4 The diagram below shows four different forms of carbon. Carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerene are similar in structure to substance B. {a) (b) (c) (a) Set Carbon Nanotubes Buckminsterfullerene Identify substance A and substance B. Predict the electrical conductivity of the carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerence. Explain your answer in relation to their structure and bonding. State two similar physical properties, other than electrical conductivity, of the four different forms of carbon shown above. Graphite is used as the material to make pencil lead in pencils for writing whereas diamond, which is another form of carbon, is used as tips of drills for drilling very hard surfaces. Use your knowledge of structure and bonding in these two substances, account for the differences in their physical properties and uses in each case. (1 13] (21 4)‘@) Substance A is diamond and substance B is graphite b) Both the carbon nanotubes and buckminsterfullerence can conduct electricity. {n both structures, each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other.carbon atoms by covalent bonds, only 3 out of the 4 valence electrons in each carbon atom are used in bonding. / There is 1 electron per carbon atom not involved in bonding. These electrons are free to move to conduct electricity. c) High metting/ boiling points OR Solids at room temperature OR Insoluble in water and organic solvents In graphite, layers of hexagonal rinas of carbon atoms lie held on top of each other and are held together by weak Van der Waals forces. These forces allow the lavers to slide over each other easily. This makes graphite soft and slippery to be used as pencil lead for writing. dj in diamond, the carbon atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral arrangement and are joined together by strong covalent bonds which extend throughout the entire 3-7 dimensional structure. This makes diamond very hard for drilling very hard surfaces.1a) ) @ In recent years, scientists have made tube-shaped structures of carbon called nanotubes. carbon atom What is the type of structure-ptesent in the nanotubes? (1 Carbon nanotubes are ily times stronger than steel. ‘Suggast why carbon nanotubes are'so strang. 1 ‘Do you think carbon nanotubes will conduct electricity? Explain. 2 The melting point of. ted to be higher than that of the nanotubes. Why? (2)| Tal Thar int maeromoleclar structure {B} Cartonstons inte nanotabes are hed by strong dvaert bonds na inetwork, tt {c) Eachetrbon atomsis bonded te three carbon ators sooniystee cut offeus tlacrens ae used fr bonding, Thee Sone valence elecron nat usedfor bonding | ry eee, there ar dloclsed electrons which are motile a onduct elect 8) le) tacn carbon stemin diamonds bonded with ur carton stoms ined of wit only {tree carton atone inthe rarotubes ‘More energy is reoured to breathe covalent bond isthe damon ean5. Compound X is soluble in water while compound ¥ is not. Compound X and Compound Y Add water and fitter + Solution X Residue Y Add aqueous} warm with Al powder: Jwarm with dilute: NaOH and aqueous NaOH H2S0,, 4 White ppt A Colouriess gas B ‘Add aqueous NaOH insoluble in turns red litmus buadeereal excess NaOH blue Add dilute HNO;; and aqueous BatNOs)e ‘ biue ppt D White ppt € insoluble in excess NaOH Identify the substances X, Y, A, B, € and D. (6) x Y: A B: c: D: