A.

Oral Communication: Oral communication describes any

type of interaction that makes use of spoken words, and it is a vital, integral part of
the business world, especially in an era dubbed the information age. "The ability to
communicate effectively through speaking as well as in writing is highly valued, and
demanded, in business," Herta A. Murphy, Herbert W. Hildebrandt, and Jane Thomas
wrote in their book Effective Business Communications. "Knowing the content of the
functional areas of business is important, but to give life to those ideasin
meetings or in solo presentationsdemands an effective oral presentation." The
types of oral communication commonly used within an organization include staff
meetings, personal discussions, presentations, telephone discourse, and informal
conversation. Oral communication with those outside of the organization might take
the form of face-to-face meetings, telephone calls, speeches, teleconferences, or
videoconferences. For oral communication to be effective, it should be clear,
relevant, tactful in phraseology and tone, concise, and informative. Presentations or
conversations that bear these hallmarks can be an invaluable tool in ensuring
business health and growth.

B.use of paragraphs: There are several ways in which you can use the paragraph to enhance
your critical writing.

You can use paragraphs to make a clear and visual separation between descriptive writing and
critical analysis, by switching to a new paragraph when you move from description to critical
writing, and vice versa. This can help in:

emphasising to the reader that you are including both description and critical analysis, by
providing a visual representation of their separation; and

pushing you to produce the necessary critical writing, especially if you find that your
description paragraphs are always longer, or more frequent, than your critical analysis
paragraphs.

A paragraph break can provide a brief pause for your readers within a longer argument; giving
them the opportunity to make sure they are keeping up with your reasoning. Paragraphs that are
overly long can require readers to hold too much in their mind at once, resulting in their having
to re-read the material until they can identify the point you are making.

You can also use paragraphs to push yourself to include critical writing alongside descriptive
writing or referencing, by considering each paragraph almost as an essay in miniature. Within
each paragraph you would:

introduce the point you want to make;

make the point, with supporting evidence;

 reflect critically on the point.

C.leaflets and brochures : the Leaflets are being updated on a regular basis and new
leaflets will be added on additional topics. If you would like to receive notification when a
new or updated Leaflet has been released, please join NEDCCs E-List. As leaflets are updated,
PDF copies will be available for download at no cost. The current collection of NEDCC
Preservation Leaflets is an updated version of NEDCCs Preservation of Library and Archival
Materials:

A brochure is a flyer, pamphlet or leaflet that is used to pass information about something.
Brochures are advertising pieces mainly used to introduce a company or organization and inform
about products and/or services to a target audience. Brochures are distributed by radio, handed
personally or placed in brochure racks. They may be considered as grey literature. They are
usually present near tourist attractions.[1]

The most common types of single-sheet brochures are the bi-fold (a single sheet printed on both
sides and folded into halves) and the tri-fold (the same, but folded into thirds). A bi-fold brochure
results in four panels (two panels on each side), while a tri-fold results in six panels (three panels
on each side).

D.downward communication: Downward communication is that communication

in which information flows form superior to subordinates. Through downward
communication, managers communicate organizational goals, policies, procedures,
orders, instructions, decisions etc. to their subordinates. In the process of downward
communication, messages of the top executive reach to the lower levels moving
through the chain of hierarchy. Downward communication can be of written or oral.
The followings are the frequently used media or methods of downward
communication.

1.Oral Media or Method: Downward communication is mainly done by means of

oral media or method. Usually, the supervisors give instructions to their
subordinates through face-to-face and telephonic conversation.

Written Media or Method: Organization of any size and nature sends important information
to its employees in written forms through letters, circulars, manuals, bulletins, posters annual
reports etc. generally, letters and memos communicate important organizational directives;
circulars, manuals and bulletins communicate policies and procedures and annual report
communicates organizational activities and performance at the end of the year.
Other Media or Method: In addition to oral and written media or method, audio, visual and
audio-visual media are also used in downward communication. Radio, television, poster, signal,
symbol, graphs etc. some of the commonly used instruments that convey messages to the
subordinates.
E.upward communication : Upward Communication is the process of information flowing
from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels.[1] This type of communication is
becoming more and more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are
becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people
into separate ranks.

Upward communication helps employees to express their requirements, ideas, and feelings. For
the top management, upward communication is an important source of information for business
decisions. It helps in alerting top management about the requirement of changes in an
organisations. Upward contribution is the core contributor of business process re-engineering in
many organisations.

Upward communication is very widely used nowadays as part of whistle blowing policy in many
large organisations. Under whistle blowing policy, each employee is permitted to directly
communicate with top management about matters requiring examination on vigilance angle.
Hence it is used as a fraud prevention tool as well.

F. Horizontal communication Or, Meaning of lateral communication and Essentials

of effective Horizontal communication or Differences between horizontal and
vertical communication. The term lateral communication can be used
interchangeably as horizontal communication. Horizontal communication is a
communication among people at the parallel or same level, position, rank or
statues people of the organization. Horizontal communication is the
communication that flows laterally within the organization, involves persons at
the same level of the organization. he essentials of effective Horizontal
communication are as follows:

Recognition: To make Horizontal communication effective top executive

must recognize it is a realistic and useful way to exchange a message.

Emergency communication: To make it effective this communication

system is to be considered a form of emergency communication to affect a
quick resolution of a particular problem.

Direct supervision: To make more effective of this system manager should

convince the workers.

Discipline: To make more effective discipline to be maintained strictly in

every level. Otherwise management may be broken.

Clear understand ability: To make effective, care should be taken so that

managers may have clear understanding that horizontal communication is a
functional past of the total communication process.
 Interdepartmental communication increase: To make it effective,
organizational structure should be made in such a way that opportunity for
interdepartmental communication can be ensured.

Act as Lubricant: To make effective, departments must be developed, so

that it will act as lubricant in the way of effectively using horizontal
communication.

G. Electronic mail, most commonly referred to as email or e-mail since c.1993,[2] is a method
of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates
across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the
author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging.
Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward,
deliver, and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online
simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to a mail server, for as long as it takes
to send or receive messages. Historically, the term electronic mail was used generically for any
electronic document transmission. For example, several writers in the early 1970s used the term
to describe fax document transmission.[3][4] As a result, it is difficult to find the first citation for
the use of the term with the more specific meaning it has today.

An Internet email message[NB 1] consists of three components, the message envelope, the message
header, and the message body. The message header contains control information, including,
minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses. Usually descriptive
information is also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time
stamp.

advertisement as business communication: advertisement to be effective, its production and

placement must be based on a knowledge of the public and a skilled use of the media.
Advertising agencies serve to orchestrate complex campaigns whose strategies of media use are
based on research into consumer behaviour and demographic analysis of the market area. A
strategy will combine creativity in the production of the advertising messages with canny
scheduling and placement, so that the messages are seen by, and will have an effect on, the
people the advertiser most wants to address. Given a fixed budget, advertisers face a basic
choice: they can have their message seen or heard by many people fewer times, or by fewer
people many times. This and other strategic decisions are made in light of tests of the
effectiveness of advertising campaigns. This Business Communication assignment contains two
question. For the first question, it is sub-divided into two parts where for the first part, I have to
explain the six step in the process of communication whereas for the second part, I have to
explain and point out some ideas on how does one ensure the intended audience has received the
right message.
For the second question, it is also sub-divided into two parts where for the first part, as the
Product Manager of a soon-to-be-launched product, I have to the explain the methods, the
medium, and the vehicles that I would use to communicate with my target audience in order to
persuade them to buy my product and for the second part, it requires me to produce and come up
with an advertisement for my product.

Business communication (or simply "communication", in a business context) encompasses

topics such as marketing, brand management, customer relations, consumer behavior,
advertising, public relations, corporate communication, community engagement, reputation
management, interpersonal communication, employee engagement, and event management. It is
closely related to the fields of professional communication and technical communication.

Media channels for business communication include the Internet, print media, radio, television,
ambient media, and word of mouth.

Business communication can also refer to internal communication that takes place within the
organisation.

Business communication is a common topic included in the curricula of Undergraduate and

Master programs of many colleges and universities.

There are several methods of business communication, including:

Web-based communication - for better and improved communication, anytime

anywhere ...

video conferencing which allow people in different locations to hold interactive meetings;

Reports - important in documenting the activities of any department;

Presentations - very popular method of communication in all types of organizations,

usually involving audiovisual material, like copies of reports, or material prepared in
Microsoft PowerPoint or Adobe Flash;

telephone meetings, which allow for long distance speech;

forum boards, which allow people to instantly post information at a centralized location;
and
 face-to-face meetings, which are personal and should be succeeded by a written followup.

suggestion box,it is mainly for upward communication as because some people may
hesitate to communicate to the to management directly so they can give suggestion by
drafting suggestion in suggestion box.

communication process : Communication process consists of some interrelated steps or parts

through which messages are sent form sender to receiver. The process of communication begins
when the sender wants to transmit a fact, idea, opinion or other information to the receiver and
ends with receivers feedback to the sender. The main components of communication process are
sender, message, channel, receiver and feedback. In the following, some definitions on
communication process are quoted: Robert Kreitner defined, Communication process is a chain
made up of identifiable links. The chain includes sender, encoding, message, receiver, decoding,
and feedback.

In the opinion of S. K. Kapur, The communication process is the method by which the sender
transfers information and understanding to the receiver.

Developing idea by the sender: In the first step, the communicator develops or
conceptualizes an idea to be sent. It is also known as the planning stage since in this stage the
communicator plans the subject matter of communication.
Encoding: Encoding means converting or translation the idea into a perceivable form that
can be communicated to others.
Developing the message: After encoding the sender gets a message that can be transmitted to
the receiver. The message can be oral, written, symbolic or nonverbal. For example, when people
talk, speech is the message; when people write a letter, the words and sentences are the message;
when people cries, the crying is the message.
Selecting the medium: Medium is the channel or means of transmitting the message to the
receiver. Once the sender has encoded his into a message, the next step is to select a suitable
medium for transmitting it to the receiver. The medium of communication can be speaking,
writing, signaling, gesturing etc.
Transmission of message: In this step, the sender actually transmits the message through
chosen medium. In the communication cycle, the tasks of the sender end with the transmission of
the message.
Receiving the message by receiver: This stage simply involves the reception of senders
message by the receiver. The message can be received in the form of hearing, seeing, feeling and
so on.
Decoding: Decoding is the receivers interpretation of the senders message. Here the
receiver converts the message into thoughts and tries to analyze and understand it. Effective
communication can occur only when both the sender and the receiver assign the same or similar
meanings to the message.

Feedback: The final step of communication process is feedback. Feedback means receivers
response to senders message. It increases the effectiveness of communication. It ensures that the
receiver has correctly understood the message. Feedback is the essence of two-way
communication

Feedback : Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are "fed back" as inputs as part of a
chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.[2] The system can then be said to "feed
back" into itself. The notion of 'cause-and-effect' has to be handled carefully when applied to
feedback systems:[3]

"Simple causal reasoning about a feedback system is difficult because the first system
influences the second and second system influences the first, leading to a circular
argument. This makes reasoning based upon cause and effect tricky, and it is necessary to
analyze the system as a whole."

In this context, the term "feedback" has also been used as an abbreviation for:

Feedback signal the conveyance of information fed back from an output, or

measurement, to an input, or effector, that affects the system.

Feedback loop the closed path made up of the system itself and the path that transmits
the feedback about the system from its origin (for example, a sensor) to its destination
(for example, an actuator).

Negative feedback the case where the fed-back information acts to control or regulate
a system by opposing changes in the output or measurement.

board meeting: A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly
oversee the activities of a company or organization. Other names include board of governors,
board of managers, board of regents, board of trustees, and board of visitors. It is often
simply referred to as "the board".

A board's activities are determined by the powers, duties, and responsibilities delegated to it or
conferred on it by an authority outside itself. These matters are typically detailed in the
organization's bylaws. The bylaws commonly also specify the number of members of the board,
how they are to be chosen, and when they are to meet. Typical duties of boards of directors
include:[4][5]

governing the organization by establishing broad policies and objectives;

selecting, appointing, supporting and reviewing the performance of the chief executive;

ensuring the availability of adequate financial resources;

approving annual budgets;

 accounting to the stakeholders for the organization's performance;

setting the salaries and compensation of company management;

credit card and debit card: A credit card is a payment card issued to users as a system of
payment. It allows the cardholder to pay for goods and services based on the holder's promise to
pay for them.[1] The issuer of the card creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to
the consumer (or the user) from which the user can borrow money for payment to a merchant or
as a cash advance to the user.

A credit card is different from a charge card: a charge card requires the balance to be paid in full
each month.[2] In contrast, credit cards allow the consumers a continuing balance of debt, subject
to interest being charged. A credit card also differs from a cash card, which can be used like
currency by the owner of the card. A credit card differs from a charge card also in that a credit
card typically involves a third-party entity that pays the seller and is reimbursed by the buyer,
whereas a charge card simply defers payment by the buyer until a later date.

A debit card (also known as a bank card or check card) is a plastic payment card that provides
the cardholder electronic access to his or her bank account(s) at a financial institution. Some
cards may bear a stored value with which a payment is made, while most relay a message to the
cardholder's bank to withdraw funds from a payer's designated bank account. The card, where
accepted, can be used instead of cash when making purchases. In some cases, the primary
account number is assigned exclusively for use on the Internet and there is no physical card.

In many countries, the use of debit cards has become so widespread that their volume has
overtaken or entirely replaced cheques and, in some instances, cash transactions. The
development of debit cards, unlike credit cards and charge cards, has generally been country
specific resulting in a number of different systems around the world, which were often
incompatible. Since the mid-2000s, a number of initiatives have allowed debit cards issued in
one country to be used in other countries and allowed their use for internet and phone purchases.

Human resourse management: Human resource management (HRM, or simply HR) is a

function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of their
employers strategic objectives.[1] HR is primarily concerned with how people are managed
within organizations, focusing on policies and systems.[2] HR departments and units in
organizations are typically responsible for a number of activities, including employee
recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding (e.g., managing
pay and benefit systems).[3] HR is also concerned with industrial relations, that is, the balancing
of organizational practices with regulations arising from collective bargaining and governmental
laws.[4]

HR is a product of the human relations movement of the early 20th century, when researchers
began documenting ways of creating business value through the strategic management of the
workforce. The function was initially dominated by transactional work, such as payroll and
benefits administration, but due to globalization, company consolidation, technological
advancement, and further research, HR now focuses on strategic initiatives like mergers and
acquisitions, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labor relations, and
diversity and inclusion.

bank foundation : The Banks Foundation for Young Entrepreneurs is a non-

profit organization founded in 2012 by the association of twenty banks of South
Korea. It is often referred to as one of the largest foundations in Korea with an asset
base of approximately USD 460M. It aims to return part of contributing banks'
profits to the society by helping address worsening youth unemployment through
promoting entrepreneurship.[1] The foundation provides various tools and support for
startups in both financial and non-financial ways. Banks Foundation for Young
Entrepreneurs.[2] On 9 July 2012, the foundation made its first direct investment on
EST (Energy Solution Technology) with the commitment of USD 280K. Initially, the
foundation provided only financial support (loan guarantee and investment), but
later decided to take a more holistic approach, including building startup ecosystem
and providing global connections.

MICR CHEQUE LEAF: Let me share an interesting episode which happened with a dear friend
of mine. She wanted to send some information regarding a cheque to an acquaintance. She was
quite stumped when she was asked for the MICR code. after much eye-rolls and the typical
woman looks, she was explained what that particular code is.

To all my uninitiated women-friends, let me give you the one-on-one of this cryptic code that
eludes the most savvy and outgoing of all women.

MICR Stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition is Magnetic Ink Barcode Printed on
the bottom of Banks cheque leaves.

It is unique system used by the Bank for cheque clearing and Every bank has unique MICR
Code.

MICR Code has 9 digits and Each three digits in code signifies the information about

1. City

2. Bank Name

3. Bank Branch Code

Example: MICR Code No. 560015005

1. 560 Represents City Name [Bangalore]

2. 015 Represents Bank Name [Canara Bank]

3. 005 Represents Bank Branch Code [Avenue Road Branch]

Internship report
Internship reports are reports which are written (and often presented) upon completion of an
internship. The goal of an internship report is to provide an overview of the assignment(s)
completed and lessons learned, and to reflect on the interns personal observations and
experiences of the working environment.

The structure of internship reports vary, depending on the tasks which were assigned to the
intern. Reporting on a work experience internship would focus primarily on the experiences and
lessons learned from the working environment. However an internship report of a research
internship might contain more academic insights such as a literature study, and might be
structured more as a thesis.

Generally an internship reports consists of 10-20 pages.

To give examples of how internship reports can be structured, you can view below several
sample internship report examples, collected from students who have interned in China, India,
Singapore, Dubai and the USA.
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING An annual general meeting (commonly
abbreviated as AGM, also known as the annual meeting) is a
meeting that official bodies, and associations involving the
general public (including companies with shareholders), are
often required by law (or the constitution, charter, by-laws etc.
governing the body) to hold. An AGM is held every year to
elect the board of directors and inform their members of
previous and future activities. It is an opportunity for the
shareholders and partners to receive copies of the company's
accounts as well as reviewing fiscal information for the past
year and asking any questions regarding the directions the
business will take in the future. Private companies in Great
Britain

Attending the general meeting

President or Chairman (who chairs the meeting)

Secretary (who prepares the minutes)

Recount clerk or treasurer (who reviews the stock ledger)

Q what is business communication?discuss its importance.

Ans:Business communication (or simply "communication", in a business context) encompasses
topics such as marketing, brand management, customer relations, consumer behavior,
advertising, public relations, corporate communication, community engagement, reputation
management, interpersonal communication, employee engagement, and event management. It is
closely related to the fields of professional communication and technical communication.

Media channels for business communication include the Internet, print media, radio, television,
ambient media, and word of mouth.

Business communication can also refer to internal communication that takes place within the
organisation.

Business communication is a common topic included in the curricula of Undergraduate and

Master programs of many colleges and universities.

Importance:
Considerations
Without good communication, initiatives cannot be carried out and front-line workers cannot be
relied upon to further the company mission. This relates to verbal as well as written
communication, including documented policies and procedures.

Features
Effective business communication requires a manager to motivate and challenge employees, and
provide recommendations and feedback to increase efficiency and effectiveness in the business.

Misconceptions
New employees or managers need to work within the company's culture to effect improvements
rather than trying to change the personality of the business.

Warning
Friendship is not the goal of effective communication. A manager needs to do his job without
bias or favoritism. Holding back constructive criticism on the basis of friendship is a sign of a
weak manager.

Significance
According to the late business management expert Peter Drucker, "Knowledge has to be
improved, challenged and increased constantly, or it vanishes." Business managers need to
monitor, train and offer feedback at every turn to manage knowledge in the workforce.

Misconceptions
Despite a cultural trend toward casual communication, studies indicate that spelling and
grammar still play major roles in how audiences evaluate business professionals. Critics of
millennials, workers born between 1977 and 1998, often advise younger professionals to
double-check their communication for tone, relevance and especially presentation. Older
decision-makers may refuse to conduct business with young representatives using unprofessional
communication.

Effects
In most organizations, effective communication offers the best opportunity to make an
outstanding first impression. Using powerful words, images and messages, business
professionals can craft strong internal partnerships while developing the foundation of a solid
client base. However, the second half of the feedback cycle can really cement interpersonal
relationships. By building a reputation as an engaged listener, a professional can set up next
actions that solidify her commitment to acting on requests or adjusting after responses.

QWrites types of communication or business communication?

Communication can be defined as the process by which people share ideas, experience,
knowledge and feelings through the transmission of symbolic messages. The means of
communication are usually spoken or written words, pictures or symbols. But we also give
information through body language, gestures, and looks, facial expressions can show how we
feel and what we think about an issue or another person.

Communication can be classified into following types- 1.FORMAL AND INFORMAL 2.ORAL
AND WRITTEN 3.INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL 4.VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL

FORMAL COMMMUNICATION When we consider style and purpose we can divide it into
two sub groups, formal communication and informal communication. Formal communication
includes all forms of formal exchanges of information. Business communication and corporate
communication are some of the formal communication methods. Formal communication is that
which devices support from the organisation structure.

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION Informal communication is the opposite of the above. It is

a form of casual conversation or exchange of communication. This type of communication
happens out side of the business or corporate community or between freely understanding
parties. There are no strong rules or guidelines; the only rule is that all the parties should be able
to understand each other. This kind of communication does not require a certain topic. It is just
normal conversation between known people

ORAL COMMUNICATION Oral communication implies communication through mouth. It

includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic
conversation. Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oral communication. Oral
communication is generally recommended when the communication matter is of temporary kind
or where a direct interaction is required.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION Written communication has great significance in todays

business world. It is an innovative activity of the mind. Effective written communication is
essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Effective
writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences
formation as well as cohesive composition of sentences

INTERNAL COMMUNICATION Communication within an organization is known as internal

communication,which is usually formal. Internal communication helps in achieving an
organisations goals by informing the members of the general and specific objectives of the
organization either at the macro or at the micro level. It is only through internal communication
that this information is distributed to various departments and employees within the organization.
Letters,reports,instructions,seminars,etc.are methods of transmitting information.

EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION To expand the boundries of business,a good relationship

with other external organization is a must. This requires a sound communication strategy. All
official ,technical or professional communication with people outside the organization is known
as external communication. This mode is equally important,as it helps in achieving an
organizations goals by coordinating with external agencies.

VERBAL COMMUNICATION . We can categorize verbal communication into two parts, oral
communication and written communication. Oral communication is when two or more parties
communicate verbally with words. The other type is written communication. Written
communication can happen through normal mail, e-mail, or any other form of documented
writing.

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION Non-verbal communication is mostly body language. It is

possible to understand what a person is trying to say or how he/she is feeling. It is also possible
to tell the mood of a person by bodily and facial expressions. Facial expressions are very
important as well. Facial expressions give out what the person is feeling.

Q what is report? steps involved to writing a report

Ans: A report or account is any informational work (usually of writing, speech, television, or
film) made with the specific intention of relaying information or recounting certain events in a
widely presentable form.[1]

Written reports are documents which present focused, salient content to a specific audience.
Reports are often used to display the result of an experiment, investigation, or inquiry. The
audience may be public or private, an individual or the public in general. Reports are used in
government, business, education, science, and other fields.
Steps:

1. Choose a topic. It should be a subject he can understand and one that interests him.

2. Make a plan. Create a calendar together to map out the process.

3. Check with the teacher. She should double-check the topic with her teacher.

4. Conduct research and take notes. He can use a range of resources from books,
periodicals, and the Internet to do this. Help him practice taking notes without copying word-
for-word to reduce the risk of plagiarism.

5. Outline the project. This will help her organize her notes and thoughts.

6. Write the report. Use the outline as a road map.

7. Edit and reread the report. Checking and correcting mistakes are the hallmarks of a good
student.

QWrite difference between business communication and

personal communication.
Ans. Business communication is more formal and structured than interpersonal
communication, and also more diverse, encompassing letters, brochures, press
releases, company websites, social networking sites and podcasts. The style used
for each varies greatly, so effective business communication requires understanding
the sometimes subtle differences between the many types. Interpersonal
communication can include letters or e-mails, but usually refers to phone calls or
face-to-face conversations.

Business communication is more prone to cultural misunderstandings, because you

have less insight into who you are communicating with. You might need to
communicate with employees or consumers from disparate cultures, and
understanding these differences is crucial to communicating with them. In his article
"3 Simple Steps for Effective Global Communication," business and communications
consultant Gary Muddyman advises consulting local communicators in each country
to help you understand the cultural communication differences

With interpersonal communication, you can't edit and revise your words. Business
communication is often written, allowing time to find the most concise words and
phrasing. However, with business communication, you face a challenge just getting
and keeping the audience's attention. Your memo might compete with other
business letters, websites, even magazines, and you can't always know what kind of
response it received. With interpersonal communication, the person is often right
there in front of you, so you have the benefit of body language, facial expression
and tone of voice.

Interpersonal communication is usually more casual than business communication.

While interpersonal communication is sometimes used to persuade, such as asking
your boss for a raise, in general the goal is to share information. Business
communication, however, has a more clearly defined goal. With a brochure, for
example, you might try to persuade prospective clients to hire you. An interoffice
memo can attempt to persuade employees to attend a training session or volunteer
for a fundraiser. Press releases can aim to improve a company's image or create
awareness for its products, services or community involvement. A training manual
or employee handbook prepares new employees for the job, helps current
employees learn new skills and ensures that everyone complies with company
policies.

Difference between formal and informal communication are as follows:

Subject Formal Informal

Communication Communicatio
n
1.Definiation When communication Any communication by
takes place through the passing the formal
formal official channels channels can be termed
then it is known as formal as informal
communication. communication.

2.Flexibility Formal communication is It is flexible.

not flexible.

3.Degree of Formal communication is It cannot be controlled

control totally controlled by the like formal
management. communication.

4.Evidence It has documentary It has no documentary

evidence. evidence.

5.Discipline Official discipline is Official decorum and

strictly maintained in discipline are not
formal communication. followed.

6.Flow of In formal communication But in informal

information information can flow only communication
upward and downward. information flows freely
to all direction.

7.Speed Here speed of Informal channels are

communication is slow. very fast; here
information can be
transmitted instantly.

8.secrecy In case of formal Here maintaining

communication secrecy secrecy is very difficult.
can be maintained.

9.Rumor There is no scope for Due to its flexible

creation of rumor in nature rumor can be
formal communication. created.

10.Distortion Generally information is As official decorum is

not distorted. not followed
information can be
distorted.

11.Time It is time consuming. Less time is taken for

transmitting
information.

12.Misunderstan In case of formal Due to lack of control

ding communication caution, misunderstanding can
there is almost no chance takes place?
of misunderstanding.

13.Cost It is expensive. It is less expensive than

formal communication.

14.Mistakes As official discipline is On the other hand, as

maintained chance of strict rules are not
mistakes is very low. followed possibility of
mistakes is very high.