CHAPTER 9

ENZYMES: REGULATION COMPARTMENTATION

OF ACTIVITIES ensures metabolic efficiency & simplifies regulation

HOMEOSTASIS LYSOSOME
the ability of animals to maintain a constant intracellular many of the enzymes that degrade proteins and
environment despite changes in their external polysaccharides resides here
surroundings
term coined by Walter Cannon FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS
occurs in the cytosol

VIBRIO CHOLERAE FATTY ACID OXIDATION

the causative agent of cholera takes place within mitochondria
disables sensor-response pathways in intestinal
epithelial cells by ADP-ribosylating the GTP-binding NOTE:
proteins (G-proteins) that link cell surface receptors to For any reaction or series of reactions, the change in free
adenylyl cyclase energy that takes place when metabolite flow proceeds
The consequent activation of the cyclase leads to the in the forward direction is equal in magnitude but
unrestricted flow of water into the intestines, resulting opposite in sign from that required to proceed in the
in: reverse direction.
massive diarrhea
dehydration

YERSINIA PESTIS
the causative agent of plague
elaborates a protein-tyrosine phosphatase that
hydrolyzes phosphoryl groups on key cytoskeletal
proteins