CHEMISTRY

FORM 4

MANUFACTURED
SUBTANCES IN
NAMA : Siti Nur Hidayah Binti Mohd Nizam
CLASS : 4 Science Technology
 objectives
• understand the manufacture of sulphuric acid
• synthesise the manufacture of ammonia and
its salts
• understand alloys
• evaluate the uses of synthetic polymer
• apply the uses of glass and ceramics
• evaluate the uses of composite materials
• appreaciate various synthetuc industrial
materials
 sulphuric acid

• USES OF SULPHURIC ACID

1. Sulphuric acid is used to produce chemical fertilizer such as
ammonium
sulphate and potassium sulphate, which are highly soluble in water
and
can be easily observed by plant
2. Car batteries contain sulphuric acid which is used as the electrolyte
3. Sulphuric acid also used in the making of artificial silk-like fibres and
rayon
4. Chemical like paints, dyes and drug use sulphuric acid as one of their
component materials

• MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID

1. Sulphuric acid is manufatured in industry though contant process
2. The process contain three stage

STAGE 1 : Production Of Sulphuric Dioxide From Sulphur

i. Combustion of sulphur or sulphide ores in the air produce
sulphur
dioxide SO2
S(s)+O2(g) SO2(g)
ii. Sulphur dioxide is dried and purified

STAGE 2 : Production Of Sulphur Trioxide From Sulphur Dioxide

i. The purified sulphur dioxide SO2 and excess air are passed over
vandium (V) oxide V2O5 at controlled optimum condition to
produce sulphur trioxide SO3
2SO2(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)
ii. The optimum used are
 a) Temperature : 450-500 degree
b) Pressure : 2-3 atmospheres
c) Catalyst : Vanadium(V) oxide
iii. Under controlled optimum conditions, 98% conversion is
possible. Sulphur dioxide and oxygen that have not reacted are
allowed to flow back again over the catalyst in the converter

STAGE 3 : Conversion of trioxide to sulphuric acid

i. Sulphur trioxide SO2 is dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid
H2SO4
SO3(g)+H2SO4 H2S2O7(l)

H2S2O7(l)+H2O(l) 2H2SO4(aq)

ii. the two reactions in stage3 are equivalent to adding sulphur

trioxide directly into water
SO3(g)+H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)

iii. The addition of sulphur trioxide directly into is not carried out
because the reaction is vary vigorous, a lot of heat is given off.
As a result, a large cloud of sulphuric acid fumes is produced,
which is corrosive and causes severe air pollution

The contant process

sulphur oxygen

S(s)+O2(g)
2SO(g)+O2(g) 2SO3(g)
Temperature : 450-500°C
Pressure : 2-3 atmospheres
Catalyst : Vanadium(V) oxide
oxygen
Unreacted
2% O2 is
flowed
back to
converter
together
with

SO2+H2SO4(aq) H2S2O7(l)
H2S2O7(l)+H2O(l)