OUTLINE OF AN ARTICLE REVIEW

GOAL Madole dan Cohen (1995) tertarik untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran IPS
dengan pendekatan xxx. Menurut mereka, model tersebut perlu dikembangkan karena:
(1) ..; (2) ..; dan (3) Hal tersebut diakui peneliti sangat urgen untuk
dikembangkan mengingat situasi lapangan, terutama guru, yang ... .

Madole and Cohen (1995) were interested in examining developmental transitions

ininfants attention to form-function correlations. Specifically, infants' attention to
arbitraryand meaningful structure-function correlations was examined in a visual
habituation task.
METHOD Fourteen and 18-month-old infants were habituated to four objects embodying a set
ofstructure- Fourteen and 18-month-old infants were habituated to four objects
embodying a set ofstructure-function correlations. Following habituation, infants were
tested with objects thatmaintained the correlation and with objects that violated it. For
some infants, the correlationsseen during habituation were meaningful: the form of one
part of the object was correlatedwith the function of that same part. This relationship
was consistent with the mechanisticbehavior of real objects. For other infants, the
correlations seen during habituation werearbitrary: the form of one part of the object
was correlated with the function of a different part.This correlation was not consistent
with the mechanistic behavior of real objects.
RESULTS Madole and Cohen (1995) found that both the younger and older infants attended to the
meaningful form-function correlation. Both age groups generalized their attention to
objects that maintained the familiarized correlations and increased their attention to
objects in which the correlation was violated.However, only the youngerinfants
attended to the arbitrary form-function correlation. That is, the younger infantsseemed
to recognize and respond to correlations that were unrecognized by the olderinfants.
The younger infants attended to meaningful correlations as well as to those thatare
more arbitrary or phenomenalistic.
CONCLUSIO Madole and Cohen (1995) concluded that older infants are limited, perhaps because of
N their greater experience with objects, in their attention to certain form function
correlations. They argue that this may be an instance in which knowledge about the
way real, familiar objects usually behave directs and focuses one's attention
toward new objects.
COMMENTS 1. Is the rationale for the study clear, given the background literature? Do you agree
with the authors reasons for doing the study? Can you think of reasons not
mentioned by the author?
2. Can aspects of the methodology be criticized?
- Sample of participants
- definition and measurement of variables
- experimental control
3. Do the authors conclusions seem reasonable given the results? Why or why not?
4. Do the authors conclusions reflect any theoretical biases? Explain. What might
someone with a different theoretical perspective conclude about the results?
5. Assume for a moment that the conclusions are correct.
What does this article tell us about development?
How does this article inform us about the mainthemes or issues in
development? These themes were discussed in the first week of class and
 aredescribed in the first chapter of the textbook.
How does the article relate to other issues discussed in class and in the
textbook?
What implications does this article have for people (teachers, parents, or others
who deal withchildren) in the real world?