The Objectives of Khilafat Movement!

Objective of Khilafat movement areas:

Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact

To preserve the Territorial solidarity

Control of holy places should not be given to muslims

In the World War I Turkey had sided with Germany against Britain and her Allies. After the defeat of
Turkey in the War the Indian Muslims appealed to Britain not to curb the liberty of the Sultan of
Turkey, who was also the Caliph or religious leader of the entire Muslim world.

Despite the appeal Britain imposed stringent conditions on the Sultan by the Treaty of Serves. The
treaty took away much of the prestige of the Caliph.

The Muslim community - of India thereafter started a movement in 1919 against the British
government to pressurize Britain to restore the liberty and prestige of the Caliph.

This came to be known as the Khilafat Movement The All India Khilafat Confetti, of held in Delhi in
November 1919 decided to withdraw all co-operation with the British government if their demands
were not met.

The Muslim League, now under the leadership of the nationalists, gave full support to the National
Congress and its agitation on political issues.
Two Nation Theory
Pakistan came into being on the basis of two-nation theory. The two-nation theory states that there
were two different nations living in the sub-continent i.e. Hindus and Muslims who have a
different religion, culture, social values and background and they could never merge with each other.

Basis of Two-Nation Theory:

In spite of living together for centuries, the Muslims and Hindus were unable to co-operate and co-
exist with each other. The differences between the two nations were;

Religion: - The major religious difference between Hindus and Muslims was the belief in oneness of
God or Tauheed. The Muslims believed in the equality of men whereas, Hindus were divided into
different castes. There was no place for women in the Hinduism whereas; they were greatly respected
by Islam.

Language:- Muslims and Hindus spoke and wrote different languages. The language of Muslims
was Urdu written in Persian script and the Hindus spoke Hindi written in Devnagri script. In 1867,
some Hindu leaders demanded that the use of Urdu language should be discontinue in the
government offices and replaced by Hindi language.

Way of Living:- Hindus and Muslims had two different modes of life. Muslim ate meat and Hindus
considered it a sin. The Hindus used to live in small and dark houses but the Muslims lived in large
houses and more space was left for the sunlight to enter.

Presentation of Two-Nation Theory:-

It was in 1867 when Urdu-Hindi dispute started in Benares. In that connection, Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan wrote a letter to Mr. Shakespeare, the Divisional Commissioner of Benares. In that letter, Sir
Syed used word nation for Muslims. He wrote, Now I am convinced that these two nations,
Hindus and Muslims, will never reach on any agreement upon any matter in future. That is why Sir
Syed Ahmed Khan is also known as the father of two-nation theory.

Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory:-

Allama Iqbal gave clear concept of two-nation theory in his presidential address at Allah bad in 1930.
He gave the idea of a separate Muslim state in South Asia by joining the northwestern Muslim
majority areas. Allama Iqbal said, I would like to see the provinces of Sindh, Punjab, NWFP and
Baluchistan together as a state for the Muslims of South Asia as their final destiny.

Quaid-e-Azam and Two-Nation Theory:-

The Quaid-e-Azam in a number of his speeches made it clear that Muslims are not a minority but
they are a great nation of 100 million people. He quoted that, Hindustan is neither one country nor
its inhabitants are one nation. This is a sub-continent consists of two major nations; Hindus and
Muslims. These two nations differ in religion, in culture, in civilization, in language and literature,
in art and craft. In short we differ in every aspect of life.

Conclusion:-
It was clear that Hindus and Muslims were two separate nations. Therefore, Muslim leaders
demanded a separate homeland for them. After years of hard struggle, Quaid-e-Azam succeeded in
getting a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia in 1947.