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25% .
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--- :
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U = 1.5 G + 1.8 P )..(b
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- :
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( 0.90 = 0.9 0.5 0.1) 0.7
Nc

N : .
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- . = 0.85

As
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4 kg/cm2 h1

, +
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1 !  ,_! 1 SC !  ! 
2.5 kg/cm2 h1
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R

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R
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--- ) : (

)(-
) ( C a
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Z=0.075 Z=0.15 Z=0.2 Z=0.25 Z=0.3 Z=0.4
SA 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.32 Na
SB 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 Na
SC 0.09 0.18 0.24 0.29 0.33 0.40 Na
SD 0.12 0.22 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.44 Na
SE 0.19 0.30 0.34 0.39 0.36 0.36 Na
SF )(

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.

 ) ( C v )(-
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Z=0.075 Z=0.15 Z=0.2 Z=0.25 Z=0.3 Z=0.4
SA 0.06 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.24 0.32 Nv
SB 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 Nv
SC 0.13 0.25 0.32 0.34 0.45 0.56 Nv
SD 0.18 0.32 0.40 0.47 0.54 0.64 Nv
SE 0.26 0.50 0.64 0.74 0.84 0.96 Nv
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10% .
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:
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E :

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(0.99 - 1.1*0.5Ca I) D - 1.1 E

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0.05
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Y = m .......... .....
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m :
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j=1 j y.j
X CR = m .......... ....
K y.j :Yj, Xj j
j=1
)

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:Ky.j ) ( j y

) ( j y .

:m ) ( .

)( ) ( )(

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)( Yf Vx )(.
)( Mt )(.
)Mt = Vy.Xf Vx.Yf (-

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K y.j K y.j.X j
= Fyj Vy +
2 2
M t .......... )(-
K y.j ) (K y.j X j + K x.j .Yj

K x.j K x.j .Yj

= Fxj Vx +
2 2
M t ............ )(-
K x.j ) (K y.j X j + K x.j .Yj

Vy

Mt = Vy.Xf Xfj

0.05 x .

 Vx = 0 Fxj x
.x
Vy

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--- ) (

)(

.
) (
) (
.
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:
.

.

  . ,
 !- fc'=200 kg/cm ! +!#
fy = 4000 kg/cm _ &

! .qa= 3 kg/cm  

e&!+ _!
. & . !   
 he 
!  c.
 (  

   :

 CV I
V = W
RT
Z = 0.25
C a = 0.25, C v = 0.25
q a = 3 kg / cm 2
I =1
R = 4 .5
3 3
TA = t (hn ) 4 = 0.0488 (4 3.6) 4 = 0.3607 sec
1.4 TA = 1.4 0.3607 = 0.505 sec
+   ! &
 e % h1  +
-
-,  _
 
.(
-,
,   ` e _
  )h1 
T = 0.3607 sec
W = 4 1000 = 4000 t
0.25 1
V1 = 4000 = 616 t
4.5 0.3607
2.5Ca I 2.5 0.25 1
Vmax = W= 4000 = 555.6 t
R 4.5
Vmin = 0.11Ca IW = 0.11 .25 1 4000 = 110 t
Vmin = 110 t V Vmax = 555.6 t
V = Vmax = 555.6 t
:% '#  A
(   
 
   
4
V = Ft + Fi
i =1

T = 0.3607 sec Ft = 0 t

V wx hx
Fx = 4

w i =1
x hx

N = 1 w1 = 1000 t , h1 = 3.6 m w1 h1 = 3600

N = 2 w2 = 1000 t , h2 = 7.2 m w2 h2 = 7200

N = 3 w3 = 1000 t , h3 = 10.8 m w3 h3 = 10800

N = 4 w4 = 1000 t , h4 = 14.4 m w4 h4 = 14400

w x hx = 3600 + 7200 + 10800 + 14400 = 36000

:"
e a
,ec! , !

 555.6 3600
F1 = = 55.56 t
36000
555.6 7200
F2 = = 111.12 t
36000
555.6 10800
F3 = = 166.68 t
36000
555.6 14400
F4 = = 222.24 t
36000
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 55.56 + 111.12 + 166.68 + 222.24 = 555.6 t ok
: (*  + %  A ( 
 
   

 8  .  67 ./ 234 0 :% 

  ./  .
.(9
 = /3
 +  23; >= + )  9
 
m

x
j =1
i k yj
xCR = m

kj =1
yj

0 1 + 28 1.7
xCR = = 17.6 m
1 + 1.7
m

y
j =1
i k xj
yCR = m

k j =1
xj

6 2 + 18 3
yCR = = 13.2 m
2+3

:./B  .
ex = xCR xCG = 17.6 14 = 3.6 m
e y = yCR yCG = 13.2 12 = 1.2 m

: Y  . =  /6E #D8 . .

M t = V y ex Vx e y
ex = ex + 0.05 Lx = 3.6 + 0.05 28 = 5 m
e y = e y + 0.05 L y = 1.2 + 0.05 24 = 2.4 m
.-
   -
-  !0.05Ly 0.05Lx `a
M t = 55.6 5 0 2.4 = 278 t.m

  . . 
 /6E   A= 
 ..  H' #:%

k xj k xj Y j
= Fxj Vx + Mt
k xj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
k yj k yj X j
= Fyj Vy + Mt
k yj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
   e` i_
, h , . + i- 
 &&
 
#   .
 
 
 
,!, 
1 h 1 ).
# 
#a  c ,1 
1!
 
  A e 
- h   # i
-h
!, 
(.

C
Mt

C.R.
C.G.

A FY B

 1 , 
-,!  ,:

(k yj X + k xjY ) = 1 17.6 + 1.7 10.4 + 2 4.04 7.22 + 3 4.04 4.82 = 1192
2
j j
2 2 2

k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 55.6 + 278 = 24.68 t
1 + 1.7 1192
  
, h

,!" -1   , 

 !" !:
. 
 
     A % +I= 
 ..:

M t = 111 .12 5 0 2.4 = 555 .6 t.m

k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 111.12 + 555.6 = 49.36 t
1 + 1.7 1192
 e`   !,  % !, a 1 e"
c.
. 
 
     A % JI= 
 ..:

M t = 166 .68 5 0 2.4 = 833 .4 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 166.68 + 833.4 = 74.04 t
1 + 1.7 1192
:.. = 
 K/ %  A 
 
   .
M t = 222 .24 5 0 2.4 = 1111 .2 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 222.24 + 1111.2 = 98.72 t
1 + 1.7 1192

F4=98.72 t
F4=98.72 t
3.6 m
F4=74.04 t 3.6 m
F4=172.76 t
3.6 m
F4=49.36 t 3.6 m
F4=222.12 t
3.6 m
F4=24.68 t 3.6 m
F4=246.8 t

3.6 m
3.6 m

A
A 


 
 

 
 

:/   A
  N/O K
 LM (
Comb. = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.5Ca I DL + E )
Comb. = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.125 DL + E )
Comb. = 1.4575 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1E
N u = 1.4575 ( 4 100 + 4 0.2 12 2.5 3.6) + 0.55 ( 4 20) + 1.1 0 = 752 .9 t
M u = 1.4575 0 + 0.55 0 + 1.1 (98.72 14.4 + 74.04 10.8 + 49.36 7.2 + 24.68 3.6)
M u = 2931 .98 t.m

 Nu
(0.9 = 0.9 0.5 0.1) 0.7
Nc
N c = 0.85 f c' Ac' = 0.85 200 20 1200 10 3 = 4080 t
752.9
( = 0.9 0.5 0.1) = 0.858
4080
1  e h+& 1 _
e
%  . h ..
Nu 752.9 103
= = 36.6 kg / cm 2
b h 0.858 20 1200
Mu 2931.98 105
2
= 2
= 11.9 kg / cm 2
bh 0.858 20 1200

!   
- !
,e 
-

`    :
'As = 0.006 b h = 0.006 20 100 = 12 cm 2 / m
  h` 
- e! 0.003 !  
..
  _! 1) 2x6T12/m   h ' (2x6T10/m
2X6T10/m %1 1 e
# 20x60 cm he 8T14 !
. 28/10 20cm %1

 20
1200

:A  LM (

N 'u = 752.9 t , M 'u = 2931.98 t.m, Qu = 1.1 246.8 = 271.48 t

:V 2  /8
Wu = 1.4575 2.2 16 1 2.5 = 128 .26 t

M u = 2931 .98 + 271 .48 1 = 3203 .46 t .m

N u = 752 .9 + 128 .26 = 881 .16 t

N u = 881 .16 t , M u = 3203 .46 t.m

Nu M u
= y
A I

L=1600cm ' B=220 cm / /8

A = 2.2 16 = 35.2 m 2

b h3 2.2 (16)3
I= = = 750.93 m 4
12 12

881.16 3203.46
max = + 8 = 25.03 + 34.13 = 59.16 t / m 2
35.2 750.93
881.16 3203.46
min = 8 = 25.03 34.13 = 9.1 t / m 2
35.2 750.93

Nu
Mu

Qu I
I

Nu
 min

max
max 59.16
= > 2 max = 59.16 t / m2 2 30 = 60 t / m2 ok
min

3203.13
e= = 3.64 m
881.16
L 16
C= e = 3.64 = 4.36 m
2 2
2 Nu 2 881.16
max = = = 61.24 t / m 2
3 C B 3 4.36 2.2

:[M J Z7 %

(D . / .

2.2
max = 61.24 = 59 t / m 2
2.3
3C (2m) 3 4.36 2
I I = max = 59 = 50 t / m 2
3C 3 4.36

V1 = 50 2 2.3 = 230 t

1
V2 = (59 50) 2 2.3 = 20.7 t
2
2
M u = 230 1 + 20.7 2 = 258 t.m
3
H=100 cm  8 /8

 258 105
= As = 86 cm 2
0.9 0.9 93 4000
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 1
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25

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W3

W4
W1
400

P1

E1
E2
W2

e2
W5
50

e3
a
e1
50 50 175

:
!_ c
W1 = 0.3 * 4.25 * 2.5 = 3.188 t/m 
W2 = 0.2 * 4.25 * 2.5/2 = 1.063 t/m 
W3 = 0.2 * 4 * 1.9/2 = 0.76 t/m

W4 = 1.75 * 4 * 1.9 = 13.3 t/m

W5 = 2.75 * 0.5 * 2.5 = 3.438 t/m 
P = 1.95 * 0.6 = 1.17 t/m


ka = (1-sin )/(1+sin ) =0.333 :
%
e1 = 0.6 * 0.333 = 0.2 t/m
e2 = * h2 * Ka = 1.9 * 4 * 0.333 = 2.533 t/m
e3 = * h3 * Ka = 1.9 * 4.5 * 0.333 = 2.85 t/m
. " 
 1   -   h

: c  1   . 1 

E1 = e2 * 4 / 2 = 2.533 * 2 = 5.066 t/m
E2 = e3 * 4.5 / 2 = 2.85 * 2.25 = 6.413 t/m
P1 = e1 * 4 = 0.2 * 4 = 0.8 t/m
P2 = e2 * 4.5 = 0.2*4.5 = 0.9 t/m

N = W + P = 3.188+1.063+0.76+13.3+3.438+1.17 = 22.919 t/m

: ( # 1)  1 1c

M = E1 * 4 / 3 + P1 * 4 /2 = 5.066 * 4 /3 + 0.8 * 4/2 = 8.35 tm/m

: 1,
# 1 1c
M = E2 * 4.5 / 3 + P2 * 4.5 /2 =6.413 * 4.5 /3 + 0.9* 4.5/2 = 11.644 tm/m

: a
, 1 - 

Mar = W1(x1 ) + W2(x2) + W3(x3) + W4(x4) + W5(x5) + P(xp)
=3.188*0.65+1.063*1.17+0.76*0.933+13.3*1.875+3.438*1.375 +
1.17 * 1.775 = 35.44 t.m/m

: a
, 1 , 

Maa = E2* 4.5 / 3 + P2 * 4.5 / 2 = 6.413*4.5/3 + 0.9 * 2.25 = 11.64 t.m/m

:
 1 +
Ma = Mar Maa = 35.44 -11.64 = 23.8 t.m/m
ea = Ma / N = 23.8 / 22.919 = 1.038 m
e = 2.75 / 2 1.038 = 0.337 m

N 6 * e
1,2 = 1
A.B A
22.919 6 * 0.337
= 14.46 t/m =1.446 kg/cm2 < 2 O.K. max = 1+
2.75 2.75

 22.919 6 * 0.337
= = 2.2 t/m min 1
2.75 2.75

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 :(   

  
CV I
V = W
RT
Z = 0.25
Ca = 0.25, Cv = 0.25
qa = 3 kg / cm 2
I =1
R = 4 .5
3 3
TA = t (hn ) 4 = 0.0488 (4 3.6) 4 = 0.3607 sec
1.4 TA = 1.4 0.3607 = 0.505 sec
+   ! &
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.(
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0.25 1
V1 = 4000 = 616 t
4.5 0.3607
2.5Ca I 2.5 0.25 1
Vmax = W= 4000 = 555.6 t
R 4.5
Vmin = 0.11Ca IW = 0.11 .25 1 4000 = 110 t
Vmin = 110 t V Vmax = 555.6 t
V = Vmax = 555.6 t
:% '#  A
(   
 
   
4
V = Ft + Fi
i =1

T = 0.3607 sec Ft = 0 t

V wx hx
Fx = 4

w i =1
x hx

N = 1 w1 = 1000 t , h1 = 3.6 m w1 h1 = 3600

N = 2 w2 = 1000 t , h2 = 7.2 m w2 h2 = 7200

N = 3 w3 = 1000 t , h3 = 10.8 m w3 h3 = 10800

N = 4 w4 = 1000 t , h4 = 14.4 m w4 h4 = 14400

w x hx = 3600 + 7200 + 10800 + 14400 = 36000

 :"
e a
,ec! , !
555.6 3600
F1 = = 55.56 t
36000
555.6 7200
F2 = = 111.12 t
36000
555.6 10800
F3 = = 166.68 t
36000
555.6 14400
F4 = = 222.24 t
36000
F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 55.56 + 111.12 + 166.68 + 222.24 = 555.6 t ok
: (*  + %  A ( 
 
   

 8  .  67 ./ 234 0 :% 

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.(9
 = /3
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m

x
j =1
i k yj
xCR = m

kj =1
yj

0 1 + 28 1.7
xCR = = 17.6 m
1 + 1.7
m

y
j =1
i k xj
yCR = m

k j =1
xj

6 2 + 18 3
yCR = = 13.2 m
2+3

:./B  .
ex = xCR xCG = 17.6 14 = 3.6 m
e y = yCR yCG = 13.2 12 = 1.2 m

: Y  . =  /6E #D8 . .

M t = V y ex Vx e y
ex = ex + 0.05 Lx = 3.6 + 0.05 28 = 5 m
e y = e y + 0.05 L y = 1.2 + 0.05 24 = 2.4 m
.-
   -
-  !0.05Ly 0.05Lx `a
M t = 55.6 5 0 2.4 = 278 t.m

  . . 
 /6E   A= 
 ..  H' #:%

k xj k xj Y j
= Fxj Vx + Mt
k xj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
k yj k yj X j
= Fyj Vy + Mt
k yj (k yj ) X 2j + k xjY j2
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 &&
 
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C.G.

A FY B

 1 , 
-,!  ,:

(k yj X + k xjY ) = 1 17.6 + 1.7 10.4 + 2 7.22 + 3 4.82 = 666.4
2
j j
2 2 2

k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 55.6 + 278 = 27.9 t
1 + 1.7 666.4
  
, h

,!" -1   , 

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. 
 
     A % +I= 
 ..:
M t = 111 .12 5 0 2.4 = 555 .6 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
= FyA 111.12 + 555.6 = 55.8 t
1 + 1.7 666.4
 e`   !,  % !, a 1 e"
c.

 :.. = 
 JI %  A 
 
   .
M t = 166 .68 5 0 2.4 = 833 .4 t.m
k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 166.68 + 833.4 = 83.7 t
1 + 1.7 666.4
:.. = 
 K/ %  A 
 
   .

M t = 222 .24 5 0 2.4 = 1111 .2 t.m

k xj = 0, Vx = 0 FxA = 0 t
1 1 17.6
FyA = 222.24 + 1111.2 = 111.6 t
1 + 1.7 666.4

F4=111.6 t

3.6 m
F3=83.7 t

3.6 m
F2=55.8 t

3.6 m
F1=27.9 t

3.6 m

A        



 F4=111.6 t

3.6 m
F3=195.3 t

3.6 m
F2=251.1 t

3.6 m
F1=279 t

3.6 m

A     
 
 

:/   A
  N/O K
 LM (
Comb . = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.5C a I DL + E )
Comb. = 1.1 (1.2 DL + 0.5 LL + 0.125 DL + E )
Comb. = 1.4575 DL + 0.55 LL + 1.1E
N u = 1.4575 ( 4 100 + 4 0.2 12 2.5 3.6) + 0.55 ( 4 20) + 1.1 0 = 752 .9 t
M u = 1.4575 0 + 0.55 0 + 1.1 (111 .6 14.4 + 83.7 10.8 + 55.8 7.2 + 27.9 3.6)
M u = 3314 .52 t.m
Nu
0.9 = 0.9 0.5( 0.1) 0.7
Nc
N c = 0.85 f c' Ac' = 0.85 200 20 1200 10 3 = 4080 t
752.9
= 0.9 0.5( 0.1) = 0.858
4080
.. . h
 %e  _
1& + e h  1
Nu 752.9 103
= = 36.6 kg / cm 2
b h 0.858 20 1200
Mu 3314.52 105
2
= 2
= 13.4 kg / cm 2
bh 0.858 20 1200

 !   
- !
,e 
-
`    :
' As = 0.006 b h = 0.006 20 100 = 12 cm 2 / m
  h` 
- e! 0.003 !  
..
  _! 1) 2x6T12/m   h ' (2x6T10/m
2X6T10/m %1 1 e
# 20x60 cm he 8T14 !
. 28/10 20cm %1
20

1200

LM (  :A

N ' u = 752 .9 t , M ' u = 3314 .52 t .m, Qu = 1.1 279 = 306 .9 t

/8  2 V:
Wu = 1.4575 2.2 16 1 2.5 = 128 .26 t

M u = 3314 .52 + 306 .9 1 = 3621 .42 t .m

N u = 752 .9 + 128 .26 = 881 .16 t

N u = 881 .16 t , M u = 3621 .42 t .m

Nu M u
= y
A I

L=1600cm ' B=220 cm / /8

A = 2.2 16 = 35.2 m 2

b h 3 2.2 (16)3
I= = = 750.93 m 4
12 12

881.16 3621.42
max = + 8 = 25.03 + 38.58 = 63.61 t / m 2
35.2 750.93

881.16 3621.42
min = 8 = 25.03 38.58 = 13.55 t / m 2
35.2 750.93

Nu
Mu

Qu I
min I
max
Nu
e C

max 63.61
= > 2 max = 63.61 t / m2 > 2 30 = 60 t / m2 not ok
min

 .  /  
  9(  O 7Z  J  O8:[M

3621.42
=e = 4.11 m
881.16

L 16
=C e = 4.11 = 3.89 m
2 2

2 Nu 2 881.16
= max = = 68.64 t / m2
3 C B 3 3.89 2.2

> /  B:

68.64
=B 2.2 = 2.515 m
60

D]+ /  .  D> 7Z  f(  O8:

60
= max 2.515 = 58 t / m 2
2.6
)3C (2m 3 3.89 2
I I = max = 58 = 48 t / m 2
3C 3 3.89

V1 = 48 2 2.6 = 249.6 t

1
V2 = (58 48) 2 2.6 = 26 t
2

2
M u = 249.6 1 + 26 2 = 284.3 t.m
3

/8 8  H=100 cm

284.3 10 5
= As = 94.4 cm 2
0.9 0.9 93 4000

  20T25 #OD+/ # 
 K '8T25/m

  ! &e h ! & e .` i&
h ` e

. 6T18/m `a ! e+ i! % h  # 
+ i % % h  .#