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2013/42
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2013/42
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Koutelidakis E. I. (2013).
Study of the behavior of a multi-storey steel building
Diploma Thesis 2013/42
Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Greece

........................................................................................................................................... 3

Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. 4

........................................................................................................................................ 5

1 ...................................................................................................................................... 6

2 ................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 ............................................................................................................ 7
2.2 ............................................................................ 9
2.3 ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 ......................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 .................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.3 ............................................................................................... 11
2.3.4 ......................................................................................................................... 11
2.3.5 .......................................................................................................... 11
2.4 ........................................................................................ 12
2.4.1 ............................................................................................................. 12
2.4.2 ............................................................................................................ 12
2.4.3 ........................................................................................................... 13
2.4.4 .................................................................................................................... 13
2.4.5 ......................................................................................................... 13

3 ....................................................................................................... 15
3.1 .................................................................................................................................. 15
3.2 ................................................................................................................. 15
3.3 ............................................................................................................ 16
3.4 ................................................................................................................... 18
3.5 ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.6 ................................................................................................................ 18
3.7 .......................................................................................................... 23
3.8 .......................................................................................................... 23
3.8.1 ....................................................................................... 24
3.8.2 .......................................................................... 24

4 ................................................................................................................. 26
4.1 ......................................................................................................... 26
4.2 .............................................................................................................. 27
4.3 .................................................................................................. 28
4.4 ................................................................................................................. 30
4.4.1 .......................................................................................................................... 30
4.4.2 ............... 31
4.5 .............................................................................................................. 39
4.5.1 ...................................................................... 39
4.5.2 ........................................................................................... 47
4.5.3 ...................................................................................... 49
4.5.4 2 ......................................................................................... 51
4.6 ................................................................................. 52
4.6.1 ........................................................................................................................... 52
4.6.2 ............................................................................................................................ 52
4.6.3 ............................................................................................................. 59

1
5 .................................................................................................... 63
5.1 .................................................................................................................................. 63
5.2 ........................................................................................................ 64
5.3 ............................................................................................................. 65
5.4 ..................................................................................................... 65
5.5 ............................................................................................................... 66
5.5.1 .......................................................................................................... 66
5.5.2 ..................................................................................................... 67
5.6 ................................................................................................................ 67
5.6.1 .......................................................................................................... 67
5.6.2 ..................................................................................................... 68
5.6.3 ............................................................................................ 72
5.6.4 ..................................................................................................... 73
5.7 ...................................................................................... 74
5.8 ....................................................................................................... 74

6 .................................................................................................................................... 75
6.1 .................................................................................................................................. 75
6.2 ...................................................................... 76
6.3 .............................................................................................................. 77
6.4 - ...................................................................................... 78
6.4.1 ......................................................................................... 78
6.4.2 ........................................................................................................... 78
6.5 ....................................................................... 79
6.6 - ........................ 79
6.6.1 .......................................................................... 80
6.6.2 ............................................................... 80
6.6.3 .............................................................................. 80
6.6.4 ................................................................................ 81
6.6.5 ......................................................................................... 82
6.6.6 ....................................................................... 83
6.6.7 ....................................................................................... 84
6.6.8 ................................................................................................................ 84
6.7 ....................................................................................................... 84
6.7.1 ............................................................................................................. 84
6.7.2 ...................................................................................................... 88
6.7.3 .................................................................................. 89

7 ................................................... 91
7.1 ................................................................................................ 91
7.2 ...................................................................................... 92
7.3 ............................................................................................. 93
7.4 2 ................................................................................................ 94

8 ............................................................................................................................ 95

9 .............................................................................................................................. 96


2013/42

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3
 NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE OF STEEL STRUCTURES

DIPLOMA THESIS
2013/42
Study of the behavior of a multi-storey steel building
Koutelidakis E. . (supervised by Vayas I.)

Abstract

This thesis studies the behavior of a multi-storey steel building. For this purpose it have
been realized comparative static models with two analytical programs and many parametric
inquiries. The results from the above inquiries have been taken into consideration at the
design of the building's model which have been used during this project.
The structure is a five-storey steel building with rectangular floor plan. The stability of
the construction against to the horizontal forces is ensured by moment resisting frames. Each
moment resisting frame functions in one direction (X or Y), independently from the others.
In these frames we have to pay attention to the configuration of beam-to-column connections.
Initially we made analysis of the structure where the joints of moment resistance frames
are considered rigid (full strength) and the other connections pinned.
Based on the results from the analysis have been designed the beam-to-column
connections as the column base connections.
Then we re-analyzed the model of the building taking into account the stiffness of the
beam-to-column connections we have designed.
From the maxim of this thesis we reach conclusions about the model of the structure and
the designing of similar buildings.

4



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1 0,434 1 0 0
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29
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32
 1. 5.2 1993-1-1.
c d 514
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33
 600
4,00m 4.4 ().

4.5: 600.

600
h= 600 mm t w =15,5mm A vz =110,8cm2 y =171000cm4
b=300mm t f =30,0mm W pl,y = 6425cm3 i y =25,17cm
2
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34
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35
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t f 40mm y-y a ao

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36
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4.6.

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0,5 1 0,34 0,654 0,2 0,654 2 0,793

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0,793 0,793 2 0,654 2
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Scia Engineering.

37
38
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4.6:

39
 4.8: ,
Scia Engineering. =5579,3kNsec2/m.

(sec)
X Y Z
1 1,8195 0,7091 0 0
2 1,6823 0 0,7211 0
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4 0,5959 0,1857 0 0
5 0,5572 0 0,1842 0
6 0,3778 0 0 0
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5 0,5482 0 0,1844 0
6 0,3899 0 0 0
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40
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 ()

4.7: () y,Ed (kNm), ()

V, Ed (kN), () Ed (kN) () u y (m)
, Scia Engineering. .

()

()

42
 ()

()

4.8: () y,Ed (kNm), ()

V Ed (kN), () Ed (kN) () u y (m)
, SAP2000. .

Scia Engineering SAP

.

4.9: .

43
 4.10: .

M y , Ed M y , Ed
(M SCIA -M SAP )/M SCIA
(kNm) (kNm)
(%)
Scia SAP

1 249,46 246,91 1,02

2 304,09 296,27 2,57
3 119,95 117,31 2,20

4 123,47 122,55 0,75

5 100,07 99,99 0,08

4.11: .

V Ed V Ed
(V SCIA -V SAP )/V SCIA
(kN) (kN)
(%)
Scia SAP

1 60,57 59,93 1,07

2 73,36 71,89 2,60
3 29,80 29,13 2,30

4 30,56 30,32 0,79

5 24,45 24,41 0,16

4.12: .

uy uy
(u SCIA -u SAP )/ u SCIA
(m) (m)
(%)
Scia SAP

1 0,0064 0,0063 1,56

2 0,0164 0,0161 1,83
3 0,0285 0,0278 2,46

4 0,0427 0,0415 2,81

5 0,0551 0,0535 2,90

44
 4.13: .

My, Ed My, Ed
(M SCIA -M SAP )/M SCIA
(kNm) (kNm)
(%)
Scia SAP

1 417,80 422,36 -1,09

2 193,85 185,33 4,39
3 237,86 236,62 0,52

4 147,78 154,55 -4,58

5 98,69 99,90 -1,23

4.14: .

V Ed V Ed
(V SCIA -V SAP )/V SCIA
(kN) (kN)
(%)
Scia SAP

1 123,07 126,59 -2,86

2 78,77 76,44 2,96
3 64,56 64,40 0,25

4 58,79 59,78 -1,68

5 37,06 39,00 -5,24

4.15: .

N Ed N Ed
(N SCIA -N SAP )/N SCIA
(kN) (kN)
(%)
Scia SAP

1 203,53 198,00 2,72

2 150,61 146,73 2,58
3 83,29 82,15 1,37

4 54,99 54,71 0,51

5 24,52 24,49 0,12

45
 , (Scia Engineering - SAP 2000)
x,
.
, (,
), ( ,
)

CHS508/40.
Scia Engineering SAP 2000,
.
( 4.8)
98,7% 98,8%
.
90% 8.
,
, (
).
, '' ''.

(sec)
X Y Z
1 1,8195 0,7091 0 0
2 1,6823 0 0,7211 0

()

46
 ()

4.10: () 1 , , () 2
, .

4.5.2

Lx
F Ex

ex
Ly ey

F Ex

F Ey F Ey

4.11: .

47

,

: e ai = 0,05L i .
:

e ai i
, .
Li , .

si mi
Fi Fb , (4.1)
sj mj

:
Fi i.
Fb .
si, sj m i , m j

m i , m j .

,
M ai i :

M ai eai Fi , (4.2)

M ai i

e ai i

Fi i,
e ai .

( ).
:

M ai
FEi , (4.3)
Li

48

1,0G+0,3Q+ +0,3 F b,x =2782,44kN.
e ai = 0,05L i =0,0540,0m=2,0m.

4.16: .

si mi s i m i Fi Mai F Ex
(mm) (kNsec2/m) (kN) (kNm) (kN)
1 5,6 1169,73 6550,47 107,60 215,20 5,38

2 15,8 1171,85 18515,19 304,14 608,28 15,21

3 29,9 1158,77 34647,14 569,13 1138,26 28,46

4 46,7 1153,62 53873,86 884,95 1769,90 44,25
5 60,3 925,39 55801,30 916,62 1833,24 45,83
2782,44kN

1,0G+0,3Q+ +0,3 F b,y =2988,60kN.
e ai = 0,05L i =0,0549,0m=2,45m.

4.17: .

si mi s i m i Fi Mai F Ey
(mm) (kNsec2/m) (kN) (kNm) (kN)
1 5,5 1169,73 6433,50 123,06 301,50 6,15

2 15,1 1171,85 17694,89 338,46 829,24 16,92

3 27,9 1158,77 32329,61 618,39 1515,06 30,92

4 42,7 1153,62 49259,39 942,22 2308,45 47,11
5 54,6 925,39 50526,55 966,46 2367,83 48,32
2988,60kN

:
S d = 1,0G + 0,3Q E CCX X 0,3 Y
S d = 1,0G + 0,3Q E CCY 0,3 .
E CCX E CCY .
.

4.5.3

, , ,
,
:

d r 0,007h , (4.4)

49
 dr ,
d s
, d s =qd e .
de
( . G+0,3QE CCY E Y 0,3E )
q , q=4
h , 4,00m.
v o

, v=0,4.
:

q (d eo d eu )
0,4 0,007 , (4.5)
h

d e .
d eu .

4.18: .

de q ( d eo d eu )
v
(cm) h
d eo -d eu (cm)
1 0,71 0,71 0,0028

2 1,85 1,14 0,0046

3 3,28 1,43 0,0057
4 4,98 1,70 0,0068

5 6,47 1,49 0,0060

4.19: .

de q (d eo d eu )
v
(cm) h
d eo -d eu (cm)
1 0,69 0,69 0,0028
2 1,80 1,11 0,0044

3 3,16 1,36 0,0054

4 4,73 1,57 0,0063
5 6,09 1,36 0,0054

50
4.5.4 2

Ptot d r
= 0,10 , (4.6)
Vtot h

P tot

V tot .

0,1<0,2

: =1/(1-). 0,3.

4.20: .

Ptot Vtot de
X
(kN) (kN) (cm)
h (m) d eo -d eu (cm)
1 4,00 54733,42 2782,44 0,71 0,71 0,140

2 4,00 43258,42 2674,84 1,85 1,14 0,184

3 4,00 31762,60 2370,70 3,28 1,43 0,192

4 4,00 20395,09 1801,57 4,98 1,70 0,192

5 4,00 9078,12 916,62 6,47 1,49 0,148

4.21: .

Ptot Vtot de
Y
(kN) (kN) (cm)
h (m) d eo -d eu (cm)
1 4,00 54733,42 2988,60 0,69 0,69 0,126

2 4,00 43258,42 2865,54 1,80 1,11 0,168
3 4,00 31762,60 2527,08 3,16 1,36 0,171

4 4,00 20395,09 1908,68 4,73 1,57 0,168

5 4,00 9078,12 966,46 6,09 1,36 0,128

0,10<0,20.
=1/(1-0,192)=1,238
=1/(1-0,171)=1,206.
.

51
4.6
4.6.1

,
. ,
.

4.6.2

EN 1993,
.

.

.
, 1 2,

:

M Ed
1,00 , (4.7)
M pl,Rd
VEd
0,50 , (4.8)
Vpl,Rd
N Ed
0,15 , (4.9)
N pl,Rd

VEd VEd,G VEd, M , (4.10)

N Ed ,
M Ed ,
V Ed ,
N pl, Rd , M pl, Rd , V pl, Rd EN 1993,
V Ed,G -
,
V Ed,M
M pl,Rd,A M pl,Rd,B
A B . V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L
, L
.[10]

52

2 .
600 1 .

4.12: , 1 .

4.22: 600.

600
h= 600 mm t w =12,0mm A vz =83,78cm2
b=220 mm t f =19,0 mm W pl,y = 3512cm3
d=514 mm A=156,0cm2 r=24mm

1. 5.2 1993-1-1.

1, 4.4.2.
.

2. :
kN
fy 27,5
M pl , Rd W pl , y 3512cm 3 cm 2 1 965,8kNm
0 1,00 100

kN
Av f y 83,78cm 2 27,5
V pl , Rd cm 2 1330,2kN
3 0 3 1,00

kN
A fy 156,0cm 2 27,5
N pl , Rd cm 2 4290,0kN
0 1,00

3. 1,0G+0,3Q+E +0,3E +E CCY

M y,Ed = 412,43
V Ed = V Ed,G + V Ed,M =73,09+241,45=314,54kN
V Ed,G = 73,09kN
V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L=(965,8+965,8)kNm/8,0m=241,45kN.
Ed = 0 kN

53
 4. :

M Ed 412,43
0,43 1,00
M pl,Rd 965,8
VEd 314,54
0,24 0,50
Vpl,Rd 1330,20
N Ed
0 0,15
N pl,Rd

5.

pl , Rd 965,8
2,34
M Ed 412,43
.
.

600 2 .

4.13: , 2 .

,
1 .

1. 1,0G+0,3Q+E +0,3E +E CCY

M y,Ed = 490,24
V Ed = V Ed,G + V Ed,M =72,08+241,45=313,53kN
V Ed,G = 72,08kN
V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L=(965,8+965,8)kNm/8,0m=241,45kN.
Ed = 0 kN

2. :

M Ed 490,24
0,51 1,00
M pl,Rd 965,8

54
 VEd 313,53
0,24 0,50
Vpl,Rd 1330,20
N Ed
0 0,15
N pl,Rd

3.

pl , Rd 965,8
1,97
M Ed 490,24
.

400 3 .

4.14: , 3 .

4.23: 400.

400
h= 400 mm t w =8,6mm A vz =42,69cm2
b=180 mm t f =13,5 mm W pl,y = 1307cm3
d=331 mm A=84,46cm2 r=21mm

1. 5.2 1993-1-1.

a.
c d 331
38,48 72 72 0,92 66,24
t t w 8,6
1.

b tw 180 8,6
b. c r 21 64,7
2 2
c c 64,7
4,79 9 9 0,92 8,28
t t f 13,5
1. 1
.

55
 2.
kN
fy 27,5
M pl , Rd W pl , y 1307cm 3 cm 2 1 359,4kNm
0 1,00 100

kN
Av f y 42,69cm 2 27,5
V pl , Rd cm 2 677,8kN
3 0 3 1,00

kN
A fy 84,46cm 2 27,5
N pl , Rd cm 2 2322,65kN
0 1,00

3. 1,0G+0,3Q+E +0,3E +E CCY

M y,Ed = 248,98kNm
V Ed = V Ed,G + V Ed,M =69,95+89,85=159,8kN
V Ed,G = 69,95kN
V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L=(359,4+359,4)kNm/8,0m=89,85kN.
Ed = 0 kN

4. :

M Ed 248,98 VEd 159,8 N Ed

0,69 1,00 0,24 0,50 0 0,15
M pl,Rd 359,4 Vpl,Rd 677,8 N pl,Rd

5.

pl , Rd 359,4
1,44
M Ed 248,98

400 4 .

4.15: , 4 .

56
 ,
3 .

1. 1,0G+0,3Q+E +0,3E +E CCY

M y,Ed = 251,54kNm
V Ed = V Ed,G + V Ed,M =69,87+89,85=159,7kN
V Ed,G = 69,87kN
V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L=(359,4+359,4)kNm/8,0m=89,85kN.
Ed = 0 kN

2. :

M Ed 251,54
0,70 1,00
M pl,Rd 359,4
VEd 159,7
0,24 0,50
Vpl,Rd 677,8
N Ed
0 0,15
N pl,Rd

3.

pl , Rd 359,4
1,43
M Ed 251,54

400 5 .

4.16: , 5 .

,
3 .

1. 1,0G+0,3Q+E +0,3E +E CCY

M y,Ed = 192,64kNm

57
 V Ed = V Ed,G + V Ed,M =52,50+89,85=142,4kN
V Ed,G = 52,50kN
V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L=(359,4+359,4)kNm/8,0m=89,85kN.
Ed = 0 kN

2. :

M Ed 192,64
0,54 1,00
M pl,Rd 359,4
VEd 142,4
0,21 0,50
Vpl,Rd 677,8
N Ed
0 0,15
N pl,Rd

3.

pl , Rd
359,4
1,87 .
M Ed 192,64
:

4.24: , .

1 2,34

2 1,97

1 1,44

4 1,43
5 1,87

, :

4.25: , X.

1 2,39

2 1,91

1 1,65

4 1,57

5 2,02

58
4.6.3

. N Ed , M Ed , V Ed
:

N Ed N Ed,G 1,1 ov N Ed , E , (4.11)

M Ed M Ed,G 1,1 ov M Ed,E , (4.12)
VEd VEd,G 1,1 ov VEd,E , (4.13)

N Ed,G (M Ed,G , V Ed,G ) ( )

, -

,
N Ed,E (M Ed,E , V Ed,E ) ( )
,
ov ( ov =1,25)
i = M pl,Rd,i /M Ed,i
. M Ed,i
i M pl,Rd,i .
. [10]

V Ed
:

VEd
0,50 , (4.14)
Vpl,Rd

:
M Ed M Ed,G 1,1 ov M Ed,E ,
V Ed VEd ,G 1,1 ov VEd , E
N Ed =N Ed,G +1,1ovVN Ed,E M Ed,E , V Ed,E N Ed,E
:
1. Y 1,1 ov min = 1,1 1,25 1,43 = 1,97
2. 1,1 ov min = 1,1 1,25 1,57 = 2,16
Scia,


=1/(1-).

59
 4.17:
0,81.

4.18:
0,88.

600.

60
61
62
5
5.1
,
.
.
.
, 220.
.

5.1:
.

63
5.2

5.2: .

4
:

beff bo bei , (5.1)

Le
bei bi , (5.2)
8

bo 0
Le .
bi

7,00m. :
7 7
beff . 0 ( ) 1,750m , b ei =0,875<b i =1,00m.
8 8

. 220 .

5.3: (HEA220) 77mm.

64
5.3
5.1: 220

220
h= 210 mm t w =7,0mm A vz =20,67cm2 y =5410cm4
b=220mm t f =11,0mm W pl,y =568,5cm
3

d=152mm A=64,34cm2 r=18mm

.
( )
5.2
1993-1-1.
b tw 220 7
c r 18 88,5
2 2
c c 88,5
8,05 9 9 0,92 8,28
t tf 11
1.

.
5.2, 1993-1-1.
c d 152
21,7 72 72 0,92 66,24.
t tw 17
1. 1
.

5.4
:

1. ( 78,5
kN/m2.
2. 2,7kN/m2
3. - 1,2kN/m2
4. 0,5kN/m2
5. , 0,5kN/m2

2,0 kN/m2

:
g=(g b + g )=( 2,7kN/m2 2,0m + 0,505kN/m)=5,905kN/m
2,00m

65

q ult. = 1,35 5,905kN/m=7,97kN/m
7,97 7,00 2
M Ed 48,8kNm
8
7,97 7,00
V Ed 27,9kN
2

:
g=[(g +g +g +g / )b +g ]=
=[(2,7+1,2+0,5+0,5)kN/m22,0m + 0,505kN/m)]=10,30kN/m
:
q=2,0kN/m2 2,0m= 4,0kN/m

q ult. = 1,35 10,30kN/m + 1,54,0kN/m=19,90kN/m
19,90 7,00 2
M Ed 121,9kNm
8
19,90 7,00
V Ed 69,65kN
2

q serv. = 1,00 10,30kN/m + 1,004,0kN/m=14,30kN/m

5.2: .

1. 1.
2.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3..
4.

5.5
5.5.1

kN
fy 27,5
M pl , Rd W pl , y 568,5cm 3 cm 2 1 156,34kNm M 48,8kNm
0
Ed
1,00 100
kN
Av f y 20,67cm 2 27,5 2
V pl , Rd cm 328,2kN V 27,9kN
Ed
3 0 3 1,00

66
5.5.2

() .


.
.
Scia Engineering:

5.6
5.6.1

:
F c =b eff d0,85f cd = 175cm7,7cm0,85(2,5/1,5)kN/cm2=1908,96kN

:
F a = A a f ad = 64,34cm2 27,5 kN/cm2= 1769,35kN.

,

.
:
Aa f yd 1769,35kN
zo 7,14cm
beff 0,85 f cd 2,5 kN
175cm 0,85
1,5 cm 2

67
 5.4: .

:
z 21,0cm 7,14 1
M Pl , Rd Pa ( z a o ) 1769,35kN (15,0cm ) 388,02kNm M Ed
2 2 2 100
.

:
kN
Av f y 20,67cm 2 27,5
V pl , Rd cm 2 328,2kN V 69,65kN
Ed
3 0 3 1,00

5.6.2

( )
1.

. V l + = min{ F a , F c }.

.
d=22mm, h sc =125mm
S355.

5.3: mm.

d d2 h
16 29 50,75,100,125,150,175,200
19 32 75,100,125,150,200
22 35 50,75,100,125,150,175,200,225,250
25 38 100,125,150,175,200,250

68
 :
.

:

d2
PRd 0,8 f u ( )/v, (5.3)
4
PRd 0,29 a d 2 f ck E cm / v , (5.4)

d , (d=22mm)
fu f u 500MPa.
f ck C25/30.
E cm C25/30.
a a =1 h sc /d >4 ( h sc /d = 125mm/22mm = 5,68>4).
h
a =0,2 ( 1) 3 h sc /d 4.
d
h sc .
v ( v =1,25)

d2 kN (2,2cm) 2
PRd 0,8 f u ( ) / v 0,8 50 2 ( ) / 1,25 121,64kN
4 cm 4
kN kN
PRd 0,29 a d 2 f ck E cm / v 0,29 1 (2,2cm) 2 2,5 2 3050 2 / 1,25 98,05kN
cm cm

P Rd =98,05kN.

.

.

5.5: b o , .

69
 k t
:

0,7 bo hsc
kt ( 1) 1 , (5.5)
nr h p h p

:
nr .
, n r 2
bo , 50mm (
5.6 b o : b o =73mm).
hp , (h p =73mm)

:
1. h p <85mm
2. b o h p
3. d 22mm ( )

.
:
0,7 bo hsc 0,7 73 125mm
kt ( 1) ( 1) 0,50 k t ,max
nr h p h p 1 73 73mm
k t,max =0,75 1mm, n r =1
.
P Rd = 98,05kN 0,5=49,0kN.

5.6: .

(l cr =3,50m) (
) n f =V l /P Rd =1769,35/49=37.
, 188mm.

n c =3500mm/188mm=18.
, = n c /n f = 0,5 .

5.4.

70
 5.4: .

h sc 76mm
19mmd22mm
1 2
A fo =A fu

0,04L e =0,047,0=0,28
0,4
0,8

.
:

M Rd M a , pl , Rd ( M pl , Rd M a , pl , Rd ) , (5.6)

:
M Rd
M a,pl,Rd
M pl,Rd

n=0,5 :
M Rd M a , pl , Rd ( M pl , Rd M a , pl , Rd ) 156,34 0,5 (388,02 156,34) 272,2kNm M Ed

,
.

:
1. 0,5
2. ,
80mm.

5.5.

5.5: .

min e L max e L min e T min h sc - h p min b o min h 1

6(hp+hc)=900mm
5d=110mm 4d=88mm 2d=44mm 50mm 30mm
800mm

71
5.6.3

.

. ()
() .(=,
==). : A ce =A c /n, n=E /E c .

4
c = cm /2=15,25GPa. (n=210/15,25=13,77)

:
e =A +A c /n=A + (b eff. h c )/n=64,34cm2+(1757,7)cm2/13,77=162,20cm2.

:
Aa
c

(
).
A z Ac z c
ze a a
Aea
64,34cm 2 (15 21 / 2)cm (175cm 7,7cm) / 13,77 (7,7cm / 2)
ze 12,44cm
162,2cm 2

:
za

zc

c =(b eff. h c 3)/12= (175cm7,7 3cm3 )/12= 6 657,8cm4.
I A
I ea I a Aa ( z a z e ) 2 c c ( z e z c ) 2 ,
n n
I ea 5410cm 4 10974,1cm 4 483,5cm 4 7220,7cm 4 24088,3cm 4

:
Ia
Ic

72
 ze

.
:

5 q L4
, (5.7)
383 E a I

()
(220). .

5.6: .

q(kN/m)
(cm)
(cm4)
.. 5,91 5410 1,62
4,40 24088 0,27
4,00 24088 0,25
= 2,14

5.7: .

max 2
l/200 l/250
l/250 l/300
l/250 l/350
max =
2 =
l

max =700cm/250=2,8cm 2 =700cm/300=2,3cm.

.

5.6.4

() , .
.

.
, ,
.

73
5.7

HEA280. b eff. =2,00m.
d=22mm, h sc =125mm S355.
e L =170mm ( e L,min =110mm e L,max =800mm).
.

.

.

5.7: .

5.8
b eff. =1,75m.
h sc =125mm, d=22mm S355.
e L =188mm. ,
.

.

.

5.8: .

74
6
6.1
,

.
(), . :
1.
2.

, , .
6.1()
. :

.
, .. .

. [1]

A=
B=
C=
D=

() ()

6.1: () ()

75
6.2
,
,
Sj,ini ( ).

j
1:
S j,ini 8 EI b /L b
S j,ini 25EI b /L b

2:

3:
S j,ini 0,5EI b /L b

S j,ini
Ib
Lb

1.

.
.
2.

. .
3.


.
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
, (
).

76
 ( )

. .

. S
M j
.
,

,
. [1]

6.3

, ' .
, S j
S j,ini / ,
6.1.

Mj

j,Rd

j,Ed

S j,ini /

6.2: S j =S j,ini / M j,Ed M j,Rd.

6.1: .

( ,
-
,


)
2 3

2 3

2 3,5
- 3

77
6.4 -
6.4.1

-
.
' .
, (
).
.
,
. [4]

6.4.2

, . -
,
.

(, ) , (,
), ( )..

. [4]
.

.
.
:
1. ( 6.3)
2. ( 6.3)

() ()

6.3: - () ()
.

78
6.5

.

6.4. ,

6.4.
6.4. ,
, 6.4.
, .

() () ()

()
6.4: : () , ()
, ()
() .

6.6 -

-
. :
1.
a.
b.
c.
2. ( )
a.
b.
c.
d.

79
6.6.1

V w,Rd
:

0,9 Avc f y
Vwp , Rd , (6.1)
3 0

A vc
f yc

6.6.2

k wc beff ,c , wc t wc f y ,wc k wc beff ,c , wc t wc f y , wc

Fc , wc , Rd , (6.2)
0 0

, 6.3 EC3, part1-8

b eff,c,wc ,
beff ,c , wc t fb 2 2 a p 5 (t fc rc ) t p

k wc ( 1,0)

6.6.3

Fc , fb , Rd M c , Rd /(hb t fb ) , (6.3)

h b , t fb
c,Rd

80
 () () ()

6.5: () , () ,
() .

6.6.4

,
,

.
6.2 .

6.2: .

l eff,cp l eff,nc l eff,cp l eff,nc

2m 4m+1,25e 2p p

: : : :

2m 4m+1,25e m+p 2m+0,625e+0,5p

m+2e 1 2m+0,625e+2e 1 2e 1 +p e 1 +0,5p
l eff,1 = l eff,nc l eff,1 l eff,cp l eff,1 = l eff,nc l eff,1
1
l eff,cp
2 l eff,2 = l eff,nc l eff,2 = l eff,nc

1.
2.

81
 6.6: m, e, e min (
).

6.3: , .

1 4 M pl ,1, Rd
( ) FT ,1, Rd
m
2 2 M pl ,1, Rd n Ft , Rd
( ) FT , 2, Rd
mn
3 FT ,3, Rd Ft , Rd
( )

F T,Rd = min(F T,1,Rd , F T,2,Rd , F T,3,Rd )

:
M pl ,1, Rd 0,25 l eff ,1 t f f y / 0
2
pl,1,Rd
M pl ,1, Rd 0,25 l eff , 2 t f f y / 0
2
pl,2,Rd
n n e1 n 1,25 m
F t,Rd
F t,Rd F t,Rd

6.6.5

,
,
,
.
6.4.

.


,
e x m x e m.

82
 6.7: .

6.4: .

l eff,cp l eff,nc l eff,cp l eff,nc
: :
2m x 4m x +1,25e x
m x +w e+2m x +0,625e x _ _
m x +e 0,5b p
0,5w+2m x +0,625e x

0,5p+m
2m m m+p
-(2m+0,625e)


2m 4m+1,25e 2p p


2m 4m+1,25e m+p 2m+0,625e+0,5p

1 l eff,1 = l eff,nc l eff,1 l eff,cp l eff,1 = l eff,nc l eff,1

l eff,cp
2 l eff,2 = l eff,nc l eff,2 = l eff,nc

() () () ()

6.8: () , () , ()
() .

6.6.6

beff ,t , wc t wc f y , wc
Ft , wc , Rd , (6.4)
0

b eff,t,wc
.

83
6.6.7

,
:

Ft , wb , Rd beff ,t , wb t wb f y , wb / 0 , (6.5)

b eff,t,wb
.

6.6.8

M Rd Fti hi Ft1 h1 Ft 2 h2 .... Fti hi , (6.6)

F c = F ti = F t1 +F t2 +...+F ti .
F c = min (V wp,Rd ; F c,wc,Rd ; F c,fb,Rd )

6.7

, '
.
(1 ) (2
) 3.3
3, 1-8.
, .

6.7.1

8. :

R d 1,1 ov R fy , (6.7)

Rd
R fy
v o , v =1,25.

400 500.
Pl 30x840x300mm (S275), 27
10.9.
.
t=8mm.

84
 6.9: .

6.10: .

:
M Rd = 608kNm > 1,1 ov M pl,Rd, IPE400 = 1,11,25 359,4=494 kNm.
V Rd = 1249kN > 1,1 ov ( V Ed,G + V Ed,M )=1,11,25 159,8=220 kN.

V Ed,G =69,95kN 1,0G+0,3Q

V Ed,M = (M pl,Rd,A +M pl,Rd,B )/L=(359,4+359,4)kNm/8,0m=89,85kN

85
 6.11: , S j,ini .

S j,ini >25EI b /L b =25(210000N/m22,31310-4m4)/8m=151,79MNm,
.
.

.

M Rd,j

, M pl,Rd

, d

6.12:
-.

86
 6.13:
.

6.14:
.

87
6.7.2

6.15: .

280 600.
Pl 20x310x300mm (S275) 24
10.9. :
V Rd =237,2 kN > V Ed = 209,0kN.

6.16: .

6.17: , S j,ini .

S j,ini >0,5EI b /L b =0,5(210000N/m21,3710-4m4)/8m=1,798MNm,
.

88
6.7.3

(600)

, 6.18.
( )
(360), 6.18.
6.18
Pl 50x870x350mm (S275), 10.9 27.

. C25/30,
6.19. :
Rd = 487kNm, V Rd =1350kN N Rd =4900kN.
6.18
Pl 50x450x350mm (S275), 27 10.9.
.
C25/30 1,00x2,50x2,50m.
: Rd =193,2kNm, V Rd =961,6kN
N Rd =2900kN.
( ),

, EN 1998-5:2004.

() ()

89
 6.18: .

() ()

6.19: ()
() .

:
1.
L/3, L
. "" (L/2)
.
M H t 465,32kNm 149,59kN 1,00m L 2,5
e 0,38m X 0,83m
V G . G . 1498,34kN 82,11kN 34,32kN 3 3

2.
( ). e=0,38< L x /6=0,42
:

V G . G . 6 e 1498,34kN 82,11kN 34,32kN 6 0,38m

max 1 1 617,5kPa
L X LY LX 2,5m 2,0m 2,5m
V G . G . 6 e 1498,34kN 82,11kN 34,32kN 6 0,38m
min 1 1 28,5kPa
L X LY LX 2,5m 2,0m 2,5m

V=1498,34kN

H=149,59kN M=465,32kNm

t=1,0m

min

max

L X /2 L X /2

90
7

7.1: Scia Engineering.

-
,

.
,

.

.[l]

- ,
.
.

7.1
-
( ) ,
.

7.1: .

(sec) (sec)
X X Y
1 1,8195 0,7091 0 1,8883 0,7173 0
2 1,6823 0 0,7211 1,7208 0 0,7338

91
7.2
.
.
( )
( 7.2) , F b = m S d (T).

y, =1,682sec
y, =1,721sec

7.2: S d,y (T) y .

7.2: , .

u y (mm) u y (mm)
1 6,4 6,7

2 16,4 17,6

3 28,5 30,3
4 42,7 44,4

5 55,1 56,3

56,3 ( y, =1,721sec)
60
u y (mm)

44,4 55,1 ( y, =1,682sec)

50

40 42,7
30,3
30
28,5
17,6
20
6,7 16,4
10
6,4
0
0 1 2 3 4 5

7.3: , .

92
 7.3:
.

y,d (kNm) V Ed (kN) y,d (kNm) V Ed (kN)

1 249,46 60,57 204,33 49,98
2 304,09 73,76 248,57 60,91

3 119,95 29,80 105,58 26,29

4 123,47 30,56 104,00 25,78

5 100,07 24,45 82,64 20,25

7.4:
.

y,d Ed V Ed y,d Ed V Ed
(kNm) (kN) (kN) (kNm) (kN) (kN)
1 417,80 203,53 123,07 426,37 171,07 116,89

2 193,85 150,61 78,77 175,96 126,90 66,94

3 237,86 83,29 64,56 204,95 71,00 56,48
4 147,78 54,99 58,79 132,19 46,02 53,19

5 98,69 24,52 37,06 82,64 20,32 30,05

7.3
7.5:
X.

de q ( d eo d eu )
v
(cm) h
d eo -d eu (cm)
1 0,75 0,75 0,0030
2 1,98 1,23 0,0049

3 3,51 1,53 0,0061

4 5,24 1,73 0,0069
5 6,72 1,48 0,0059

93
 7.6: Y.

de q ( d eo d eu )
v
(cm) h
d eo -d eu (cm)
1 0,73 0,73 0,0029

2 1,93 1,20 0,0048

3 3,35 1,42 0,0057

4 4,91 1,56 0,0062
5 6,22 1,31 0,0052

Y
.

7.4 2
7.7: X.

Ptot Vtot de

(kN) (kN) (cm)
h (m) d eo -d eu (cm)
1 4,00 54733,42 2710,25 0,75 0,75 0,151

2 4,00 43258,42 2604,01 1,98 1,23 0,204
3 4,00 31762,60 2298,89 3,51 1,53 0,211

4 4,00 20395,09 1735,80 5,24 1,73 0,203

5 4,00 9078,12 878,35 6,72 1,48 0,153

7.8: Y.

Ptot Vtot de
Y
(kN) (kN) (cm)
h (m) d eo -d eu (cm)
1 4,00 54733,42 2905,31 0,73 0,73 0,138

2 4,00 43258,42 2782,53 1,93 1,20 0,187

3 4,00 31762,60 2440,61 3,35 1,42 0,185

4 4,00 20395,09 1826,26 4,91 1,56 0,174
5 4,00 9078,12 917,04 6,22 1,31 0,130

: 2, 3 4
(<0,20).
.

.
.

94
8


.

() .

.

75%.

-
,
.

,

.
.

2

.

.

95
9
1. ., ., . (2005).
, 2 , , .
2. ., ., ., (2005). ,
3, . , .
3. ., ., . (1999). ,
3, I. , .
4. ., ., . (2003). ,
. , .
5. . (2010). , 3
, , .
6. 1991-1-1, 1,
, 1-1: -, ,
, CEN, 2002.
7. 1993-1-1, 3, , 1-1:
, CEN, 2004.
8. 1993-1-1, 3, , 1-8:
, CEN, 2003.
9. 1994-1-1, 4,
, 1-1: , CEN,
2004.
10. 1998-1-1, 8, , 1: ,
, CEN, 2004.
11. http://www.techscience.gr (Scia Engineering)

96