4/2/2017

LADSO Engineering
Engineering Foundations: Principles and
Communications
Project: Mars Rover

Team Members
Ammar Al-Sheidi

Lachlan Donnelly

Daniel Castro

Sean Garratt

Oumar Sy

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Contents
1. Design Specifications ...................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
Tooling..................................................................................................................................... 1
Materials ................................................................................................................................. 1
Safe Cutting Procedure ........................................................................................................... 2
1.4.1 PPE Requirements ........................................................................................................... 2
1.4.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 2
Safe Drilling Procedure ........................................................................................................... 2
1.5.1 PPE Requirements ........................................................................................................... 2
1.5.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................................ 3
Build Procedure....................................................................................................................... 3
1.6.1 Chassis ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.6.2 Wheels ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.6.3 Assembly ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.6.4 Payload ............................................................................................................................ 4
2. Risk Management Plan ................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 5
Contact Information................................................................................................................ 5
2.2.1 Important Safety Equipment: ......................................................................................... 5
Risk Matrix. ............................................................................................................................. 6
Project Hazards: ...................................................................................................................... 6
Stage 1: Design: ....................................................................................................................... 7
Stage 2: Construction: ............................................................................................................. 8
Stage 3: Testing: ...................................................................................................................... 9
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 10
3. Tender Evaluation Criteria ............................................................................................................ 11
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 11
Rigorousness ......................................................................................................................... 11
Easily Contactable ................................................................................................................. 12
Must Come Under/on Budget............................................................................................... 12
Ability to Work Safe and Follow Procedures ........................................................................ 13
Working Environment ........................................................................................................... 14
High Standard Work .............................................................................................................. 14
Tender Evaluation Criteria Summary .................................................................................... 16
4. Gantt Chart ................................................................................................................................... 17
5. References List .............................................................................................................................. 18
Section 3:............................................................................................................................... 18
6. Design Drawings............................................................................................................................ 19
List Of Tables
Table 1- Tooling Requirements ............................................................................................................... 1
Table 2- Materials Cost ........................................................................................................................... 1
Table 3: Design Risks ............................................................................................................................... 7
Table 4: Construction Risks ..................................................................................................................... 8
Table 5: Testing Risks .............................................................................................................................. 9
Table 6: Criteria Weightings .................................................................................................................. 16
Table 7: Gantt Chart .............................................................................................................................. 17

List of Figures
Figure 1: Risk Matrix ............................................................................................................................... 6
 1. Design Specifications

Introduction

This specifications document outlines the required tooling, materials, build procedure and essential
safety information for construction of the LADSO Engineering Mars lander. The specifications are
based on the drawings included in this package. Any further information required and not contained
within this package can be obtained by contacting LADSO Engineering.

Tooling
Table 1- Tooling Requirements

Drill press Cordless drill/ power drill

3.5mm, 10.5mm, 13mm* drill bits Any drill bit close in size but final holes must be
>10mm. Larger bits will cause excess play in the
holes and compromise accurate construction.
Hack saw Grinder with cutting disk
Steel file Bench grinder
Vice G-clamp/ vice grips
16mm spanner x2 Adjustable spanner (shifter)/ 16mm socket and
ratchet
Cutting compound Lubricant eg WD-40/CRC
Centre punch
Sheers Tin snips/ side cutters/ Stanley knife
*Not essential Table 1

Materials
Table 2- Materials Cost

M10 threaded rod 1x1200mm length $4.85 Blackwoods

25mm flat bar 1x1000mm length $7.71 Bunnings
Tennis ball 6 $6.00 Red Dot
M10 hex nut 16 $1.76 Bunnings
M10 nylock hex nut 6 $5.54 Blackwoods
M10 flat washer 28 $2.24 Bunnings
Cable ties 6mm width 3 $0.18 Bunnings
Total $28.28

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 Safe Cutting Procedure

1.4.1 PPE Requirements

- Double eye protection must be used at all times when using an angle grinder or bench
grinder. Double eye protection includes safety glasses and a face shield. Cutting disks
are dangerous and can shatter causing face and eye injuries.
- Synthetic clothing is not recommended when doing any form of hot works. Anything
creating sparks is considered hot works. Synthetic materials melt to the skin and can
cause serious burns. Cotton clothing should be worn as a minimum. Long sleeves and
trousers are also highly recommended.
- The use of gloves when using a grinder can be unsafe. Use of gloves with an angle
grinder may be required to avoid burns but special care needs to be taken to ensure
gloves are always clear of the blade. When using a bench grinder the use of gloves is
dangerous. The use of gloves when using rotating equipment is dangerous. Never use
gloves when operating a bench grinder. High risk of entanglement.

1.4.2 Procedure
1. After measuring and marking steel to the required length cut to size using a hacksaw.
Hacksaws are safe for cutting steel. If competent in the use of an angle grinder, a 1mm
cutting disk is recommended.
2. Always leave blade to the waste side of the cut. Ensure the handle is fitted to the grinder
for safe grip.
3. Always clamp steel to be cut, whether using vice grips or a G-clamp to clamp steel to a
work bench, or using a vice. Cutting steel that is not clamped is dangerous. Never
attempt to grip steel by hand when cutting.
4. Check body position when cutting. Always maintain balance and ensure your head is over
your work. Take note of where the sparks go when cutting. If standing in the line of fire
your clothing will catch on fire. Stand clear of the stream of sparks and pause frequently
when cutting to check your position is safe.
5. After completing cuts it will be necessary to clean up the burred edges of the steel to
prevent cuts when handling. A steel file is a safe tool to complete this step. Hold the file
at a 45 degree angle to the steel and push the file blade up and away from your body
while maintaining the angle. Repeat this technique and check steel edge until satisfied
that the edge is not sharp enough to cut you.
6. Alternative to a steel file is use of a bench grinder. Only use bench grinder if competent.
Clean up edges and corners. Ensure grinder is set up prior to use and the steel cannot be
pulled in to the wheel.

Safe Drilling Procedure

1.5.1 PPE Requirements

- Eye protection required at all times when drilling
- The use of gloves is unsafe when using rotating equipment. The use of gloves when
drilling with a drill press or a hand drill is not recommended.

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1.5.2 Procedure
1. After measuring hole position, mark with a centre punch. This makes accurate
drilling far easier.
2. Always clamp steel to be drilled, whether using vice grips or a G-clamp to clamp steel
to a work bench, or using a vice. Drilling steel that is not clamped is dangerous.
Never attempt to grip steel by hand when drilling.
3. All holes for the project are 10.5mm diameter. The use of a pilot hole will improve
accuracy and extend the life of larger drill bits. A 3.5mm pilot hole is recommended
in every case.
4. When using smaller drill bits (3.5mm) setting the drill to high speed is
recommended. When drilling out larger holes (10.5mm) it is recommended to set
the drill speed slow and use a cutting agent or lubricant to cool the drill bit. This will
extend the life of the drill bit.
5. If at the completion of the 10.5mm hole there is a sharp edge which could be
hazardous and result in cuts, use a large drill bit (13mm if available) and flog out the
hole. A few rotations of the bit will be enough to take away and burr or sharp edge
and leave a safe chamfered edge to work with. In this step we are not trying to
increase the hole size, we are simply cutting back the hard edge of the hole.

Build Procedure

1.6.1 Chassis
1. Prepare flat bar in accordance with Drawing No#: 004. Refer to drilling and cutting
procedures.
2. Prepare threaded rod in accordance with Drawing No#: 005. Refer to drilling and cutting
procedure.

1.6.2 Wheels
1. Prepare tennis balls. Drilling tennis balls may not work depending on the material they
are made from. Mark ball on either side.
2. Clamp ball using vice or G-clamp. Using 10.5mm drill bit at high speed drill one side, then
the other. If the outcome is not a clean hole it may be necessary to cut away the hole
using sheers or a Stanley knife.

NOTE: The holes must be large enough that the balls will spin freely on the threaded rod. Free
spinning is more important to the outcome than clean, neat holes. Repeat for all 6 tennis balls.
1.6.3 Assembly
1. Roll 2 hex nuts to the centre of every length of threaded rod and place a washer outside
them. These will fix steel in position from inside. A washer must always be present
between a nut and the flat bar.
2. Lay out flat bar sections to form 1 side of the structure. Insert threaded rod and tighten
to specified lengths. Refer to Drawing No#: 002 for side angle and position.
3. Assemble remaining side and fix in position using nuts and washers. Use spanners or
shifters to tighten the nuts in place. Ensure dimensions are accurate to drawing and

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 adjust nuts accordingly. Refer to Drawing No#: 001, 002 for correct dimensions and
position
4. Place washers on outside of all the nuts in place on the axles (270mm threaded rods).
Slide tennis ball on the each axle. Place another washer and then use a nylock hex nut
on the outside of every tennis ball. Tighten the nuts until you feel resistance from the
nylon. This will ensure the nut cannot spin freely off the axle.

NOTE: Do not tighten nylock nuts against the tennis balls. Their job is to prevent the ball
coming off the axle but must leave space for the tennis ball to spin freely on the axle. If the
nylock nuts grip the wheels without being adequately tightened it may be necessary to
reduce the internal space.

1.6.4 Payload
1. To secure the payload loosely tie 3 cable ties around the main body of the vehicle
behind the front axle. The bottle will sit in between the 2 long sections of flat bar. See
Drawing No#: 001
2. Tighten the cable ties around the neck, centre and base will hold it in place.

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 2. Risk Management Plan

Introduction

The safety plan is one of the most significant aspects in manufacturing. It is of vital importance for
any worker to recognise the hazards that could encounter, as well as understand the effective
solutions to avoiding risks during all stages of manufacturing the vehicle. Any manufacturing process
is hazardous. As a result, the purpose of the risk management plan is to determine the possible
hazards in the design, construction and testing phases, as well as provide the effective solutions to
these hazards. Hazard identification, risk assessment, and mitigation of risk ensure hazards are
controlled as much as is practicable. The risk management plan provided will aim to reduce or
eliminate all identified hazards and their associated risks. This plan identifies the three major
hazards associated each phase of the project and their appropriate risk management strategies.

Contact Information

If any problems or concerns arise related to the safety of the project, contact LADSO Engineering
during work hours via Company Secretary e-mail (ammaralsheidi@hotmail.com). Also you can
contact by via phone (+61 434647928).

2.2.1 Important Safety Equipment:

LADSO Engineering looks at Personal protective equipment (PPE) at the first, personal protective
equipment (PPE) required during all project stages. Also LADSO compony highly recommended the
equipment blow (notice that just not tied in these equipment):

Safety boots, in accordance with AS/NZS 2210.1:2010 standards (Australia and New
Zealand, 2010).
Gloves, in accordance with AS/NZS 2161.3:2016 standards (Australia and New Zealand,
2016).
Safety glasses, in accordance with IOS 12543-2:2011 standards (International
Organization for Standardization,2011).
Should wear full length clothing.

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 Risk Matrix.

Likelihood or Consequence Severity

Frequency Low Minor Moderate Major Critical

Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme

Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme

Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme

Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

Rare Low Low Moderate High High

Figure 1: Risk Matrix

Project Hazards:

Hazards exist during all three stages. Below are the most common hazards predicted in the
three stages of the project.

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 Stage 1: Design:

The first stage of the project, the difficulties are shared between the two companies.

Table 3: Design Risks

Loss of Failure to back up your Unlikely. Major. Save the document in Rare/Major ->
data. data and computer different devices. Rare.
crashes. Always share the
updates with the
group member.
Upload the data in
online software such
as google drive.
Design

Stolen Other teams plagiarise Unlikely. Moderate. Inform the managers Rare/Moderate
intellectual and copy the design. about the group plans -> Rare.
property. regularly.
Reduce originality and Assign a well-
potential marks. organised and closed
meeting place to
avoid other people
hear agenda of
meeting that will be
discussed.
Avoid discussing the
project ideas outside
meetings.

Reduced Team members not Unlikely. Minor. Keep team updated Rare/ Minor ->
manpower. completing assigned tasks on progress. Rare.
preventing submission on Follow team rules and
time. ask for help if you
need it.
Compile work early to
prevent any
unforeseen problems.

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 Stage 2: Construction :
In this stage many hazards will be encountered due to the manual tasks associated with
construction.

Use of Entanglement in Possible. Major. Keep hands clear of Unlikely/Major ->

power tools. rotating equipment. rotating parts. Unlikely
Ensure hair is tied
back.
Never wear loose
hanging clothing.
Assess whether the
Construction

use of gloves could

increase risk.
Equipment Tool used incorrectly Likely. Moderate. Never use a tool Unlikely/ Major ->
damage. causing damage to without training. Unlikely
tools/parts/ person. Seek training if use
of a tool is essential
and no safe
alternative exists.
Check tool
condition prior to
use.
Dust and Swarf from cutting Almost Moderate. Use eye protection Likely/Moderate -
projectiles. and drilling steel certain. at all times. > Likely.
causing eye injuries. Use dust extraction
or ventilate work
area.
If grinding always
use double eye
protection (glasses
and face shield).

Table 4: Construction Risks

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 Stage 3: Testing:

It is the final stage of the project it will be determined if the vehicle appropriate or not. Table below
illustrate the most significant three hazards with the solution:

Table 5: Testing Risks

Incomplete Testing not Possible. Moderate. Always follow-up of Unlikely/Mode

prototype. able to be the contractors on rate ->
carried out. the progress of the Unlikely
project.
determine fixed
appointment before
the actual deadline
of the project.
Testing

Activate a direct easy

connection between
the two companies
for any enquiry or
problem.
Incorrect vehicle Vehicle not Unlikely. Moderate. Make meetings in Rare/Moderat
release. released fixed stages. e -> Rare.
correctly Be sure the
causing poor contractors
outcome for understand the
design and procedure properly.
building team Test the vehicle
with bad before the actual
landing. date in presence of
representatives of
the two companies.
Vehicle Design flaws Possible. Minor. make sure about the Unlikely/minor
disintegration. causing materials that used. -> Unlikely.
hazardous make sure the
parts/ debris contractor does
to hit the exactly what is
crowd. written in the design
budget report.
Ensure that the
vehicle joints are
fitted and tightly
wrapped.

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 Conclusion

This risk management plan provides a guideline of possible hazards and associated risks within the
project. However unforeseen risks are present in every phase of a project and it is important to
identify and mitigate hazards and risks as they arise during every phase of construction. Controlling
hazards posing risk to the health of personnel, as well as the health of the project and its ultimate
success are essential in reaching the intended outcome within the deadline set.

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 3. Tender Evaluation Criteria

Introduction

LADSO members decided to set up a tender evaluation criteria based on several standards in
different categories. This marking system will assess the capacity of an applicant company to build
the LADSO Mars Lander. In order to evaluate different companies, LADSO will evaluate in detail their
level of competence in different fields such as: rigorousness, easily contactable, ability to meet
predefined budget, and follow procedures, quality of work, etcEach category will be attributed a
different weightage and depends on precise, exact, achievable, reasonable and time controlled
criteria.

Rigorousness

This is an important part of the criteria as the client expects the product to be delivered on the date
specified. Throughout the project there will be 4 stages in which the desired applicant will be
required to compile and submit information as needed. During the evaluation process the applicant
will submit evaluation criteria on time with a structured outline of how they will complete each
stage of the project. Project meetings will take place during the selection phase in which contractors
are to be on time to meetings and will possess all necessary documentation. Detail and structure will
be looked upon favorably. The ideal applicant will compile documentation ready for final approval at
least 3 business days before the closing of the project deadline.

Members of the Company members Applicant Applicant is always

Company always usually late to arrives on time on time
late to meetings meetings most of the 0 submission late
All Submissions More than1 time and compiled
done past submission done Only 1 documentation
deadlines past deadline submission ready 3 business
None of the Structure of done past days before
documents documents deadline deadline
provided are done partially formal Good Documents are
formally document done in a formal
structure way

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 Easily Contactable

Throughout the project there will be several revisions that will be needed. Whether this comes from
the client or from the contractor/design team there is a need for communication to be as instant as
possible. Email or calling are the desired forms of communication as both are acceptable and
practical within the work place. Texting will be viewed as a last resort form of communication as it is
not reliable and is not deemed professional. The ideal applicant will be able to reply within 24 hours
on business days and 48 hours on weekends.

Hard to Responds are done Responds are The company

contact frequantly via texts done most of responds to every
Company Answer past 24 hours the time via email
never responds during business days email 0 Answers are done
to email and 48h during week Company past deadlines
Always answer ends responds Most of the time the
texts over 24 Company responds to within 24H company replied
hours a few emails only (business days) within approximately
and 48H 12hours
(week-ends)

Must Come Under/on Budget

The project cost is the biggest constraint that we are working with. It is essential that the applicant
has a good ability to manage their resources and allocate them accordingly. This project has a
budget of $30 so any company that exceeds this limit will be instantly excluded. The ideal applicant
will have to implement our design and satisfy the budget requirements. The use of recycled
materials and any other cost-reduction strategy will be looked upon favorably. Companies will
submit a list of weekly employee expenditure in order for LADSO to assess their monetary usage.
This will give us an insight into how frugal or frivolous the applicant company is.

Total budget Usage of a few Usage of recycled Usage of recycled

exceeded 30$ recycled material material
No use of any materials Budget under 30$ Total budget is
recycled material Budget equals Weekly employee equal or under the
0 weekly or over 30$ expenditure clients theoretical
employee Structure of submitted final price
expenditure documents occasionally Weekly employee
document partially formal expenditure always
submitted submitted

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 Ability to Work Safe and Follow Procedures

Ability for the contractor to work safely and properly follow procedures is critical to the safety of the
project as the design requires an advanced level of handling. Australia has strict safety regulations in
place in order to mitigate against on-site accidents. Inexperience and unsafe work conditions that
result in injury will affect the timeline of the project especially for a small contractor team. The
ability to work safely with power tools will also be an important quality for applying companies to
possess. Therefore the ideal client will have a set of safety guidelines in place that will not only
ensure the safety of the project but the safety of employees working on the project. This will include
but is not limited to such measures as wearing PPE, using equipment with safe guards, employing
contractors with necessary equipment and providing training where necessary. The ability to follow
procedures is very important as the procedure will accompany the design drawings. Therefore
following the procedure will make for smooth construction and will ensure that the design is as the
client specified. Applying companies will submit a list of the teams current and previous occupations
in order for LADSO to assess the teams ability to carry out our project.

No Group safety Only Group Both group safety Group safety

guidelines safety guidelines guidelines and list guidelines and list of
provided or list of past of past past occupations
Uncomfortable occupation occupation provided
using power tools provided provided Procedure followed
0 list of past and Steps not done Procedure not well
current in the right correctly followed Satisfactory abilities
occupations order Poor abilities to to work safely with
provided Work isnt safe work safely with power tools is
Steps arent power tools is shown
followed and shown
procedure isnt
respected

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 Working Environment

This specification is slightly tied in with the ability to work safely. Necessary safety equipment must
be owned by the applicant wishing to possess a winning bid. This equipment is mandatory as it will
allow the contractor to work safely without incident. Necessary safety equipment includes but is not
limited to safety glasses, gloves, steel cap boots, ear muffs and clamps/locking mechanism. The
other part of necessary equipment is the ownership or ability to possess tools necessary for the
completion of the project. This is a critical part of the project as our design will take a lot of metal
work and if the appropriate tools are not available then the project may be delayed and the
probability of the contractor to deliver the product by the deadline will be significantly reduced.
Necessary working equipment includes but is not limited to power drill, screw driver, metal file,
clamps and workshops with adequate working platforms.

No access to Access to Access to all the Complete access to

necessary equipment necessary tools needed necessary tools
No effort to learn Tools Sufficient Several efforts to
how to use each tools Limited knowledge to acquire a good
correctly to follow knowledge on complete each knowledge on tools
each step how to step and complete each
Construction takes properly use Inadequate step
place in an tools working Adequate work in a
inappropriate Construction environment safe working
environment without in an with any safety environment with
any safety equipment appropriate equipment safety equipment
environment

High Standard Work

The ability to conduct work at a high standard is a trait in which all companies should possess. The
final product should reflect the dimensions expected from the client. Therefore the final outcome of
the project is a reflection of the companys outlook on how it conducts its work. Our design will need
to be constructed in a way that has strictly followed the procedure, been assembled diligently and
has used a high quality of materials even when recycling. As evidence of standard of work companies
will submit their own designs and procedures to give LADSO a good insight as to the quality of work
carried out within an applicants company. A prototype should also be assembled as this will highlight
any areas of concern and they can be addressed before the project deadline. This will ensure a final
product of high quality.

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 Wrong and Appropriate Good choice of Perfect choice of
inadequate choice of choice of material material
material material Procedure Procedure strictly
Procedure not Procedure partially followed
followed at all occasionally followed Final vehicle exactly
Final vehicle followed Final vehicle as the client
prototype completely Final vehicle mostly meeting expected and
different than the one slightly the client meeting all
expected by the client different than expectation requirements
the one
expected

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 Table 6: Criteria Weightings

Tender Evaluation Criteria Summary

Structured outline submitted on time

Rigorousness Detail & Structure of documents
/20
Evaluation criteria submitted on time
Attends meetings on time
Provides email and contact number /10
Easily Contactable Responds to communications via timeline
Satisfies project budget requirements
Uses recyclable materials
Must Come Under/on Budget
/15
No project budget blowout through
inappropriate expenditure
Submit personal budgets
Provide group established safety guidelines
Ability to Work Safe and Ability to work with power tools /20
Follow Procedures Provides list of current and previous
occupations
Owns or can access appropriate necessary
working equipment
Working Environment Owns or can access appropriate protective
equipment /20
Ability to work with metal
Appropriate construction environment
Follows procedures strictly
High Standard Work Use of high quality materials /15
Result meeting the client expectations
Quality prototype provided

TOTAL /100

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Table 7: Gantt Chart

4. Gantt Chart
Week 5 Week 6 TFW TFW Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12

EFPC Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 2 Handover EngIdentity

Deadlines Design Contractors Designers
Package

Team Presentation
Action Plan Review

Other EFY Mid-sem

Deadlines exams

Contractors Contractors Tender Application Due Contractors Oral Presentation

April 19th Construction phase Preparation Due Week 12
Due Week 11
- Executive summary
- Tender application
- Design package review
- Addressing TEC
Stage 1
Design
Package

Designers Stage 1 Design Tender Evaluation Due May 7th Oral Presentation
Design Preparation Due Week 12
Package - Executive summary
- Reflection on design package
review
- Evaluation of tender application

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 5. References List

Section 3:

Australia and New Zealand Standard. (2016). Occupational Protective Gloves. Retrieved
from https://infostore.saiglobal.com/store/PreviewDoc.aspx?saleItemID=452427/ pdf

Australia and New Zealand Standard. (2010). Safety, Protective and Occupational Footwear.
Retrieved from
http://infostore.saiglobal.com/store/Details.aspx?ProductID=1425751&gclid=CLmb--
CE4MsCFQGavAodKBcKOg

International Organization for Standardization. (2011). Glass in building. Laminated Glass

and Laminated Safety Glass. Retrieved from
http://infostore.saiglobal.com/store/Details.aspx?ProductID=1485125

Tim Lozier. (2011). Risk Assessment: Creating a Risk Matrix. Retrieved from
http://blog.etq.com/bid/57768/risk-assessment-creating-a-risk-matrix

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 6. Design Drawings

The design drawings can be found on the following pages.

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