Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 37 Worksheet
Chapter 37 Worksheet
DIRECTIONS: There are 3 parts to this assignment and this module is worth a total of 5 points. Please email a copy Dr. Bawel-
Brinkley by April 12, 2013.
DIRECTIONS: Identify the most appropriate definition, clinical manifestation, or description from column 2 (alphabetical letters: A-J) for
each of the numbered words (1 16) in column 1.
Column 1 Column 2
_F__1. Endocarditis A. Medication that increase myocardial contractility and
decrease ventricular filling pressures used for dilated
cardiomyopathy
_J__2. Acute Pericarditis B. Audible clicking sound and requires long-term
anticoagulation
_K _3. Myocarditis C. Benign that papillary muscle or chordate allows
leaflets to buckle
_L__4. Rheumatic Heart Disease D. Majority of cases result from rheumatic heart disease
_E__5. Mitral valve regurgitation E. Defeat in the mitral valve function causing
regurgitation
_C__6. Mitral valve Prolapse F. Associated with causative organism Staphylococcus
aureus
_G__7. Acute aortic valve regurgitation G. Unexpected onset of profound dyspnea, chest pain, &
left ventricular failure
Page 1 of 5
Objective 1: Differentiate the cause, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnostic tests, treatments and goals,
and nursing management of 1) endocarditis, 2) pericarditis (acute and chronic), and Rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
I. Compare and contrast the following inflammatory disorders: 1) Endocarditis, 2) Pericarditis and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). Be
concise but demonstrate your critical thinking ability. You can use the below Table of construct your own concept map of the 3 different
disease processes. If you do a concept map, please attach the concept map to the contents of this module with your name on the
page.
Treatment goal and Goal: Maintain normal Goal: Identification Goal: Treat Goal: Treatment
Treatments (Identify body temp., Performs and treatment of pericarditis and consists of drug
minimum of 3 treatments) ADLs with minimal underlying problem manage associated therapy and
and brief rationale fatigue or weakness, and symptoms cardiac symptoms supportive measures
Describes disease -Antibiotics treat -Pericardiectomy -Antibiotic therapy
process, appropriate bacterial pericarditis involves complete eliminates residual
treatments, and NSAIDs control the resection of the group A streptococci
measures to prevent pain and pericardium though remaining in the
recurrence of disease inflammation of acute a median tonsils and pharynx
-Administer antipyretic pericarditis sternotomy with the and prevent spread
medication as -Corticosteroids are use of of organisms to
appropriate or as generally reserved for cardiopulmonary close contacts
ordered to reduce fever patients with bypass -Salicylates,
-Administer antibiotics pericarditis secondary -Digoxin improves NSAIDs, and
to treat infection to systemic lupus myocardial corticosteroids are
-Encourage alternate erythematosus, contractility and the inflammatory
rest and activity patients already reduces ventricular agents most widely
periods to reduce taking steroids for rate used in the
cardiac workload rheumatologic or -Diuretics reduce management of RF
other autoimmune fluid volume, and are effective in
conditions, or patients decrease preload controlling fever and
who do not respond joint manifestations
to NSAIDs -Salicylates or
NSAIDs are used
when arthritis is the
main manifestation
-Corticosteroids are
used if severe
carditis is present
Nursing Management -Assess heart sounds -Management of pain -Management of -Inspect the patients
(Identify 3 top priorities of to detect a murmur or a and anxiety pain and anxiety to skin for
your nursing care) and change in the -Assess amount, keep patient subcutaneous
provide the rationale for character of a quality, and location comfortable nodules and
each preexisting murmur, of pain to distinguish -Supplemental erythema
and the presence of the pain of MI from oxygen to help marginatum
Page 3 of 5
extra heart sounds the pain of maintain O2 and help -Assess for the
-Assess the pt. for joint pericarditis with anxiety possible presense of
tenderness, decreased -Monitor for signs and -Spacing of activity these bright pink
ROM, and muscle symptoms of cardiac and implementation erythematous
tenderness tamponade and of rest to help with maculae in good
-Examine oral mucosa, prepare for possible breathing light because the
conjunctivae, upper pericardiocentesis rash is difficult to
chest and lower observe, especially
extremities for in dark-skinned
petechiae patients
-Complete a general -Promote rest to
systems assessment to reduce cardiac
determine any workload and to
hemodynamic and diminish metabolic
embolic complications needs of the body
-Administer
salicylates or
NSAIDs to treat
arthritis
-Penicillin G for -Antibiotics to treat -Diuretics reduce -Antibiotics to treat
Identify the medications and Streptococcal bacterial pericarditis excess fluid group A streptococci.
purpose of medication. endocarditis involving -NSAIDs to control -Analgesics for pain Best prevention is
(Identify a minimum of 3) native valve pain and -NSAIDs to control monthly injections of
-Ampicillin for inflammation pain and long-acting penicillin
Enterococcal -Colchicine, an inflammation -Salicylates or
endocarditis involving inflammatory drug, NSAIDs for
native or prosthetic can be used for inflammation and
valve patients who have fever
-Nafcillin for recurrent pericarditis -Corticosteroids to
Staphylococcal treat severe carditis
endocarditis in if present
absence of prosthetic
materials
Objective 1: Define pericardiocentesis, pericardio-window (may need to access the internet), and pericardiectomy.
Identify the teaching points for each procedure and pre-procedure care.
Identify the post-operative care of pericardiectomy. What are two nursing assessment priorities?
Objectives 2, 3, & 4:
Objective 2: Define the mitral and aortic valve disorders
Objective 3: Describe the causes, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatment, and primary medications for
mitral and aortic valve disorders (*note: they are similar for both)
Objective 4: Describe the 3 types of cardiomyopathy and treatments.
Assignment part 3: Complete the questions on the attached sheet on Valvular Heart Disease & Cardiomypathy
Page 4 of 5
Valvular Heart Disease / Cardiomyopathy Questions
Instructions: Please type your brief answers in the space provided. Name: Kristine Conde
1. The primary function of the heart valves is to control unidirectional blood flow.
2. How many valves are in the human heart? 4 Which valves are on the left side of the heart? Aortic and Mitral Valve
3. Which valves are on the right side? Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve
5. State 3 causes of valve disorders cardiovascular disease , acquired immunodefiency syndrome , and the use of some
antiparkinsonian drugs
6. Signs and symptoms specific to aortic insufficiency include: profound dyspnea at rest , chest pain, cardiogenic shock, and left
ventricular failure.
7. Signs and symptoms specific to aortic stenosis include: dyspnea on exertion, angina, syncope on exertion, heart failure, systolic
murmur, orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
8. What tests are used to diagnose valvular heart disease? ECG, Chest X-Ray, Echocardiogram, and Cardiac Catheterization
9. Primary objectives in the management of valvular disorders are to maximize cardiac function, reduce anxiety and prevent recurrent
rheumatic fever and IE (complications associated with valve disease).
10. Treatment of valvular heart disease involves both surgical and conservative (non-surgical) management.
11. Surgical management of valvular heart disease includes valve repair and/or valve replacement.
12. What are the two types of valves used for valve replacement surgery? Biological and Mechanical valves
14. What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy? Dilated, Hypertrophic, and Restrictive
16. Cardiomyopathy is a change in the structure/shape of the cardiac muscle that causes decreased cardiac function generally leading
to heart failure.
Page 5 of 5