Centroids and Moments of Inertia

Q x = y d A = yA Q y = x d A = xA Ix = y2 dA I y = x2 d A

J =r2 dA J = Ix + Iy I = I + Ad 2

y y 1 3
I x' = bh
12 1
I x' = bh 3
1 3 36
I y' = b h
x 12 1 3
h h Ix = bh
C 1 12
I x = bh 3 x
x 3 C h/3
b 1
I y = b3h x
3 b

1
JC = bh(b 2 + h 2 )
12
y
8 4
Ix =Iy =
1
r4
y I x' = r
8 9 4
r 1
r 1
Ix = Iy = r4 JO = r4
x x 2
C 4r/3
8 O
x 1
O JO = r4
4

1-D Stress Components

P My VQ Tr
= = = =
A I It J
2V
3V 4V max = thin H VQ
max = rectangle max = solid circle A q= =
2A 3A x I
tube
y
3V
2

Shear stress distribution in a rectangle: =

1
2A
c
where y is measured from the neutral axis and c is the half-height of the beam (c = h/2)
 1-D Deformations

TL
L
Torsional Deformation: =
PL P( x) JG
Axial Deformation: =
AE
= AE
dx L
T ( x)
0 =
0
JG
dx

Power in a circular shaft: P = 2 f T

Thermal Strain: T = (T )
Unrestrained Change in Length of Rod due to Temperature Change: T = (T )L
is the coefficient of thermal expansion and T is the change in temperature from a
reference temperature

Relationships Between Stress and Strain

1 xy x = ( + 2G ) x + y + z
x = x y z xy =
E E E G
1 yz
y = x + y z yz = y = x + ( + 2G ) y + z
E E E G
1 xz
z = x y + z xz = z = x + y + ( + 2G ) z
E E E G
y (Defined for uniaxial Plane stress (z = yz = zx= 0) :
= = z
x x stress in the x-direction)
E E
x = x + y
E 1 2
1 2
G== E E
2(1 + ) y = x + y
1 2
1 2
E
=
(1 + )(1 2 ) z = ( +y)
1
x