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CGE653
HSE Chapter 5

Emergency Response
Plan (ERP)

Learning objectives
Able to explain the importance of
emergency planning
Able to describe the criteria of emergency
planning

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EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN -

Definition

Emergency - Incidents that threaten; based upon the

impact; human life, health, property and/or the
environment if not responded to, contained, or
eliminated properly. It can be the result of natural
and/or human causes.
Disaster/Crisis - Significant incident which has
reached a threshold of impact requiring a full (or
partial) mobilization of the available resources

EMERGENCY + UNPREPAREDNESS
= COST +++

INCIDENT

UNPREPAREDNESS
EXPENSIVE
LESSON

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COST OF UNPREPAREDNESS
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Legal

Environment

Medical Human

Business

Property Damage 5

EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (ERP)

PLAN PRACTICE

A plan that is developed, for

implementation & maintain in order
protect life, environment, and property
through A RAPID MITIGATION,
PREPARATION FOR, RESPONDING
TO, and RECOVERING FROM disasters
and emergencies
ADJUST EVALUATE

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Phases of Emergency
Management Plan
1. Prevention
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery

Prevention
On-going activities to reduce the risk of
health, life, property, and the environment
from hazards.
A long term approach to looking at the
fundamentals of emergency planning
the goal is to identify and minimize risks

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Preparedness
The state of readiness
level to ensure that
required resources are
available to effectively
respond and mitigate the
consequences of an
emergency.

Response
The organized response of a team of train
responders to an emergency.

May include outside resources as well as

company personnel.

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Recovery
The final task of
rebuilding after an
emergency in the
emergency
management cycle.
Recovery continues
until all systems
return to normal, or
near normal.
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Emergency Management

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OBJECTIVES of an ERP
1. Increase respondents preparedness for
emergency
2. Meet legal requirements
3. Prevent and eliminate risk of injuries & loss of
life
4. Conserve & preserve the environment
5. Minimize property damage
6. Provide immediate resumption of normal
operations
7. Protect image/reputation
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PURPOSE OF an ERP
As a guidance on actions to be taken in organising
personnel and resources in the event of an emergency
To provide immediate & appropriate responses
To ensure that the emergency is ended with utmost
speed & normal safe working conditions are resumed
To ensure that all emergency equipment is maintained
properly, ready for use and personnel are trained in the
use of the equipment and the emergency procedure
To coordinate the responses of off-site emergency
services
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LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT 1994
(Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards) Regulation 1996
Regulation 18 : On-Site Emergency Plan
Regulation 19 : Updating of On-Site Emergency Plan
Regulation 20 : Review of On-Site Emergency Plan
Regulation 21 : Off-Site Emergency Plan
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) Section 34A
Under the guidelines issued by the Department of
Environment Malaysia, Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is
one of the procedural requirements for EIA Report approval
under Chapter 9.2 i.e. when there is a risk of upset. 15

ISO 14001 REQUIREMENTS

Clause 4.4.7 (Emergency Preparedness & Response)
The organisation shall establish and maintain procedures to
identify potential for and response to accidents and
emergency situations, and for preventing and mitigating the
environmental impacts that may be associated with them.
The organisation shall review and revise, where necessary,
its emergency preparedness and response procedures, in
particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency
situations.
The organisation shall also periodically test such procedures
where practicable. 16

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NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL DIRECTIVE NO. 20

(Majlis Keselamatan Negara Arahan No. 20)

MKN 20 came into force on 11 May 1997 following its

approval by YAB Prime Minister of Malaysia whereby the
objectives are :-
(a) to outline a multi-tiered Disaster Management &
Assistance Policy for any land-based Disaster; and
(b) to create a Management Mechanism which determines
the roles & responsibilities of Government Agencies that
are involved in the mitigation of any Disaster.
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Type of Hazards
Biological (bacterial, fungal, pest)

Physical (falling, tripping)

Chemical (toxicants, flammable,

carcinogenic)

Mechanical (cutting, shearing,

stabbing, crushing, friction) 20

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Type of hazard
Electrical hazard

Ergonomics deviation

Psychosocial
Environmental factors (noise,
temperature, humidity, light, vibration)
Poor governance
Failure in work process and system
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WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR ERP?

Legal requirement
Duty of care
Economic reasons
Social Obligation

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WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR ERP?

A SWIFT reaction is essential!

Speed response to emergency can differentiate between

life and death or between minimal damage and major
damage.
Reaction with minimum hesitation can prevent panic,
decrease likelihood of injury and damage and bring the
situation under control in a timely manner.
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Advantages of ERP
1. To reduce the amount of thinking time after
an incident has occurred.
2. To quickly control and contain the incident
and minimize the extent of damage.
3. To minimize the suffering of affected
persons
4. It helps companies to fulfill their obligation to
protect employees, the community and the
environment.
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Advantages of ERP
5. It enhances a companys ability to recover
from financial losses, regulatory fines, loss
of market share, damages to equipment or
products or business interruptions.
6. It reduces exposure to civil or criminal
liability in the event of an emergency.

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The Ten Commandments of

Emergency Response
1. Command
2. Containment
3. Control
4. Communication
5. Confirmation
6. Coordination
7. Cooperation
8. Cohesion
9. Competence
Conforming
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10.

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Typical Phases in
Development of Emergency

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Components of an Emergency
Plan Before the Event
Get top management official authorization
Select an effective team, committed and
active from all level and department
Identify legislative requirement
Review internal plans and policies
Identify potential hazards
Conduct consequential analysis
Identify internal resources and capability
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Components of an Emergency
Plan Before the Event
Identify external resources that could be
needed in an emergency
Assess internal and external resources
Meet with external resources
Identify challenges and priorities
Detail course of action and assign
responsibilities
Distribute course of action to those who are
responsible 29

Components of an Emergency
Plan Before the Event
Ensure those responsible understand their
respective roles and responsibilities
Train those involved in possible realistic
scenario
Conduct simulation, drill and table top
exercises with outside agencies
Evaluate and modify if necessary

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Components of an Emergency
Plan Before the Event
Seek approval from top management
Integrate the plan into company operations
Do an insurance review

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Components of an Emergency
Plan During the Event
Must be planned beforehand
1. Identify the area under immediate threat

2. Stop hazard at source and prevent excalation

3. Initiate site response, security surveillance,

perimeter control and paramedics
4. Identify the challenges and prioritize activities

5. Mobilize resources and logistical support

6. Protect critical products, vital records and

services
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Components of an Emergency
Plan During the Event
7. Call in skilled personal and selected off duty
personal
8. Initiate mutual aid from neighboring
organization
9. Inform emergency services and liaise with
them upon arrival
10. Consider emergency shutdown
11. Take photos or use camcorder as evidence
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Components of an Emergency
Plan During the Event
12. Log all events, decisions and actions
13. Activate emergency communication information
links
14. Initiate emergency and management control
points
15. Initiate welfare needs and relief crew
16. Minimize disruption to business operations
17. Prevent a significant long term loss of business
recovery
18. Maintain safe conditions for staff and visitors34

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Components of an Emergency
Plan after the Event
1. Preservation of evidence
2. Accident investigation
3. Accident notification and reports
4. Site safety and security
5. Assist authorities in investigation
6. Temporary services and operations
7. Site clearance
8. Financial planning
9. Counselling 35

Components of an Emergency
Plan after the Event
Health and safety
Post mortem and lessons learned
Put it all together again physical and
environmental restoration and reconstruction

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A Good Emergency
Preparedness Plan
Written
Portable
Accessible
Practical, Effective, Efficient
Clear, Concise, Simple
Flexible, Revisable
Comprehensive, Relevant
Supported by Management
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ER Capability depends on 3
criteria

THE EMERGENCY ORGANISATION

(MANPOWER)

THE EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

(MODE)

THE EMERGENCY FACILITIES

(MACHINE)

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ELEMENTS in an ERP

Plan Administration & Maintenance

Information
Emergency Action Procedure and Format

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PLAN ADMINISTRATION &

MAINTENANCE
Distribution List
Preventive Maintenance & Testing
Training & Drill Schedule
Plan Review & Updates
Equipment Alarm Testing
Evaluation & Audit Reports
Debriefing
Amendment List
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INFORMATION
Emergency Organisation Chart
Roles and Responsibilities
Notification List and Call Out List
Plant Site, Maps and Security
Equipment & Facilities List
Evacuation, Rescue & First Aid Operation Procedures
Emergency Shutdown Procedure
List & Location of Hazardous Materials, incl. MSDS
Audit Checklist 41

EMERGENCY ACTION
PROCEDURE AND FORMAT

Specific Emergency Response

Procedures
Notification & Call Out Lists
Alarm Sequence
Relative and Media Response Procedure
Termination of Emergency

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The Response to Emergency

should be Directed towards
1. Saving life
2. Caring for the injured
3. Protection of the environment
4. Limitation of damage to asses
5. Defense of corporate image

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Organization and Coordination

Emergency Coordinator
Incident Commander

Medical Personnel Fire-Fighters Security Personnel Safety Personnel Other Specialist

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The ER Team must be

provided with
Appropriate organization
Facilities
Guidance procedures
Training
Regular exercise to confirm the effectiveness and
any necessary improvements made promptly so
as to maintain the state of readiness.

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EMERGENCY COORDINATOR
Frontline management to tackle the problem
Tactical planning and execution
Determine if outside assistance is needed
Have the authority to:
- assume command - assess the situation
- activate resources - order evacuation
- implement the emergency plan
- determine response strategies
- declare the incident is over
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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
CENTER

- Communications equipment
- Copies of emergency plan / EOC procedures
- Blueprints, maps, status boards
- A list of Emergency Action Group (EAG) members and
their duties
- Technical information and data
- Data/info management capabilities
- Telephone directories
- Back-up power, communications and lighting

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EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
CENTER continue
- The centralized management center
- Where the decision makers (Emergency Management
Group - EMG) operates during an emergency
- The ONLY location/source to override the Incident
Commander (IC)
- Located in an area facility not likely to be involved in any of
the Emergency Plan scenarios
- An alternate location should also be designated

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COMMUNICATIONS

Communications - Notification
- How should employees report an emergency
- Post emergency telephone numbers
- MAINTAIN a list of responders numbers
- Consider a weather radio watch
Communications - Alarm
- Be audible or within view of ALL personnel
- Auxiliary power supply
- Distinct and recognizable signal
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OTHER CONSIDERATION
EXIT

Evacuation planning
Pre-determine conditions warranting evacuation

Identify personnel authorized to order evacuation

Use a system to account for personnel

Establish alternate muster areas

disabled / non-English speaking persons

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OTHER CONSIDERATION
continue
Records Preservation
- A major source of loss, often overlooked
- off site copies
- improved storage - electronic back-ups
- include in evacuation policy (initial response)
- procedure to recreate lost records
Community Outreach
- involving the community
- mutual aid agreements
- community service - public information
- media relations - risk = hazard + outrage 51

TO ENSURE THE ERP EFFECTIVENESS

Audit and review program in place
Response centers are to be maintained
Plans and procedures are to be reviewed & updated at defined
intervals to ensure compliance
Emergency communications equipment are to be maintained
Training and exercises are to be carried out to an agreed
program
Learning experiences are to be incorporated into existing plans
and procedures as appropriate
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10 Most Common Errors in ERPs

(source: www.nsc.org)
1. No upper management support
2. Lack of employee buy-in
3. Poor or no planning
4. Lack of training and practice
5. No designated leader
6. Failure to keep the plan up to date
7. No method of communication to alert employees
8. OSHA regulations are not a part of the plan
9. No procedures for shutting down critical equipment
10. Employees are not told what actions to take in an
emergency

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Summary
The importance of emergency planning
Fast, coordinated efforts to minimize damage be it
human life, environment or properties.

Able to describe the criteria of emergency
planning
Coordination
.

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