Professional Documents
Culture Documents
دورة تأهيل المهندسين الانشائيين - في الزلازل
دورة تأهيل المهندسين الانشائيين - في الزلازل
"#!
--- :
---- :
.
.
0.10
) ( .
.
) (
)( :
V = ZIKCSW
V :
.
Z
(9.81 m/sec2) g ).(-
) ( - Z
3 2C 2B 2A 1 0
0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.075 0 Z
Z
0.30 .
I ).(-
) (- I
I
1.50 :
.......
:
1.25
........ .
1.00 .
I .2
K
):(-
) ( - K
K
1.00
1.30
) ( .
)
( :
-
.
1.00 25 % :
0.80 50 %
2.50
4 .
2.00 : ......
K 1.3 1 1 0.8
.
C
:
1
=C
2
10 T 3
T : ) (
.
- T
) (:
T (sec) = 0.08 N
N : .
-
:
T = 0.1 N
- T
:
3
) T = t (h n 4
:
hn ) ( )
(n .
0.0853 = t .
0.0731 = t
.
0.0488 = t .
t
t = 0.0743 / Ac :
Ac : :
] Ac = Ae [ 0.2 + (D/hn)2
Ae : ) (
.
D
.
) (D/hn 0.9
: T
) (.
: C
0.15
.
: C 0.18
: K.C 0.09 0.38
- ) (
)(
) .(-
T=2
) (W
i i
2
] g[Fi i + (Ft + Fn ) n
) ( -
Wi : i i
W .
n, i
1 n n,i.
. g
Fn , Fi n,i
).(--
Ft
n ).(--
T
.
: ) T (
T
40 ) ( T
4 30% )4 %
T (.
:
) )(
(
).(
S .
) T
T ( TS
) ( S
:
T/TS :
2
T T
S = 1.0 + - 0.5
Ts Ts
T/TS :
2
T T
S = 1.2 + - 0.3
Ts Ts
: ) ( T
0.30.
: TS
0.5 2.5.
: T 2.5
TS 2.5.
: TS
S )(
.
)(
S
1.5 4
10 - 5 ) (1 4/
1 11
1.5 5
11 - 6 ) (2 2.5 4/
1 12
1.4 5
) (3
11 - 6
1.5 2.5/
1.4 12
10 - 6 /
1.5 11
) ( :
1.1 = S .
1.3 = S .
e&+ c S ._ `a h &" )( .i1
W 25%
.
.
--- :
- :
V :
n
V = Ft + F
i =1
i
Ft :
Ft = 0.07 T V
Ft 0.25V Ft = 0
T 0.7.
V-Ft
:
= Fx
(V Ft )Wx h x
n
w ihi
i =1
Wx : x
.
hx x .
Fx x
.
-
)( .
--- :
:
-
.
-
.
-
0.05
.
--- :
) (
:
x
M = Ft hn + Fi h i
i =1
: 50m ) (3
25% .
: K = 0.8
.
: 75m
)( .
) (
--- :
U :
---- :
- ) ( G
) ( ) P
( :
U = 1.5 G + 1.8 P )..(b
-
:
] U = 0.8 [1.5 G + 1.8 P + 1.8 W )(c
W : ) (.
- :
] )U = 0.8 [1.5G+1.8P+1.8 ( 1.1 S )(d
S : ) ( .
: .
- ) ( T
:
] U = 0.8 [1.5 G + 1.8 P + 1.5 T )(e
- ) (
E ) (b ) (c ) (d
E .1.8
E .
- F
) (
) ( 5/6F .E
-
) (c ) (d ).(b
-
P
P = 0
.
---- :
- T , F , E , S , W , P , G ).(---
-
:
U = 1.5 G + 1.4 W )(f
U = 1.5 G + 1.8 E )(g
U = 1.5 G + 1.4 W + 1.4 E ) ( h
- ) (f ) (h
1.1 S W .
- F )(g
) (h ) (5/6F .E
- P ) W
(S )(
) (--- ) (f ) (g ) (h
.
:
)U = 1.1 G + 1.25 ( P + T + ( W or 1.1 S)) (i
E F
1.2 E F ) (i E .F
) (e
:
) U = 1.5 ( G + T )(j
--- :
) (-- :
- . = 0.9
- . = 0.7
- :
N
( 0.90 = 0.9 0.5 0.1) 0.7
Nc
N : .
Nc )(0.85 f'c Ac
- . = 0.85
As
= t
bh
) ( -
) (
---
.
.
-- :
---
:
)( .
)( .
)( .
)( .
--- :
)(
.
)( .
---
.
---
.
) (
-- :
---
.
.
)(
.
.
---
.
.
).(--
---
) -
( .
.
---
.
---
.
SRSS CQC3
30% .
--- ) (--
.
-- :
) .(- I Ip
.
-- :
---:
).(-
.SD SE SF
SE SF
SE SF .
)(-
) (30.5 m
) (N
) ( v s )(NCH
)(m/sec )/( ( blows/ft )s U (kPa
)
- -
SA 1500
(
)
SB 760 - 1500 - -
SC 360 - 760 > 50 > 100
)(
SD 180 - 360 15 - 50 50 - 100
)SE(1 < 180 < 15 < 50
SF / ) /( --
) (1 ) (SE ) (3m
)( wmc 40 PI > 20 .< (24 kPa) s U
PI wmc .
-- :
--- :
.
- Z ).(-
--- :
) --.(--
--- :
) (
)(
).(--
--- :
)( ) (
)( .
) (-).(-
) (1 ) (
) (2
) (5 ) (- )(1
).(-
)( ) (-
.
)(-
: )( 1 ---
70%
80% .
)( : )( 2
---
150% .
.
: )( 3 ---
130% )(
.
. )( 4 --
.
: )( 5 --
)( 80%
.
.
)(-
. )( 1 --
--
)( )(
) (1.2 .
((
Re - entrant Corners )) : )( 2 --
) (
15% .
: )( 3 --
)(
50%
50% .
: )( 4 --
--
.
: )( 5 --
.
)(1.3
) (1 ) (2 ) (-
)(
.
)( ) (-
.
-- :
) (3) (4
) .(-
50%
.
-- :
--- :
20%
.
.
. )
( .
--- ) ( :
) (-- ) (4
): (5
)( ) (
)( .
)( )(
)(.
--- ) ( :
:
)( ) (1
) (4) (5 ) (2 .
)( ) (73m
) (- )-
(- .
)( /5/ ) (20 m
--- .
)( ) (flexible
) (Rigid
) (1.1
.
--- :
:
)( ) (73m )--
-(.
)( )(
) (1 ) (2 ) (3 ) (-
) (- ) (-
).(--
)( ) (20m
) (3 ) (4
) . (--
)( ) (SF
) .(0.7 Sec
).(-
-- :
--- :
.
-- :
--- :
.
).(-
.
.
-- :
--- :
) (.
E = Eh +E )(-
E m = o E h )(-
= E
) (Eh ).(E
= Eh V
) (- FP .
= Em )-
.(-
= Ev
) (0.5 .Ca . I . D ) (D
.
= o
).(--
= )
(SI
).(2, 1, 0
6 .1
1 = 2 1 .5 )(-
rmax AB
:
: rmax ) (ri
.
: ri ) (i
.
- )( ) (ri
.
- ) (ri
)(
. )(
) (i
70%
-. ) (ri
) (3/Lw .
Lw )(.
- ) (ri ) (ri
.
. ) ( 80%
.
) ( ) (1.0 ).(1.5
) (A B ).(m2
- ) (
) ( ).(1.25
)(
) ( ) ( ).(1.25
- AB )(
.
-
) (-- .
W
:
)( 25%
.
)(
) .(0.5 kN/m2 .
)( ) .(1.5 kN/m2
) (1.5 kN/m2 75%
.
)( .
--- ) (
)
(
10% .
) ( 10% 20%
) .(
---
.10%
.
--- 20%
)
(
.
---
.
).(--
---
) (.
--- )( :
.
.
:
)(
) (.
)(
) (Panel Zone )
(.
--- )) : (P- (
) ( ) (P-
).(S
) (P-
).(0.10
:
) + +(
=
) (3) (4 ) (P-
).(0.02/R
-- ) ( :
--- :
:
Cv I
= V
R .T
W )(-
:
2.5 Ca I
=V W )(-
R
:
V = 0.11 Ca I W )(-
) (4 :
0.8 Z N v I
= V
R
W )(-
--- ) : (
)(-
) ( C a
) ( Z
Z=0.075 Z=0.15 Z=0.2 Z=0.25 Z=0.3 Z=0.4
SA 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.32 Na
SB 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 Na
SC 0.09 0.18 0.24 0.29 0.33 0.40 Na
SD 0.12 0.22 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.44 Na
SE 0.19 0.30 0.34 0.39 0.36 0.36 Na
SF )(
) ( ) (SF
.
) ( C v )(-
) ( Z
Z=0.075 Z=0.15 Z=0.2 Z=0.25 Z=0.3 Z=0.4
SA 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.32 Nv
SB 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 Nv
SC 0.13 0.25 0.32 0.34 0.45 0.56 Nv
SD 0.18 0.32 0.40 0.47 0.54 0.64 Nv
SE 0.26 0.50 0.64 0.74 0.84 0.96 Nv
SF )(
) ( ) (SF
.
-- :
--- ): (
)
(--
) ( .
) ( ).(-
--- ): (R
) (R ).(-
R
R
8.0 )
1.25
(.
7.5 )
( 50% .
6.5 )
( 25% .
5.5 ) (
10% .
4.5 ) (
.
( : R .
=AB 5GV ( D8=TU DQ=RK=J8KNOPK DBIJK 789?L =AB CB DEF=G?B =>?856 789:
DWJEK XJKIJK.
-- :
--- :
.
--- :
) (R )(R
.
) (10% .
:
)( ) (R
)(
)---( :
(
) (R).(
( )(R
) (
) (R/ ) (R/ .
--- : ) (3) (4
) (R
.
)(
) .(48m
) (3).(4
--- :
) 0 (1
) (R
.
-- ) : (
) (- )-
) (- . (
n
V = Ft + Fi
i =1
)(-
) (Ft ) (Fn :
Ft = 0.07 T. V )(-
T ) (Ft
).(-
) (Ft ) (0.25V
) (T = 0.7 sec .
n :
(V Ft ) w x . h x
= Fx n )(-
wi hi
i =1
Fx ) (x
.
Fx Ft .
)(- )(-
-- :
) (Vx ) (Ft)(Fx
)( . ) (--
.
)( ) (not flexible
) (5%
.
.
)(
)(
.
.
-- )( :
.
.
).(-
) (-
) (Ax :
2
Ax
= max
)(-
1.2 avg
:
= avg .x
= max .x ) (Ax
).(3
-- :
--- :
).(-
) (Fx, Ft .
) (-
.
.
--- ) (:
)( :
)(
1.5 D + 1.8 L
1.4.D )(-
)1.2 D + 1.6 L +0.5 (Lr or S )(-
1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or S) + (f1 L or 0.8 )(-
)W
)1.2 D + 1.3 W + f1 L + 0.5 (Lr or S )(-
)1.2 D + 1.0 E +(f 1 L + f 2 S )(-
)0.9 D (1.0 E or 1.3 W )(-
!- ! :
:
: f1 ) (1.00
) (5 kN/m 2
) (0.5 .
: f 2 ) (0.7 ) (
) ( . ) (0.2
.
:
( )(
.
( )(
) (1.1
:
)1.32 D + 1.1 E + 1.1 (F1L + F2S )(-
)0.99 D (1.1 E or 1.3 W )(-
( )(
.
)( :
) T, P, H, F (-
)( :
--- )( :
) (.
1.2 D + f1 L + 1.0 Em )(-
0.9 D 1.0 Em )(-
:
: f1
) (5 kN/m2 . ) (0.5 .
: Em )-
.(-
:
) ( E ) (
) (-- ) ( Ev
:
1.5D + 1.8 L
:
) 1.32 D +1.1 E +1.1(f1 L+ f2 S
E :
) 1.32 D +1.1( Eh +05Ca I D) + 1.1(f1 L+ f2 S
) (1.32+1.1*0.5Ca I) D +1.1 Eh + 1.1(f1 L+ f2 S :
:
0.99 D 1.1 E
E :
(0.99 + 1.1*0.5Ca I) D + 1.1 E
(0.99 - 1.1*0.5Ca I) D - 1.1 E
) ( .
-
. )
(
.
.
- %
.
_(-) .
!# h ,+ c ) ! c(
h,+ ) &" _( .
. W
. .
) ) V
(. (
. . I
. . C
. S
.
) ...( ) ...( E
V . V.
1.5D+1.8L 1.5D+1.8L
1.32D+f1.L+f2.S ))0.8(1.5D+1.8L+1.1(1.8E
0.99D1.1E )0.9D1.4E (1.1
. .
) (
0.05
0.05
) (0.05
C.G . C.R
.
C.G
C.R 0.05
.
)(-
-- :
---
Fx x
:
)(
.
)(
.
0.05
.
---
Fx x Fy y
.
)(
m
) (- :
YK
j=1 j x.j
)(-
Y = m .......... .....
CR
K )(-
j=1 x.j
m :
X K
j=1 j y.j
X CR = m .......... ....
K y.j :Yj, Xj j
j=1
)
(.
:Kx.j ) ( j x
) ( j x .
:Ky.j ) ( j y
) ( j y .
:m ) ( .
)( ) ( )(
.Yj, Xj
)(-
)( Xf Vy )(.
)( Yf Vx )(.
)( Mt )(.
)Mt = Vy.Xf Vx.Yf (-
)( ) ( j :
K y.j K y.j.X j
= Fyj Vy +
2 2
M t .......... )(-
K y.j ) (K y.j X j + K x.j .Yj
Vy
Mt = Vy.Xf Xfj
0.05 x .
Vx = 0 Fxj x
.x
Vy
.
--- ) (
)(
.
) (
) (
.
.
.
:
.
.
. , !- fc'=200 kg/cm ! +!#
fy = 4000 kg/cm _ &
! .qa= 3 kg/cm
e&!+ _! . & . !
he
! c.
(
:
CV I
V = W
RT
Z = 0.25
C a = 0.25, C v = 0.25
q a = 3 kg / cm 2
I =1
R = 4 .5
3 3
TA = t (hn ) 4 = 0.0488 (4 3.6) 4 = 0.3607 sec
1.4 TA = 1.4 0.3607 = 0.505 sec
+ ! &
e % h1 + - -, _
.( -, , ` e _ )h1
T = 0.3607 sec
W = 4 1000 = 4000 t
0.25 1
V1 = 4000 = 616 t
4.5 0.3607
2.5Ca I 2.5 0.25 1
Vmax = W= 4000 = 555.6 t
R 4.5
Vmin = 0.11Ca IW = 0.11 .25 1 4000 = 110 t
Vmin = 110 t V Vmax = 555.6 t
V = Vmax = 555.6 t
:% '# A
(
4
V = Ft + Fi
i =1
T = 0.3607 sec Ft = 0 t
V wx hx
Fx = 4
w i =1
x hx
:"
e a ,ec! , !
555.6 3600
F1 = = 55.56 t
36000
555.6 7200
F2 = = 111.12 t
36000
555.6 10800
F3 = = 166.68 t
36000
555.6 14400
F4 = = 222.24 t
36000
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 55.56 + 111.12 + 166.68 + 222.24 = 555.6 t ok
: (* + % A (
x
j =1
i k yj
xCR = m
kj =1
yj
0 1 + 28 1.7
xCR = = 17.6 m
1 + 1.7
m
y
j =1
i k xj
yCR = m
k j =1
xj
6 2 + 18 3
yCR = = 13.2 m
2+3
:./B .
ex = xCR xCG = 17.6 14 = 3.6 m
e y = yCR yCG = 13.2 12 = 1.2 m
M t = V y ex Vx e y
ex = ex + 0.05 Lx = 3.6 + 0.05 28 = 5 m
e y = e y + 0.05 L y = 1.2 + 0.05 24 = 2.4 m
.- - - !0.05Ly 0.05Lx `a
M t = 55.6 5 0 2.4 = 278 t.m
. .
/6E A=
.. H' #:%
k xj k xj Y j
= Fxj Vx + Mt
k xj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
k yj k yj X j
= Fyj Vy + Mt
k yj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
e` i_ , h , . + i-
&&
# .
,!, 1 h 1 ).
#
#a c ,1 1!
A e - h # i -h
!, (.
C
Mt
C.R.
C.G.
A FY B
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 55.6 + 278 = 24.68 t
1 + 1.7 1192
, h
,!" -1 ,
!" !:
.
A % +I=
..:
M t = 166 .68 5 0 2.4 = 833 .4 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 166.68 + 833.4 = 74.04 t
1 + 1.7 1192
:.. =
K/ % A
.
M t = 222 .24 5 0 2.4 = 1111 .2 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 222.24 + 1111.2 = 98.72 t
1 + 1.7 1192
F4=98.72 t
F4=98.72 t
3.6 m
F4=74.04 t 3.6 m
F4=172.76 t
3.6 m
F4=49.36 t 3.6 m
F4=222.12 t
3.6 m
F4=24.68 t 3.6 m
F4=246.8 t
3.6 m
3.6 m
A
A
:/ A
N/O K
LM (
Comb. = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.5Ca I DL + E )
Comb. = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.125 DL + E )
Comb. = 1.4575 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1E
N u = 1.4575 ( 4 100 + 4 0.2 12 2.5 3.6) + 0.55 ( 4 20) + 1.1 0 = 752 .9 t
M u = 1.4575 0 + 0.55 0 + 1.1 (98.72 14.4 + 74.04 10.8 + 49.36 7.2 + 24.68 3.6)
M u = 2931 .98 t.m
Nu
(0.9 = 0.9 0.5 0.1) 0.7
Nc
N c = 0.85 f c' Ac' = 0.85 200 20 1200 10 3 = 4080 t
752.9
( = 0.9 0.5 0.1) = 0.858
4080
1 e h+& 1 _ e % . h ..
Nu 752.9 103
= = 36.6 kg / cm 2
b h 0.858 20 1200
Mu 2931.98 105
2
= 2
= 11.9 kg / cm 2
bh 0.858 20 1200
20
1200
:A LM (
:V 2 /8
Wu = 1.4575 2.2 16 1 2.5 = 128 .26 t
A = 2.2 16 = 35.2 m 2
b h3 2.2 (16)3
I= = = 750.93 m 4
12 12
881.16 3203.46
max = + 8 = 25.03 + 34.13 = 59.16 t / m 2
35.2 750.93
881.16 3203.46
min = 8 = 25.03 34.13 = 9.1 t / m 2
35.2 750.93
Nu
Mu
Qu I
I
Nu
min
max
max 59.16
= > 2 max = 59.16 t / m2 2 30 = 60 t / m2 ok
min
3203.13
e= = 3.64 m
881.16
L 16
C= e = 3.64 = 4.36 m
2 2
2 Nu 2 881.16
max = = = 61.24 t / m 2
3 C B 3 4.36 2.2
2.2
max = 61.24 = 59 t / m 2
2.3
3C (2m) 3 4.36 2
I I = max = 59 = 50 t / m 2
3C 3 4.36
V1 = 50 2 2.3 = 230 t
1
V2 = (59 50) 2 2.3 = 20.7 t
2
2
M u = 230 1 + 20.7 2 = 258 t.m
3
H=100 cm 8 /8
258 105
= As = 86 cm 2
0.9 0.9 93 4000
]D+ 18T25/ #
K '8T25/m
+!& - !_ + ) ( ,
!1
e
#&" _() .
!.
-
h
-+ !_ e 1 ,
.
-& ",% h `
+ e h # ei
! - , 1 + .e
-& ", h &
.c , !% .
& ", h ! 1 && , "-
+:
& ! !
&
" -!_ ! "e :
& ca h, cv -
! h,e! !_ . 1 & /sec2,
) g=9.81m c .( % .&! 1&#
_ . 1 1 . h% ! !-,&
1& ! ! e&! () " . !
` 0.05 h & ! "e
!- .
_! . i+ -
! !! ! !
!_ . e 1 - . 0.05
& % _! ! & -
+ #! + -,+ e -
.i1
h1 -& c 1 ,ec -
,e h !1
e ! e !_ .
. - + h! c :
- ., , h! c.
- ` ! h! c S.R.S.S
-
., h
! e_ ! c.
c! !-, e !-, .c !
.!_ _ # , 1,& + 1
, ! e -
, ! + .
-% . &
!% 1 _!_ ,1, -
. . & 1 _ Ca . Cv1 .
&
:
) _! , h&
(!_)/ ,&! h!- g/R *(i1
g
1
:
1 R
, !
1
1e
+ i.
.&
h +
e , ) ( 0,05 A h -
+ i
` i e
"
A` & !! & .&
"e.
A=[max / (1.2 avg)]2
:
avg! ++, , c e
1! .x ,ec
max+, e 1c
1! x ,ec + A _ `a
- 3 h !
`.
.`
` i - + h:h
-&
"-!, ,ec !, a 1
! !" + ,e& "e`! i1& !
! &
.
-
!_
& , e hh
1! . &
!! .
.
h+ h h,ec h : -
e&+ h`
+
! i ) i &!h -
(h1 .
"e.
- e ! 1 e! e + i ,ech
! ) ( 5 ! ) (1 e he ) ( - h&" )! ( e
!1 e
1 , , h h , !, .e -
) !, ! ( ... & ",+ ,
c%
a i i& . h& ",` . h
. !1
+ ) !, - - - ,++, (..
! SRSS , e+ ,!
--- :
)( :
) (4 ) (-
) (4 ) (-
) (-- .
:
( ) (Em ) (--
.
(
.
)( ) (3): (4
) (3) (4
:
(
)( .
(
.
.
(
.
(
.
(
.
( )(
) (
) (
.
(
)(
.
--- :
) (-
.
-- :
. M
.
) S (--
).(--
M )(
).(--
--- : S
) .(--
.
).(--
S
)(.
--- : M
M )( :
M = 0.7 R . S )(-
:
M
).(-
M
).(P-
-- :
1 --- :
. M
--- : ) (
) (0.025) ( M
) .(0.7 sec ) (0.7 sec
0.020 )(.
)(
.
. M
)(
) (B) (F) (S ) (H ) (4 ) .(5
.
.
)-
.(-
--- :
) (-
) (- ) (30- 40 % ).(--
-- :
--- :
) (
: .
.
--- :
:
.150 mm
- 150 mm
.
-
:
150 mm 5 .
50 mm 20
.
.
1
-
25
).(--
- ) (
.250 mm
-
1
100 mm
30
) (.
- )(
1/12 .
.
H
)(
H /4 10 m
H /5.5 10 m 20 m
H /7 20m 30 m
H / 8.5 30 m 40 m
H / 10 40 m
-
.
--- :
-
).(--
-
).(--
--- :
- ) (--
.
-
.
) ( .
1% 2.5%
.
.
.
-
)(
)
1
(. Nu
2
)( :
:
( ) (Raft )
(
.
.
(
.
(
) (
) ( . ) ( 10%
50%
.
( ) (
.
(
.
) ) (- (.
.
)(-
--- :
)(
strap beam
.
)(
.
.
.
.
)(
. )
(
.
)( 70%
) (
:
( 1.2% .
( Mu
) (.
( )(
:
Qu = 2 Mu / h ) ( -
h .
(
.
)(
.
).(100 mm
)( ) (
10% .
.
)( ) (
) (
.
--- 1-c :
1- e h1 .& ` i1- _ h
_ ., . M
1-
!_ h% MT e& ) +
3 h1
, (.:
) ( = ( ) +
MT
2
M1
2
M2
)(-
+, h-) h _ e
M2
M1
:
( .1 !
& " `#
` i
h1 1
_c, i` M
.
:
h 1- !1 h1) h h (h_
-- )( ): (
cantilever wall
) (-! e
1 2
= PA KA H
2 )(-
: -+ e# )!!(.
2
)cos (
= KA
2 sin( + )sin( ) 2
cos cos( + )[1 + ]
)cos( + )cos(
)(-
: -. P AE
1 : K AE
% # & :
2
)cos (
= K AE
2 )sin( + )sin( 2
cosos cos( + + )[1 + ]
)cos( + + )cos(
)(-
:
: + .
:
&! h1."ec
:
h1.
: + h .
kh
1 k v
- = tan-1 = d
: d! & .e
) (- # (a) !, a 1!! (b) !,
H/3
0.6H : .
.h= 0.5H :
1 2
)( k V = k h
2 3
PAE 10% .
) : (-
1
= PPE K PE . . H 2 .(1 k V ) = PP + PP E )(-
2
)(.
1
= PP KP . . H2 )(-
2
)cos 2 (
= K PE 2
)(-
sin( + ).sin( + )
cos . cos 2 . cos( + ) 1 +
cos( + ).cos( )
)cos 2 (
= KP 2
)(-
sin( + ). sin( + )
cos 2 . cos( ) 1
cos( ). cos( )
) : (- , )(-
) (a!, a 1!! ) (Prism+ (b) !,
PPE PP
.
.
. c .!, :e
_ 1ca 1 .!,` & 1
!_ Q = 0 ,
$%
01"2
!!"
#-. &!'()*+
. #
+
:
456 F=3003
9 C=0$% 8-
g= 1.9 t/m3$% 0-:
#E@B
FG<!>.- ?!@A' BC<.$D
+
# .
:
1 -
30 P = 0 .6 t/m 2
0
= 30
25
C=0
= 1.9 t/m
W3
W4
W1
400
P1
E1
E2
W2
e2
W5
50
e3
a
e1
50 50 175
: !_ c
W1 = 0.3 * 4.25 * 2.5 = 3.188 t/m
W2 = 0.2 * 4.25 * 2.5/2 = 1.063 t/m
W3 = 0.2 * 4 * 1.9/2 = 0.76 t/m
W4 = 1.75 * 4 * 1.9 = 13.3 t/m
W5 = 2.75 * 0.5 * 2.5 = 3.438 t/m
P = 1.95 * 0.6 = 1.17 t/m
ka = (1-sin )/(1+sin ) =0.333 : %
e1 = 0.6 * 0.333 = 0.2 t/m
e2 = * h2 * Ka = 1.9 * 4 * 0.333 = 2.533 t/m
e3 = * h3 * Ka = 1.9 * 4.5 * 0.333 = 2.85 t/m
. " 1 - h
: 1,
# 1 1c
M = E2 * 4.5 / 3 + P2 * 4.5 /2 =6.413 * 4.5 /3 + 0.9* 4.5/2 = 11.644 tm/m
: 1 +
Ma = Mar Maa = 35.44 -11.64 = 23.8 t.m/m
ea = Ma / N = 23.8 / 22.919 = 1.038 m
e = 2.75 / 2 1.038 = 0.337 m
N 6 * e
1,2 = 1
A.B A
22.919 6 * 0.337
= 14.46 t/m =1.446 kg/cm2 < 2 O.K. max = 1+
2.75 2.75
22.919 6 * 0.337
= = 2.2 t/m min 1
2.75 2.75
35.44
> 1.5 = Fo & ", h+, :
11.64
)22.99(0.5) 22.99(0.5
>1.5 = & ", h++ Fs = :
6.413 + 0.9 E 2 + P2
e & ", !
- e ! i! e ` 1 % e` `a i! &
e ! ! & ! ` !
! :
sub = sat 1
& 1 i1
# 1 !, ! %&
- h% i1 _ + _ !, 1
e .
F F
L2 L2
L2 L2
F.L2
B.M.D F.L2
F
F
F
F S.F.D
F T.F.D
F
L3
L1 L2
FL3
F(L3+L2)
F.L3
B.M.D F
F(L3+L2)/L1
S.F.D
F
T.F.D
. , !- fc'=200 kg/cm ! +!#
fy = 4000 kg/cm _ &
! .qa= 3 kg/cm
e&!+ _! . & . !
he
! c.
:(
CV I
V = W
RT
Z = 0.25
Ca = 0.25, Cv = 0.25
qa = 3 kg / cm 2
I =1
R = 4 .5
3 3
TA = t (hn ) 4 = 0.0488 (4 3.6) 4 = 0.3607 sec
1.4 TA = 1.4 0.3607 = 0.505 sec
+ ! &
e % h1 + - -, _
.( -, , ` e _ )h1
T = 0.3607 sec
W = 4 1000 = 4000 t
0.25 1
V1 = 4000 = 616 t
4.5 0.3607
2.5Ca I 2.5 0.25 1
Vmax = W= 4000 = 555.6 t
R 4.5
Vmin = 0.11Ca IW = 0.11 .25 1 4000 = 110 t
Vmin = 110 t V Vmax = 555.6 t
V = Vmax = 555.6 t
:% '# A
(
4
V = Ft + Fi
i =1
T = 0.3607 sec Ft = 0 t
V wx hx
Fx = 4
w i =1
x hx
:"
e a ,ec! , !
555.6 3600
F1 = = 55.56 t
36000
555.6 7200
F2 = = 111.12 t
36000
555.6 10800
F3 = = 166.68 t
36000
555.6 14400
F4 = = 222.24 t
36000
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 55.56 + 111.12 + 166.68 + 222.24 = 555.6 t ok
: (* + % A (
x
j =1
i k yj
xCR = m
kj =1
yj
0 1 + 28 1.7
xCR = = 17.6 m
1 + 1.7
m
y
j =1
i k xj
yCR = m
k j =1
xj
6 2 + 18 3
yCR = = 13.2 m
2+3
:./B .
ex = xCR xCG = 17.6 14 = 3.6 m
e y = yCR yCG = 13.2 12 = 1.2 m
M t = V y ex Vx e y
ex = ex + 0.05 Lx = 3.6 + 0.05 28 = 5 m
e y = e y + 0.05 L y = 1.2 + 0.05 24 = 2.4 m
.- - - !0.05Ly 0.05Lx `a
M t = 55.6 5 0 2.4 = 278 t.m
. .
/6E A=
.. H' #:%
k xj k xj Y j
= Fxj Vx + Mt
k xj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
k yj k yj X j
= Fyj Vy + Mt
k yj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
e` i_ , h , . + i-
&&
# .
,!, 1 h 1 ).
#
#a c ,1 1!
A e - h # i -h
!, (.
C
Mt
C.R.
C.G.
A FY B
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 55.6 + 278 = 27.9 t
1 + 1.7 666.4
, h
,!" -1 ,
!" !:
.
A % +I=
..:
M t = 111 .12 5 0 2.4 = 555 .6 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 111.12 + 555.6 = 55.8 t
1 + 1.7 666.4
e` !, % !, a 1 e"
c.
:.. =
JI % A
.
M t = 166 .68 5 0 2.4 = 833 .4 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 166.68 + 833.4 = 83.7 t
1 + 1.7 666.4
:.. =
K/ % A
.
F4=111.6 t
3.6 m
F3=83.7 t
3.6 m
F2=55.8 t
3.6 m
F1=27.9 t
3.6 m
F4=111.6 t
3.6 m
F3=195.3 t
3.6 m
F2=251.1 t
3.6 m
F1=279 t
3.6 m
A
:/ A
N/O K
LM (
Comb . = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.5C a I DL + E )
Comb. = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.125 DL + E )
Comb. = 1.4575 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1E
N u = 1.4575 ( 4 100 + 4 0.2 12 2.5 3.6) + 0.55 ( 4 20) + 1.1 0 = 752 .9 t
M u = 1.4575 0 + 0.55 0 + 1.1 (111 .6 14.4 + 83.7 10.8 + 55.8 7.2 + 27.9 3.6)
M u = 3314 .52 t.m
Nu
0.9 = 0.9 0.5( 0.1) 0.7
Nc
N c = 0.85 f c' Ac' = 0.85 200 20 1200 10 3 = 4080 t
752.9
= 0.9 0.5( 0.1) = 0.858
4080
.. . h %e _ 1& + e h 1
Nu 752.9 103
= = 36.6 kg / cm 2
b h 0.858 20 1200
Mu 3314.52 105
2
= 2
= 13.4 kg / cm 2
bh 0.858 20 1200
! - ! ,e -
` :
' As = 0.006 b h = 0.006 20 100 = 12 cm 2 / m
h` - e! 0.003 ! ..
_! 1) 2x6T12/m h ' (2x6T10/m
2X6T10/m %1 1 e # 20x60 cm he 8T14 !
. 28/10 20cm %1
20
1200
LM ( :A
/8 2 V:
Wu = 1.4575 2.2 16 1 2.5 = 128 .26 t
M u = 3314 .52 + 306 .9 1 = 3621 .42 t .m
Nu M u
= y
A I
A = 2.2 16 = 35.2 m 2
b h 3 2.2 (16)3
I= = = 750.93 m 4
12 12
881.16 3621.42
max = + 8 = 25.03 + 38.58 = 63.61 t / m 2
35.2 750.93
881.16 3621.42
min = 8 = 25.03 38.58 = 13.55 t / m 2
35.2 750.93
Nu
Mu
Qu I
min I
max
Nu
e C
max 63.61
= > 2 max = 63.61 t / m2 > 2 30 = 60 t / m2 not ok
min
. /
9( O 7Z J O8:[M
3621.42
=e = 4.11 m
881.16
L 16
=C e = 4.11 = 3.89 m
2 2
2 Nu 2 881.16
= max = = 68.64 t / m2
3 C B 3 3.89 2.2
> / B:
68.64
=B 2.2 = 2.515 m
60
60
= max 2.515 = 58 t / m 2
2.6
)3C (2m 3 3.89 2
I I = max = 58 = 48 t / m 2
3C 3 3.89
V1 = 48 2 2.6 = 249.6 t
1
V2 = (58 48) 2 2.6 = 26 t
2
2
M u = 249.6 1 + 26 2 = 284.3 t.m
3
/8 8 H=100 cm
284.3 10 5
= As = 94.4 cm 2
0.9 0.9 93 4000
20T25 #OD+/ #
K '8T25/m