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Mazlan's Lecture MNE - Fire Protection in Malaysia - 2nd PDF
Mazlan's Lecture MNE - Fire Protection in Malaysia - 2nd PDF
Mazlan's Lecture MNE - Fire Protection in Malaysia - 2nd PDF
FIRE PROTECTION
IN MALAYSIA
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS (FPS)
2. MAKING TRADE-OFF allows more flexibility in architectural design i.e ATRIUM etc
8. SMOKE MANAGEMENT
DESCRIPTION
FOUR TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
WATER
DRY POWDER
CARBON DIOXIDE CO2
FOAM
CLASSIFICATIONS
DESIGN STANDARDS
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
Not less than 6 m from building & not more than 30 m from entrance to the
building
Space not more than 90 m apart along the minimum 6 m in width road
Capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons of Fire brigade vehicles.
2 or 3 outlets pillar type with underground sluice valve
In owners boundary: should be provided with 30m of 65mm rubber-lined hose
(complete with nozzles) in steel cabinet beside each hydrant.
Underground hydrants are not encouraged due to difficulty of access
Capable to handle 1000 l/min & running pressure of 4 bars but max to 7 bars only
The hydrant mains are usually laid underground with cement lined steel pipe.
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material used for an area where corossion
is a major concern
HYDRANT PUMPS
HYDRANT TANKS
DESCRIPTION
Hose reel system is intended for the occupant to use during early stages of a fire and
comprises hose reel pumps, water storage tanks, hose reels, pipe work and valves.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
Tank size based on 2275 litres for the first hose reel & others 1137.5 litres to
maximum of 9100 litres for eqach system
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm
should be painted.
The tank will automatically refill from water supply pipe of 50mm diameter and
minimum flow is 150/m
Usually hose reel tanks are separated from domestic water storage tank. However,
the two can be combined to give sum total capacity.
Tap off point of the domestic use must be above the tap off point of for the hose
reels so that minimum fire reserve is always maintained
Tank located on the roof or upper floors and the static pressure is adequate to
achive the required pressure & flowrate.
If pumps required, a bypass pipe is usually provided
4. DRY RISER SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
Internal hydrant to use by fireman which normally dry & depend on fire engine to
pump water into the system
Required for building of top most floor is higher than 18.3 m & less than 30.5 m
above the fire appliance access level
Breeching Inlets to the system are located at ground level (See Fig 8.1)
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
LANDING VALVE
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Located at lobbies & staircases
Installed 0.75 m above floor level
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4
Fire hose rubber-lined type complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle
should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve
BREECHING INLET
The fire brigade breeching inlet (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 3) installed at the
bottom of the riser
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Dry Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use
A two-way breeching inlet for 100 mm diameter dry riser
A 4-way breeching inlet for 150 mm diameter dry riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m
from the nearest external hydrant outlet
RISER PIPE
If the highest outlet is more than 23 m above the breeching inlet, use 150 mm dry
riser else 100 mm.
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C tested at 21
bars
Horizontal pipework feeding the risers should be sloped for proper draining after use
An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the buliding
DESCRIPTION
Internal hydrant to use by fireman and are always charged with water
Required for building of top most floor is higher than 30.5 m above the fire
appliance access level
Need pumps
Wet riser pipe is 150 mm.
Rubber-lined hose with nozzles
For high rise buildings, each stage of wet riser should not exceed 71 m
See Fig 9.1 for the typical wet riser installation
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Located at lobbies & staircases
Installed 0.75 m above floor level
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4
Pressure at landing valve should be between 4-7 bars
Fire hose rubber-lined type (not less than 35mm dia. & 30 m in length) complete
with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside
each landing valve
BREECHING INLET
Should be a 4-way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3)
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Wet Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m
from the nearest external hydrant outlet
Minimum capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate 455 l/m
The intermediate break tank for for upper stages of the wet riser should be not less
than 11,375 litres with automatic refill rate 1365 l/m
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm
should be painted.
Tanks located on the ground floor or basement
Wet riser tanks separated from other water storage tank
However, it may be combined with hose reel tanks and the capacity is the sum total
from both tanks. Hose reel tap off level should be above the wet riser tap off such
that wet riser reserve is maintained
6. DOWNCOMER SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
Internal hydrant for fireman to use and always charge with water from water
tank located on the top of the building WITHOUT any pump.
Only permitted to residential buildings with open balcony & the topmost floor is
not more than 60 maboe the fire appliance access level
150mm riser pipe with landing valve on each floor and to which rubber-lined
hose with nozzles
Should be adopted for low cost flats only
A typical downcomer Installation shown in Fig 10.1
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
BREECHING INLET
The fire brigate breeching inlets into which fireman will pump water into the
downcomer system located at ground floor
Should be a 4-way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3)
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Downcomer Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m
from the nearest external hydrant
Check valve is installed between the topmost landing valve and the tank to prevent
back flow of the water from the downcomer into the tank
DOWNCOMER PIPE
Each downcomer should cover not more than 900 m sq floor area.
If more than one riser per floor, the distance apart between then not more than 60 m
The downcomer pipe diameter is 150 mm
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C
An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the
pipe can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted
red
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the buliding
Minimum capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate 455 l/m
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm
should be painted.
Tanks located on the roof
Wet riser tanks separated from other water storage tank
However, it may be combined with hose reel tanks and the capacity is the sum total
from both tanks. Hose reel tap off level should be above the downcomer tap off such
that water is reserve for the downcomer
TYPE OF SPRINKLERS
Sprinkler head has no bulb.and water is discharge simultaneously from all heads
when fire is detected and the deluge valve is opened
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
As describe in B.S. 5306 Part 2, hazard is devided into three main categories as
follows:
a) Light Hazard
non-industrial occupancies
low quantity of combustibility contents
example: apartments, flat, schools, hostel UTM & hospital
b) Ordinary Hazard
Group I : Offices, restaurants & hotels
Group II : Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Group III : Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Group IV : Match factories, film & television studios
c) High Hazard
SPRINKLER PUMPS
Group III : Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Head =15 m; Q = 2250 dm3 /min at P = 1.4 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 2700 dm3 /min at P = 2.0 bars
Head =45 m; Q = 3100 dm3 /min at P = 2.5 bars
WATER TANKS
Group III : Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 135 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 160 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 185 m3
SPRINKLER HEAD
Each sprinkler installation should have installation control valves which consist of
main stop valves, alarm valves, drain line with stop valve, flow rate & pressure
gauges
Maximum number of sprinklers to be fed from one set of installation control valve
shall be;
SPRINKLER PIPEWORK