School of Engineering and Applied Science, Ahmedabad University

Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Lab 1

Name: Aneri Sheth

Roll number: 1401072

Brief Theory:

FIR Filter - a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose impulse response is
of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. This is in contrast to infinite impulse
response (IIR) filters, which may have internal feedback and may continue to respond
indefinitely (usually decaying).
N 1
y (n) h(k ) x(n k ), n 0,....., M
k 0

y(n) is the output signal, x(n) is the input signal, h is the impulse response for M+1 sequence
and N is the order of the filter.

Adaptive Filter - An adaptive filter is a system with a linear filter that has a transfer
function controlled by variable parameters and a means to adjust those parameters according
to an optimization algorithm. Because of the complexity of the optimization algorithms, almost
all adaptive filters are digital filters.

Basically, an adaptive filter is a digital filter with LMS or RLS algorithm design.

LMS (Least Mean Square) Algorithm - Least mean squares (LMS) algorithms are a class
of adaptive filter used to mimic a desired filter by finding the filter coefficients that relate to
producing the least mean square of the error signal (difference between the desired and the
actual signal).
MATLAB Code:

1) Adaptive Filter
2) System Identification
Output Screenshot:

1) Adaptive Filter

2) System Identification
Interpretation of Results:

The output signal y and the desired output d from the lms function tend to be the same.
The output signal of the FIR Filter adapts to the desired output from the LMS Algorithm.
A random signal when passed through an unknown system (unknown channel impulse
response), also gives the desired output and the output signal to be same after certain
iterations.
The error (d-y) tends to decrease with the number of iterations. (Adaptive filtering
property makes the error lesser with time.)