1

:
()
=

2 :
1.
;
2. . = const. *h, Vsr,
. ->
.

2
 -

- (Saint-Venant)
- : Q A
+ =Q
A t
-a:
1 A V V 1 V
+ + = I I te
B x g x g t
:
-
3
 -

:
{ -
( -)
{ -
( : ,
, .)
{
( : , , )
{ -
( . -
. -- ,
.
4


:
-

-

1-

2-

:
-

- S O
H

S = f (H )

O = (H )
6


I, O
(m3/s) I
Ulaz I - ulazni hidrogram
Ii Izlaz O - izlazni hidrogram

Ii-1 S
i

Oi
Oi-1

i-1 i t (vreme) 7


-
(I i 1 + I i ) t (Oi 1 + Oi ) t = S i S i 1
1 1
2 2
- .
1 S1 O1 S 2 O2
( I1 + I 2 ) + = +
2 t 2 t 2

: S2 O2

8


:

OH 3/ 2

S A H
H
S = A(H )dH

O = f (S )
0

-
:

-


1
(I1 + I 2 ) (O1 + O2 ) O R =
1 S 2 S1
2 2 t t 10


S1 O1 S 2 O2
1
(I1 + I 2 ) OR + = +
2 t 2 t 2


1
(I1 + I 2 ) OR + =
S1 S 2
2 t t




11


(Mc Carthy)

12


a (Muskingum)
, , ( 1934)
:
S
O.
a e ( S )

S = K [x I + (1 x ) O ] = k O + k x (I O )

13
 a (Muskingum)

( O )

O = I x + (1 x) O
x k

S
k=
O
x=0.2

14
 a (Muskingum)

-
1
(I1 + I 2 ) t (O1 O2 ) t = S 2 S1
1
2 2
O2 = Co I 2 + C1 I1 + C2O1

C 0 + C1 + C 2 = 1,0

15
 a (Muskingum)

0.5 t k x t - C0 >0
C0 =
k (1 x ) + 0.5 t
t 2 k x

k x + 0.5 t
C1 =
k (1 x ) + 0.5 t
:

k (1 x ) 0 .5 t O I
C2 = =
k (1 x ) + 0 .5 t O
16
 -

- : Q=Q(H,i),
Q- , H, i
-ist- => dQ=0:
Q Q
dQ = dH + di = 0 |:di
H i
- dH=l di:
Q
Q Q
l dH = l = i
H i Q
H
a L=2l;
Q=K i1/2; K=A C R1/2 17
 -
H st
- L = Qst
L~const. => SL=SL(QIZL) ** J Qst
+ -
dS **
QUL QIZL =
dt
..
- ! a QUL=QUL0+at
t t t
QIZLt = QUL0 1 exp + (QULt QUL0 ) 1 1 exp + QIZL exp
~
t
- e a =const, ; 0-t=Dt
0-t -->1-2

QIZL2 = C1 QUL1 + C 2 (QUL2 QUL1 ) + C 3 QIZL1

18
 -

- -
Q IZ tj = QUL oj (1 exp (( t n j ) / j (QUL t )) + (QUL t , j QUL o , j ))
~

(1 ( (QUL ) / (t n ))(1 exp (( t n )/ (QUL ))))

j t j
nj
j j t

+ QIZ exp (( t n ) / (QUL ))

oj j j t

j (QULt ) - - e a
nj - a

j-

19
 ~
- qIZt = QIZt QIZt

:
- qIZPRt , k
- qIZNSt

qIZNSt
qIZNS t , j =
nj

20

%
qUL t, j = (( ( ))
qIZ t , j qIZ o , j exp (1 t n j ) / ( qSRr , j ) / (1 (qSRt , j ) /(t n j ) )
(1 exp (( t n ) / ( qSR ))) ( qUL ( exp (( t n ) / ( qSR ))))
j t 1 o, j j t 1

( )
/ 1 exp ( t n j ) / ( qSRt 1 ) + qULo , j
- -

QULt qULNSt , j qULPRt ,k

21


W ( Q )
( QUL ) = ( Q ) =
Q

Q ( t ) QSR ,max n +1
W = QUL ( t , j ) QIZL ( t )
t QSR ,max j =1 22
 n +1
QUL ( t , j ) + QIZL ( t )
QSR ( t ) =
j =1

2
23
 = f (QUL , QSR )
24


-
.
n 1
P t t
t
t

( ) =t = e
( n 1)!
: n t
t = max
QIZLt = QUL ( t ) P ( t )
t =0

t = max t = max
QIZLt = QUL ( t ) P ( t ) + q ( t ) R ( )
t =0 t =1
25


, x = 0

dS dO
=k
dt dt
- -
dS
I O =
dt
26
 I O dO k=
I O
- = dO
k dt
dt
k

27


28


a) QIZL ( t ) = f ( QUL ( t ) )

b) o a

QIZ ( t ) = ( QUL ( t ) , q ( t ) )
)
m
QIZ ( t ) = QUL j ( t j ) 29
j =0