSTEM OF REFERENCING !

CHAPTER 1
1.0 Elements of Process Writing

Step 1: Pre-Writing
Getting your thoughts down on
paper
Step 2: Drafting
Putting your thoughts together in
sentences and paragraphs
Step 3: Revising
Rewriting sentences to make
sense
Step 4: Editing
Correcting grammar and
punctuation
Step 5: Presenting
Sharing your work
CHAPTER 2
Practice: "
Basic Sentence Structure
Can you write simple sentences?

S-V = Subject-Verb
Cinderella cries. Ronaldo is sleeping.
S-V-O = Subject-Verb-Object
She loves diamonds. He is eating an apple.
S-V-Adj = Subject-Verb-Adjective
He is funny. The students are hardworking.
S-V-Adv = Subject-Verb-Adverb
She is walking slowly. The students are here.
S-V-N = Subject-Verb-Noun
He is my son. The men are professional golfers.
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph

Next, a quality daycare centre can be a very enriching

experience for your child. In fact, a good centre can provide
many activities, social interactions, and experiences that
simply cannot be done in a home environment because of
the expense of the materials and the startup time involved.
For example, the daycare centre that I take my children to
has no televisions anywhere and they set up a schedule of
activities for the children each day. Honestly, I could not
match them in a home environment. Thus, sending children
to a daycare has helped to enrich my childrens experience.
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph

What is a paragraph?
A basic unit of organization in writing in which a group of related
sentences develop one main idea.

A group of sentences that discuss smaller idea.

Has three main parts:

An introduction/ a topic sentence

A body/supporting sentences

A conclusion

 2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
Topic !
sentence One of UUMs top priorities is for its students, as well as its teachers, to
perform to a high standard. UUM is known for its excellence in academics
due to its teachers and students. For instance, each student at UUM is
required to take a very challenging university curriculum. Some students
expand their learning experience through elective courses, which enhance
their opportunities of being accepted into prestigious colleges for
postgraduate studies. The courses at the university are taught by some of
the finest lecturers. Each lecturers/professor is filled with creativity and
Supporting knowledge;
! more than 60 percent have attained masters degrees, and
sentences some even have acquired their Ph.D.s, showing their own values for
excellence in education. It is the students and the teachers together who
help make UUM a top academic university.

Concluding sentence
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
Topic !
sentence

One benefit of TV is it is a source of information. This is

because TV oers a lot of dierent channels that provide a
variety of information. For example, CNN is a channel provides
news of current events that can keep viewers abreast with
what is going on in the world. While, National Geographic
channel provides information on animals, nature, places,
Supportinghistory,
! science, engineering, people, exploration and many
sentences other things. As mentioned before, TV can benefit people in
terms of its function as a source of information.

Concluding sentence
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
TOPIC SENTENCE
States the main idea of the paragraph

Usually the first sentence in a paragraph

Summarizes the main idea of your paragraph.
Indicates to the reader what your paragraph will be
about.
States the controlling idea.

One benefit of TV is it is a source of information.
TOPIC CONTROLLING IDEA

A topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specic
Too general: Fast food is terrible.
Too specic: Fast food is tasteless and greasy because it uses too many canned, frozen, and
prepackaged foods and because everything is fried in oil or butter.
Good: Fast food is tasteless and greasy.
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
SUPPORTING SENTENCE
What are supporting sentences?
They come after the topic sentence, making up the
body of a paragraph.

What do they do?
They give details to develop and support the main idea
of the paragraph.

How do I write them?
You should give supporting facts, details, and
examples. Or SAERA
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
SUPPORTING SENTENCE

Firstly, English is the chosen language of international

communication. English has ocial or special status in at
least seventy five countries with a total population of over
two billion. Speakers of English as a second language
probably outnumber those who speak it as a first language.
It is believed that one out of four of the world's population
speaks English while the demand from the other three-
quarters is increasing. English is used by a large number of
speakers worldwide and plays an important role in international
communication.
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
CONCLUDING SENTENCE

What is the concluding sentence?

The concluding sentence is the last sentence in
a paragraph.

What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph.

How do I write one?
Restate the main idea of the paragraph using
dierent words.
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
CONCLUDING SENTENCE

Another reason why watching TV has more advantages
than disadvantages is because TV is a source of
entertainment. In our lives, we need some entertainment.
Watching TV is one of the ways for us to relax after work or
study. TV is also a good cure during hard times because it
can distract our mind from thinking about things that we are
trying to get out of our mind. We can enjoy and laugh
watching some programs like Americas Funniest Home
Videos and so on. Thus, watching is not all about negativity.
It can benefit us in various ways. As mentioned before, TV is
a good source of getting entertainment.
2.0 Developing/Writing a Paragraph
CONCLUDING SENTENCE
End of Paragraph Signals

Followed by a comma Not followed by a comma

Finally, In a nutshell, To We can see that
conclude It is clear that
In conclusion, In sum, These examples show that
In summary, There can be no doubt that
Therefore, The evidence suggests that
Thus,
As a result,
Indeed,
In brief,
In short,
EXERCISE!

Write a paragraph on any of these topics:

Time is more valuable than money

Benefit of social media for business

Men are better drivers than women

CHAPTER 3
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
1. What is an introduction paragraph?
The introduction paragraph is the first paragraph of your essay.

2. What does it do?
It introduces the main idea of your essay. A good opening paragraph
captures the interest of your reader and tells why your topic is
important.

3. How do I write one?
Provide some background information about your topic. You can
use interesting facts, quotations, or definitions of important terms
you will use later in the essay.
Write the thesis statement. The main idea of the essay is stated in a
single sentence called the thesis statement. You must limit your
entire essay to the topic you have introduced in your thesis
statement.
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
THESIS STATEMENT
A thesis statement is the main idea of an essay.
It is often a point you want to argue or support in an essay.
SO
The thesis statement explains to a reader the main idea of
the essay, and the writers opinion on that idea.
Thesis statements should:

Contain a topic
(main idea of what you are writing about)
+
Contain 3 sub topics
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
THESIS STATEMENT

Time is more valuable than money because it is

limited, unredeemable and non-transferable.

Facebook is addictive because it fulfils our
social needs, cures our boredom and gets us
connected with friends and families.
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
INTRODUCTION
The introduction to an essay is a very important
section, in that it sets the expectations of the
reader.

An introduction should have 2 parts:
General statement /
background information
Thesis statement

3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
INTRODUCTION
The pursuit of an excellent education is as important for a
student as finding gold is for a prospector. The region of
Northern Peninsular Malaysia is filled with some of the finest
public universities in the country. University of Science (USM),
University of Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) and Mara University of
Technology (UiTM) are some of the most recognized public
universities within this area. Among these and other fine
universities is Northern University of Malaysia also famously
known as UUM, which opened its doors in 1984 UUM is
considered to be an outstanding university because of its
excellence in academics, athletics, and social opportunities.
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
INTRODUCTION

Strategies:

General-to-specific/Funnel approach
Definition/Explanation
Set the scene
Problem-solution
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
BODY PARAGRAPH
1. What are body paragraph?
Supporting paragraphs make up the main body of your essay. They
are the middle paragraphs that appear after the introduction
paragraphand before the conclusion paragraph.

2. What do they do?
They develop the main idea of your essay by establishing subtopics
of the main idea. One subtopic is discussed per body paragraph.

3. How do I write them?
List the points that develop the main idea of your essay.
Place each supporting point in its own paragraph.
Develop each supporting point with facts, details, and examples.
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
BODY PARAGRAPH

Strategies:

S statistics
A anecdote
E examples
R reasons
A authority
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
BODY PARAGRAPH
Not only does UUM succeed in its academics, but the
athletic programs are incredibly strong. Each team is blessed
with competitive players who are dedicated to their sport, but
at the same time, they are concerned about their studies.
Recently, the girls varsity basketball team won the State
Championship two years in a row. UUM also achieved athletic
notoriety through recent state championships in boys football,
boys and girls hockey. In addition, UUMs crew teams
compete successfully on a national level, recently winning a
national championship for the boys. Being able to perform at a
high level in athletics and academics is a rare combination.
 3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
CONCLUSION
1. What is a conclusion paragraph?
The conclusion paragraph comes at the end of your essay after you have
finished developing your ideas.

2. What does it do?
It summarizes or restates the main idea of the essay. You want to leave the
reader with a sense that your essay is complete.

3. How do I write one?
Conclude your essay by restating the main idea in dierent words.
Restate the strongest points of your essay that support your main idea.
Give your personal opinion or suggest a plan for action.
Make a reference to your introduction
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
CONCLUSION

A conclusion should reinforce your thesis

statement, help your reader better
understand what he or she has already read
and provide a sense of closure or ending for
your essay. You should end your essay by
leaving an impact on the reader.
3.0 Developing the Five Paragraph
Essay
CONCLUSION

Strategies:

Suggestions
Prediction
Quotation
CHAPTER 4
 Introvert or Extrovert
Which one are you?

Answer this question, and support your answer
with a few sentences that uses examples to
explain or clarify your answer.
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY

An exemplication essay uses one or more

specic examples to illustrate or explain a
general or abstract point.

Exemplify = To provide examples about

something.
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY

Types of exemplication essay:

To explain a point by showing some examples.
The three primary weapons used in World War I
were mustard gas, the machine gun and artillery.
To justify an argument by using some examples
to support the arguments.
World War I weapons were not eective because
they were not really destructive, dicult to operate
and easily become expired.
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY

Each body paragraph should focus only on one

example.

Elaborate and explain the examples in details.

Use signal words/transitional wordsFor example,
for instance, another example of, another
instance of, another illustration of, such as, to
illustrate..
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY
Outline

Title:
College education cannot necessarily determine peoples
nancial success in life

Introduction:
1. General statement
2. Introduce the topic of the essay
3. Thesis statement: People do not really need college
education in order to be successful nancially because
people can use their skills or talents to make money, they
can use their experience to be promoted and they can invest
money to get more money.
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY

Body Paragraph:
1. Topic sentence: People do not really need
high school education in order to be
successful nancially because people can use
their skills or talents to make money.
2. Supporting details: Michael Jackson
3. Concluding sentence
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY

Conclusion Paragraph
1. Restatement of thesis statement
2. Summary of topic sentences/sub-topics
3. Suggestion/Prediction/Quotation
4.0 Expository Essay
EXEMPLIFICATION ESSAY

Types of friends
Benets of online shopping
Strategies for academic
success
4.0 Expository Essay
COMPARISON & CONTRAST ESSAY

To compare means to point out similarities.

To contrast means to point out dierences.

A comparison/contrast essay shows how

things are alike or dierent to help the
reader choose between alternatives.
4.0 Expository Essay
COMPARISON & CONTRAST ESSAY

Types of comparison and contrast essay:

Point-by-point approach

Block approach
4.0 Expository Essay
COMPARISON & CONTRAST ESSAY
Point-by-point approach
Topic: General Hospital is better than Private Hospital.

1. Introduction

2. Point 1 (in body paragraph 1): Cost

A. General Hospital
B. Private Hospital

3. Point 2 (in body paragraph 2): Service A. General Hospital

B. Private Hospital

4. Point 3 (in body paragraph 3): Availability

A. General Hospital
B. Private Hospital

5. Conclusion
4.0 Expository Essay
COMPARISON & CONTRAST ESSAY

Housewife VS Career Woman

Single Life VS Married Life
Being Rich VS Being Famous
CHAPTER 7
 7.0 APA SYSTEM OF REFERENCING

APA (American Psychological Association) style is

most commonly used to cite sources within the
social sciences.
Your reference list should appear at the end of
your paper. It provides the information necessary
for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you
cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite
in the paper must appear in your reference list;
likewise, each entry in the reference list must be
cited in your text.