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Fertilization - Humans, Body, Used, Water, Process, Plants, Form, Animals, System, Cells, Fertilization in Humans, Fertilization in Other Species
Fertilization - Humans, Body, Used, Water, Process, Plants, Form, Animals, System, Cells, Fertilization in Humans, Fertilization in Other Species
fuses (combines) with the nucleus of an egg (a female reproductive cell; also called an
ovum).
Read more: Fertilization - humans, body, used, water, process, plants, form, animals,
system, cells, Fertilization in humans, Fertilization in other species
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The Male: On the average, taller and heavier than the female.
1. Head hair: may fall out with age. 2. Facial hair: grows throughout adult life.
3, Features: more pronounced, face longer, head (front to back) longer. 4. Neck:
thicker, longer, larynx one-third larger. 5. Shoulders: broader, squarer. 6. Chest:
larger in every dimension. 7. Body hair: more evident, especially on chest and
arms. 8. Breasts: rudimentary in size. 9. Muscles: bigger, more obvious. 10.
Arms: longer, thicker, "carrying angle" straight. 11. Pubic hair: growing up to a
point, forming triangle. 12. Hips: narrower. 13. Hands and feet: larger, fingers and
toes stronger and blunter. 14. Thighs: more cylindrical with bulge of muscles. 15.
Legs: longer, bulging calves. 16. Angle of thigh and leg; as with "carrying angle"
of arm, forming straight line, thigh to ankle.
The Female: On the average, shorter and lighter than the male.
1. Head hair: more lasting. 2. Facial hair: very faint, usually noticeable only in
later years, 3. Features: more delicate, face rounder, head smaller, rounder (from
top). 4. Neck: shorter, more rounded, larynx smaller. 5. Shoulders: more rounded,
sloping. 6. Chest: smaller, narrower. 7. Body Hair: very light and faint. 8. Breasts:
prominent, also well-developed nipples with large surrounding rings, 9. Muscles:
largely hidden under layers of fat. 10. Arms: "carrying angle" bent. 11. Pubic hair:
forming straight line across at top. 12. Hips: wider, more rounded. 13. Hands and
feet: smaller and narrower. 14. Thighs: wider at top and shorter in length, 15.
Legs: shorter with smoother contours. 16. Angle of thigh and leg; as with
"carrying angle" of arm, slightly bent, forming an ang!e at the knee. .
and buttocks gives the female body its generally rounder appearance. The first
menstruation (also known as menarche) indicates approaching sexual maturity.
In the beginning, the menstrual cycles are still irregular, and in some of them
there may be no ovulation. In other words, for a while a girl may menstruate and
still be largely infertile. Indeed, a woman usually gains her full reproductive
capacity only one or two years after her first menstruation.
At the end of puberty, the breasts have developed their typica! rounded shape
and thus become the most obvious female secondary sexual characteristic.
However, they do not produce milk until after pregnancy. (See "Birth.")
umumnya tidak memiliki yolk, dibuahi disaluran telur sewaktu bergerak kearahuterus dan
pembelahan-pembelahan awalnya berlangsung kurang dari 24 jam.Pembelahannya adalah
meridional tidak ekual. Pembelahan berikutnya agak tidak teratur, tetapi dengan cepat
membentuk suatu bola padat berisi sel, yang disebutmorulla.
2.2.2. Stadium Morula
Morula merupakan pembelahan sel yang terjadi setelah sel berjumlah 32 seldan
berakhir bila sel sudah menghasilkan sejumlah blastomer yang
berukurans a m a a k a n t e t a p i u k u r a n n ya l e b i h k e c i l . S e l t e r s e b u t
Gambar 2.5. Proses Grastulasi ManusiaGrastulasi pada manusia terjadi pada blastokista
yang terdiri atas tropoblastdan masa sel dalam yang merupakan bakal tumbuh
embrio. Pemisahan pertamad a r i s e l - s e l p a d a m a s a s e l d a l a m a d a l a h
u n t u k p e m b e n t u k a n h i p o b l a s t , y a n g membatasi rongga blastula dan yang
akan mejadi endoderm kantung yolk. Sisadari masa sel dalam yang terletak
diatas hipoblast terbentu suatu keping, yang d i s e b u t k e p i n g e m b r i o .
E p i b l a s t m e m i s a h k a n d i r i , d e n g a n m e m b e n t u k s u a t u rongga yang disebut
amnion, dari epiblast yang mengandung semua bahan untuk pembentukan tubuhnya, jadi
identik dengan epiblast pada burung.Sambil epiblastmengalami grastulasi. Sel-sel
ekstra embrio mulai membentuk jaringan khusus agar embrio dapat hidup dalam
uterus induk. Sel-sel tropoblast membentuk suatu p o p u l a s i s e l d a n
membentuk sinsistropoblast. Sinsitropoblast
m e m a s u k i permukaan uterus sehingg uterus tertanam dalam uterus.
U t e r u s s e b a l i k n y a membentuk banyak pembuluh darah yang berhubungan
dengan sinsitropoblast.T i d a k l a m a s e s u d a h i n i , m e s o d e r m m e l u a s
k e l u a r e m b r i o . P e m b u l u h i n i merupakan pembuluh darah dari tali
puasat dan berda pada tangkai penyokong. Jaringan tropoblast dengan mesoderm
yang mengandung pembuluh darah dari tali pusat berada pada tangki penyokong.
Jaringan tropoblast dengan mesoderm yangmengandung pembuluh darah disebut
korion dengan dinding uterus membetuk plasenta. Korion dapat berlekatan
sekali dengan jaringan maternal, tetapi masih dapat berdekatan sekali atau dapat
berdekatan sangat erat sehingga kedua jaringantidak dapat dipisahkan tanpa merusak
jaringan induk manpun fetus
The blastula is usually a hollow sphere. Its wall may vary from one to several cells in
thickness. In eggs which contain considerable amounts of yolk the blastocoele may be
eccentric in position, that is, shifted toward the animal pole. The animal portion of its
wall is always completely divided into relatively small cells, whereas the vegetative
portion tends to be composed of relatively large cells and may be incompletely cellulated
in certain species. The blastocoele contains a gelatinous or jellylike fluid, which
originates in part as a secretion by the blastomeres and in part by passage of water
through the blastomeres or intercellular material, or both, into the blastocoele.
The wall of the blastula is a mosaic of cellular areas, each of which will normally
produce a certain structure during subsequent development. In other words, each area of
cells in the wall of the blastula has a certain prospective fate which will be realized in
normal development.