Khám Phs Tư Duynh Giải Nhanh Thần Tốc Nguyễn Anh Phong

NGUYN ANH PHONG
TRNG I HC NGOI THNG H NI
n
.v
om
.c
ok
bo
et
vi
PHIN BN MI NHT
ng
p dng ng nh lut
a
Kt hp ng cc nh lut
kh
Nhng dng ton kh thng gp trong k thi Quc gia
NHA XUAT BAN AI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI

MC LC
n
.v
PHN I: T DUY SNG TO HIU BN CHT HA
om
HC ................................................................................................. 3
A. nh lut bo ton nguyn t (BTNT)............................................. 4
.c
B. nh lut bo ton electron (BTE) ................................................. 22
ok
C. nh lut bo ton in tch (BTDT)............................................. 50
bo
D. nh lut bo ton khi lng (BTKL) ......................................... 64
PHN II: LUYN TP K NNG K XO GII TON

et
BNG CC NH LUT BO TON ..................................... 79

vi
PHN III: NHNG CON NG T DUY GII CC DNG

ng
TON C TH. ......................................................................... 185

a
kh
Cty TNHH MTV DVVH Khang Vit
PHN I
T DUY SNG TO HIU BN CHT
HA HC
Trc y khi chng ta p dng hnh thc thi t lun th cch t duy trong Ha
Hc l vit phng trnh phn ng sau t n vo phng trnh ri tnh ton.
Nhng vi kiu thi trc nghim hin ny nhng kiu t duy nh vy s gp rt
n
nhiu hn ch nu khng mun ni l rt nguy him. Nhiu thy c khng tri qua
nhng k thi trc nghim nn c l s khng hiu ht c sc p v thi gian kinh
.v
khng nh th no. iu nguy him l khi b p v thi gian hu ht cc bn s
mt bnh tnh dn ti s tnh to v khn ngoan gim i rt nhiu.
om
L ngi trc tip tham gia trong k thi nm 2012 ca B Gio dc v o to
ti trng i hc Ngoi thng H Ni v trng i hc Y Thi Bnh, v rt
nhiu ln thi th ti cc trung tm H Ni nh: i hc S phm, i hc
.c
KHTN, HTC, Cha Bc, Hc mi, vi tt c kinh nghim v tm huyt luyn
thi i hc nhiu nm ti H Ni, tc gi mnh dn trnh by b ti liu Nhng
ok
con ng t duy thn tc trong Ha hc. Trong qu trnh c v luyn tp, tc
gi mong mun cc bn hy tch cc suy ngh, t duy hiu phong cch gii ton
bo
ha hc ca mnh. Khi cc bn hiu c li t duy ca mnh cc bn s thy

ha hc tht s l rt n gin.
Trong phn I ca cun sch ny mnh mun trnh by v hng mi hiu
et
bn cht ca cc phn ng ha hc. Ta c th hiu bn cht ca cc phn ng Ha

vi
hc ch l qu trnh nguyn t di chuyn t cht ny qua cht khc, hay ni mt

cch khc l qu trnh kt hp gia cc nguyn t to ra v s cht khc nhau.
ng
Cng ging nh trong m nhc ch c 7 nt nhc nhng khi kt hp li c th to

ra v s giai iu. S k diu l ch .Trong qu trnh cc nguyn t di chuyn
s c hai kh nng xy ra:
a
Kh nng 1: S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t khng i.

kh
Kh nng 2: S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t thay i.

D cho kh nng no xy ra th cc qu trnh ha hc vn tun theo cc nh
lut kinh in l:
(1) nh lut BO TON NGUYN T.
(2) nh lut BO TON ELECTRON.
(3) nh lut BO TON IN TCH.
(4) nh lut BO TON KHI LNG.
Mc ch ca mnh khi vit phn I l cc bn hiu v p dng c thnh tho
cc nh lut trn. By gi chng ta cng i nghin cu v cc nh lut trn.
3
Khm ph t duy gii nhanh thn tc Ha Hc Nguyn Anh Phong
A. NH LUT BO TON NGUYN T (BTNT)

Bn cht ca nh lut BTNT l 1 hay nhiu nguyn t chy t cht ny qua
cht khc v s mol ca n khng i. iu quan trng nht khi p dng BTNT l
cc bn phi bit cui cng nguyn t chng ta cn quan tm n chui vo u
ri? N bin thnh nhng cht no ri?Cc bn ht sc ch : S l rt nguy him
nu cc bn qun hoc thiu cht no cha nguyn t ta cn xt.Sau y l mt s
con ng di chuyn quan trng ca cc nguyn t hay gp trong qu trnh gii
ton.
(1) Kim loi mui Hidroxit oxit.
Fe2 +
n
3+ Fe(OH)2 t 0 FeO
V d : Fe
axit
Fe
Kiem

.v
Cl , NO ,SO2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2 O3
3 4
om
Thng dng BTNT.Fe
NO3

NO2
NO
.c
(2) HNO
Chat khu
Thng dng BTNT.N
ok
3
N 2O
N
2
bo
NH 4 NO3
SO24
et

SO
(3) H SO
Chat khu
2 Thng dng BTNT.S
vi
2 4
S
H S
2
ng
H O
H 2 SO 4
BTNT.H
2
H 2 Thng dng BTNT.H hoc BTNT.O
a
(4)

H O
kh

HCl
BTNT.H
2
H 2
BTNT.C CaCO3
CO2
Ca(HCO3 )2

BTNT.H
H 2O

(5) C H O N
x y z t BTNT.N
N2

CO
BTNT.O
2
H 2 O
4
SO24 BaSO 4

(6) FeS;S;CuS, FeS 2 ... Fe ( OH ) Fe2 O3 Thng dng BTNT.S,Fe,Cu
3
CuO
Cu ( OH )2
Chng ta cng nhau nghin cu cc v d c th lm r vn trn nh!
Cu 1 : Cho hn hp 0,15 mol CuFeS 2 v 0,09 mol Cu 2 FeS 2 tc dng vi dung
dch HNO 3 d thu c dung dch X va h n hp kh Y gm NO v NO 2 . Thm
BaCl 2 d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt tua . Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH) 2
d vao dung d ch X, ly kt tua nung trong khng kh t i khi lng khng i
c x gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v x l :
n
A. 111,84 v 157,44 B. 112,84 v 157,44
.v
C. 111,84 v 167,44 D. 112,84 v 167,44
Bi ton kh n gin ta ch cn s dng BTNT thun ty l xong.
om
Cu : 0,33 (mol)
0,15 : CuFeS 2
Ta c :
BTNT
Fe : 0,24 (mol)
0, 09 : Cu 2 FeS 2 S : 0, 48 (mol)
.c

BaSO 4 : 0, 48 =
m 0, 48.233
= 111,84 (gam)
ok

BaSO 4 : 0, 48

BTNT
Chn A
x Fe2 O3 : 0,12 x = 157, 44 (gam)
BTKL
bo
CuO : 0,33

Cu 2 : Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic mch h, no, n
et
chc bng dung dch NaOH, c cn c 5,2 g mui khan. Nu t chy 3,88 g X
th cn th tch O 2 (ktc) l :
vi
A. 3,36 B. 2,24 C. 5,6 D. 6,72

ng
5, 2 3,88
Ta c : n X = nRCOONa = =
0,06 nOTrong X =
0,12 (mol)
22
a
C : a (mol )

kh
X H : 2a (mol ) BTKL
14a + 0,12.16 = 3,88 (gam)
O : 0,12(mol )

nCO : 0,14
= a 0,14 (mol )
BTNT
2
nH 2O : 0,14
BTNT .O 0,14.3 0,12
= nOPhan ung = 0,15(= mol) V = 0,15.2,24 3,36(lt )
2 2
Cu 3: Ha tan ht 14,6 gam hn hp gm Zn v ZnO c t l mol 1:1 trong 250
gam dung dch HNO 3 12,6% thu c dung dch X v 0,336 lit kh Y (ktc). Cho
5
t t 740 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch X thu c 5,94 gam kt ta.Nng
% ca mui trong X l :
A. 14,32 B. 14,62 C. 13,42 D. 16,42
Ta c:
n : 0,1(mol) n e =
0,2(mol)
14,6 Zn n=
Y 0, 015(mol) n NH4 NO
= a(mol)
n ZnO : 0,1(mol)
3
C NH 4 NO 3 v nu Y l N 2 n=
Max
e 0,15 < 0,2
Sau khi cho KOH vo th K n chy i u?Vic tr li cu hi ny s gip ta
tit kim rt nhiu thi gian v khng cn quan tm HNO 3 tha thiu th no.
n
n KNO3 : 0,74 0,14.2 = 0, 46(mol)
0,74molKOH + X
BTNT.K

.v
n K2 ZnO2 : 0,2 0, 06 =
0,14(mol)
om
n=
HNO3 0,5
BTNT.N
n Trong
N = 0,5 0,
Y v NH3
= 46 0, 04 (mol)
n NH NO : 0, 01
4 3 (
% Zn ( NO3 )2 + NH 4 NO3 )
n N 2 O : 0, 015
.c
0,2.189 + 0, 01.80
ok
= .100 14,62% Chn B
250 + 14,6 0, 015.44
Cu 4:Hn hp X gm FeS, FeS 2 , CuS tan va ht trong dung dch cha 0,33 mol
bo
H 2 SO 4 c sinh ra 0,325 mol kh SO 2 v dung dch Y. Nhng thanh Fe nng 50

gam vo Y, phn ng xong thy thanh Fe nng 49,48 gam v thu c dung dch
Z. Cho Z phn ng vi HNO 3 c, d sinh ra kh NO 2 duy nht v cn li dung
et
dch E (khng cha NH 4 +). Khi lng mui dng khan c trong E l m gam. Gi
vi
tr ln nht ca m l:
A. 20,57 B. 18,19 C. 21,33 D. 21,41.
ng
Bi ton ny l mt bi ton BTNT kh hay. Ci hay ca bi ton ch:

(1). Cc bn kh suy ra nn p dng bo ton nguyn t no.
a
(2). bi s liu v thanh Fe gy nhiu.

(3). V mt kin thc do HNO 3 c d nn mui cui cng c th l mui nitrat.
kh
gii nhanh bi tp ny ta a ra cc cu hi t ra l:
H trong H 2 SO 4 chy i u ri? N chy vo H 2 O.
O trong H 2 SO 4 chy i u ri ? N chy vo mui SO 24 , SO 2 v H 2 O.
Ta c:
=
BTNT.Hidro
n H2O 0,33 (mol)
BTNT.O
n Otrong muoi
= 0,33.4 0,325.2 0,33= 0,34 (mol)
0,34 BTNT.S
n SO
trong muo i
= = 0,085(mol) Z : FeSO 4 : 0,085 (mol)
4
2
4
6
=
BTNT.Fe
n Fe( NO3 ) 0, 085 =
(mol) m =
0, 085.242 20,57 (g)
3
Ch :V HNO 3 c nng d nn khi lng mui ln nht l mui Fe(NO 3 ) 3

Chn A
Cu 5: Cho 158,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe ( NO3 )2 , Fe ( NO3 )3 v mt bnh kn
khng cha khng kh ri nung bnh nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton,
khi lng cht rn gim 55,2 gam so vi ban u. Cho cht rn ny tc dng vi
HNO 3 thu c V(lt) kh NO v dung dch Y. Cho NaOH d vo Y c kt ta
Z.Nung Z ngoi khng kh ti khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn.Gi tr
ca m l :
n
A. 196. B. 120. C. 128. D. 115,2.
V phn ng hon ton v cht rn tc dng vi HNO 3 c kh NO 55,2 gam l
.v
NO 2 .
om
55,2
Ta c := n NO2 = 1,2 (mol) BTNT.N
n NO2
46
= n= Trong X
NO
1,2 (mol)
BTKL
m=
Trong X
Fe 158, 4 1,2.62
.c = 84 (gam)
3
Sau cc phn ng Fe s chuyn thnh Fe 2 O 3 :

ok
84

BTNT.Fe
=
n Fe = 1,5(mol) n Fe
= 2 O3
0, 75(mol)
= = 120(gam)
m 0, 75.160
56
Cu 6: Mt hn hp X gm HO [ CH 2 ]2 OH ; CH 3 OH; CH 2 =CH CH 2 OH;
bo
C 2 H 5 OH; C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 . Cho 25,4 gam hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,6

lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, em t chy hon ton 25,4 gam hn hp X thu c a
et
mol CO 2 v 27 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca a l :
vi
A. 1,25 B. 1 C. 1,4 D. 1,2

Cc bn hy tr li cu hi sau :
ng
H trong nhm OH ca X i u ? N bin thnh H 2 .

Khi lng X gm nhng g? Tt nhin l m X = m ( C, H,O )
a
Ta c :
kh
=n H2 0,25(mol)
BTNT.H
= n OH
Trong X
0,5(mol)
BTNT.O
= n OTrong X 0,5(mol)
=
n H2 O 1,5(mol)
BTNT.H
n=
Trong X
H =
1,5.2 39(mol)
BTKL + BTNT.C
25,4 a 1,2 (mol) Chn D
= 12a + 3.1 + 0,5.16 =
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc
dng vi NaHCO 3 d th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy
hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO 2 v y mol
H 2 O. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 0,8. B. 0,3. C. 0,6. D. 0,2.
7
=
thy : H + + HCO3 CO2 + H 2 O .Do ta c n CO 2
n=
H+
0,7 (mol)
H + sinh ra t u? T nhm COOH trong X.

BTNT.H
=
n H+ n=
Trong X
COOH 0,7(mol)
BTNT.O
n=
Trong X
O =
0,7.2 1, 4 (mol)
n OTrong X =
+ n OTrong O2 n OTrong CO2 + n OTrong H2 O
BTNT.O
ThayS y= 0,6 (mol)

1,4 + 0,4.2 = 0,8.2 + y
Cu 8: Cao su buna-N c to ra do phn ng ng trng hp gia buta-1,3-ien
vi acrilonitrin. t chy hon ton mt lng cao su buna-N vi khng kh va
(cha 80% N 2 v 20% O 2 v th tch), sau a hn hp sau phn ng v
136,5oC thu c hn hp kh v hi Y (cha 14,41% CO 2 v th tch). T l s mt
n
xch gia buta-1,3-ien v acrilonitrin l
.v
A. 1:2. B. 2:3. C. 3:2. D. 2:1.
om
Ta c :

BTNT cacbon
CO2 : 4a + 3b(mol )

BTNT hidro
H 2 O : 3a + 1,5b(mol )
.c
C4 H 6 : a (mol )

BTNT
BTNT oxi n pu 4a 3b 3a + 1,5b 5,5a 3, 75b(mol )
O= + + = +
3 3
C H N : b ( mol )
ok
2
2
b

BTNT Nito
nN 2= + 4nOpu= 22a + 15,5b(mol )
2 2
bo
4a + 3b a 2
=
0,1441 =
nCO2 + nH 2O + nN 2 b 3
et
Cu 9: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH 3 COOH,C x H y COOH,v

(COOH) 2 thu c 14,4 gam H 2 O v m gam CO 2 . Mt khc, 29,6 gam hn hp X
vi
phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO 3 d thu c 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO 2 . Tnh m:

ng
A. 48,4 gam B. 33 gam C. 44g D. 52,8 g

thy : H + + HCO3 CO2 + H 2 O .Do ta c n CO
= 2
n=
H+
0,5 (mol).
a
H + sinh ra t u? T nhm COOH trong X.

kh

BTNT.H
=
n H+ n=
Trong X
COOH 0,5(mol)
BTNT.O
n=
Trong X
O =
0,5.2 1(mol)

BTKL
29,6 = m ( C,H,O )
14,4 11,2
mC = 29,6 .2 .2.16 = 12( gam) mCO = 44( gam) cho n C
18 22,4 2
Cu 10: Cho vo 1 bnh kn mt t cht xc tc bt Fe sau bm vo bnh 1 mol

H 2 v 4 mol N 2 .Sau nung bnh xy ra phn ng (bit hiu sut phn ng l
30%).Sau phn ng cho ton b hn hp kh qua ng ng CuO d thy ng gim
m (gam).Tnh m?
A.8 (gam) B. 16 (gam) C. 24 (gam) D. 32 (gam)
8
Bi ton trn c nhiu bn khng s b by khi c i tnh ton cho qu

trnh tng hp NH 3 . iu ny l khng cn thit v cui cng H 2 s bin thnh
H 2 O. Khi lng ng ng CuO gim chnh l khi lng O c trong H 2 O.
Ta c ngay:=
n H2 1(mol)
BTNT.H 2
=
n H2 O 1(mol)
m=

m=
O = 16(gam) Chn B
1.16
Cu 11: Cho 24 gam Mg tc dng va vi dung dch cha a mol HNO 3 .Sau
phn ng thu c hn hp kh X gm cc kh N 2 ; N 2 O c s mol bng nhau v
bng 0,1mol. Tm gi tr a.
A.2,8 B. 1,6 C. 2,54 D. 2,45
n

BTNT.Mg
n Mg(NO3 )2 = 1(mol)
Ta c ngay : n Mg = 1(mol) BTE
.v
n e = 2(mol)
om
N 2 : 0,1 2 0,1.10 0,1.8
=
BTE
n NH4 NO3 = 0, 025(mol)
N 2 O : 0,1 8
BTNT.N
n HNO =
3
N(Mg(NO ) ; NH NO ; N O; N
3 2 4
.c
3 2 2
)
n HNO =
1.2 + 0,025.2 + 0,1.2 + 0,1.2 =2,45 (mol) Cho n D
ok
3
Cu 12:Nung 32,4 gam cht rn X gm FeCO 3 ,FeS,FeS 2 c t l s mol l 1:1:1

trong hn hp kh Y gm O 2 v O 3 c t l s mol l 1:1.Bit cc phn ng xy ra
bo
hon ton.S mol Y tham gia phn ng l :

A.0,38 B.0,48 C.0,24 D.0,26
et
FeCO3 : 0,1(mol) Fe2 O3 : 0,15(mol)

BTNT
X FeS : 0,1(mol) SO2 : 0,3(mol)
vi
Ta c:
FeS2 : 0,1(mol) CO2 : 0,1(mol)
ng
n Ophan ng = 0,1.2 + 0,3.2 + 0,15.3 0,1.3 = 0,95(mol)

O : a BTNT.O
a
Y : 2 = 5a 0,95 = a 0,19(mol) = nY = 2a 0,38(mol)

O 3 : a
kh
Cu 13: Hn hp kh X gm O 2 v O 3 c t l s mol l 1:1. Hn hp kh Y gm

CH 4 v C 2 H 2 t l mol 1:1. t chy hon ton 2 mol Y th cn bao nhiu lt X
(ktc):
A. 80,64 B. 71,68 C. 62,72 D. 87,36
CH :1(mol) Chay CO2 : 3(mol) BTNT.O
Ta co: Y 4
n Ophan ng = 9(mol)

C2 H 2 :1(mol) H 2 O : 3(mol)
O : a(mol) BTNT.O
X 2 5a
= 9 =
a 1,8(mol)
O3 : a(mol)
9

= =
VX 1,8.2.22, 4 80,64 (lt) Chn A
Cu 14: Cho 108,8 gam hn hp X gm Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 ,FeO tc dng vi HCl
va . Thu c 50,8 gam mui FeCl 2 v m gam mui FeCl 3 .Gi tr ca m l:
A.146,25 B.162,5 C.130 C.195
FeCl 2 : 0, 4(mol)
Fe : a(mol)
BTNT.Fe
Ta c: 108,8 FeCl3 : a 0, 4(mol)

O : b(mol) n H= b n Cl =
BTNT.O
2O
2b(mol)
0,4.2 + 3(a 0,4) = 2b

BTNT.Clo
BTKL
56a + 16b = 108,8
n
.v
a = 1, 4(mol)
m FeCl3 = 1.162,5 = 162,5(gam)
b = 1,9(mol)
om
BI TP LUYN TP S 1
Cu 1: t chy hon ton hn hp A cha 1 mol FeS , 1 mol FeS 2 , 1 mol S cn
va V lt kh O 2 (ktc).Tnh gi tr ca V?
A.116,48 B. 123,2 C. 145,6
.c D. 100,8
ok
Cu 2: Cho 1 mol Fe tc dng hon ton vi O 2 (d).Khi lng cht rn thu c
l bao nhiu?
bo

Cu 3: Cho 32 gam Cu tc dng vi lng d axit HNO 3 .Khi lng mui thu
c ?
et

Cu 4: t chy 8,4 gam C thu c hn hp kh X gm (CO v CO 2 ) c t l s
vi
mol 1:4.Tnh khi lng hn hp X.

ng
A.27,2 (gam) B. 28,56 (gam) C. 29,4 (gam) D. 18,04 (gam)

Cu 5: Nung hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO 3 , b mol FeS 2 v c mol FeS trong bnh
kn cha khng kh d. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit
a
ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht Fe 2 O 3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut hn

kh
hp trc v sau khi phn ng bng nhau. Mi lin h gia a , b , c l :

A. a = b + c B. a = 2b + c C. a = b c D. a = 2b c .
Cu 6: luyn c 800 tn gang c hm lng st 95% , cn dng x tn qung
manhetit cha 80% Fe 3 O 4 (cn li l tp cht khng cha st). Bit rng lng st
b hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 2%. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1325,16. B. 959,59. C. 1338,68. D. 1311,90.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton m gam photpho ngoi khng kh thu c cht rn A.
Ha tan A vo nc thu c dung dch B. Trung ha dung dch B bng dung dch
NaOH to mui trung ha, thu c dung dch D. Cho thm dung dch AgNO 3
vo dung dch D n d thy to thnh 41,9 gam kt ta mu vng. Gi tr ca m l:
10
A. 3,1 gam B. 6,2 gam C. 0,62 gam D. 31 gam

Cu 8: Nung hn hp gm 11,2 gam Fe; 6,4 gam Cu v 26 gam Zn vi mt lng
d lu hunh n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sn phm ca phn ng tc dng
vi dung dch HCl d thu c kh X. Tnh th tch dung dch CuSO 4 10% (d =
1,1g/ml) ti thiu cn dng hp th ht kh X.
A. 525,25 ml. B. 750,25 ml.
C. 1018,18 ml. D. 872,73 ml.
Cu 9: T qung photphorit, c th iu ch axit photphoric theo s sau:
o
SiO2, C O2, t H2O
Qung photphorit l in
P P2O5 H3PO4
Bit hiu sut chung ca qu trnh l 90%. iu ch c 1 tn dung dch
n
H 3 PO 4 49%, cn khi lng qung photphorit cha 73% Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 l
.v
A. 1,18 tn. B. 1,32 tn. C. 1,81 tn. D. 1,23 tn.
Cu 10: sn xut 10 tn thp cha 98 %Fe cn dng m tn gang cha 93,4%
om
Fe. Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh chuyn ha gang thnh thp l 80%. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 10,492 tn. B. 13,115 tn.
.c
C. 8,394 tn. D. 12,176 tn.
ok
Cu 11: Ha tan hn hp X gm 11,2 gam Fe v 2,4 gam Mg bng dung dch
H 2 SO 4 ,long,(d),thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y thu c
kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th c m gam cht
bo
rn. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr m l:

A.18 B.20 C. 36 D. 24.
et
Cu 12: Ho tan hn hp X gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe 2 O 3 vo dung dch HCl

d c dung dch D. Cho dung dch D tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta.
vi
Lc kt ta, ra sch em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu

c m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l:
ng
A. 16,0. B. 30,4. C. 32,0. D. 48,0.

Cu 13: Hn hp X gm a mol Fe , b mol FeCO 3 va c mol FeS 2 . Cho X vao binh
a
dung tich khng i cha khng khi (d), nung n cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan
kh
sau o a v nhit u thy ap sut trong binh bng ap sut tr c khi nung .
Quan h cua a, b, c la:
A. a = b+c B. 4a + 4c = 3b C. b = c + a D. a+c=2b
Cu 14: Cho 16,9 gam hn hp Na v Al ha tan ht vo nc d thu c dung
dch X. Cho X phn ng ht vi 0,8 mol HCl thu c 7,8 gam kt ta v dung
dch Y.Sc CO 2 vo Y khng thy c kt ta xut hin. Tnh khi lng Al trong
hn hp ban u.
A.3,95 gam B.2,7 gam C.12,4 gam D.5,4 gam
Cu 15: Thi hn hp kh CO v H 2 i qua a gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe 3 O 4 c
t l mol 1:2 , sau phn ng thu c b gam cht rn A. Ha tan hon ton b gam A
11
bng dung dch HNO 3 long d , thu c dung dch X ( khng cha ion Fe2+ ).
C cn dung dch X thu c 41 gam mui khan. a gam nhn gi tr no ?
A.9,8 B.10,6 C.12,8 D.13,6
Cu 16: Nung 23,2 gam hn hp X ( FeCO 3 v Fe x O y ) ti phn ng hon ton
thu c kh A v 22,4 gam Fe 2 O 3 duy nht. Cho kh A hp th hon ton vo
dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 7,88 gam kt ta. Mt khc , ha tan ht 23,2
gam X cn va V ml dung dch HCl 2M. CT Fe x O y v gi tr ca V l :
A.FeO v 200 B.Fe 3 O 4 v 250 C.FeO v 250 D.Fe 3 O 4 v 360
Cu 17: Cho lung kh CO i qua mt lng qung hematit T ( cha Fe 2 O 3 ) th
thu c 300,8 gam hn hp cc cht rn X v thot ra hn hp kh Y. Cho hp th
ton b kh Y bng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng bnh NaOH tng thm
n
52,8 gam. em cht rn X ha tan trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c 387,2 gam
.v
mui. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Fe 2 O 3 trong qung l :
om
A.80% B.60% C.50% D.40%
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm anehit Y, axit cacboxylic Z v este T (Z v T l ng
phn). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X cn 0,625 mol O 2 , thu c 0,525 mol CO 2
v 0,525 mol nc. Cho mt lng Y bng lng Y c trong 0,2 mol X tc dng
.c
vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng, sau phn ng c m
ok
gam Ag (hiu sut phn ng 100%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 64,8g B. 16,2g C. 32,4. D. 21,6g
Cu 19: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm propanial, fomanehit, metyl
bo
fomat cn dng va 4,48 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 2,7 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 6,2. B. 4,3. C. 2,7. D. 5,1.
et
Cu 20: Axit cacboxylic X hai chc (c phn trm khi lng ca oxi nh hn
70%), Y v Z l hai ancol ng ng k tip (M Y < M z ). t chy hon ton 0,2
vi
mol hn hp X, Y, Z cn va 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2

(ktc) v 8,1 gam H 2 O. % khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l:
ng
A. 12,6%. B. 29,9%. C. 29,6%. D. 15,9%.

a
P N V GII CHI TIT

kh
Cu 1:Chn p n B
Ta c ngay :
Chia e tr Fe : 2(mol) BTNT(Fe + S) Fe2 O3 :1(mol) BTNT.O
A n Ophan ng
S : 4(mol) SO
2 : 4(mol) 2
1.3 + 4.2
= = 5,5 (mol) = = 123,2 (lt).
V 22, 4.5,5
2
Cu 2: Chn p n A
Cu hi t ra : Fe i vo cht no ? N i vo Fe 2 O 3
12
1
Ta c ngay : n Fe= 1
BTNT.Fe
n Fe2 O3= = 0,5 m= 0,5.160= 80 (gam)
2
Cu 3: Chn p n C
Cu hi t ra : Cu i vo cht no ? N i vo Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .
Ta c ngay :
=n Cu 0,5(mol)
BTNT.Cu
= =
n Cu( NO3 )2 0,59mol) m 0,5. ( 64=
+ 62.2 ) 94 (gam)
Cu 4: Chn p n B
Sau phn ng th C i vo hai cht l CO v CO 2 .
CO : a(mol)
Ta c ngay=
: n C 0,7
BTNT.C
a=
+ 4a 0,7 =
a 0,14(mol)
n
CO
2 : 4a(mol)
.v

BTNT.O
n=
O = 0,14.9
9a = 1,26(mol)
BTKL
m=
X m(C,O)
=+
8, 4 1,26.16 =
om
28,56 (gam)
Cu 5: Chn p n A
Ta dng k chia tr
Fe : a + b + c

.c
Fe2 O3 :
a+b+c
S : 2b + c 2
ok

Ta c ngay :
O2 ,nung,DLBTN
SO2 : 2b + c
C : a CO : a
O : 3a 2
bo

a+b+c
3. + 2 ( 2b + c ) + 2a 3a
et
BTNT.O 2 a + 11b + 7c
n
pha n ng
O2
=
2 4
vi
a + 11b + 7c
P = co ns t n Ophan ng = n CO + n SO = 2b + c + a
ng
2 2 2
4
a + 11b + 7c
= 2b + c + a a = b + c
4
a
Cu 6: Chn p n C
kh
tng gii bi ton : Dng BNTN Fe

800.0,95 n 800.0,95 1
n Fe = m Fe3O4 = Fe .232= . .232
56 3 56 3
800.0,95 1 1 1
= m quang = . .232. . 1338,68 (gam)
56 3 0,8 0,98
Cu 7: Chn p n A
=
n Ag 3 PO 4
0,1(mol)
BTNT.P

= n P 0,1 =
m 3,1 (gam)
Cu 8: Chn p n D
Ch : CuS khng tc dng vi HCl.
13
11,2 26
Ta c:
BTNT
n H=
2S
n Fe + n=
Zn + = 0,6
BTNT.Cu
n CuSO= 0,6 (mol)
56 65 4
0,6.(64 + 96)
VCuSO4
= = 872,73
0,1.1,1
Cu 9: Chn p n A
T duy: Dng BTNT P.
1
= nP = .0, 49 0, 005(mol)
98
1 1
n Ca3 (PO4 )2 = 0,
= 0025(mol) m 0, 0025.310.
= . 1,18(gam)
0,73 0,9
n
Cu 10: Chn p n B
.v
tng: Dng BTNT Fe:
om
10 10 1 1
n Fe= .0,98 m Gang= .0,98.56. . = 13,115 (gam)
56 56 0,934 0,8
Cu 11: Chn p n B .c
= n Fe 0,2(mol)
BTNT.Fe
Fe2 O3 : 0,1(mol)
m = 16 + 4 = 20(gam)
ok
= n Mg 0,1(mol)
BTNT.Mg
MgO : 0,1(mol)
Cu 12: Chn p n C
bo
V sau cng ton b lng Fe chuyn vo Fe 2 O 3 nn ta c ngay:

Fe : 0, 4(mol) BTNT.Fe
X = n Fe2 O3 0,2(mol)
= m =
0,2.160 32(gam)
et
O : 0,3(mol)
vi
Cu 13: Chn p n C
Cch 1 : Nhn xt nhanh nh sau:
ng
rng 1 mol S tc dng vi 1 mol oxi sinh ra 1 mol SO 2 nn s mol kh

khng i
a
Xem hn hp u c a+c mol Fe , b mol FeCO 3 . Mt mol Fe ra Fe 2 O 3 kh gim

kh
3/4 mol. Mt mol FeCO 3 kh tng 3/4 mol .Vy b= a + c

Cch 2: S dng BTNT:
a+b+c
Fe : a + b + c(mol) Fe2 O3 : (mol)
S : 2c(mol)
2

Ta c ngay :
BTNT
SO2 : 2c(mol)
C : b(mol) CO : b(mol)
O : 3b(mol) 2

14
BTNT.O
n Ophan=
ng
0,75(a + b + c) + 2c + b 1,5b = 0,75a + 0,25b + 2,75c
2
p= const 0,75a + 0,25b + 2,75c = 2c + b 0,75a + 0,75c = 0,75b

b =a + c
Cu 14: Chn p n D
Vi bi ton ny ta c th t duy bng cch BTNT.Clo nh sau.Sau khi phn
ng th Clo trong HCl s bin vo NaCl v AlCl 3 .Do ta c:
Na : a(mol) NaCl : a 23a= + 27b 16,9 =a 0,5(mol)
16,9
Al : b(mol) AlCl3 : b 0,1 a + 3.(b 0,1)
= 0,8 =
b 0,2(mol)
m Al= 0,2.27= 5,4
n
Cu 15: Chn p n D
.v
Ta c :
CuO : x(mol) Cu(NO3 )2 : x(mol)
om
BTNT (Cu + Fe)
a
Fe3 O 4 : 2x(mol) Fe(NO3 )3 : 6x(mol)

BTKL
188x + 64.242 = 41 x =0,025 (mol)

=BTKL
a 80.0,025 + =232.0,05 13,6 (gam)
.c
Cu 16: Chn p n D
ok
Cho kh A (CO 2 ) hp th vo Ba(OH) 2 :

BTNT.C

= n CO2 =
n FeCO3 =
n BaCO3 0,04 (mol)
bo
Ta=
c: n Fe2 O3 0,14(mol) =
BTNT.Fe
n Fe 0,28 (mol)
et
trong Fex O y

BTNT.Fe
n Fe = 0,28 0,04 = 0,24 (mol)

BTKL
m= 23,2 0, 04.116
= 18,56 (gam)
vi
Fex O y
18,56 0,24.56
ng
n Otrong oxit
= = 0,32 (mol)
16
x 0,24 3
Vi Fe x O y ta c : = = Fe3 O 4 n FeO.Fe2 O3 =
a
0, 08 (mol)
y 0,32 4
kh
Fe2 + : 0, 04 + 0, 08 =
0,12(mol) BTDT
X + HCl 3+ n Cl = n HCl
Fe : 0, 08.2 = 0,16 (mol)
720
= 0,12.2 + 0,16.3 = 0,72 (mol) V= = 360 (ml)
2
Cu 17: Chn p n D
Ta d thy khi lng bnh NaOH tng l khi lng CO 2 :
52,8

BTNT.O
=
m tan g =
m CO2 52,8(gam) =
n Obi khu =
n CO2 = 1,2(mol)
44
15

BTKL
=
m T 300,8 + 1,2.16
= 320 (gam)
387,2
X + HNO3 BTNT.Fe
=
n Fe n= Fe(NO3 )3 = 1,6 mol)
242
0,8.160

BTNT.Fe
n Fe2 O3 = 0,8 (mol) %Fe2 O3 = = 40%
320
Cu 18: Chn p n B
Ta c:
n CO : 0,525
= m X 0,525.44 + 0,525.18 =
BTKL
0,625.32 12,55(gam)
2
n H2 O : 0,525 BTNT.oxi
= n Otrong X 0,525.3 =0,625.2 0,325 (mol)
n
n
O2 : 0,625
.v
nCO2 = nH 2 O C H O : a = a + b 0,2= a 0, 075 (mol)
n 2n
C m H 2m O2 : b =a + 2b 0,325
= b 0,125 (mol)
om
0,075.CH 3CHO + 0,125.C 3 H 6 O2 = 12,55 n Ag = 0,075.2= 0,15 (mol)
m Ag =
16,2 (gam) .c
Cu 19: Chn p n D
ok
C3 H 4 O2 C3 (H 2 O)2
BTNT C vo n ho m H 2 O
X CH 2 O C(H 2 O) n CO
= n= O2
0,2 (mol)
2
C H O C (H O)
bo
2 4 2 2 2 2
m= 2,7 + 0,2.12 = 5,1g

et
lm nhanh ta hiu nc c tch ra t X cn O 2 phn ng i vo CO 2

Cu 20: Chn p n B
vi
4.16
Ta c ngay X : R ( COOH )2 < 0,7 R > 1,4
R + 90
ng
n O = 0, 4(mol)
2
= n CO2 0,35(mol)
BTNT.oxi
=
n Otrong X,Y,Z 0,35(mol) BTKL
m X,Y,Z
a

n H2 O = 0, 45(mol)
kh
= = m(C, H,O) 10,7 (gam)

D dng suy ra ancol n chc:
axit : a (mol) a + b =0,2 a = 0, 05 (mol)
BTNT.oxi
ancol : b (mol) 4a + b = 0,35 b = 0,15 (mol)
Nu X l HOOC CH 2 COOH
10,7 0,05.104 CH 3OH : 0,1 0,1.32
ROH
= =
R 19,67 %
=
0,15 C 2 H 5OH : 0,05 10,7
16
BI LUYN TP S 2
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic . Cho m
gam X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO 3 thu c 0,672 lt CO 2 (ktc). t
chy hon ton m gam X cn 1,008 lt O 2 (ktc), thu c 2,42 gam CO 2 v a gam
H 2 O. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1,80. B. 0,72 C. 1,44. D. 1,62.
Cu 2:Cho hh X c th tch V 1 gm O 2 ,O 3 c t khi so vi H 2 =22.Cho hh Y c
tch V 2 gm metylamin va etylamin c t khi so vi H 2 =17.8333. t hon ton
V 2 hn hp Y cn V 1 hn hp X. tnh t l V 1 :V 2 ?
A.1 B.2 C.2,5 D.3
n
Cu 3: t chay hon toan a gam hn hp gm metanol va butan -2-ol c 30,8
gam CO 2 va 18 gam H 2 O. Gia tri a la
.v
A. 30,4 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 15,2 gam. D. 7,6 gam.
om
Cu 4: t chay hoan toan 0,4 mol hn hp X gm ancol metylic , ancol etylic va
ancol isopropylic ri hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong d c
80 gam kt tua. Th tich oxi (ktc) ti thiu cn dung la
A. 26,88 lit. B. 23,52 lit. .c
C. 21,28 lit. D. 16,8 lit.
Cu 5.t chy 30,6 gam hn hp X gm andehit axetic;vinyl axetat,axit
ok
isobutyric thu c 31,36 lt CO 2 (ktc).S mol vinyl axetat trong hn hp l:
A.0,1 B.0,2 C.0.3 D.0.15
Cu 6: t chy hon ton 4,16 gam hn hp X gm RCOOH v RCOOC 2 H 5 thu
bo
c 4,256 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,52 gam H 2 O. Mt khc 2,08 gam hn hp X phn

ng vi lng va dung dch NaOH , thu c 0,46 gam ancol v m gam mui.
et
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,35 gam B. 2,484 gam C. 2,62 gam D. 2,42 gam
vi
Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm mt s ancol thuc cng

dy ng ng cn dng 10,08 lit kh O 2 (ktc) thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v
ng
9,90 gam H 2 O. Nu un nng 10,44g hn hp X nh trn vi H 2 SO 4 c nhit

thch hp chuyn ht thnh ete th tng khi lng ete thu c l:
a

Cu 8: Hn hp A gm mt axit n chc,mt ancol n chc v 1 este n chc
kh
(Cc cht trong A u c nhiu hn 1C trong phn t).t chy hon ton m gam
A ri hp th sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy c 135
gam kt ta xut hin.ng thi khi lng dung dch gim 58,5 gam.Bit s mol
ancol trong m gam A l 0,15.Cho Na d vo m gam A thy c 2,8 lt kh (ktc)
thot ra.Mt khc m gam A tc dng va dung dch cha 12 gam NaOH. Cho m
gam A vo dung dch nc Brom d.Hi s mol Brom phn ng ti a l :
A. 0,4 B. 0,6 C. 0,75 D. 0,7
Cu 9: Cho 0,1 mol CH 3 COOH vo cc cha 30ml dung dch ROH 20% (d = 1,2
g/ml), R l mt kim loi thuc nhm IA. C cn dung dch sau phn ng ri t
17
chy hon ton cht rn khan cn li. Sau khi t chy th cn 9,54 gam cht rn
v m gam hn hp kh CO 2 , hi nc bay ra. Xc nh gi tr ca m.
A. 9,3 B. 8,26 C. 10,02 D. 7,54
Cu 10: Oxi ha 2m gam ancol no, n chc, bc 1 bng oxi khng kh trong iu
kin thch hp th thu c 3m gam hn hp X gm anehit, axit v nc. Xc
nh cng thc ca ancol trn.
A. CH 3 OH hoc C 2 H 5 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH
C. C 2 H 5 OH hoc C 3 H 7 OH D. CH 3 OH
Bi 11: trung ha m gam hn hp X gm hai axit no n chc mch h k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,3M. Mt khc em t
chy m gam hn hp X ri cho sn phm chy ln lt i qua bnh 1 ng P 2 O 5
n
bnh 2 ng KOH d thy khi lng bnh 1 tng a gam bnh 2 tng (a + 3,64)
.v
gam.Thnh phn % khi lng axit c s nguyn t cacbon nh trong hn hp X
l:
om
A.30,14% B.33,33% C.69,68% D.66,67%
Bi 12: Hn hp X gm mt anehit no n chc mch h v mt anehit khng
no n chc mch h ( trong phn t cha mt lin kt i C=C). Khi cho X qua
.c
dung dch brom d n phn ng hon ton thy c 24 gam Br 2 phn ng. t
chy hon ton X th thu c 7,7 gam CO 2 v 2,25 gam H 2 O. Nu cho hn hp X
ok
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d trong NH 3 n phn ng hon ton thu c m
gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
bo
A. 16,2 B. 27 C. 32,4 D. 21,6

Cu 13: Chia 1 amin bc 1,n chc A thnh 2 phn u nhau.
Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong nc ri thm dung dch FeCl 3 (d).Kt ta
et
sinh ra lc ri em nung ti khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn.

Phn 2: Tc dng vi HCl d sinh ra 4,05 gam mui .CTPT ca A l:
vi
A. CH 3 NH 2 B. C 2 H 5 NH 2 C. C 3 H 7 NH 2 D. C 4 H 9 NH 2
Cu 14: Khi t chay hoan toan mt amin n chc X , thu c 16,8 lit CO 2 , 2,8
ng
lit N 2 ( cac th tich khi o ktc) va 20,25 gam H 2 O.CTPT cua X la:
A. C 4 H 9 N B. C 3 H 7 N C. C 2 H 7 N D. C 3 H 9 N
a
Cu 15: Cho 1.22g hn hp X gm 2 amin bc 1 (c t l s mol l 1:2) tc dng

va vi 400ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c dung dch Y. Mt khc khi t
kh
chy hon ton 0.09mol hn hp X thu c mg kh CO 2 ; 1,344 lit (ktc) kh N 2

v hi nc. Gi tr ca m l:
A.3,42g B.5,28g C.2,64g D.3,94g
P N V GII CHI TIT

Cu 1: Chn p n B
Ta c :
=
n CO2 0,03(mol)
= n Trong
COOH
X
0,03 ( mol )
BTNT.O

= n Trong
O
X
0,06 ( mol )
18
=
n CO2 0,055
BTNT.C
n=
Trong m
C 0,055(mol)
m(C,
a

=
BTKL
m = H,O) 0,055.12 + .2 + 0,06.16
18
Cch 1: Dng BTKL ta c
a

BTKL
1,62 + + 0,045.32
= 2, 42 + a =
a 0,72
9
O 2
m
Cch 2: Dng BTNT.O ta c

a

BTKL
0,06
+ 0,045.2
=

+=
0,055.2

a 0,72(gam)
n
RCOOH O CO
18
2 2
.v
Cu 2: Chn p n B
V1 2V2 4V
om
O2 4 CH 3 NH 2 3 BTNT .( H + C )

CO2 2
3
C ngay v
3
O 1V C H NH 2 V 17
H O V2
3
4 2 5 2
3 .c 2 6
V 9V 8V2 17V2 V
Bo ton O c ngay 1 + 1 = + 1 = 2
ok
2 4 3 6 V2
Cu 3: Chn p n C
bo
Theo cc ch c ngay
=nC n=CO2 0,7

nH = 2nH 2O = 2 a = mX = mC + mH + mO = 15, 2 ( gam)
et

n= n= 0,3
vi
O X
Cu 4: Chn p n A
ng
=nC n=CO2 0,8(mol )

Theo cc ch c ngay n=
H 2O 1, 2(mol ) n=
pu
O 2, 4(mol )
=
O
X
=
a
n n X 0, 4( mol )
2,4
kh
VO2
= .22,4
= 26,88(lit)
2
Cu 5. Chn p n A
Theo cc ch c ngay
M X nY
cho : n=
X 1(mol ) m=
X 9,6 = = 0,6 n=
n=
pu
H2 0, 4(mol )
M Y nX
Cu 6: Chn p n A
Tnh ton vi s liu ca X l 2,08 gam.
nCO = 0,095(mol ) 1, 26 + 4,18 2,08
Ta c: 2 = nOpu = 0, 21(mol )
nH 2O = 0,07(mol ) 16
19
RCOOC2 H 5 : 0,01(mol )
nOX = 0,05(mol )
RCOOH : 0,015(mol )
2,08 + 0,025.40 = m + 0, 46 + 0,015.18 m = 2,35 g
Cu 7: Chn p n A
H 2 O = 0,55 mol > CO 2 = 0,3 mol:
Ta c:
X : C1,2 H 4,4 O nX = 0,3 nH 2O = 0,15(mol ) m = 10, 44 2,7 = 7,74( gam)
Cu 8: Chn p n C
ancol : 0,15
Ta c: Axit : 0,1 CO 2 :1,35 1,35 0,95 17
V = k 1 k =
n
Este : 0, 2 H 2O : 0,95 0, 45 9

.v
17
n= 0, 45. =
0,1 0,75 mol (k l s lin kt trong A)
9
om
Br2
axit
Ch : S mol Brom ln nht khi c este dng HCOOR
Cu 9: Chn p n B .c
D dng suy ra R l Na
n CH COONa = 0,1(mol) n CO2 = 0,11(mol)
ok
Ta c: 3 n Na 2CO= 0,09(mol)
n NaOH = 0,08(mol) n H2O = 0,19(mol)
3
m= 0,11.44 + 0,19.18 = 8,26 (g) Chn B

bo
Cu 10: Chn p n C
V ancol no, n chc, bc 1 v X gm anehit, axit v nc. Ta c:
et
1O 1RCHO 2m 2m
< RCH 2OH < 32 < RCH 2OH < 64
2O 1RCOOH m m
vi
16 2.16
Bi 11: Chn p n A
ng
n X = 0,03(mol) n C4 H8O2 = 0,01(mol)

Ta c: a 3,64 + a n= 0,14(mol)
a
= = a 2,52 n C5 H10 O2 = 0,02(mol)

CO 2
18 44
kh
Bi 12: Chn p n D
D thy n anehit k no B = 0,175 0,125 = 0,05 mol.
Nu X c HCHO (a mol) 2 a + 2.0,05 = 0,15 a = 0,025
C trong B = (0,175 0,025) : 0,05 = 3 (tha mn)
m Ag = (0,025.4 + 0,05.2 ).108 = 21,6 gam
Cu 13: Chn p n A
D thy 1,6 gam l Fe 2 O 3 :
=
n Fe2 O3 0, 01(mol)
=
BTNT.Fe
n Fe3+ 0, 02(mol)
20
=
n OH 0, 06(mol) n=
NH 2 0, 06(mol)
4,05
Khi : M A + 36,5 = = 67,5 M A = 31
0,6
Cu 14: Chn p n D

= n 0, 25(mol)
=
BTNT.N
n a min 0, 25(mol)
= N 1
N
0,75
Ta c: =
n CO2 0,75(mol) =
BTNT.C
C = 3
0, 25
2, 25
=
n H2O 1,125(mol)
BTNT.H
= n H 2, 25(mol)= H = 9
n
0, 25
.v
Cu 15: Chn p n B
Ta c th suy lun nhanh nh sau:
om
V s C trong X phi ln hn 1 ngha l:
n CO 2 > 0, 09 m CO2 > 0, 09.44 =
3,96
Ta s i gii mu mc bi ton trn nh sau :
.c
= n N2 0,06(mol) =
BTNT.N
n Trong X
0,12(mol)
ok
NH 2
Ta c :
n X = 0,09(mol)
X c 1 amin n chc v 1 amin 2 chc
bo
Vi th nghim t chy 0,09 mol X

et
R NH 2 : a(mol) =a + b 0,09= a 0,06(mol)

Ta c: 1
H 2 N R 2 NH 2 : b(mol) a=+ 2b 0,12 =b 0,03(mol)
vi
n R NH = 0,02(mol)
D dng suy ra 1,22 gam X c 1 2
ng
n H2 N R2 NH2 = 0,01(mol)

BTKL
0,02(R1 + 16) + 0,01(R 2 =
+ 32) 1,22 2R1 =
+ R 2 58
a
Vy khi t 0,09 mol:

kh
CH NH 2 : 0,06(mol)
X 3
H 2 N CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 : 0,03(mol)
=
BTNT.C
m CO2 =
0,12.44 5,28(gam)
B. NH LUT BO TON ELECTRON

Trong Ha Hc s lng cc bi ton lin quan ti s thay i s oxi ha l rt
nhiu.Cng thc p dng th rt ngn n = n
+
e

e tuy nhin sc mnh ca n
th rt gh gm. iu quan trng nht khi cc bn p dng nh lut ny l phi cc
nh ng.
21
Cht nhng e (cht kh) l nhng cht no?

Cht nhn e (cht oxi ha) l nhng cht no?
Ch khi gii bi tp:
Xc nh nhanh tt c cc nguyn t thay i s oxh (khng quan tm ti
cht khng thay i)
Vit chnh xc qu trnh nhng nhn electron (nn nh thuc lng).
Kt hp linh hot vi Bo ton nguyn t.
p dng cng thc n = n

e
+
e .
Ch vi nhng trng hp v axit HNO 3 to ra mui NH 4 NO 3 ; hn hp
mui Fe2+;Fe3+.
n
Trng hp mt nguyn t tng ri li gim s oxi ha hoc ngc li .
.v
By gi,chng ta s nghin cu cc v d hiu vn trn .
A. Bo ton electron mt nc.
om
Bo ton electron mt nc ngha l cht kh s c s oxi ha c a ngay t
min ti max thng qua mt cht oxi ha (thng l HNO 3 hoc H 2 SO 4 ).
Fe HNO3 /H 2SO 4
Fe3+
.c

Al
HNO3 /H 2SO 4
Al3+
ok
2+ 2+ 2+
Zn, Mg,Cu... Zn , Mg ,Cu ...
HNO3 /H 2SO 4
bo
Cu 1: Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c hn

hp kh gm 0,015 mol N 2 O v 0,01 mol NO (phn ng khng to mui amoni).
Tnh m.
et
A. 13,5 g B. 0,81 g C. 8,1 g D. 1,35 g

n N O = 0,015(mol)
vi
Ta c: 2 =
n e 0,015.8 + 0,01.3
= 0,15(mol)
n NO = 0,01(mol)
ng

=
BTE
n Al 0,05(mol)
= m Al =
0,05.27 1,35(gam)
Cu 2: Ha tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu
a
c dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N 2 O v N 2 .

kh
T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H 2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m

gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 97,98. B. 106,38. C. 38,34. D. 34,08.
Ta c ngay:
n= Al 0, 46(mol) = n e 1,38(mol)

n N2O = 0,03(mol) 1,38 0,54
n e+ 0,54(mol) =
= n NH+ = 0,105(mol)
N2
n = 0,03(mol) 4
8
= m 0, 46.(27 + 62.3) + 0,105.80
= 106,38(gam)
22
B. Bo ton electron nhiu nc.

Bo ton electron nhiu nc ngha l cht kh s c s oxi ha c a t s
oxi ha min ti s oxi ha trung gian ri ti max thng qua mt s cht oxi ha
Vi mc trung gian thng l : Oxi,Clo...
Vi mc max thng l:HNO 3 hoc H 2 SO 4 .
Dng bi tp ny ta thng hay dng k Chia tr.
Cu 1: t chy x mol Fe bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hn hp (A) gm cc oxit
st. Ha tan hon ton (A) trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp (Y)
gm NO v NO 2 . T khi hi ca Y i vi H 2 l 19. Tnh x.
A. 0,06 mol. B. 0,065 mol.
n
C. 0,07 mol. D. 0,075 mol.
Fe =
.v
n x(mol)
Chia tr ta c ngay: 5,04
BTKL
56x + 16y = 5,04
n O = y(mol)
om
n NO = 0,0175(mol) BTE
Ta c: 3x
= 2y + 0,0175.4 = x = y 0,07(mol)
n NO2 = 0,0175(mol)
.c
Cu 2: Thi mt lung CO qua hn hp Fe va Fe 2 O 3 nung nong c cht khi B
va hn hp D gm Fe , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 . Cho B li qua dung dich nc vi
ok
trong d thy tao 6 gam kt tua. Hoa tan D bng H 2 SO 4 c, nong thy tao ra 0,18
mol SO 2 con dung dich E . C can E thu c 24 g mui khan . Xac inh thanh
phn % ca Fe:
bo
A. 58,33% B. 41,67% C. 50% D. 40%

C can E thu c 24g mui khan do ta c :
et
24

BTNT.Fe

= n Fe 2n Fe= 2 ( SO 4 )3
2.= 0,12(mol)
400
vi
Fe : 0,12(mol) BTNT (O + C ) Fe : 0,12(mol)

Hn hp u D
ng
O : a(mol) O : a 0,06(mol)
BTE
0,12.3
= 2(a 0,06) + 0,18.2 =
a 0,06(mol)
a
Ch : ( cha cht ch v D ch l Fe).

kh
BTNT (Fe + O) Fe O : 0,02(mol) BTKL 0,08.56

2 3 =
%Fe = 58,33%
Fe : 0,08(mol) 0,12.56 + 0,06.16
Chn A
Cu 3: Thi kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe 2 O 3 nung nng. Sau phn ng
thu c m 1 gam cht rn Y gm 4 cht. Ho tan ht cht rn Y bng dung dch
HNO 3 d thu c 0,448 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o iu kin
chun) v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c m 1 +16,68 gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,0 gam. B. 16,0 gam.
C. 12,0 gam. D. Khng xc nh c.
23
Fe : a(mol) Fe(NO3 )3 : a(mol)

BTNT.Fe
m1 m1 = 56a + 16b (gam)
O : b(mol)

BTNT.Fe
m Fe(=
NO3 )3 a(56 + 62.3)

BTE
=3a 2b + 0,02.3
=n NO 0,02(mol)
a(56 + 62.3) = 56a + 16b + 16,68

= a 0,1
BTNT.Fe

= = 8g
m 0,05.160 Chn A
Cu 4: t 11,2 gam Fe trong bnh kn cha kh Cl 2 , thu c 18,3 gam cht rn
X. Cho ton b X vo dung dch AgNO 3 d n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 28,7. B. 43,2. C. 56,5. D. 71,9.
.v
18,3 11,2
= n Fe 0,2(mol)
=
BTKL
n Cl = 0,2(mol)
om
35,5

BTNT.Clo
AgCl : 0,2(mol)

BTE 0,2.3 0,2 m=
71,9(gam)
.c
Ag : = 0,4(mol)
1
ok
Ch : Bi ny ta p dng BTE cho c qu trnh. Cht kh l Fe vi s mol e
nhng l 0,2.3 = 0,6 do tng s mol e nhn (Cl v Ag+ ) cng phi bng
0,6
bo
C. Bo ton electron c nhiu yu t gy nhiu.

Trong nhiu bi tp ha hc ngi ra rt hay dng k thut tung ha m
et
bng cch a cc nguyn t gy nhiu vo lm nhiu bn hc sinh khng hiu k

bn cht ha hc s rt bi ri.Nhiu khi cn hoang mang v nh b tay mc d
vi
bn cht n rt n gin.Mnh xin ly mt v d rt n gin nh sau.m bo cc

bn s khng th khng hiu.
ng
Gi s : St c 1 triu ,St cho Clo 0,2 triu nh vy lc ny St cn 0,8 triu v

Clo c 0,2 triu.Ri sau c Clo v St a ton b s tin ny cho KMnO 4 . Nh
vy cui cng ta thy ch c Fe nhng tin v KMnO 4 cn Clo chng lm g
a
y c.Trong ha hc ta cn phi nhng cht nhiu kiu nh Clo trong v d

kh
trn.
Cc bn xem thm cc v d ny nh!
Cu 1: Trn 0,54 gam bt nhm vi bt Fe 2 O 3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng
nhit nhm thu c hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO 3
c hn hp kh gm NO v NO 2 c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 3. Th tch
(ktc) kh NO v NO 2 ln lt l:
A. 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt. B. 0,672 lt v 0,224 lt.
C. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt. D. 6,72 lt v 2,24 lt.
Trong v d trn ta ch quan tm ti s thay i s oxi ha ca Al vi Fe v Cu
khng cn quan tm.V cui cng cc nguyn t u ln s oxi ha cao nht.
24
n=Al 0,02(mol) =
n e+ 0,06(mol)

Ta c ngay : n NO = a(mol)
n
NO2 = 3a(mol)

BTE
0,06
= 6a = a 0,01(mol) Chn A
Cu 2: Trn u 10,8 gam Al vi hn hp Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, Cr 2 O 3 ri t nng tin
hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp X. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X
trong dung dch HNO 3 un nng thu c V lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, NO 2 c t
khi so vi hiro l 21. V c gi tr l:
A. 20,16 lt. B. 17,92 lt. C. 16,8 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
n Al= 0, 4(mol) n=
n
+
e 1, 2(mol)

.v
Ta c ngay : n NO = a(mol)
n
NO2 = 3a(mol)
om
BTE
= 1, 2 6a = a 0,02(mol) Chn B
Cu 3: t 16,2 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong kh Cl 2 thu c hn hp
.c
cht rn Y. Cho Y vo nc d, thu c dung dch Z v 2,4 gam kim loi. Dung
dch Z tc dng c vi ti a 0,21 mol KMnO 4 trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 (khng
ok
to ra SO 2 ). Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp X l:
A. 72,91%. B. 64,00%. C. 66,67%. D. 37,33%.
Ch : Nguyn t gy nhiu l Cl 2 (ta khng cn quan tm) v cui cng Cl cng
bo
b KMnO 4 oxi ha thnh Cl 2 .

27a + 56b = 13,8
BTKL
Al : a(mol)
et
Ta c ngay:=
16,2 2,4 13,8 BTE
Fe : b(mol) 3a + 3b= 0,21.5
vi
a = 0,2(mol) 0,15.56 + 2,4

= %Fe = 66,67%
ng
b = 0,15(mol) 16,2
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
a
Cu 1: Ha tan hon ton 16,56 gam Mg bng dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu
kh

A. 102,12. B. 110,52. C. 138,34. D. 134,08.
Cu 2: Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dd HNO 3 thy c 0,3 mol kh NO 2 sn
phm kh duy nht thot ra, nh tip dd HCl va vo li thy c 0,02 mol kh
NO duy nht bay ra. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 24,27 g B. 26,92 g C. 19,5 g D. 29,64 g
Cu 3: Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe 2 O 3 nung nng. Sau
mt thi gian thu c 10,44 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 . Ha
25
tan ht X trong dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu c 4,368 lt NO 2 (sn phm kh
duy nht ktc). Tnh m ?
A.12 B.8 C.20 D.24
Cu 4: Cho 14,8(g) hn hp gm Al, Zn, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 c, t0 d, sau
phn ng thy khi lng dung dch gim 10,8(g). Tnh th tch kh thu c
(00C, 2 atm). Bit kh khng cho phn ng vi dung dch CuCl2.
A. 17,92(l) B. 8,96(l) C. 2,24 (l) D. 4,48 (l)
Cu 5: Cho 20 gam hh X gm Cu, Fe, Al, Mg tan hon ton trong dd HNO 3 loang
nng d thu c dd Y v 8,96 lit kh NO duy nht .Cho dd NaOH vo dd Y n
khi kt ta hon ton. Cc cation kim loi th thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z n khi
n
lng khng i thu c m gam hh cc oxit. m c gi tr l:
.v
A. 39,2 B. 23,2 C. 26,4 D. 29,6
om
Cu 6: Cho hh X dng bt gm Al, Fe, Cu. Ha tan 23,4 gam X vo dd H 2 SO 4 dc
nng d thu c 0,675 mol SO 2 . Cho 23,4 gam X vo bnh cha 850 ml dd
H 2 SO 4 long 1M (d) sau khi p hon ton thu c kh Y, dn ton b kh Y vo
ng ng bt CuO un nng, thy khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 7,2 gam so
.c
vi ban u. S mol Al, Fe, Cu trong hh X ln lt l:
ok
A.0,15; 0,2; 0,2 B.0,2;0,2;0,15
C.0,2;0,15;0,15 D.0,15;0,15;0,15
Cu 7: Cho 8 g hn hp X gm Cu, Fe 3 O 4 tc dng HNO 3 un nng. Sau khi
bo
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,344 lt hn kh A gm NO v NO 2 dung

dch Y v 1,2 kim loi. T khi ca A so vi He l 9,5. Cho dung dch Y tc dng
et
vi NaOH d ri nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m g

cht rn. Gi tr m l:
vi
A. 8 B. 9 C.10 D.11
Cu 8: Oxi ha chm m gam Fe ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian thu c 12
ng
gam hn hp X ( Fe , FeO , Fe 2 O 3 ,Fe 3 O 4 ). ha tan ht X , cn va 300 ml

dung dch HCl 1M , ng thi gii phng 0,672 lt kh ( ktc ). Tnh m ?
a
A. 10,08 B. 8,96 C. 9,84 D.10,64

kh
Cu 9: ho tan hon ton 19,225 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Zn cn dng va

800 ml dung dch HNO 3 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v
2,24 lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm N 2 , N 2 O, NO, NO 2 ( trong s mol ca N 2 O
v NO 2 bng nhau) c t khi i vi H 2 l 14,5. Phn trm v khi lng ca Mg
trong X l:
A. 90,58 B. 62,55 C. 9,42 D. 37,45
Cu 10: Ha tan 5,91 hn hp NaCl v KBr vo 100ml dung dch hn hp
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,1M v AgNO 3 aM, thu c kt ta A v dung dch B. Trong dung
dch B, nng % ca NaNO 3 v KNO 3 tng ng theo t l 3,4 : 3,03. Cho
26
ming km vo dung dch B, sau khi phn ng xong ly ming km ra khi dung
dch, thy khi lng tng 1,1225g. Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,800M B.0,850M C.0,855M D.0,900M
Cu 11: Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,45 mol hn hp A gm Fe 2 O 3 v FeO
nung nng sau mt thi gian thu c 51,6 gam cht rn B. Dn kh i ra khi ng
s vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 88,65 gam kt ta. Cho B tc dng ht vi
dung dch HNO 3 d thu c V lt NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca
V l:
A. 7,84 lt B. 8,40 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 6,72 lit
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm Al va Cr 2 O 3 . Nung 21,14 gam X trong iu kin khng
co khng khi thu c hn hp Y . Cho toan b Y vao dung dich NaOH loang , d
n
thy co 11,024 gam cht rn khng tan va thu c 1,5456 lit kh (ktc). Hiu sut
.v
cua phan ng nhit nhm la:
A. 83% B. 87% C. 79,1% D. 90%
om
Cu 13: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Fe bng dung dich HNO 3 thu c dung dich X
va 1,12 lit NO (ktc). Thm dung dich cha 0,1 mol HCl vao dung dich X thi thy
khi NO tip tuc thoat ra va thu c dung dich Y . phan ng ht vi cac cht
B. 3,92 C. 2,8
.c
trong dung dich Y cn 115 ml dung dich NaOH 2M. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 3,36 D. 3,08
ok
Cu 14: Cho 30,1 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch
HNO 3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 1,68 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn d 0,7 gam
bo
kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, khi lng mui khan thu c l:

A. 54,45 gam B. 75,75 gam
et
C. 68,55 gam D. 89,7 gam

Cu 15: Cho phng trnh ho hc:
vi
Fe + HNO 3 Fe(NO 3 ) 3 + NO 2 + NO + H 2 O
Sau khi cn bng phng trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s
ng
nguyn, ti gin, nu bit t l n NO2 : n NO = x : y th h s ca H 2 O l:

A.x+2y. B. 3x+2y. C. 2x+5y. D. 4x+10y.
a
Cu 16: Cho 18,56 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi 200ml dung dch

HNO 3 long nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,24
kh
lt kh NO duy nht(ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 1,466 gam kim loi. Phn trm
khi lng Fe 3 O 4 trong 18,56 gam hn hp ban u l:
A. 37,5% B. 40,72% C. 27,5% D. 41,5%
Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS 2 trong HNO 3 d c
0,48 mol NO 2 v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d vo X, lc kt ta nung
n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 17,545 gam B. 18,355 gam
C. 15,145 gam D. 2,4 gam
Cu 18: Cho 18,45 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al, Fe vo dung dch AgNO 3 d thu
c m gam cht rn. Cho NH 3 d vo dung dch sau phn ng, lc kt ta ri
27
em nhit phn trong iu kin khng c khng kh n khi lng khng i th

thu c 29,65 gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 75,6. B. 151,2. C. 135,0. D. 48,6.
Cu 19: Cho hn hp kh X gm 0,009 mol NO 2 v 0,0015 mol O 2 phn ng hon
ton vi nc thu c dung dch Y (cha mt cht tan) v V ml (ktc) kh khng
mu duy nht. Trn Y vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol NaOH thu c 200 ml dung
dch Z. Ga tr ca V v pH ca dung dch Z ln lt l:
A. 67,2 v 12 B. 67,2 v 12,3
C. 22,4 v 12 D. 22,4 v 2
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung
dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Mt khc nu cho 8,7 gam hn hp
n
tc dng vi dung dch KOH d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Cn nu
.v
cho 34,8 gam hn hp tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4 d, lc ly cht rn thu
c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 d th th tch kh NO (sn phm
om
kh duy nht) thot ra ktc l
A. 20,16 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 17,92 lt. D. 8,96 lt.
Cu 21. Cho 6,675g hn hp Mg v kim loi M ( ha tr duy nht n, ng sau Mg ,
.c
tc dng c vi H+ gii phng H 2 ) c t l mol l 1:1 vo dung dch AgNO 3 d
khi kt thc phn ng thu c 32,4g cht rn . mt th nghim khc nu cho
ok
6,675g hn hp kim loi trn vo dung dch HNO 3 d sau phn ng thu c V lt
NO ktc ( sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V l:
bo
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 3,36. D. 2,24.

Cu 22: C 9,3 gam hn hp X gm kali v nhm. Ha tan hn hp X vo nc
d thu c V 1 lt kh. Mt khc, nu ha tan hon ton hn hp ny vo dung
et
dch KOH d th thu c V 2 lt kh trong cng iu kin vi V 1 . Bit V 2 =

1,75V 1 . Khi lng ca kali v nhm trong X ln lt l:
vi
A. 6,00 gam v 3,30 gam. B. 1,95 gam v 4,05 gam.

C. 3,90 gam v 5,40 gam. D. 5,85 gam v 6,75 gam.
ng
Cu 23: t chy 16,1 gam Na trong bnh cha y kh oxi, sau mt thi gian thu
c m gam hn hp cht rn Y gm Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 v Na d. Ha tan ht ton b
a
lng Y trn vo nc nng thu c 5,04 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Z c t khi hi

so vi heli l 3. Gi tr m l:
kh
A. 11,6. B. 21,7. C. 18,5. D. 21,4.

Cu 24.Chia m gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Fe, Ba thnh 3 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 tc dng vi nc d, thu c 0,896 lit H 2 (ktc).
Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,568 lit H 2 (ktc).
Phn 3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lit H 2 (ktc).
Gi tr ca m l :
A. 12,39. B. 24,78. C. 4,13. D. 8,26.
Cu 25: Ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam hn hp gm Fe v kim loi X vo bng
dung dch HCl ,thu c 1,064 lt kh H 2 . Mt khc ha tan hon ton 1,805 gam
28
hn hp trn bng dung dch HNO 3 long,(d),thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (sn

phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh u o ktc. Kim loi X l:
A.Cr B. Al. C. Zn. D. Mg.
Cu 26: Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Cr tc dng vi dung dch HCl
long,d,un nng thy gii phng 3,36 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Mt khc,khi cho m gam
hn hp X trn tc dng vi Cl 2 ,un nng th th tch kh Cl 2 (ktc) tham gia
phn ng l:
A.4,48 lt. B.3,36 lt C.5,04 lt D.2,24 lt
Cu 27: Hn hp kh X gm O 2 v Cl 2 ,t khi ca hn hp X so vi hiro l 25,75.
Th tch ca hn hp X(ktc) cn dng phn ng vi va 9,6 gam Cu l:
A.5,6 lt B.3,36 lt. C.2,24 lt. D.4,48 lt
n
Cu 28: Cho 16,8 gam Fe vo 2 lt dung dch AgNO 3 , phn ng xy ra hon
.v
ton th thy to thnh 86,4 gam kt ta. Nng ca AgNO 3 trong dung dch ban
u l:
om
A. 0,4M B. 0,35M C. 0,3 M D. 0,2 M
Cu 29: Cho mangan ioxit tc dng vi dd axit clohidric m c d un nng,
sinh ra 0,56 lit kh Cl 2 (ktc). S mol HCl b oxi ho l:
.c
A. 0,025 mol B. 0,1 mol C. 0,05 mol D. 0,2 mol
Cu 30: Cho 5,5 gam hn hp A: Fe, Al phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl, thu c
ok
4,48 lt H 2 (kc). Cho 11 gam hn hp A trn phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 ,
thu c V lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr V l:
bo
A. 4,48. B. 6,72. C. 2,24. D. 5,6.

Cu 31: Cho hn hp X gm Cu v Zn vo 0,5 lt dung dch FeCl 3 0,5M. Phn
ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v cht rn Z. Cho Z vo dung dch H 2 SO 4
et
long khng thy kh bay ra. Dung dch Y phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch
KMnO 4 aM trong H 2 SO 4 . Gi tr ca a l:
vi
A. 1,25. B. 1,0. C. 1,125. D. 1,2.

ng
Cu 32. Ha tan hon ton 8,4 gam Fe bng dung dch H 2 SO 4 long (d), thu
c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO 4
0,5M. Gi tr ca V l:
a
A. 60 B. 30 C. 120 D. 90
kh
Cu 33. Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng

nhau tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y
v kh H 2 . C cn dung dch Y thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam
hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O 2 (d) to hn hp 3 oxit th th tch kh O 2
(ktc) phn ng l:
A. 1,344 lt B. 1,008 lt C. 0,672 lt D. 2,016 lt.
Cu 34. Ha tan m gam kim loi M trong dung dch HCl (d), thu c 2,46 gam
mui. Mt khc, khi cho m gam kim loi M tc dng vi Cl 2 (d), thu c 3,17
gam mui. Kim loi M l:
A. Cu B. Fe C. Al D. Cr.
29
Cu 35. Khi cho kalidicromat vo dung dch HCl d, un nng xy ra phn ng:
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 + HCl KCl + CrCl 3 + Cl 2 + H 2 O.
Nu dng 5,88 gam K 2 Cr 2 O 7 th s mol HCl b oxi ha l :
A. 0,12 mol B. 0,06 mol C. 0,28 mol D. 0,14 mol.
Cu 36. Cho 1,37 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M ha tr khng i tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d thy gii phng 1,232 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Mt khc hn
hp X trn tc dng va vi lng kh Cl 2 diu ch bng cch cho 3,792 gam
KMnO 4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c, d. T l s mol ca Fe v M trong hn
hp l 1 : 3. Kim loi M l :
A. Zn B. Al C. Cu D. Mg.
n
Cu 37: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 1 kim loi ho tr 1 v 1 oxit kim loi ho
tr 2 vo nc. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c 500ml dung dch X ch cha 1
.v
cht tan duy nht v 5,376 lt kh H 2 . Nng mol ca dung dch X l:
om
A. 0,48M B. 0,36M C. 0,24M D. 0,3M
Cu 38: kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu
nu en cn V lt kh etilen ( ktc). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 2,240. B. 2,688.
.c
C. 4,480. D. 1,344.
Cu 39: Cho 3,16 gam KMnO 4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl c (d), sau khi phn
ok
ng xy ra hon ton th s mol HCl b oxi ha l
A. 0,02. B. 0,05. C. 0,10. D. 0,16.
bo
Cu 40: Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 thu c

dung dch X v 2,24 lt kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H 2 SO 4 d vo bnh thu c
0,896 lt kh NO v dung dch Y. Bit trong c 2 trng hp NO l sn phm kh
et
duy nht,ktc. Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 4,16 gam Cu(khng to thnh sn

phm kh ca N+5). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A.4,80 B.8,40 C.8,12 D.7,84.

ng
P N CHI TIT
a
Cu 1: Chn p n B
0, 69(mol) =
kh
n=Mg n e 1,38(mol)

Ta c ngay N 2 O : 0, 03(mol) 1,38 0,54

= n e+ 0,54(mol) = n NH+ = 0,105(mol)
N 2 : 0, 03(mol) 8
4

= m 0,69.(24 + 62.2) + 0,105.80
= 110,52(gam)
Cu 2: Chn p n B
n Fe3+ = 0,12(mol)
C ngay: m=
26,92(gam)
n=
Cl
0,08(mol) n=
NO3
0, 28(mol)
30
Cu 3: Chn p n A
Fe : a(mol)
BTKL
56a + 16b = 10,44
Chia tr: 10,44 BTE
O : b(mol) = 3a 2b + 0,195
a = 0,15(mol) 0,15
=
BTNT.Fe
m = .160 12(gam)
b = 0,1275(mol) 2
Cu 4: Chn p n D
25,6
C ngay: mSO2 = 14,8 + 10,8 = 25,6(gam) n SO2 = = 0, 4(mol)
64
pV nRT 0,4.0,082.273
n
n= V= = = 4,48(lt )
RT p 2
.v
Cu 5: Chn p n D
om
NO: ne = 0,4.3
X oxit BTE
Ta c : =
4a 1, 2
= a 0,3(mol)
O 2 :amol
X oxit .c
m = 20 + 0,3.32 = 29,6(gam)
ok
Cu 6: Chn p n C
n Al = a 27a + 56b
= + 64c 23, 4 = a 0, 2(mol)

bo
C ngay n Fe= b 3a + 3b + 2c= 1,35

CDLBT
b= 0,15(mol)
n = c 1,5a + b = n = n = 0, 45 c = 0,15(mol)
Cu H2 O
et
Cu 7: Chn p n A
C ngay:
vi
n Cu = a 64a=
+ 232b 6,8 = a 0,07(mol)
mX ' =8 1, 2 =6,8 :
ng
n Fe3O4 = b 2a =+
2b 0,03.3 + 0,03 b =
0,01(mol)
CuO : 0,07(mol)

BTKL
m = 8(gam)
a
Fe 2 O3 : 0,015(mol)
kh
Cu 8: Chn p n A
Vi bi ton ny ta cn kt hp BTNT.H vi cu hi l H s bin i u? Tt
nhin ri n chui vo H 2 O v bay ln di dng H 2 .
1
C ngay: n Trong
O
X
= ( 0,3 0,03.2 ) =0,12(mol)
2

BTKL
= m 12 0,12.16= 10,08(gam)
Cu 9: Chn p n D
Quy oi
NO : 0,05(mol)
Do n=
N2 O
n NO A %m Mg trong
= X 37,45%
2
N 2 : 0,05(mol)
31
24a + 65b =
19, 225
=
C ngay: n NH+ 0,04(mol)
4
2a + 2b
= 0,05.3 + 0,05.10 + 0,04.8
a = 0,3(mol) 0,3.24
=
%Mg = 37, 45%
.100%
b = 0,1875(mol) 19, 225
Cu 10: Chn p n A
Gi s : NaCl : x 58,5x + 119y =
5,91 (1)
KBr : y
C%dd NaNO3 3, 4 m NaNO3 3, 4 85x 3, 4
= = = =
y 0,75x (2)
C%dd KNO3 3,03 m KNO3 3,03 101y 3,03
n
V a > 0,7 nn trong B c Cu 2 + : 0,01
+
BTE
n=
Phan ung
0,05a 0,025
.v
Zn
Ag : 0,1a 0,07
x = 0,04(mol)
om

(1),(2)

y = 0,03(mol)

= + (
0,1a 0,07 ) .108 (0,05a 0,025).65
= a 0,85
BTKL
1,1225 0,01.64

.c
Cu Ag Zn
Cu 11: Chn p n A
ok
n Fe O = a(mol)
Ta c:
=
BTNT.C
n =
n Otrong A giam 0, 45(mol) A 2 3
n FeO = b(mol)
bo
a + b = 0, 45 a = 0,3(mol)
BTKL
160a +=
72b 51,6 + 0, 45.16 b = 0,15(mol)
et
BTNT.Fe + O

Fe : 0,75(mol) BTE
vi
B 0,75.3
= 0,6.2 + 3n NO = n NO 0,35(mol)
O : 0,6(mol)
ng
V = NO =
0,35.22, 4 7,84(lt)
Cu 12: Chn p n B
a
Ch : Cr v Cr 2 O 3 u khng tan trong dung dch kim long nn

kh
1,5456 0,069.2
Ta= c: n H2 = 0,069(mol) =
BTE
n du
Al = 0,046(mol)
22,4 3

BTKL
m Al + m
= Al 2 O3 21,14 11,024
= 10,116(gam)
10,116 0,046.27
=
n Al2O3 = 0,087(mol)
102
Suy ra s mol Cr sinh ra l 0,174 mol v Cr 2 O 3 d l 0,013
Vy hiu sut l (tnh theo Cr 2 O 3 ) 87%
Cu 13: Chn p n B
32
n NO = 0,05(mol)
Ta c:
n trong
NO3
X
=
0,15(mol)
4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
n NaCl = 0,1(mol)
= 0,23
n NaOH BTNT.Na

n NaNO3 = 0,13(mol)
cho HCl vo
BTNT.N
n NO 0,15 =
= 0,13 0,02(mol)

= n NO 0,02 +=
0,05 0,07(mol)
BTE

= n Fe 0,07
=m 0,07.56 = 3,92(gam)
Cu 14: Chn p n B
n
64a + 232b = 30,1
a = 0,1984(mol)
.v
Ta c: 0,7 m= 75,75(gam)
(a 64 ).2 = 0,075.3 + 2b b = 0,075(mol)
om
Cu 15: Chn p n A
x
xNO2 Fe
Ta c: 3 N = x + 3 y + x + y = 2 x + 4 y ( x + 2 y ) H 2O
.c
yNO yFe
ok
Cu 16: Chn p n B
56a + 232b = 18,56
n Fe = a
a = 0, 206(mol)

bo
CDLBT
Ta c: 1, 466
n Fe3O4 = b
a 56 .2 = 0,1.3 + 2b b = 0,03(mol)

%m Fe SO trong ho n h p = 40,72%
et
3 4
Cu 17: Chn p n A
vi
Fe : a(mol) CDLBT 56a +=32b 3,76 =

a 0,03(mol)
Chia tr : 3,76
=
3a + 6b 0,48=
ng
S : b(mol) b 0,065(mol)
Fe(OH)3
0
BTNT (Fe + S)
t
Fe2 O3 : 0,015(mol)

m = 17,545(gam)
a
BaSO 4 : 0,065(mol)
kh
Cu 18: Chn p n B
MgO

Y Al2 O3 =
BTE
n Ag =
2n Trong
O
Y
0,7.2
Fe O
2 3
Cu 19: Chn p n C
n NO = 0,009(mol)
Ta c: 2
n O2 = 0,0015(mol)
D thy O 2 thiu nn ta c ngay :
33
HNO3 : a(mol) =
BTNT.Nito
a + b 0,009
= a 0,008(mol)
BTE
NO : b(mol)
= a 2b + 0,0015.4 b = 0,001(mol)
0,01 0,008
V= 22,4(ml) OH = = 102 H + = 1012 PH = 12
0,2
Cu 20: Chn p n C
Ch : Ta s x l bi ton vi khi lng hn hp l 34,8 trong cc th nghim :
Al : a(mol) KOH
a = 0,4 a = 0,4(mol)
HCl
34,8 Fe : b(mol) 3.0,4 +=2b + 2c 0,6.2.2
= b 0,3(mol)
BTKL 56b + 24c = 24
Mg : c(mol) c = 0,3(mol)
n
BTE cho c qu trnh.
.v
Ch : Fe Fe2+ n e = 0,4.3 + 0,3.2 + 0,3.2 = 2,4
n NO = 0,8 V = 17,92
om
Cu 21. Chn p n D
Ch : Cho d n bng bao nhiu th s mol hn hp Mg v M nhng cng bng
s mol Ag. .c
32, 4
Do c ngay:= ne = n Ag = 0,3(mol) BTE
=
n NO 0,1(mol)
ok
108
Cu 22: Chn p n C
Do V 2 > V 1 nn th nghim 1 Al d.
bo
3
Ch : Al + NaOH + H 2 O NaAlO2 + H 2
2
et
Al : a(mol) pu 2V1
Vi th nghim 1: 9,3 = n Al b(mol)
=
BTE
b + 3b
K : b(mol) 22,4
vi
2V2 2.1,75V1
ng
Vi th nghim 2: BTE
=b + 3a =
22,4 22,4
=
b + 3a 1,75.4b = a 0,2(mol) m Al = 5,4(gam)
a
C ngay:
27a =
+ 39b 9,3 = b 0,1(mol) = m K 3,9(gam)
kh
Cu 23: Chn p n B
Ta c th xem nh Na 2 O 2 nh l Na 2 O.O khi tc dng vi H 2 O th O s bay
n H 0,15 Na : 0,3(mol)
=
BTE
=n Na 0,3
nn: 0, 225 2
CDLBT
m Na 2 O 2 : 0,15(mol)
=
n O2 0, 075 =
BTNT Oxi
n Na 2O2
0,15
Na 2 O : 0, 05(mol)
m = 21, 7g
34
Cu 24. Chn p n A
Al : a(mol)

=
Vi phn 1: Fe : b(mol) n H2 0,04(mol) =
BTE
2c + 2c.3 0,04.2
Ba : c(mol)

Vi =
phn 2: n H2 0,07(mol)
=
BTE
3a + 2c 0,07.2
=
Vi phn 3: n H2 0,1(mol)
BTE
3a
= + 2b + 2c 0,1.2
Al : 0,04(mol)

C ngay: Fe : 0,03(mol) = = 12,39(gam)
m 3.4,13
Ba : 0,01(mol)
n

Cu 25: Chn p n B
.v
C 3 trng hp ha tr ca kim loi l khng i.Ta gi s kim loi c ha tr
om
n khng i.
Fe : a(mol) HCl
1,805 2a=+ nb 0,095 HNO3
3a=
+ nb 0,12
X : b(mol) .c
= =
a 0,025(mol) n 3

ok
= =
nb 0,045(mol) X 27
Cu 26: Chn p n C
Ch : Fe v Cr ging nhau l khi tc dng vi HCl u c s OXH +2 v tc dng
bo
vi Cl 2 th ln s OXH +3.
Cl2 BTE
Do c ngay: n Fe+=
Cr =
nH
2 0,15
= = 0,45 n Cl2
ne 0,15.3
et
0, 45
= = 0,225 (mol)
vi
2
Cu 27: Chn p n C
ng
Bi ton ny ta s dng BTE cho c qu trnh:

BTE
2a + 4b= 0,3
Cl 2 : a(mol) 2a + 4b = 0,3
a
X n Cu =
0,15(mol) 71a + 32b
O2 : b(mol) = 51,5 19,5a 19,5b =
0
kh
a+b
a = b = 0, 05 V = (a + b).22, 4 = 2,24(lit)
Cu 28: Chn p n A
n Fe = 0,3(mol)
Ta c:
BTNT.Ag
n AgNO3 = n Ag
=

n n =
Ag 0,8 < 0,9
0,8 [ AgNO3 ] =
= 0, 4 Chn A
Nu bi bt tm cc cht trong dung dch sau phn ng :
35
n Fe = 0,3(mol) Fe 2 + : a(mol)
Ta c: 3+
=
n n= Ag 0,8(mol) Fe : b(mol)
= a + b = a 0,1(mol)
BTNT.Fe
0,3
BTDT
2a + 3b = 0,8 b = 0, 2(mol)
Cu 29: Chn p n C
Ch : S mol HCl b oxi ha l s mol Clo thay i s oxi ha (s mol HCl phn
ng s ln hn s mol HCl b oxi ha do 1 phn HCl ng vai tr lm mi
trng Clo khng thay i s oxi ha).
Do , ta c ngay: n HCl = 2n
b oxi ho a
= 0,025.2
= 0,05 (mol)
n
Cl2
Cu 30: Chn p n B
.v
n Fe = a(mol) HCl 56a + 27b = 5,5 a =
0,05(mol)
5,5
om
=
n Al b(mol) 2a + 3b= 2n H2= 0,4 b 0,1(mol)
Fe : 0,1(mol) HNO3 NO
11 0,1.3 + 0,2.3 = 3n NO
.c
Al : 0,2(mol)
=n NO 0,3(mol) = V 6,72(lit)
ok
Cu 31: Chn p n B
D dng suy ra Z l Cu do dung dch Y l:
bo
n 2+ = 0,25(mol)
Fe
=n Cl 0,75(mol) =
BTE
n e 0,25.1 +=
0,75.1 1(mol)
et
2+
n Zn2+ = Cu (mol)
vi
1
n KMnO4 = = 0,2 a = 1
ng
5
Fe2 + 1e Fe3+ ;
Ch : = 2Cl 2e Cl 2
=
a
Cu 32. Chn p n A
kh
=n Fe 0,15(mol)
=
BTNT
n Fe2+ 0,15(mol)
= n e 0,15(mol)
0,15

BTE
n=
KMnO 4 = 0,03(mol)=
V 0,06(lit)
5
Cu 33. Chn p n B
n ZnCl = a n = 0,02(mol)
2

ZnO
Ta c: 8,98 n CrCl= 2
a
BTKL
=a 0,02(mol)
BTNT
Cr2 O=
n 3
0,01(mol)

n SnCl2 a= n SnO2 0,02(mol)
n O2 =
0,045(mol)
36
Cu 34. Chn p n D
D thy khi lng mui 2 th nghim l khc nhau nn loi A v C ngay.
3,17 2,46 2,46
Ta c: n M= = 0,02 M + 71= M= 52
35,5 0,02
Cu 35. Chn p n A
Bi ny ta nn dng BTE khng nn cn bng c phng trnh s rt mt thi
gian.
n Cr +6 = 0,02.2= 0,04 n e = 0,04.3= 0,12(mol) .
Vy s mol HCl b oxi ha l 0,12(mol)
Ch : S mol HCl phn ng s ln hn 0,12 do c phn HCl ng vai tr l mi
n
trng.
.v
Cu 36. Chn p n B
om
3,792 0, 024.5
=n KMnO4 = 0, 024(mol) =
BTE
n Cl2 = 0, 06(mol)
158 2
n H2 = 0, 055(mol)
Fe : a(mol)
1,37

=
BTE
BTE
2a + 3na =
.c
0,055.2 a 0,01(mol)
Al
ok
M : 3a(mol) 3a + 3na= 0,06.2 n = 3
Cu 37: Chn p n A
bo
Dung dch X ch cha 1 cht tan duy nht nn oxit kim loi c th ly l ZnO.
Ta=
c: n H2 0, 24(mol)
=
BTE
n kiem 0, 48 (mol)
BTNT

= n M 2 ZnO2 0, 24(mol)
et
0, 24
[ M 2 ZnO
= 2] = 0, 48(M)
0,5
vi
Cu 38: Chn p n D
ng
3CH 2 =CH 2 + 2KMnO 4 + 4H 2 O

3CH 2 ( OH ) CH 2 ( OH ) + 2MnO2 +2KOH
a
n KMnO4= 0,04 n CH2 = CH2= 0,06 V= 0,06.22, 4= 1,344

kh
Cu 39: Chn p n C
3,16
Ta c: n=KMnO 4 = 0,03(mol)
BTE
n biHCl
= oxi hoa
= 0,1(mol)
0,02.5
158
Ch : S mol HCl phn ng s nhiu hn 0,1 v c lng HCl lm mi trng.
Cu 40: Chn p n C
Ta s dng BTE cho c qu trnh :
Fe 2e =Fe 2 + m
2+

BTE
.2 + = =
0,065.2 0,14.3 m 8,12(gam)
Cu 2e =
Cu 56
37
BI TP LUYN TP S 2
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm Cu,Al,v Fe. Cho m gam X vo dung dch KOH ly d thu
c 13,44 lt H 2 ktc, cn khi cho m gam hn hp X vo dung dch HCl ly d,
thu c 17,92 lt H 2 ktc v 6,4 gam cht rn khng tan. Bit cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A.195 gam B.28,4 gam C.32,4 gam D. 41,3gam
Cu 2: Cho 0,4 mol Fe tan ht vo dung dch cha 0,65 mol H 2 SO 4 long thu
c dung dch Y. Sc tip vo dung dch Y 0,08 mol O 2 thu c dung dch Z.
Cho dung dch Z tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ly d thu c x gam kt
ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca x l:
n
A.76,55gam B.85,44gam C.96,445gam D.103,45gam
Cu 3: Cn a mol K 2 Cr 2 O 7 v b mol HCl iu ch c 3,36 lt kh Cl 2 (kc).
.v
Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
om
A. 0,05 v 0,35. B. 0,1 v 0,35.
C. 0,05 v 0,7. D. 0,1 v 0,7.
Cu 4. Co 12 gam bt X gm Fe va S (co t l s mol la 1:2). Nung hn hp X
trong iu kin khng c khng kh , thu c hn hp Y . Ha tan hoan toan Y
.c
trong dung dich HNO 3 c, nong (d) thy ch co mt san ph m kh Z duy nht.
Th tich Z (ktc) thu c ln nht la :
ok
A. 33,6 lt . B. 44,8 lt. C. 11,2 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 5. kh hon ton 200 ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,2M to thnh cht rn mu
bo
nu en cn V lt kh C 2 H 4 ktc. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
A. 2,240 B. 2,688 C. 4,48 D. 1,344
Cu 6. Nung n hon ton 0,005 mol FeCO 3 trong bnh kn cha 0,01 mol O 2
et
thu c cht rn A. ha tan ht A bng dd HNO 3 c nng th s mol HNO 3

cn dng cc phn xy ra va to thnh dd cha mui duy nht l:
vi
A.0,14 mol B.0,16 mol C.0,15 mol D.0,18 mol

ng
Cu 7. Ha tan m gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe(OH)2 ,FeCO3 ,Fe2 O3 ,Fe3O 4 c

cng s mol tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long d thu c 1,568 lt kh CO 2
(ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th lm mt mu bao nhiu ml dung dch
a
KMnO 4 1M l:
kh
A.112 ml B.84 ml C.42 ml D.56 ml

Cu 8.Cho hn hp gm m gam bt Cu v 23,2 gam Fe 3 O 4 vo dd H 2 SO 4 long
d thy tan hon ton thu c dd X. oxi ha ht Fe2+ trong dd X cn dng 90
ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,4M .Gi tr ca m l:
A.3,2 gam B.2,56 gam C.5,12 gam D.6,4 gam
Cu 9: Cho m gam hn hp X gm K v Al tc dng vi nc d, thu c 4,48
lt kh H 2 (ktc). Nu cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, th thu c
7,84 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca K trong X l:
A. 58,06%. B. 41,94%. C. 83,87%. D. 16,13%.
38
Cu 10: Cho 7,6 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Ca phn ng va vi 4,48 lt

(ktc) hn hp kh Y gm Cl 2 v O 2 thu c 19,85 gam cht rn Z ch gm cc
mui clorua v cc oxit kim loi. Khi lng ca Mg trong 7,6 gam X l:
A. 2,4 gam. B. 1,8 gam. C. 4,6 gam. D. 3,6 gam.
Cu 11: Ha tan ht 0,02 mol KClO 3 trong lng d dung dch HCl c, thu c
dung dch Y v kh Cl 2 . Hp th ht ton b lng kh Cl 2 vo dung dch cha
0,06 mol NaBr, thu c m gam Br 2 (gi thit Cl 2 v Br 2 u phn ng khng
ng k vi H 2 O). Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,80. B. 3,20. C. 3,84. D. 4,16.
Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na, K v Ba phn ng ht vi dung dch cha
0,1 mol FeCl 2 v 0,15 mol CuCl 2 . Kt thc cc phn ng thu c kt ta Z, dung
n
dch Y v 0,3 mol H 2 . C cn ton b dung dch Y thu c 40,15 gam cht rn
.v
khan. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 26,1. B. 36,9. C. 20,7. D. 30,9.
Cu 13: Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 , thu c
dung dch X v 1,12 lt kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H 2 SO 4 d vo bnh thu c
0,448 lt kh NO v dung dch Y. Bit trong c hai trng hp NO l sn phm kh
.c
duy nht, o ktc. Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 2,08 gam Cu (khng to thnh
ok
sn phm kh ca N+5). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,40. B. 4,20. C. 4,06. D. 3,92.
Cu 14: Cho m gam hn hp tinh th gm NaBr, NaI tc dng va vi H 2 SO 4
bo
c iu kin thch hp, thu c hn hp kh X iu kin thng. iu kin

thch hp hn hp X tc dng va vi nhau to thnh 9,6 gam cht rn mu
et
vng v mt cht lng khng lm i mu qu tm. Gi tr ca m l

A. 260,6. B. 240. C. 404,8. D. 50,6.
vi
Cu 15: Cho hn hp X dng bt gm Al;Fe;v Cu. Ha tan 23,4 gam X bng dd

H 2 SO 4 ,c,nng,d thu c 15,12 lt SO 2 (ktc). Mt khc: cho 23,4 gam X tc
ng
dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 ,long,d thu c 10,08 lt kh (ktc). % khi lng

Cu trong hn hp X l:
a
A. 68,4% B. 30,0% C. 41% D. 54,7%

kh
Cu 16: Chia hn hp A gm Zn,ZnO,Al 2 O 3 thnh 2 phn bng nhau . Phn mt

tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d,thu c 4,48 lt H 2 . Phn 2 tan hon ton
trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c 0,896 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit
cc th tch u o ktc. Kh X l:
A. NO 2 B. NO C. N 2 O D. N 2
Cu 17: Ha tan 2,16 gam hn hp ba kim loi Na,Fe,Al vo nc (ly d) thu
c 0,448 lt(ktc) v mt lng cht rn. Tch lng cht rn ny cho tc dng
hon ton vi dung dch CuSO 4 d thu c 3,2 gam Cu. % khi lng Al trong
hn hp trn l:
A. 12,5% B. 37,5% C. 18,75% D. 25.0%
39
Cu 18: Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,002 mol FeS 2 v 0,003 mol FeS vo
lng H 2 SO 4 c nng, d thu c kh X . Hp th X bng lng va V ml
dd KMnO 4 0,05 M . Gi tr V l:
A.188 ml B.288 ml C.172 ml D.280 ml
Cu 19: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Ba v Al vo nc d, thu
c 1,344 lt kh (ktc). Mt khc khi cho 2m gam X tc dng vi dd Ba(OH) 2
d thu c 20,832 lt kh (ktc) . Bit rng cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton.
Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp X ban u l:
A.88,9% B.95,2% C.79,8% D.62,7%
Cu 20: Cho 18,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi Al v Cu vo lng d dd hn
hp cha H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 c, nng . Sau phn ng thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh
n
(ktc) gm NO v SO 2 c t khi so vi hidro l 23,5 . Phn trm khi lng ca
.v
Al trong hn hp X l:
om
A.14,8% B.22,3% C.29,7% D.44,5%
Cu 21: Chia hai gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al v Cu thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn mt cho tc dng vi Cl 2 d, un nng thu c (m+7,1)gam hn hp mui.
Oxi ha phn hai cn va ng V lt hn hp kh A gm O 2 v O 3 (ktc). Bit t
.c
khi hi ca A vi H 2 l 20,cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,gi tr ca V l:
ok
A. 0,448 lt B. 0,896 lt C.1,12 lt D. 0,672 lt.
Cu 22: Cho 12,25 gam KClO 3 vo dung dich HCl c ,kh Cl 2 thot ra cho tc
dng ht vi kim loi M thu c 30,9 gam hn hp cht rn X. Cho X vo dung
bo
dch AgNO 3 d,thu c 107,7 gam kt ta. Vy kim loi M l:

A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu.
et
Cu 23: Cho st tan ht trong dd H 2 SO 4 long, d to ra dd X. Bit rng 50ml dd

X tc dng va vi 100ml KMnO 4 0,1M. Nng mol ca mui st trong dd X
vi
l:
ng
A. 1M B. 2M C. 0,2M D. 0,5M
Cu 24: Cho hn hp A gm c 1 mol FeS,1mol FeS 2 v 1 mol S tc dng hon
ton vi H 2 SO 4 (c nng,d) thu c V lt kh SO 2 (ktc).Tnh gi tr ca V :
a
A. 224 B. 336 C. 448 D. 560

kh
Cu 25: Cho 3,76 gam hn hp X gm Mg v MgO c t l mol tng ng l 14:1

tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 th thu c 0,448 lt mt kh duy nht (o
ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y thu c 23 gam cht rn khan
T. Xc nh s mol HNO 3 phn ng:
A. 0,28 B. 0,34 C. 0,32 D. 0,36
Cu 26: Chia hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn
1 tan ht trong dung dch HCl to ra 1,792 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn 2, nung trong oxi thu
c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim loi ban u l:
40
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 . Ho tan hon ton X trong

400 ml dung dch HCl 2M thy thot ra 2,24 lt H 2 v cn li 2,8 gam st (duy
nht) cha tan. Hy cho bit nu cho ton b hn hp X vo dung dch HNO 3 c,
nng d thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO 2 ?
A. 4,48 lt B. 10,08 lt C. 16,8 lt D. 20,16 lt
Cu 28: Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe 3 O 4 trong dung dch HCl d, sau
phn ng cn li 8,32 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X
thu c 61,92 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 43,84. B. 103,67. C. 55,44. D. 70,24.
Cu 29: Cho kh CO qua hn hp T gm Fe v Fe 2O3 nung nng thu c hn hp kh
B v hn hp cht rn D. Cho B qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 6 gam kt ta. Mt
n
khc, ha tan hn hp D bng dung dch H2 SO4 c, nng, d thu c 0,18 mol SO2
.v
(sn phm kh duy nht) v 24 gam mui. Phn trm s mol ca Fe trong hn hp T l:
A. 75%. B. 45%. C. 80%. D. 50%.
om
Cu 30: Nung 44,3 gam hn hp Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 v KHCO 3 trong (KHCO 3 chim
45,15% v khi lng) n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn X. % khi
lng cc cht trong X l:
A. 52,08% v 47,92%
C. 37,84% v 62,16%
.c
B. 47,19% v 52,81%
D. 18,96% v 81,04%
ok
Cu 31: Hn hp A gm MgO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 . Ho tan 8g hn hp A cn 300ml
dd HCl 1M. t nng 12g hn hp A cho lung kh CO d i qua, phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 10g cht rn. % khi lng MgO trong hn hp A l:
bo
A. 25% B. 50% C. 33,33% D. 47,67%

Cu 32: Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dd cha y mol H 2 SO 4 (t l mol
et
x:y=2;5) thu c mt sp kh duy nht v dd ch cha mui sunfat Khi lng

mui st III sunfat trong dd X l:
vi
A. 80x B. 160x C. 80y D. 40y

ng
Cu 33: Cho 49,8 gam hn hp X gm Cu,Fe,Fe 2 O 3 vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 long

d,khuy u n phn ng hon ton c 2,4 gam kim loi khng tan 1,12 lt kh
thot ra v thu c dung dch Y.Cho NH 3 d vo Y ,lc kt ta ri nung trong
a
khng kh n khi lng khng i cn li 40 gam cht rn khan.% khi lng

kh
Cu trong X l :
A. 4,83% B.20,64% C.24,42% D.17.74%
Cu 34: Cho 67 gam hn hp X gm Fe 3 O 4 v kim loi A vo dung dch HNO 3
n khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,24 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca
nit ( ktc), dung dch Y v 13 gam kim loi A. Cho NH 3 d vo dung dch Y
thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 36
gam cht rn. Kim loi A l:
A. Ag B. Zn C. Ni D. Cu
Cu 35: Ha tan ht 5,2 gam hn hp cht rn X gm FeS v FeS 2 trong dd
HNO 3 va thu c V lt NO (ktc) l spkdn v dd Y ch cha 1 cht tan.Gi
tr V l:
41
A.8,96 B.2,24 C.3,36 D.4,48

Cu 36: Cho m gam hn hp Cu v Fe 2 O 3 trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 long d thu
c dung dch X v 0,328m gam cht rn khng tan. Dung dch X lm mt mu
va ht 48 ml dung dch KMnO 4 1M. Gi tr ca m l
A. 40 gam B. 43,2 gam C. 56 gam D. 48 gam
Cu 37: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, d thu
c V lt kh H 2 . Thm tip NaNO 3 vo th thy cht rn tan ht, ng thi thot
ra 1,5V lt kh NO duy nht bay ra. Th tch kh o cng iu kin. Tnh % khi
lng Cu trong hn hp X?
A. 66,7% B. 53,3% C. 64,0% D. 72,0%
Cu 38: Kh hon ton m gam oxit MxOy cn va 17,92 lit kh CO, thu c
n
a gam kim loai.Cho kim loi qua dung dich H 2 SO 4 c nng d thu c 20,16
.v
lt SO 2 ,cng thc oxit l:
A. Fe 3 O 4 B. Cr 2 O 3 C. CrO D. FeO
om
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n B .c
= n Al 0,4(mol)
=
BTE
n H2 0,6(mol)
ok

= m n Fe 0,2(mol) =
BTE
n H2 0,8(mol)
= m 28,4(gam)

n Cu = 0,1(mol)
bo
Cu 2: Chn p n C
SO24 : 0,65(mol) BaSO 4 : 0,65(mol)
et
2+ 0,32(mol) : Fe(OH) 3

2
x = 96,445
+
vi
0,4(mol)Fe 0,08(mol)O 2
0,08(mol) : Fe(OH)2
ng
Cu 3: Chn p n C
Cr + 3e Cr
+6 +3
2Cl 2e Cl 2
kh
K 2 Cr2 O7 + 14HCl 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl 2 + 7H 2 O

Cu 4. Chn p n A
Zmax khi Z=NO 2
=n 0,1(mol) = n e 0,1.3 +=
BTE
0, 2.6 1,5(mol)
12 Fe
n S = 0, 2(mol)
VNO= 2
1,5.22, 4= 33,6(lit)
Cu 5. Chn p n D
42
C 2 = C 2 2e = C 1 = C 1
+7
Mn + 3e = Mn 4 +
3.0, 04
nKMnO 4 = 0, 04 nC 2 H 4 = =0, 06 (mol)
2
Cu 6. Chn p n B
Fe : 0,05(mol) BTE Fe
3+
Fe : 0,05 + 0,01O2
0,05(mol) FeCO3
O : 0,05 O : 0,07(mol) NO2
0,05.3 = 0,07.2 + nNO2 nNO2 = 0,01(mol)
N= 0,05.3 + 0,01= 0,16(mol)
n
Cu 7 . Chn p n D
.v
CO2 : 0, 07(mol) FeCO3 : 0, 07(mol) Fe2 + : 4.0, 07 =
0,28
om
0,28
nKMnO=
4 = 0, 056 V= 56(ml)
5
Cu 8. Chn p n B .c
n FeO.Fe2 O3 = 0,1(mol)

ok
n KMnO4 = 0,036 n Fe2+ = 0,036.5 = 0,18(mol)
0,18 0,1

= BTE
n Cu = 0,04(mol) m Cu =
2,56g
bo
2
Cu 9: Chn p n B
et
H 2 O H 2 : 0,2(mol) K : a(mol)
m
NaOH H 2 : 0,35(mol) Al : b(mol)
vi
TH1: KAlO2 : a
BTE
0,2.2
= a + 3a a = 0,1(mol)
%K =
ng
41,94%
TH2
: a + 3b= 0,7 b = 0,2(mol)
BTE
Cu 10: Chn p n D
a
O 2 : a(mol)
mY = m O2 + m Cl2 = 19,85 7,6 = 12, 25 0, 2
kh
Cl2 : b(mol)
=a + b 0, 2= a 0,05(mol)

32a=+ 71b 12, 25=b 0,15(mol)
Mg : x BTE =24x + 40y 7,6 = x 0,15(mol)
7,6
Ca : y 2x + 2y
= 0,05.4 + 0,15.2 =y 0,1(mol)
Cu 11: Chn p n C
Ta dng BTE tnh lng Cl 2 thot ra
43
Cl +5 + 6e =Cl 0,02.6
n Cl= = 0,06(mol)
2Cl 2e = Cl 2 2
2
Cl 2 + 2NaBr 2NaCl + Br2

0,03 0,06 0,03
5Cl 2 + Br2 + 6H 2 O 2HBrO3 + 10HCl
Ht sc ch khi Cl 2 d :
0,03 0,006
Do : n Br2 = 0,03 0,006 = 0,024(mol) m Br2 = 3,84(gam)
Cu 12: Chn p n C
n
V =
n H2 0,3
BTE
n=
OH
0,6 =
nCl
0,5 < 0,6 do OH d
.v
m gam (Na, Ba, K)

om
Vy: 40,15 Cl : 0,5 mol =
BTKL
m 40,15 0,5.35,5 0,1.17 = 20, 7 (gam)

OH : 0,1 mol
Cu 13: Chn p n C .c
Ta s lm bi ny theo kiu t duy bo ton e.V cui cng ta thu c mui
ok
m 2,08
Fe2+ v Cu2+ do c ngay : .2 .2 3.0,07 m 4,06( gam)
56 64
bo
Mnh ngh y l bi kh n gin tuy nhin c nhiu bn li hiu rt phc tp.

Cu 14: Chn p n A
et
SO 2 + 2H 2S 3S +2H 2 O(*)
NaBr : 0, 2(mol)
2HBr + H 2SO 4 SO 2 + 2H 2 O + Br2
vi
8HI + H SO H S + 4H O + 4I NaI :1,6(mol)

2 4 2 2 2
ng
Do cht lng khng lm i mu qu nn (*) va

Cu 15: Chn p n C
a
Al : a(mol) 27a + 56b + 64c =23,4

kh
23,4 Fe : b(mol) 3a + 3b + 2c = 1,35

CDLBT
Cu : c(mol) 3a + 2b =0,9

a = 0,2(mol)

= b 0,15(mol) =%Cu 41,02%
c = 0,15(mol)

Cu 16: Chn p n D
Bi ton rt n gin chng ta ch cn BTE l s c ngay p n.Tuy nhin c
nhiu bn li hiu kh phc tp v c hai cht nhiu ZnO,Al 2 O 3 cho thm.
44
n H2 = 0,2(mol) n e+ = 0,4 = 0,04.10 = 0,4(mol) N 2
Cu 17: Chn p n B
Ngay lp tc suy ra cht rn l Fe v Al d v nu khng c Al khi m Fe = 2,8
(v l ngay)
V cng suy ra ngay Al b tan 1 phn (a mol) cht to ra l NaAlO 2 nn s
mol Na cng l a. Nhiu bn ni mnh gii tt nhng mnh khng lm tt cht no
u. Do cc bn suy ngh khng ng hng ca mnh thi. Khi c ngay:
BTE Fe : b(mol)
a=+ 3a 0,04= a 0,01 chat ran :1,66
Al : c(mol)
n
=56b + 27c 1,66 = b 0,02(mol)
.v
Al= 0,03.27= 0,81(mol)
2b + =3c 0,05.2
= 0,1 = c 0,02(mol)
om
Cu 18: Chn p n B
.c
ok
Fe : 0,005(mol) BTE 0,005.3 + 0,007.3
= n SO2 = 0,0285(mol)
S : 0,007(mol) 2
bo
S 4 + 2e S 6 +
7+ 2+

BTE
VKMnO4 = 0,228(lit)
Mn + 5e Mn
et
Ch : Bi ton ny nhiu bn lng tng v khng bit khi quy i th S c bin

thnh SO 2 ?
vi
n gin cc bn c t duy nh sau: S s nn S+6 cn SO 2 l do axit sinh ra.

Cu 19: Chn p n C
ng
D thy th nghim 1 Al cha b tan ht

Ba : a(mol) P1.
BTE
2a + 3.2.a
= 0,06.2 n Al (
phan ng
== n OH 2a )
a
m
Al : b(mol) P2
BTE
2(2a + 3b)= 0,93.2
kh
a = 0,015(mol)

b = 0,3(mol)
Cu 20: Chn p n C
Al : a(mol) NO : 0,2(mol) BTE 27a + 64b = 18,2
0,4

Cu : b(mol) SO2 : 0,2(mol) 3a + 2b= 0,2.3 + 0,2.2
a = b = 0,2(mol)
Cu 21: Chn p n B
y l bi ton BTE kh n gin.
45
7,1
= n e n=Cl
= 0,2(mol)
35,5

O : a(mol) 4a + 6b = 0,2
A 2
32a + 48b
a =

0,02(mol)
O3 : b(mol) = 40 b = 0,02(mol)
a+b
= V 0,04.22,4 = 0,896(lit)
Cu 22: Chn p n B
n KClO3 = 0,1(mol) BTE Cl + 6e Cl
+5
0,1.6
= 2a
= a 0,3(mol)
n Cl2 = a(mol) 2Cl 2e Cl 2
n
M : 9,6(gam) AgCl : 86,1(gam)
.v
30,9 107,7
Cl : 21,3(gam) Ag : 21,6(gam)
om
Nu M l Fe ta thy v l ngay. Do M l 1 kim loi ha tr 2.
9,6
p dng BTE c ngay: n e = 0,6 + 0,2 = 0,8(mol) M = = 24
0,4
Cu 23: Chn p n A
.c
Fe Fe2 + 1e = Fe3+ BTE
ok
+7 = n Fe2+ =5n KMnO4 0,05(mol)
Mn + 5e = Mn +2
0,05
bo
[ FeSO 4 ] = = 1(M)
0,05
Cu 24: Chn p n B
et
FeS :1(mol)
quy oi Fe : 2(mol) Fe 3e = Fe +3 +6
A FeS2 :1(mol) S + 2e = S+4 (SO2 )
vi

S : 4(mol) S 6e =
S+6

S :1(mol)
ng
BTE V
2.3
= + 4.6 = .2 V 336 (lit)
22,4
a
Cu 25: Chn p n D
kh
Mg : 0,14(mol) n e = 0,28(mol)
3,76
MgO : 0,01(mol)

BTNT.Mg
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0,15(mol)

23
BTKL
23 0,15.148
= n NH4 NO3 = 0,01(mol)
80

BTE
= 0, 28 0, 01.8 + 0, 02.10
N 2 : 0, 02(mol)
BTNT nito
n=
HNO3 =
nN 0,15.2 + 0, 02 + 0,=
02.2 0,36(mol)
46
Cu 26: Chn p n D
0,16
Ta c= : n H2 0,08(mol) =
BTE
n e 0,16 (mol) n OTrong
= oxit
= 0,08(mol)
2
BTKL
= m KL m Oxit =
m O 2,84 0,08.16
= 1,56(gam)
Cu 27: Chn p n C
H trong HCl di chuyn vo H 2 O v H 2 .Fe d nn mui l Fe2+.
Do , ta c:
n H+ = 0,8(mol) 0,8 0, 2
=
n H2O n=
Trong oxit
= 0,3(mol)
=
O
H
n 0, 2(mol) 2
m = 2,8gam
BTNT.Clo
FeCl2 = 0, 4(mol)
n
Fe
.v
Fe = 0, 45(mol)
om
Fe : 0, 45(mol)
Vy trong X c:
O : 0,3(mol)

=
BTE
0,= 45.3 0,3.2 + n NO2 .1=
n NO2 0,75=
V 16,8(lit)
.c
Cu 28: Chn p n A
ok
V HCl d v c Cu d nn mui l Cu2+ v Fe2+.
BTE
=
Gi s: n Fe O a(mol)=
n Fe3+ 2a(mol) n Cu
= phan ng
a(mol)
3 4
bo
CuCl2 : a(mol)
Ta c: 61,92 a =0,12(mol)
FeCl2 : 3a(mol)
et
Cu : 0,12.64 + 8,32 = 16(gam)

m= 43,84
vi
Fe3O 4 : 0,12(mol)
Cu 29: Chn p n C
ng
24 Fe : 0,12 BTE
nFe2 (=
SO4 ) = 0,06 D 0,12.3
= 2 x + 0,18.2 = x 0
400 O : x
a
khng cht ch
kh
Fe : 0,08
mD = 0,12.56 = 6,72 mT = mD + 0,06.16 = 7,68
Fe2O3 : 0,02
Cu 30: Chn p n C
Ca ( HCO3 )2 : 0,15 BTNT .Ca
CaO : 0,15
Ta c: %CaO =
37,84%
KHCO3 : 0, 2 K 2CO3 : 0,1
BTNT . K
47
Cu 31: Chn p n C
1
= = 0, 45
nHCl 0,3.1,5
BTNT . H
nO =
= n + 0, 225
2 H
12 gamA
12 10

BTKL
n=CuO , Fe2 O3
= 0,125
O
16
0,1.40

BTNT .O
n= MgO 0,1 % MgO = = 33,33%
12
Cu 32: Chn p n C
n
Fe 2 + : a CDLBT a + b =x
Ta c: 3+
= b 0,5 x
= =
m 200 x 80 y
2a + 3b =y =2,5 x
.v
Fe : b
Cu 33 : Chn p n C
om
Ch : C kim loi khng tan mui st thu c l mui Fe2+.Cu(OH) 2 to
phc (tan) trong NH 3 d.
nH 2 = 0,05 .c

Ta c: 40
nFe2O3 = = 0, 25 nFe =
ok
0,5
160

BTKL
64a + 56b + 160c = 49,8
Cu : a a = 0,19
bo

BTE 2,4
X Fe : b (a ).2 + =
2.b 2c + 0,05.2 =
b 0,098
Fe O : c 64
2 3 c = 0,2
et

BTNT.Fe
b + 2c = 0,5
0,19.64
vi
%Cu= = 24,42%
49,8
ng
Cu 34: Chn p n D
Cc kim loi u c hidroxit to phc vi NH 3 nn 36 gam cht rn l Fe 2 O 3 .
a
36
n=
Fe2 O3 = 0, 225(mol)
BTNT.Fe
n=
Fe3 O 4 0,15(mol)
160
kh
BTKL
m =
A 67 0,15.232
= 32, 2(gam) BTKL
m=
pu
A 32, 2 =
13 19, 2(gam)
19,2

BTE
= .n 0,1.3 + 0,15.2 =
A =
32n 64
A
Cu 35: Chn p n D
FeS : a(mol)
Dung dch cha 1 cht tan nn ta c : 5, 2gam X
FeS2 : b(mol)
Fe3+ : a + b
BTKL
88a + 120b = 5, 2

BTNT
2 BTDT
SO 4 : a + 2b 3(a += b) 2(a + 2b)
48
=
a =
b 0,025(mol)
BTE
9.0,025 + 15.0,025
= 3n NO
V=
0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (lt)
Cu 36: Chn p n A
Dung dch X cha Cu2+ v Fe2+.
Ta c:=n KMnO4 0,048(mol) =
BTE
n Fe2+ =
0,048.5 0,24(mol)
BTE + BTNT Fe 2 O3 : 0,12(mol)

= 0,672m 26,88 = m 40(gam)
Cu : 0,12(mol)
Cu 37: Chn p n A
Gi s V = 1mol; Fe: a mol; Cu: b mol
n
= 2a 2= a 1(mol)
%Cu =
.v
Ta c: 66,67%
=2b + a 4, 4=b 1,75(mol)
Cu 38: Chn p n A
om
0,9.2
Ta c: =
n SO2 0,9
BTE
=
nM = 0,6(mol)
3
n CO= 0,8(mol)
BTNT O
.c x 0,6 3
n OTrong Oxit= 0,8(mol) = =
y 0,8 4
Fe3O 4
ok
C. NH LUT BO TON IN TCH
Vic kt hp thun thc cc nh lut BTNT, BTE cng vi BTDT s gip ta
bo
gii c rt rt nhiu cc bi tp hay vi tc rt nhanh trong Ha Hc. u

tin cc bn cn phi hiu bn cht ca BTDT.Vy bn cht ca bo ton in tch
et
l g ?Rt n gin: Ngha l tng in tch cc ion trong dung dch hay trong mt
phn t bng 0 hay ni cch khc dung dch hay phn t lun trung ha v in.
vi
Trong phn t trung ha in v : e = p

ng
Trong dung dch trung ha in v: in tch m = in tch dng.

Trong khun kh ca bi ging ny ta ch xt cc bi ton trong dung dch.Cc
bi ton v s ht (p,n,e) s c nghin cu trong cc bi ging khc.
a
Mt s ch khi p dng BTDT:

kh
(1) Cch tnh tng s mol in tch m ,dng.Cc bn ch qua v d c th sau:

Ha tan 1 mol mui Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 vo H 2 O ta s thu c dung dch mui gm:
Al3+ : 2(mol) n=
+ = 6
2.3
2
BTNT
Vy dung dch trung ha in.
SO 4 : 3(mol) n= = 6
3.2
(2) Khi lng mui chnh l tng khi lng cc ion trong dung dch.
(3) Khi p dng BTDT thng rt hay s dng BTNT ,BTE c th cn BTKL.
(4) Vi cc dng bi ton nng cao chng ta cn lm hai bc
Xc nh tht nhanh trong dung dch gm nhng g.
49
Sau p dng n = n
+
.
(K thut ny rt hay cc bn nn trit vn dng)
By gi, chng ta s nghin cu cc v d hiu vn trn .
BI TP MU
Cu 1: Dung dch A cha: 0,15 mol Ca2+; 0,6 mol Cl-; 0,1 mol Mg2+; a mol HCO 3 -
; 0,4 mol Ba2+. C cn dung dch A c cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 90,1. B. 102,2. C. 105,5. D. 127,2.
Ca 2 + : 0,15(mol)
Cl : 0,6(mol)
n
Ta c: Mg 2 + : 0,1(mol)
Ba 2 + : 0,4(mol) HCO3 : a(mol)
.v

om

BTDT
2(0,15 + 0,1 + 0,4)
= 0,6 + a
= a 0,7(mol)
0 0
B
t
CO32
t
O n O = 0,35(mol)

=
BTKL
m 0,15.40 + 0,1.24 + 0,4.137 + 0,6.35,5 + =
0,35.16 90,1
.c 0
Ch : Nu ch c cn dung dch B th ta s c qu trnh B
t
CO32
ok
Cu 2: Mt dung dch cha hai cation l Al3+ (0,2 mol) v Fe2+ (0,1 mol). Trong
dung dch trn cn cha hai anion l Cl (x mol) v SO42 (y mol). Tm x v y bit
bo
rng c cn dung dch trn thu c 46,9 gam hn hp mui khan.

A. 0,2 v 0,3 B. 0,3 v 0,2 C. 0,5 v 0,15 D. 0,6 v 0,1
et
Al3+ : 0,2(mol)
2+
vi
x + 2y = 0,8
BTDT
Fe : 0,1(mol)
Ta c: BTKL
Cl : x(mol) 35,5x += 96y 46,9 0,2.27 0,1.56
ng
SO2 : y(mol)
4
a
x = 0,2(mol)

y = 0,3(mol)
kh
Cu 3: Dung dch A c cha: 0,05 mol SO 4 2-; 0,1 mol NO 3 -; 0,08 mol Na+; 0,05
mol H+ v K+. C cn dung dch A thu c cht rn B. Nung cht rn B n khi
lng khng i thu c cht rn C c khi lng l :
A. 15,62 gam. B. 11,67 gam . C. 12,47 gam. D. 13,17 gam.
Ta c:
BTDT
0, 05.2 =
+ 0,1 0, 08 + 0, 05 + n K + =
n K + 0, 07
50
SO24 : 0,05(mol)
t0
NO : 0,05(mol) XNO2
mC 3 mC =
11,67(gam)
+
K : 0,07(mol)
+
Na : 0,08(mol)
Cu 4: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO 4 2-, NH 4 +, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh
hai phn bng nhau : Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng
thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta; Phn hai tc dng vi lng d
dung dch BaCl 2 , thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu
c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi).
n
Ta tnh ton cc s liu vi X/2.
.v
NH 3
BTNT.N
n NH+ = 0,03(mol)
Vi phn 1 ta c: 0,5.X + NaOH
om
4
Fe(OH)3 n Fe3+ = 0,01(mol)

BTNT.Fe
Vi phn 2 ta c: 0,5.X + BaCl 2 BaSO 4

BTNT.S
n SO2 = 0,02(mol)

n Cl + =
BTDT
0,02.2 0,01.3 + 0,03.1
=
.c
n Cl 0,02(mol)
4
ok

BTKL
m X= 2 ( 0,03.18 + 0,01.56 + 0,02.96 + 0,02.35,5)= 7,46(gam)
Cu 5: C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na+, NH 4 +, CO 3 2- v SO 4 2-. Ly 100 ml dung
bo
dch X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Ly 100 ml
dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl 2 thy c 43 gam kt ta.
Ly 100 ml dung dch X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thu 4,48 lt kh
et
NH 3 (ktc). Tnh tng khi lng mui c trong 500 ml dung dch X.
vi
A.14,9 gam. B.11,9 gam. C. 86,2 gam. D. 119 gam.

Ta tnh ton s liu vi 100 ml dung dch X.
ng
100 ml X + HCl CO2

BTNT.C
n CO2 = 0,1(mol)
3
100 ml X + NaOH NH 3
n NH+ = 0,2(mol)
BTNT.N
a
BaCO3 BTNT.(C + S ) 43 0,1.197

kh
100 ml X + BaCl 2
= n SO2 = 0,1(mol)
BaSO 4 233
4

BTDT
n Na + =
+ 0,2 0,1.2 + 0,1.2 =
n Na + 0,2(mol)

=
BTKL
m X 5 ( 0,1.60 + 0,2.18 + 0,1.96 +
= 0,2.23) 119(gam)
Cu 6: Dung dch X cha cc ion sau: Al3+, Cu2+, SO 4 2- v NO 3 -. kt ta ht
ion SO 4 2- c trong 250 ml dung dch X cn 50 ml dung dch BaCl 2 1M. Cho 500
ml dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 d th c 7,8 gam kt ta. C cn
500 ml dung dch X c 37,3 gam hn hp mui khan. Nng mol/l ca NO 3 -
l:
51
A. 0,2M. B. 0,3M. C. 0,6M. D. 0,4M.

Ta s x l s liu vi 500 ml dung dch X.
X + BaCl 2 BaSO 4
BTNT.S
= = 0,1(mol)
n SO2 0,05.2.1
4
X + NH 3 Al ( OH )3
n Al3+ = 0,1(mol)
BTNT.Al

BTKL
0,1.96 + 0,1.27 + 64n Cu2+ + 62n NO =
37,3 64n Cu2+ + 62n NO =
25
3 3

2.n Cu2+ +=
BTDT
0,1.3 0,1.2 + n NO n NO 2.n
= Cu2+
0,1(mol)
3 3
n NO = 0,3
3 NO3 =
0,6(M)
n = 0,1
n
Cu2+
.v
Cu 7: Dung dch E cha cc ion Mg2+, SO 4 2-, NH 4 +, Cl-. Chia dung dch E ra 2
phn bng nhau: Cho phn I tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c
om
0,58 gam kt ta v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Phn II tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d,
c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch E bng:
A. 6,11gam. B. 3,055 gam.
C. 5,35 gam. D. 9,165 gam.
.c
Ta s i tnh ton vi 0,5.E
ok
Mg(OH)2 BTNT.Mg
n Mg2+ = 0,01(mol)

Vi phn I : 0,5E + NaOH
NH 3 n NH+ = 0,03(mol)
BTNT.N
bo
Vi phn II: 0,5E + BaCl 2 BaSO 4

BTNT.S
n SO2 = 0,02(mol)
et

0,01.2=
BTDT
+ 0,03 0,02.2 + n Cl =
n Cl 0,01(mol)
vi

=
BTKL
m E 2 ( 0,01.24 + 0,03.18 + 0,02.96 + =
0,01.35,5) 6,11(gam)
ng
Cu 8: (KA-2007) Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS 2 v a mol Cu 2 S

vo axit HNO 3 (va ), thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh
duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l:
a
A. 0,04. B. 0,075. C. 0,12. D. 0,06.

kh
Fe3+ : 0,12(mol)
FeS 2 : 0,12(mol) BTNT 2 +
Ta c: Cu : 2a(mol)
Cu 2 S : a(mol) SO2 : 0,24 + a (mol)
4

BTDT
0,12.3 +=
2a.2 (0,24 + a).2=
a 0,06(mol)
Cu 9: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 v Fe 3 O 4 bng 1 lt dung dch HNO 3
xM, va thu c 14,336 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO 2 c t khi so vi
hiro bng 18 v dung dch X ch cha 82,08 gam mui. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,4M B. 2 M C. 1,36 M D. 1,2 M
52
Ta c :
Fe3+ : a + 3b
FeS2 : a(mol) NO : 0, 4(mol)

BTNT
X SO 24 : 2a v
Fe3O 4 : b(mol) NO 2 : 0, 24(mol)
NO3 : c
BTE
15
= a + b 0, 4.3 + 0,
= 24.1 1, 44
BTDT
p dng cc LBT: 3a + = 9b 4a + c
BTKL
56(a + 3b) + 2a.96 + 62c = 82,08
n
a= b= 0,09(mol) BTNT.Nito

.v
N= c + 0, 4 + 0, 24= 1,36 x = 1,36(M)
c = 0,72(mol)
om
Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 0,1 mol FeS 2 trong 200 ml dung dch HNO 3 4M, sn
phm thu c gm dung dch X v mt cht kh thot ra. Dung dch X c th ha
tan ti a m gam Cu. Bit trong cc qu trnh trn, sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5
u l NO. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,8. B. 6,4. C. 9,6.
.c D. 3,2.
ok
Ta = =
c: n FeS2 0,1(mol) n e 1,5(mol)
=
BTE
n NO 0,5(mol)

BTNT.Fe
Fe3+ : 0,1(mol)
bo
BTNT.S
SO 24 : 0, 2(mol)
dd X c BTNT.N
NO3 : 0,8 0,5 = 0,3(mol)
et
+
H : a(mol)
vi

BTDT
a +=
0,1.3 0, 2.2 + 0,3=
a 0, 4(mol)
ng
Fe3+ : 0,1(mol)
BTE
Cu : 0,05(mol)
H + : 0, 4(mol)
a

BTE
Cu : 0,15(mol)
NO3 : 0,3(mol)
kh
n Cu =0,15 + 0,05 =0, 2 m Cu =0, 2.64 =12,8(gam)

Cu 11: (H A-2010) Dung dch X cha: 0,07 mol Na+; 0,02 mol SO 4 2 v x mol
OH-. Dung dch Y c cha ClO 4 -, NO 3 - v y mol H+; tng s mol ClO 4 - v NO 3 - l
0,04. Trn X v Y c 100ml dung dch Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li
ca nc) l
A. 2 B. 12 C. 13 D. 1

= 0,07 0,02.2 +=
x x 0,03(mol)
BTDT
Ta c: BTDT
y = 0,04
53
n du
H+
= 0,04 0,03 = 0,01(mol)
0,01
H + = = 0,1 =101 PH =1
0,1
Cu 12: (H A-2010) Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na+; 0,003 mol Ca2+;
0,006 mol Cl-; 0,006 mol HCO 3 - v 0,001 mol NO 3 -. loi b ht Ca2+ trong X
cn mt lng va dung dch cha a(g) Ca(OH) 2 . Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,444 B. 0,222 C. 0,180 D. 0,120
a
Khi cho thm a gam Ca(OH) 2 vo X ta c : n= Ca 2+
0,003 +
74
2.a
n
V va ht Ca2+ nn: n= Ca 2+
n=
CO32
=
phan ung
n HCO n=
OH
(mol)
3
74
.v
2.a a
= 0,003 + = a 0,222(gam)
om
74 74
Cu 13: C 109,4 gam hn hp X gm Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, Fe 3 O 4 , c chia thnh 2
phn bng nhau . Phn 1, phn ng vi HCl d, thu c 112,45 gam hn hp
mui khan. Phn 2 , phn ng vi lng va dung dch long cha HCl v
.c
H 2 SO 4 , thu c 126,2 gam hn hp mui khan . S mol H 2 SO 4 phn ng l:
ok
A. 0,60. B. 0,55. C. 1,05. D. 0,80.
KL : m gam
Trong mi phn c: 54,7 gam BTDT
O : a mol n dien tch = 2a

bo
KL : m (gam)
Vi phn 1: 112,45 BTDT
et
= n Cl =
n die

n tch
2a
vi
BTKL =m + 16a 54,7 = m 37,9(gam)

m + 2a.35,5
= 112,45 =
a 1,05(mol)
ng
KL : 37,9 (gam)

Vi phn 2: 126,2 Cl : x(mol)
a
SO2 : y(mol)
kh
4
37,9 + 35,5x + 96y = 126,2 x = 1(mol)
BTKL
BTDT
= x + 2y = n die

n tch
2.1,05 y = 0,55(mol)
Cu 14: Hp th ht V lt CO 2 ( ktc) bi dung dch c cha 0,17 mol KOH v
0,22 mol Ba(OH) 2 ta thu c 41,37 gam kt ta . Gi tr ca V l :
A. 8,96 . B. 11,2 C. 6,72. D. 10,08 .
54
n = 0,17 + 0,22.2 =0,61(mol) n die

=0,61(mol)
n tch
OH
Ta c:=n n= BaCO3
0,21(mol)

n Ba2+ = 0,22(mol)
D thy trng hp n CO2 = 0,21 loi ngay v cc p n u ln hn 0,21.
CO2 : 0,21(mol) BTDT

Do ta s c: 3 0,21.2
= + a 0,61=
a 0,19(mol)
HCO3 : a(mol)
=
BTNT.C
V (0,19 + 0,21).22,4
= 8,96(lit)
n
BI TP LUYN TP
.v
Cu 1: Dung dch X gm NaOH x mol/l v Ba(OH) 2 y mol/l v dung dch Y gm
NaOH y mol/l v Ba(OH) 2 x mol/l. Hp th ht 0,04 mol CO 2 vo 200 ml dung
om
dch X, thu c dung dch M v 1,97 gam kt ta. Nu hp th ht 0,0325 mol
CO 2 vo 200 ml dung dch Y th thu c dung dch N v 1,4775 gam kt ta.
Bit hai dung dch M v N phn ng vi dung dch KHSO 4 u sinh ra kt ta
.c
trng, cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l:
A. 0,1 v 0,075. B. 0,05 v 0,1.
ok
C. 0,075 v 0,1. D. 0,1 v 0,05.
Cu 2: Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch X cha NaOH 1M, KOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2
bo
1M sau khi hp th ht 3,584 lt CO 2 ( ktc) th thu c dung dch Y c khi

lng gim 0,84 gam so vi khi lng dung dch X (bit hi nc bay hi khng
ng k)?
et
A. 80 ml. B. 60 ml. C. 50 ml. D. 100 ml.

Cu 3: Sc 2,016 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung
vi
dch A . Rt thm 200 ml dd gm BaCl 2 0,15M v Ba(OH) 2 xM thu c 5,91 gam

ng
kt ta. Tip tc nung nng th thu tip m gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca x v m l:

A. 0,1 v 3,94. B. 0,1 v 1,97.
a
C. 0,05 v 3,94. D. 0,05 v 1,97.

Cu 4: Mt dung dch cha 0,02 mol Cu2+; 0,03 mol K+, x mol Cl- v y mol SO 4 2-.
kh
Tng khi lng cc mui tan c trong dung dch l 5,435 gam. Gi tr ca x v y
ln lt l:
A. 0,03 v 0,02 B. 0,05 v 0,01
C. 0,01 v 0,03 D. 0,02 v 0,05
Cu 5: Dung dich X co cha 5 ion: Mg , Ba2+, Ca2+, 0,1 mol Cl- va 0,2 mol NO 3 -.
2+
Thm dn V lit dung dich K 2 CO 3 1,5M vao X n khi thu c lng kt ta ln

nht. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,15 B. 0,3 C. 0,1 D. 0,25
55
Cu 6: Cho 400 ml dung dch E gm AlCl 3 x mol/lt v Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 y mol/lt tc

dng vi 612 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c
8,424 gam kt ta v dung dch F. Mt khc, khi cho 400 ml E tc dng vi dung
dch BaCl 2 (d) th thu c 33,552 gam kt ta. Gi tr x + y l:
A. 0,43 B. 0,23 C. 0,33 D. 0,53
Cu 7: Cho 4,08 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch hn hp Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v H 2 SO 4
un nng, khuy u n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,thu c dung dch A v
0,896 lt hn hp kh B (ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha
nu ngoi khng kh v 1,76 gam hn hp hai kim loi c cng s mol.Bit t khi
hi ca B i vi H 2 l 8.Khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch A l:
n
A.23,8 B.39,16 C.19,32 D.21,44
Cu 8: Cho Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H2 SO4 c nng thu c kh SO2 (sn
.v
phm kh duy nht) v 8,28 gam mui. Bit s mol Fe bng 37,5% s mol H 2 SO 4
phn ng. S mol Fe tham gia phn ng l:
om
A. 0,05. B. 0,04. C. 0,035. D. 0,045.
Cu 9: Cho 5 gam bt Mg vo dung dch hn hp KNO 3 v H 2 SO 4 , un nh,
trong iu kin thch hp, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch
.c
A cha m gam mui; 1,792 lt hn hp kh B ( ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, trong
c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh v cn li 0,44 gam cht rn khng tan.
ok
Bit t khi hi ca B i vi H 2 l 11,5. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 27,96. B. 29,72 C. 31,08. D. 36,04.
bo
Cu 10: Hn hp A gm FeS 2 v Cu 2 S. Ha tan hon ton m gam A bng dung

dch HNO 3 c, nng, thu c 26,88 lt (ktc) kh X l sn phm kh duy nht v
et
dung dch B ch cha 2 mui. Khi lng ca Cu 2 S trong hn hp u l:

vi
Cu 11: Cho 0,64 gam S tan hon ton trong 150 gam dung dch HNO 3 63%, un
nng thu c kh NO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Hy cho bit
ng
dung dch X c th ho tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu (Bit sn phm kh duy nht
l NO):
a

kh
Cu 12: Cho m g bt Fe vo 200 ml dd hh A cha H 2 SO 4 1M, Fe(NO 3 ) 3 0,5M v

CuSO 4 0,25M. Khuy u cho n khi p kt thc thu c 0,85m g hn hp cht
rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 72g B. 53,33g C. 74,67g D. 32,56g
Cu 13: Cho hn hp gm (0,02 mol Cu 2 S; 0,01 mol Fe 3 C; x mol FeS 2 ) tc dng
vi dung dch HNO 3 va , sau phn ng thu c dung dch ch cha mui
sunfat v V lt hn hp kh (kc). Bit NO 2 l sn phm kh duy nht. Vy gi tr
ca V l:
A.6,496 lt B.47,712 lt C.51,296 lt D.51,072 lt
Cu 14: Ho tan 5,4 gam bt Al vo 150 ml dung dch A cha Fe(NO 3 ) 3 1M v
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1M. Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam rn. Gi tr ca m l
56
A. 10,95 B. 13,20 C. 13,80 D. 15,20

Cu 15: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 0,24 mol v Cu 2 S vo dung dch
HNO 3 va thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v V lt kh NO
(ktc) duy nht . Gi tr ca V l:
A. 34,048 B. 35,84 C. 31,36 D. 25,088
Cu 16: Nung mt thanh Mg vo dung dch cha 0,6 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,05 mol
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra v cn li th thy khi lng
thanh tng 11,6 gam. Khi lng Mg phn ng l:
A. 6,96 gam B. 21 gam C. 20,88 gam D. 2,4 gam
Cu 17: Ly 3,93 gam hn hp X gm Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 v M 2 SO 4 (M l kim loi kim)
tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d thu c 6,99 gam kt ta. Xc nh thnh phn
n
% v khi lng ca M 2 SO 4 trong hn hp X
.v
A. 32,52 B. 25,19 C. 10,84 D. 8,40
om
Cu 18: Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 45g vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,5 M. Sau
1 thi gian ly thanh nhm ra cn thy nng 46,38g . Khi lng Cu thot ra l:
A.2,56 B.1,92 C.2,24 D.3,2
.c
Cu 19: Cho 0,2 mol Zn vo dd X gm 0,2mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , 0,1 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v
0,1mol AgNO 3 . Khi lng rn thu c sau khi p kt thc l:
ok
A.10,8g B.14,2g C.19,5g D.14g
+ - 2-
Cu 20: Dung dch Y c cha cc ion: NH 4 , NO 3 , SO 4 . Cho dd Y tc dng vi
lng d dd Ba(OH) 2 , un nng thu c 11,65 gam kt ta v 4,48 lt kh (ktc).
bo
Nu cho m gam dung dch Y cho tc dng vi mt lng bt Cu d v H 2 SO 4

long d sinh ra V lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
et
A. 1,49. B. 1,87. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.

vi
P N CHI TIT
ng
Cu 1: Chn p n B
Do M,N tc dng vi KHSO 4 c kt ta trng Ba2+ (d) mui trong M,N
a
l mui HCO 3
OH : 0, 2x + 0, 4y (mol) ddM
kh
0,04.CO 2 + 0, 2X 2+
Ba : 0, 2y(mol) n = 0,01(mol)
Na + : 0, 2 x

Trong M c Ba 2+ : 0, 2 y 0,01
BTNT .cacbon
HCO3 : 0,04 0,01 = 0,03

BTDT
0, 2 x + 0, 4 y 0,02 = 0,03
57
OH : 0, 2 y + 0, 4 x ddN
0,0325.CO2 + 0, 2 X 2+
Ba : 0, 4 x n = 0,0075
Na + : 0, 2y(mol)

Trong N c Ba 2+ : 0, 4x 0,0075 (mol)
BTNT.cacbon
HCO3 : 0,0325 0,0075 = 0,03(mol)

BTDT
0, 2y + 0,8x 0,015 = 0,025
Gii h ta c ngay: x = 0,05 (mol) ; y = 0,1 (mol)
Cu 2: Chn p n C
n
n CO2 = 0,16(mol)
.v
n = 0,04 < n Ba
min
2+
m= 0,84= m 0,16.44
om
do trong dung dch ch c HCO3

BTNT.cac bon
HCO3 : 0,16 0,04 = 0,12(mol)
Na + : V
Na + : V
+
.c
+ K : V
ok
X K : V Y 2 +
Ba 2 + : V Ba : V 0,04

HCO3 : 0,12
bo

BTDT
V + V + 2(V 0,04)
= 0,12 =
V 0,05
et
Cu 3: Chn p n D
CO32 : 0,1 0,09 =
OH :0,1
0,01(mol)
vi
=
n CO2 0,09(mol)
HCO3 : 0,08(mol)
ng
V un nng li c kt ta nn
BaCO3 : 0,03(mol)
2+
a
Ba : 0,2x(mol)

BTNT
+
kh
Na : 0,1(mol)
HCO : 0,06(mol) Cl : 0,06(mol)
3

BTDT
0,2x.2 =
+ 0,1 0,12=
x 0,05(mol)
Ba 2 + : 0,2x = 0,01(mol)
t0 2
BaCO3 : 0,01 m =
1,97(gam)
2HCO3 CO3 + CO2 + H 2 O
Cu 4: Chn p n A
58

BTDT
0, 02.2 + 0, 03
= x + 2y =x 0, 03(mol)
Ta c: BTKL
0, 02.64 + 0, 03.39 + 35,5x + 96y = 5, 435 y = 0, 02(mol)
Cu 5: Chn p n C
Cl : 0,1(mol) BTDT
Ta c: n die
=
n tch
n die
= +
n tch
0,3
NO3 : 0,2(mol)

BTDT 0,15
n CO2 = 0,15(mol) V= = 0,1(lit)
3 1,5
Cu 6: Chn p n C
Bi ton ny c nhiu cch gii.Tuy nhin,mnh s dng BTDT gii .
n
n = 0,612(mol)
.v
Ta c : OH Kt ta b tan 1 phn.
n Al(OH)3 = 0,108(mol)
om
=n Al3+ 0,4(x + 2y)
Trong 0,4 lt E s c:
=
n SO 2 0,4.3.y
BaCl 2
1,2.y
.c= = n 0,144
= y 0,12
4
Al(OH)3 : 0,108
Ta li c:=
n Al3+ 0,4(x + 2y)
BTNT.Al

ok

AlO2 : 0,4(x + 2y) 0,108
AlO2 : 0,4(x + 2.0,12) 0,108 (mol)
bo

Cl : 0,4.3x(mol)
Vy trong F c:
2
SO 4 : 0,4.3.0,12(mol)
et
Na + : 0,612(mol)

vi

BTDT
0,4(x + 2.0,12) 0,108 + 0,4.3x + 2.0,4.3.0,12 = 0,612
ng
x= 0,21(mol)
Cu 7: Chn p n C
Mg : 0,02(mol) BTNT.Mg
a
Ta c: 1,76 gam n Mg
phan ng
= 0,15(mol)
Cu : 0,02(mol)
kh

n e =
0,3(mol)
H : 0,02(mol)
V M B = 16 B 2 n e+ =
0,1(mol)
NO : 0,02(mol)
0,3 0,02.2 0,02.3
=
BTE
NH +4 = 0,02(mol)
8
59
Mg 2 + : 0,15

Vy dung dch A cha : SO 24 : a
BTDT
0,15.2 + 0,02
= 2a =
a 0,16(mol)
+
NH 4 : 0,02
=
BTKL
m(Mg 2+ ,SO24 , NH +4 ) 19,32(gam)
mA =
Cu 8: Chn p n D
2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + H 2 O
Ta c: Fe2+ : a(mol)
Fe3+ : b(mol)

n
= a + b 0,375(2a + 3b)
a = 0, 015(mol)
.v
BTKL 2a + 3b n Fe =
0, 045(mol)
56(a + b) + 96. = 8, 28 b = 0, 03(mol)
2
om
Cu 9: Chn p n C
5
Ta c: n Mg = = 0,19 n e = 0,38(mol)
24 .c
V M B = 23
ok
NO : 0,06(mol) 0,38 0,06.3 0,02.2
B =
BTE
n NH+ = 0,02(mol)
H 2 : 0,02(mol) 4
8
bo
Ch : C kh H 2 bay ra chng t trong dung dch khng cn NO3

Vy dung dch A c:
et
Mg 2 + : 0,19(mol)
BTNT.N
K + : 0,02 + 0,06= 0,08(mol)
vi
+
NH 4 : 0,02(mol)
ng
SO 2 : a
BTDT
0,19.2 + 0,08 + 0,02
= 2 =
4 a 0, 24(mol)

BTKL
m(Mg 2+ , NH 4+ ,SO24 , K + ) 31,08(gam)
m =
a
Cu 10: Chn p n D
kh
15a + 10b = 1, 2

Fe : a
3+
FeS2 : a(mol)
Ta c: 2+
Cu 2S : b(mol) B Cu : 2b
BTDT
3a + =
4b 4a + 2b
SO 2 : 2a + b
4
a = 0,06(mol)
m Cu2=
S = 4,8(gam)
0,03.160
b = 0,03(mol)
Cu 11: Chn p n B
60
= n S 0,02(mol) =
BTE
n NO2 0,12(mol)
Ta c :
n HNO3 = 1,5(mol)

BTNT.S
SO 24 : 0,02(mol)
BTNT.N
X NO3 :1,38(mol)
+
H : a a = 1, 42(mol)
BTDT
1, 42.3
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O n=
+
e = 1,065
4
1,065

BTE
= n Cu = 0,5325 = = 34,08(gam)
m Cu 0,5325.64
n
2
.v
Cu 12: Chn p n A
V kt thc phn ng ta thu c (Fe v Cu).
om
n 2+ = x(mol)
Fe
Nn dung dch sau phn ng =
c: n SO2 0, 25(mol) =
BTDT
x 0,35(mol)
.c
4
n NO3 = 0, 2(mol)
ok

BTKL
m + 0,1.56 + 0,05.64
= 0,85m + 0,35.56
= m 72(gam)
Cu 13: Chn p n C
bo
Fe3+ 0,03 + x

V dung dch ch cha mui sunfat nn trong dung dch s c: Cu 2 + 0,04
et
2
SO4 0,02 + 2 x
vi

BTDT
3.(0,03 + x) +=
0,04.2 2(0,02 + 2x)
= x 0,13(mol)
= n NO2 0,02.10 + 0,01.13 +=
ng
BTE
0,13.15 2, 28(mol)
NO 2 : 2, 28(mol)
V= 51, 296(lit)
a
CO 2 : 0,01(mol)
kh
Cu 14: Chn p n C
n Al( NO3 )3 = 0, 2(mol)
Ta c: =n NO 0,75 BTDT

n Fe( NO3 )2 = 0,075(mol)
3

=
BTKL
m 0,15.64 + 0,075.56
= 13,8(gam)
Cu 15: Chn p n B
FeS 2 : 0,24(mol)
Ta c:
Cu 2 S : a(mol)
V X ch c mui sunfat:
61
Fe3+ : 0, 24(mol)

X Cu 2 + : 2a(mol)
BTDT
0, 24.3=
+ 2.2a 2(0, 48 + =
a) a 0,12(mol)
2
SO 4 : 0, 48 + a(mol)
FeS 2 : 0,24 BTE
0,24.15 + 0,12.10= 3.n NO
Cu 2 S : 0,12
=
n NO 1,6(mol)
= V 35,84(lit)
Cu 16: Chn p n B
n
Mg 2 + : a(mol)

.v
Ta c:
= NO3 1,9(mol) Fe 2 + : b(mol)

om
NO3 :1,9(mol)

BTDT
2a + 2b = 1,9 a = 0,875(mol)

11,6 b = 0,075(mol)
0,05.64 + (0,6 b).56 24a = .c
m=Mg = 21(gam)
0,875.24
ok
Cu 17: Chn p n D
6,99
Ta c:=
n n= = 0,03(mol)
bo
SO2 4
233
Fe3+ : a(mol)

et
Dung dch X cha M + : b(mol)

2
vi
SO 4 : 0,03(mol)
ng
M : Li

BTDT
3a + b = 0,03.2 Thu a p a n
BTKL b = 0,006
56a + Mb + 0,03.96 = 3,93 a = 0,018
a

kh
0,006 (7.2 + 96)

%Li=
2 SO 4 . = 8,4%
2 3,93
Cu 18: Chn p n B
Dung dch sau phn ng c:
SO 24 : 0,1(mol)
3+
BTDT
3a + 2b = 0, 2
Al : a(mol) BTKL
2+ 64(0,1 b) 27a = 1,38
Cu : b(mol)
62
a = 0,02(mol)
m Cu = 0,03.64= 1,92(gam)
b = 0,07(mol)
Cu 19: Chn p n D
Zn 2 + : 0, 2(mol)
Ag : 0,1(mol)
Ta c: n NO3
0,9(mol) dd Fe 2 + : 0, 2(mol)
=
2+ Cu : 0,05(mol)
Cu : 0,05(mol)
=
m 0,1.108 + 0,05.64
= 14(gam)
n
Cu 20: Chn p n C
.v
n NH
= 0, 2
BTNT.Nito
NH +4 : 0, 2(mol)
3
Cu / H +
= 0, 05
BTNT.S
SO24 : 0, 05(mol) 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
om
n BaSO 4
BTDT
NO3 : 0,1(mol)
=
n NO 0,1(mol) =
V 2,24(lit) .c
ok
D. NH LUT BO TON KHI LNG
Trong gii bi tp ha hc hu ht cc bi ton u lin quan ti khi lng. Do
bo
,vic ta p dng nh lut BTKL trong ha hc l rt ph bin. Bn cht ca

nh lut rt n gin l
khi lng (*) trc phn ng = khi lng (*) sau phn ng.
et
Khi lng (*) y c th l :

Khi lng ca 1 hoc vi nguyn t.
vi
Khi lng cc cht trc v sau phn ng.

ng
Khi lng ca hp cht bng tng khi lng cc nguyn t:

mCx H y Oz Nt = mC + mH + mO + mN
a
Khi lng mui bng tng khi lng cc ion trong dung dch.
kh
Vn ng ch l vic gii bi tp ha hc thng rt him khi p dng n

thun nh lut BTKL v n qu n iu.Nn trong a s cc bi ton ta cn phi
kt hp linh hot nh lut BTKL vi cc nh lut bo ton khc.
Chng ta s lm r cc vn trn qua cc bi tp v d sau:
BI TP MU
Cu 1 : Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic mch h, no, n
chc bng dung dch NaOH, c cn c 5,2 g mui khan .Nu t chy 3,88 g X
th cn th tch O 2 (ktc) l:
63
A.3,36 B.2,24 C.5,6 D.6,72

y l bi ton kh n gin. C nhiu cch lm bi ny, tuy nhin mnh s
dng cc LBT gii quyt n.
5, 2 3,88
V axit n chc nn ta =
c: n X n= RCOONa = 0,06(mol)
22
C : a

nO Trong X
=
0,12(mol) X H : 2a BTKL
14a + 0,12.16 = 3,88
O : 0,12

CO 2 : 0,14(mol)
= a 0,14(mol)
BTNT

n
H 2 O : 0,14(mol)
.v
0,14.3 0,12

BTNT.O
=
n OPhan ung
= 0,15(mol) = V 3,36(lit)
2
2
om
Cu 2: Nung 14,38 g hn hp KClO 3 v KMnO 4 1 thi gian c hn hp cht
rn A nng 12,46 gam v V lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Cho dd HCl c d vo A n
khi cc phn ng kt thc thy c 3,36 lt kh (ktc) thot ra (cho rng cc kh to
.c
thnh u thot ht khi dd). Thnh phn % khi lng ca KMnO 4 trong hn hp
ban u bng:
ok
A.60% B.65,9% C.42,8% D.34,1%
KClO3 : a(mol) 14,38 12, 46
bo
Ta c:
=BTKL
n O2 = 0,06(mol)
KMnO 4 : b(mol) 32
122,5
= a + 158b = a 0,04(mol )
BTKL
et
14,38
BTE % KMnO4 = 65,9%
=6a + 5a 0,06.4 + 0,15.2 b = 0,06(mol )
vi
Cu 3: Hn hp rn X gm FeO v Fe 3 O 4 c t l mol 2:1. Dn kh CO i qua m

ng
gam X nung nng thu c 20 gam hn hp rn Y. Ha tan ht Y vo dung dch

H 2 SO 4 c nng, d thu c 5,6 lt SO 2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr
ca m l:
a
A. 22,56 B. 24,08 C. 20,68 D. 24,44

kh
Fe : 5a
FeO : 2a(mol) BTKL
Ta c: 20 20 5a.56
Fe3O 4 : a(mol) O : 16
20 5a.56

BTE
= 3.5a 0, 25.2 + =.2 a 0,06(mol)
16
Cu 4: Nhit phn 48,1 gam hn hp rn X gm KMnO 4 , MnO 2 , KCl mt thi
gian thu c 46,82 gam hn hp rn Y. Ha tan hon ton Y trong V lt dung
dch HCl 1,6M un nng thu c dung dch Z ch cha cc mui c cng nng
mol v 11,872 lt kh Cl 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
64
A. 1,2 B. 1,4 C. 1,0 D. 1,1

48,1 46,82
Ta c: =

BTKL
n O = 0,08(mol)
16
KMnO 4 : a(mol)

Khi ta li c: MnO 2 : b(mol)
KCl : c(mol)

BTKL
158a + 87b= + 74,5c =48,1 a 0,1(mol)

n KCl = n MnCl2 a + c = a + b b = 0, 2(mol)
BTE c = 0, 2(mol)
0,53.2
= 5a + 2b + 0,08.2
n
.v

BTNT.Clo
0, 2 + 1,6V
= 0,1
+ 0,2 + 2(0,1 + 0, 2) + 0,53.2 V
= 1,1(lit)

KCl MnCl2 Cl2
om
Cu 5: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch A cha H 2 SO 4 1M, Fe(NO 3 ) 3
0,5M v CuSO 4 0,25M. Khuy u cho n khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c
0,85m gam hn hp cht rn v dung dch B. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 72 g B. 53,33 g
.c
C. 74,67 g D. 32,56 g
: Sau cc phn ng c cht rn (Fe v Cu) nn mui thu c ch l mui Fe2+.
ok
n 2+ = x(mol)
Fe
=
Khi dung dch A s gm n SO24 0, 25(mol) = x 0,35(mol)
bo
BTDT

n NO3 = 0, 2(mol)
et
BT m(Fe,Cu )
m + 0,1.56 + 0,05.64
= 0,85m + 0,35.56= m 72(gam)
vi
Cu 6: Cho 3.2 gam Cu tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp HNO 3 0.8M v

H 2 SO 4 0.2M, sn phm kh duy nht l kh NO. S gam mui khan thu c l:
ng
A. 7,90 B. 8,84 C. 5,64 D. 10,08

Mun tnh khi lng mui khan ta cn phi bit sau cc phn ng dung dch
a
cha cc ion g? S mol l bao nhiu?

n= 0, 05(mol) n =
kh
max
0,1(mol)
Cu e
Trc ht ta c: n H+ 0,12(mol)
= 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O

n NO3 = 0, 08(mol)
D thy H+ thiu ne =
0,09
Cu 2 + : 0,045(mol)

dung dch sau phn ng gm NO3 : 0,08 0,03 =
0,05(mol)
2
SO 4 : 0,02(mol)
65

=
BTKL
m 0,045.64
+ 0,05.62
+=
0,02.96
7,9(gam)
Cu 2+ NO3 SO 24
Cu 7: Cracking 6,72 lt C 4 H 10 (ktc) mt thi gian th thu c hh X gm cc

anken, ankan v H 2 .Cho X i qua dd Br 2 d th khi lng bnh Br 2 tng ln 11,2
gam v c kh Y bay ra khi bnh. t chy Y th cn V lt kh O 2 ktc.Gi tr ca
V l:
A.8,96 B.16,8 C.17,92 D.15,68
n C = 1, 2(mol)
Ta c: 0,3 mol C4 H10
BTNT

n H = 3(mol)
n
V cng thc chung ca anken l C n H 2n nn ta s c:
n C = a(mol)
.v
11, 2 gam anken
BTKL
12a = + 2a 11, 2 =
a 0,8(mol)
H
n = 2a(mol)
om
n C =1, 2 0,8 = 0, 4 O2 n CO2 = 0, 4(mol)
Vy trong Y c:
BTKL
Y
n H =3 0,8.2 = 1, 4 n H2O = 0,7(mol)
.c
n Opu2= 0,75 V= 16,8(lit)
ok
Cu 8: t chay hoan toan m gam ancol n chc A c 6,6 gam CO 2 va 3,6
gam H 2 O. Gia tri m la:
bo
A. 10,2 gam. B. 2 gam.

C. 2,8 gam. D. 3 gam.
n CO = 0,15(mol)
et
Ta c: 2
n H2 O = 0,2(mol)
vi
Ancol n chc
n ancol
= n OTrong ancol
= n H O n CO =0,2 0,15 =0,05(mol)
ng
2 2

=m
BTKL
m(C,H,O)
= 0,15.12 + 0,2.2 + =
0,05.16 3(gam)
a
Cu 9: Hn hp kh X gm CH 4 , C 2 H 2 c M tb X = 23,5. Trn V (lt) X vi V 1 (lt)

hirocacbon Y c 107,5g hh kh Z. Trn V 1 (lt) X vi V (lt) hirocacbon Y
kh
c 91,25g hh kh F. Bit V 1 V = 11,2 (lt) (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc ca

Y l:
A. C 3 H 8 B. C 3 H 6 C. C 4 H 8 D. C 2 H 6
CH : a mol
ng cheo
Ta c: VX 4 V=
1
4a + 0,5 (mol)
C2 H 2 : b mol
CH 4 : a CH 4 : a + 0,125

Ta li c: 107,5 Z C2 H 2 : 3a 91, 25 F C2 H 2 : 3a + 0,375
Y : 4a + 0,5 Y : 4a

66

BTKL
=
m mZ =
mF 16,=
25 0,5Y 11,75
= Y 56
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 25,3 gam hn hp X gm RCOOH, C 2 H 3 COOH, v
(COOH) 2 thu c m gam H 2 O v 15,68 lt CO 2 (ktc). Mt khc, 25,3 gam hn
hp X phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO 3 d thu c 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO 2 . Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 7,2 B. 8,1 C. 10,8 D. 9
n CO = 0,7 m C = 8, 4
Ta c: 2
BTKL
25,3(gam)
a + b + 2c= 0,5 m O = 16
0,9
= m(C, H,O) = m H 0,9(gam) BTNT.H
=m H2O = .18 8,1(gam)
n
2
Cu 11: Cho 0,15 mol este X mch h vo 150 gam dung dch NaOH 8%, un
.v
nng phn ng thu phn este xy ra hon ton thu c 165 gam dung dch Y.
om
C cn dung dch Y thu c 22,2 gam cht rn khan. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu
CTCT tho mn?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 1 D. 2
n este = 0,15

.c
Ta c: 150.8
BTKL
m= 165 150
= 15 M= 100
ok
este X
= n
NaOH = 0,3
100.40
NaOH : 0,15
bo
22,2 =
BTKL
22,2 0,15(40 + R + 44 + 23)
RCOONa : 0,15
=
CH CH CH 2 COOCH 3
et
R = 41 C 3 H 5 X : CH 3 CH =
CHCOOCH 3
vi
CH 2 = C ( CH 3 ) COOCH 3
ng
Cu 12: Ha tan hon ton 74 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 bng dung

dch H 2 SO 4 long d sinh ra 178 gam mui sunfat. Nu cng cho 74 gam hn hp
X trn phn ng vi lng d kh CO nhit cao v dn sn phm kh qua
a
dung dch nc vi trong d th khi lng (gam) kt ta to thnh l bao nhiu?

kh
(cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)

A. 130 B. 180 C. 150 D. 240
Bi ton kh n gin v c nhiu cch gii:
Cch 1:
FeO : a(mol) FeSO 4 : a(mol)
74 gam
BTNT.Fe

Fe2 O3 : b(mol) Fe2 ( SO 4 )3 : b(mol)

BTKL
=
72a + 160b = 74 a 0,25(mol)
BTKL
152a + 400b = 178 b = 0,35(mol)
67

BTNT.O
n OTrong ox=
it
a + 3b
= 1,3 n CO=
2
1,3
BTNT.C
m=

130(gam)
Cch 2:
Fe : m gam Fe : m gam
Ta c: 74 gam 178gam 2
O : a mol n H2 O =
a=n axit SO 4 : a mol
m += 16a 74 = a 1,3(mol) BTNT.O + C

BTKL
= m 1,3.100
= 130(gam)
m +=96a 178 =
m 53, 2(gam)
C th dng thm cch s dng bo ton in tch na.
Cu 13: Chn p n D
Dung dch X cha 14,6 gam HCl v 22,56 gam Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Thm m (gam) bt
n
st vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kim
.v
loi c khi lng l 0,5m (gam) v ch to kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca
N+5). Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 1,92. B. 20,48. C. 9,28. D. 14,88.
V 0,5m l hn hp kim loi dung dch sau phn ng ch cha mui Fe2+.
Ta c:
H + : 0,4(mol)

.c Cl : 0,4(mol)

sau phan ng
Cu(NO3 )2 : 0,12(mol) NO3 : 0,24 0,1= 0,14(mol)
ok
+ 2+
4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O Fe : a(mol)

bo
BTKL(Fe + Cu)

BTDT

= a 0, 27 0,12.64 +=
m 0, 27.56 + 0,5m =
m 14, 48(gam)
BI TP LUYN TP
et
Cu 1: Cho m gam Fe vo 1 lt dd gm H 2 SO 4 0,1M, Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,1M, Fe(NO 3 ) 3

0,1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,69m gam hn hp kim loi,
vi
dd X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht).Gi tr m v khi lng cht rn khan

thu c khi c cn dung dch X ln lt l:
ng
A.25,8 v 78,5 B.25,8 v 55,7

C.20 v 78,5 D.20 v 55,7
a
Cu 2: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 0.24mol v Cu 2 S vo dung dch

HNO 3 va thu c dung dch X (ch cha hai mui sunfat) v kh NO (ktc)
kh
duy nht. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l :

A. 34.048 B. 35.84 C. 31.36 D. 25.088
Cu 3: Cho 1 lng bt Fe tan ht trong dung dch cha HNO 3 , sau kh phn ng
kt thc th thu c 2,688 lt NO(kc) v dung dch X.Thm dung dch cha 0,3
mol HCl (long) vo l th thy kh NO tip tc thot ra v cui cng thu c
dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y cn va ht 650 ml
dung dch KOH 1M.( Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Khi lng
mui c trong X l :
68
Cu 4: Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,45 mol hn hp A gm Fe 2 O 3 v FeO

nung nng sau mt thi gian thu c 51,6 gam cht rn B. Dn kh i ra khi ng
s vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 88,65 gam kt ta. Cho B tc dng ht vi
dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch C v 4,48 lt kh (ktc) bay ln. C cn C
thu c m gam mui.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 98,8 B. 98,40 C. 93,36 D. 96,72
Cu 5: Cho 30,1 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3
long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
1,68 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn d 0,7 gam kim
loi. C cn dung dch Y, khi lng mui khan thu c l:
n
Cu 6: C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na+, NH 4 +, CO 3 2- v SO 4 2-. Ly 100 ml dung
.v
dch X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh. Ly 100 ml dung
dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl 2 thu c 43 gam kt ta. Ly 200
om
ml dung dch X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thu c 8,96 lt kh NH3 .
Cc phn ng hon ton, cc th tch kh u o ktc. Tnh tng khi lng mui c
trong 300 ml dung dch X ?
A. 71,4 gam. B. 23,8 gam. .c
C. 86,2 gam. D.119 gam.
Cu 7: Ha tan 10,65 gam hn hp gm mt oxit kim loi kim v mt oxit kim
ok
loi kim th bng dung dch HCl d c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, ly
mui khan em in phn nng chy hon ton th thu c 3,36 lt kh (o ktc)
anot v a (gam) hn hp kim loi catot. Gi tr ca a l
bo
A. 5,85. B. 8,25. C. 9,45. D. 9,05.

Cu 8: Chia hn hp 2 kim loi c ho tr khng i lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1
et
tan ht trong dung dch HCl to ra 1,792 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn 2, nung trong oxi thu
c 2,84 gam hn hp oxit. Khi lng hn hp 2 kim loi ban u l:
vi

Cu 9: t chy hon ton 54 gam hh X gm axit fomic, axit axetic, axit acrylic,
ng
axit oxalic, axit adipic thu c 39,2 lit CO 2 (ktc) v m gam H 2 O. Mt khc 54
gam hn X phn ng hon ton vi dd NaHCO 3 d, thu c 21.28 lt CO 2 (ktc).
a
Tm m:
kh
A. 21,6 B. 46,8 C. 43,2 D. 23,4

Cu 10: Cho 0,1 mol alanin phn ng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M thu c
dung dch A . Cho A tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c dung dch B,
lm bay hi dung dch B thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
A. 19,875 gam B. 11,10 gam
C. 14,025 gam D. 8,775 gam
Cu 11: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm C x H y COOH;
C x H y COOCH 3 v CH 3 OH thu c 2,688 lt CO 2 ( ktc) v 1,8 gam H 2 O. Mt
khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
thu c 0,96 gam CH 3 OH. Cng thc ca C x H y COOH l:
69
A. C 2 H 5 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH.
C. C 3 H 5 COOH. D. C 2 H 3 COOH.
Cu 12: Cho 8 g hn hp X gm Cu, Fe 3 O 4 tc dng HNO 3 un nng .Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 1,344 lt hn kh A gm NO v NO 2 dung
dch Y v 1,2 kim loi.T khi ca A so vi He l 9,5. Cho dung dch Y tc dng
vi NaOH d ri nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam
cht rn. Gi tr m l:
A. 8 B. 9 C.10 D. 11
dung dch HCl 1M , ng thi gii phng 0,672 lt kh ( ktc ). Tnh m?
n
A. 10,08 B. 8,96 C. 9,84 D. 10,64
.v
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 . Ho tan hon ton X trong
400 ml dung dch HCl 2M thu c dung dch Y v thy thot ra 2,24 lt H 2 v
om
cn li 2,8 gam st (duy nht) cha tan. Khi lng hn hp X l m gam.Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 25 B. 35 C. 30 .c D. 40
Cu 15: Chia 156,8 gam hn hp L gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 thnh hai phn bng
ok
nhau. Cho phn th nht tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d c 155,4 gam mui
khan. Phn th hai tc dng va vi dung dch M l hn hp HCl, H 2 SO 4
long thu c 167,9 gam mui khan. S mol ca HCl trong dung dch M l:
bo

Cu 16: Cho 20 gam hh X gm Cu, Fe, Al, Mg tan hon ton trong dd HNO 3
et
long nng d thu c dd Y v 8,96 lit kh NO duy nht. Cho dd NaOH vo dd Y

n khi kt ta hon ton. Cc cation kim loi th thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z n
vi
khi lng khng i thu c m gam hh cc oxit. m c gi tr l:

A. 39,2 B. 23,2 C. 26,4 D. 29,6
ng
Cu 17: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm mt s ancol thuc cng

dy ng ng cn dng 10,08 lit kh O 2 (ktc) thu c 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v
a
9,90 gam H 2 O. Nu un nng 10,44g hn hp X nh trn vi H 2 SO 4 c nhit

thch hp chuyn ht thnh ete th tng khi lng ete thu c l:
kh

Cu 18: t chy hn hp Mg v Al mt thi gian ta thu c 32,4 gam hn hp
X , hn hp X phn ng va vi 500 ml dung dch gm H 2 SO 4 1,2M v HCl
2M, thu c dung dch Y v 11,2 lt H 2 ( ktc) . C cn Y thu c m gam hn
hp mui trung ha khan . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 115,9 . B. 107,90. C. 112,60. D. 124,30.
Cu 19: Cho V lt kh CO 2 (ktc) hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol
Ba(OH) 2 v 0,1 mol NaOH.Sau kh phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta v dung
dch cha 21,35 gam mui .Gi tr ca V l:
70
A. 7,84 B. 8,96 C. 6,72 D. 8,4

Cu 20: Ha tan hn hp X gm Cu v Fe 2 O 3 trong 400 ml dung dch HCl x (M)
thu c dung dch Y v cn li 1,0 gam Cu khng tan. Nhng thanh Mg vo dung
dch Y, sau khi phn ng hon ton nhc thanh Mg ra thy khi lng tng thm
4,0 gam so vi khi lng thanh Mg ban u v c 1,12 lt kh H 2 (o ktc) thot
ra (gi thit ton b lng kim loi thot ra u bm ht vo thanh Mg). Khi
lng Cu trong X v gi tr ca x ln lt l:
A. 4,2 gam v 0,75M. B. 4,2 gam v 1M.
C. 3,2 gam v 2M. D. 3,2g gam v 0,75M.
Cu 21: Ha tan hn hp gm Fe v Fe x O y cn va 0,1 mol H 2 SO 4 c thu
c 0,56 lt kh SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc) v dung dch X ch cha
n
mui Fe(III). C cn dung dch X thu c khi lng mui khan l:
.v
Cu 22: Cho hn hp X gm 8,4 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO 3 . Sau
om
khi phn ng hon ton thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht, o
ktc). Khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l
A. 36,3 gam. B. 41,1gam. C. 41,3 gam.
.c D. 42,7 gam.
Cu 23: X phng ha hon ton 100 gam cht bo X cn dng va 100 ml
dung dch NaOH 0,8M, sau phn ng thu c 100,81 gam x phng. Xc nh ch
ok
s axit ca cht bo .
A. 1,4 B. 5,6 C. 11,2 D. 2,8
bo
Cu 24: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp A cha H 2 SO 4 1M,

Fe(NO 3 ) 3 0,5M v CuSO 4 0,25M. Khuy u cho n khi phn ng kt thc thu
c 0,75m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 43,2 gam B. 56 gam C. 33,6 gam D. 32 gam

Cu 25: em ha tan hon ton m gam Mg trong dung dch cha ng thi a mol
vi
H 2 SO 4 v b mol HCl, sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch cha 2 mui c
ng
tng khi lng l 4,1667m. Thit lp biu thc lin h gia s mol ca 2 axit:
A. b = 6a B. b = 4a C. b = 8a D. b = 7a
Cu 26: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na, Na 2 O, NaOH v Na 2 CO 3
a
trong dung dch axt H 2 SO 4 40% (va ) thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh c t

kh
khi i vi H 2 bng 16,75 v dung dch Y c nng 51,449%. C cn Y thu

c 170,4 gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 30 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al v Zn trong dung dch
HNO 3 , sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,1 mol
N 2 O v 0,1 mol NO. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 127 gam hn hp
mui. Vy s mol HNO 3 b kh trong phn ng trn l:
Cu 28: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol a chc, mch h, c
cng s nhm -OH thu c 11,2 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 12,6 gam H 2 O. Mt khc
71
nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi 10 gam Na th sau phn ng thu c a

gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l:
A. 13,8 gam v 23,4 gam B. 9,2 gam v 13,8 gam
C. 23,4 gam v 13,8 gam D. 9,2 gam v 22,6 gam
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n D
n H+ = 0, 2(mol)
Ta c:
n
n NO3 = 0,5(mol)
.v
S dng phng trnh 4 H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O
om
D thy H+ ht do c ngay dd X:
Fe 2 + : a
BDT
a= 0,325(mol)
2
m SO 4 : 0,1(mol)
BTKL
.c m muoi = 55,7(gam)
BTNT.N
NO3 : 0,5 0,05= 0, 45(mol)
ok
BTKL m(Fe,Cu )
m + 6, 4=
+ 5,6 0,69m + 0,325.56=
m 20(gam)
Cu 2: Chn p n B
bo
Fe3+ : 0, 24(mol)
FeS : 0, 24(mol)
X Cu 2 + : 2a(mol)
2 BTNT
Ta c:
et
Cu 2S : a(mol) 2
SO 4 : 0, 48 + a (mol)
vi

BTDT
0, 24.3
= + 42 2(0, 48 + =
a) a 0,12(mol)
ng
BTKL
mX = (
m Fe3+ ,Cu 2+ ,SO 42 35,84(gam) )
Cu 3: Chn p n B
a
2,688 BTE Trong X

Ta c=: n NO = 0,12(mol) n= =
kh
NO3
0,12.3 0,36(mol)
22, 4
BTNT.K
KCl : 0,3
= 0,65
n KOH BTNT.N BTE
KNO3 : 0,35 n=
NO 0,36 0,35
= 0, 01 n=
Fe2+
0, 03
Fe2 + : 0, 03(mol)

X Fe3+ : 0,1(mol) BTKL
m = 29,6(gam)

NO3 : 0,36(mol)
Cu 4: Chn p n A
72
88,65 BTNT BTKL

c: n = 0,45(mol)
Ta = n Ob kh 0,45(mol)
= mA
197
m B + m Ob kh =
= 58,8(gam)
=
Fe O : a(mol) a + b 0, 45
= a 0,3(mol)
0, 45 2 3
FeO : b(mol) 160a +=
72b 58,8 =
b 0,15(mol)
Fe : 2a + b =0,75

BTNT
B
O : 3a + b 0, 45= 0,6 n H2O = 0,6
n=
H2 0, 2
BTNT
n=
Cl
1, 2 + 0,
= 4 1,6(mol)
n
Fe : 0,75 BTKL
( )
.v
C = m = m Fe,Cl 98,8(gam)
Cl :1,6
om
Cu 5: Chn p n B
Ch : Kim loi c d nn mui l mui Fe2+ v Cu2+

BTKL
64a + 232b = 30,1
Cu : a(mol) .c a = 0,1984375
Ta c: 30,1 BTE 0, 7
Fe3 O 4 : b(mol) (a =
).2 0, 075.3 + 2b b = 0, 075
64
ok
2+ 0,7
Cu : 0,1984375 64 = 0,1875(mol)

bo
Y Fe 2+ : 0, 225(mol)

NO3 : 0,825(mol)
BTDT
et

=
BTKL
m = (
m Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , NO3 75,75(gam) )
vi
Cu 6: Chn p n A
ng
Gi s trong 100 ml dung dch X c :

Na + : a(mol)

HCl
c= 0,1
a
+
NH 4 : b(mol) BaCl2
2 197c + 233d = 43 = d 0,1
BTDT
=
a 0,2(mol)
kh
CO
3 : c(mol) NaOH 2b 0,4 b 0,2
SO2 : d(mol) = =
4
BTKL

= X
m 300 ml 3(23.0,2 + 18.0,2 + 60.0,1 =
+ 96.0,1) 71,4(gam)
Ch : bi bt tnh khi lng mui trong 300 ml dung dch X.
Cu 7: Chn p n B
BTDT
=
Ta c: n Cl 0,15(mol)
= n OTrong oxit 0,15(mol)
2
BTKL
m=
kim loai
10,65 0,15.16
= 8,25
Cu 8: Chn p n D
73
1, 792
=
Ta c : n H2 = 0, 08(mol)=
n e 0,16(mol)
BTE
n Trong
=
O
oxit
0, 08(mol)
22, 4
n O = 0,08(mol)
Vi phn 2:
BTKL

m KL = 2,84 0,08.16 =
1,56(gam)
m ban au =2.1.56 =3,12g
Cu 9: Chn p n D

Ta c: m X = m(C, H,O)
= = 21(gam)
m C 1,75.12

BTKL
m = 54 21 30,
= 4 2,6(gam)
= =
H
O
m 0,95.2.16 30, 4(gam)
n
2,6
.v
=m = 23, 4(gam)
.18
2
om
Cu 10: Chn p n A
u tin dng BTNT.Na cc bn hy tr li cu hi Na i vo u?
C C(NH 2 ) COONa:0,1(mol) BTKL
Ta c ngay: .c m = 19,875(gam)
NaCl : 0,15(mol)
Cu 11: Chn p n D
ok
C x H y COOH : a(mol)

Ta c: =m X 2,76 = = C x H y COOCH3 : b(mol)
m(C, H,O)
bo

CH 3OH : c(mol)
BTKL 2,76 0,12.12 0,1.2
et
= nOTrong X = 0,07
16
nCO2 = 0,12 BTNT .O
vi
nO = 2a + 2b= + c 0,07
Trong X
Ta li c:
nH 2O = 0,1
NaOH
a + b = 0,03
ng

b + c = 0,03
CH 3OH
c = 0,01(mol )
a

b = 0,02(mol )
kh
a = 0,01(mol )

BTKL

= 2,76 0,01( R + 45) + 0,02( R + 44 + 15) + 0,01.32
= R 27
Cu 12: Chn p n A
Ch : Kim loi c d nn mui l mui Fe2+ v Cu2+
NO : 0,03
Ta c : 0,06 A .Gi s lng cht rn tan va l X. C ngay:
NO2 : 0,03
Cu a 64a=
+ 232b 6,8 = a 0,07
mX ' =8 1, 2 =6,8 :
Fe3O4 b 2a =+
2b 0,03.3 + 0,03 b =
0,01
74
Cu 2+ : 0,07(mol) NaOH CuO : 0,07(mol)

BTNT
Y 2+ m = 8(gm)
Fe : 0,03(mol) Fe 2 O3 : 0,015(mol)
Cu 13: Chn p n A
n HCl = 0,3 BTNT.H 0,3 0,03.2
Ta c: = n H2O = 0,12(mol)
n H2 = 0,03 2

BTKL
m= X = m + 0,12.16 m
12 = 10,08 (gam)
Cu 14: Chn p n C
Ch : Kim loi c d nn mui thu c l mui Fe2+.
n= 0,8(mol) n= 0,8(mol) n FeCl
= 0, 4(mol)
n
H+ Cl
Ta c: 2
n H2 = 0,1(mol)
.v
0,8 0,1.2

BTNT . H
n= == 0,3 nOTrong X
om
H 2O
2
Fe : 0, 4.56 + 2,8 BTKL
X m = 30(gam)
O : 0,3 .c
Cu 15: Chn p n C
ok
Fe : a(mol) Fe : a
Vi phn 1: 78,4 155,4
O : b(mol) n Cl = 2b
HCl
Cl : 2b
bo
56a =
+ 16b 78,4 =a 1(mol)

BTKL

56a=+ 71b 155,4=b 1,4(mol)
et
Vi phn 2 :
vi
Fe : 1(mol)

BTKL
35,5x + 96y = 111, 9 x = 1,8(mol)
167, 9 Cl : x(mol) BTDT
ng
SO2 : y(mol) x +=
2y = 2b 2,8 y = 0,5(mol)
4
Cu 16: Chn p n D
a
Ch :Cui cng cc kim loi u ln s oxi ha cao nht.

kh
Ta c:
HNO3
n=
NO 0, 4 =
n e 0,=
4.3 1, 2(mol)
1, 2
Nung Z: n Trong
O =
Z
= 0,6
BTKL
=
m 20 + 0,6.16
= 29,6(gam)
2
Cu 17: Chn p n A
n CO = 0,3
Ta c: 2 n Ancol = 0,55 0,3 = 0, 25(mol)
n H2O = 0,55

BTNT.O
n Trong
O
ancol
+ 0, 45.2
= 0,3.2 + 0,55 n Trong
O =
ancol
0, 25(mol)
Ancol no n chc.
75

BTKL
=
mAncol m(C ,=
H , O) 0,3.12 + 0,55.2 + 0,=
25.16 8,7
1
=
nH 2 O =nancol 0,125 BTKL

= mete mAncol mH 2O
2
=
8,7 0,125.18 = 6, 45(gam)
Cu 18: Chn p n A
nH + = 1, 2 + 1= 2, 2 BTNT .H 2, 2 0,5.2
Ta c: nH= = 0,6
= nOTrong X
nH 2 = 0,5
2O
2
m = m ( Mg , Al , SO
2
)
n
BTKL
4 , Cl
.v
=32,
4 + 0,6.96 + 1.35,5 =
0,6.16 115,9( gam)
Mg , Al
om
Cu 19: Chn p n A
Nu l mui Na 2 CO 3 khi lng mui s l 0,05(23.2+60) = 5,3.
Ba 2 + : 0, 2(mol ) BaCO3 : a .c

Ta c OH : 0,5(mol ) BTNT
NaHCO3 : 0,1
ok
+ Ba ( HCO ) : 0, 2 a
Na : 0,1(mol ) 3 2

BTKL

= 21,35 0,1 .84 + 259. ( 0, 2 =
a ) a 0,15(mol )
bo

BTNT .C
nCO
=2
a + 0,1 + 2(0, 2 =
a ) 0,35 =
V 7,84(lit )
Cu 20: Chn p n B
et
Cu c d 1 gam Y l mui Cu2+ v Fe2+ v HCl c d.

Cu2 + : a(mol)
vi
Ta c: Y 2 + nH = 0,05 n Mg
phan ng
3a + 0,05
=
Fe : 2a(mol) 2
ng

BTKL
64a + 2a.56 24(3a + 0,05)
= 4 = a 0,5(mol)
m = 64a + 1= 4,2
a
Cu
n HCl = 3a.2 + 0,05.2= 0,4 x= 1
kh
Cu 21: Chn p n B
n H SO = 0,1(mol)
Ta c: 2 4
BTNT.S Trong X
n SO 2 = 0, 075(mol)
n SO2 = 0, 025(mol)
4
SO2 : 0, 075(mol) BTKL

BTDT
X 34+ m = 10(gam)
Fe : 0, 05(mol)
Cu 22: Chn p n B
D thy kim loi cn d v HNO 3 thiu.
Ta s dng: 4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
76
NO3 : 0,45(mol)

Dung dch sau phn ng c : Fe2 + : 0,15(mol)
BTDT Cu 2 + : 0,075(mol)

BTKL
m = 41,1(gam)
Cu 23: Chn p n D
Ta c:= = 0,08(mol )
nOH 0,8.0,1
Gi s mol nc l a ta c:
0,08 a

BTKL
100=
+ 3, 2 100,81 + 18a + .92=
a 0,005(mol)
3
n
0,005.56.1000
Vy ch s
= axit l: Iaxit = 2,8
.v
100
Cu 24: Chn p n A
om
H + : 0, 4(mol )

Ta c: NO3 : 0,3(mol ) 4 H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O
.c
2
SO4 : 0, 25(mol )
ok
V KLd nn sau phn ng dung dch gm:
Fe 2+ : a (mol )

bo

NO= 3 : 0,3 0,1 0, 2( mol ) =
a 0,35(mol )
BTDT
2
SO4 : 0, 25(mol )
et
BTKL ( Fe + Cu )
m + 5,6 =
+ 3, 2 0,75m + 0,35.56 =
m 43, 2(gam)
vi
Cu 25: Chn p n C
ng
Ta c:
2+ m
Mg : 24 2.m

a
= 2a + b
BTDT
4,1667 m SO42 : a 24 b= 8a
kh
m + 96a + 35,5b = 4,1667 m

BTKL
Cl : b

Cu 26: Chn p n D
D thy hn hp kh l CO 2 v H 2 .
H : 0,1(mol ) 170, 4
Ta c : 0, 4 2 =
v nNa2 SO4
= 1, 2(mol )
CO2 : 0,3(mol ) 142
1, 2.98

BTNT . S
= nH 2 SO4 1, 2(mol ) = mdd axit = 294( gam)
0, 4
77
1, 2. ( 23.2 + 96 )
=mYdd = 331, 2( gam)
0,51449
170, 4
=
mdd Y = 331, 2
BTKL
m += 331,
294 2 + 13,
4
0,51449 dd axit dd Y H vCO 2 2
m=
50,6( gam)
Cu 27: Chn p n D
nN O = 0,1
2 BTKL
Ta c : = nNO 0,1
= 127 30
+ 80
a + 62(0,1.8
+ 0,1.3 + 8a)
n kim loai NH 4 NO3
NH4 NO3 = a
NO3
n
.v
BTNT . N B kh
a=0,05 nHNO
= 0,1.2 + 0,1.1
= + a 0,35(mol)
3
om
Cu 28: Chn p n C
nCO = 05
Ta c: 2 n=2,5 cc ancol trong X ch c hai nhm OH
nH 2O = 0,7 .c
nTrong
= X
0,=2.2 0, 4
OH
ok
n X = nH 2O nCO2 = 0, 2 10 nH 2 = 0, 2
Na
n = = 0, 434
23
bo
=
BTKL
m m(C ,=
H , O) 0,5.12 + 0,7.2 + =
0, 4.16 13,8
13,8 + 10
BTKL
= a + 0, 2.2 =
a 23, 4( gam)
et
PHN II
vi
LUYN TP K NNG K XO GII TON

ng
BNG CC NH LUT BO TON

a
kh
BI TP TNG HP- S 1
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 . Cho m gam X vo dung dch
H 2 SO 4 long d thu c dung dch Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn I tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,5M.
- Phn II ha tan ti a 6,4 gam Cu.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,2 B. 34,8. C. 104. D. 52.
Cu 2: Ha tan ht 15,2 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu bng dung dch HNO 3 thu
c dung dch X v 4,48 lit kh NO ( ktc). Thm t t 3,96 gam kim loi Mg vo
78
hn hp X n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 224 ml kh NO (ktc),

dung dch Y v m gam cht rn khng tan. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca
N+5 trong cc phn ng. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,6. B. 12,4. C. 15,2. D. 6,4.
Cu 3: Cho m g hn hp X gm Ba, BaO, Al vo nc d phn ng kt thc thu
c 3,024 lt kh (ktc) dung dch A v 0,54 g cht rn khng tan. Cho 110 ml
dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A c 5,46 g kt ta. m c gi tr l :
Cu 4: Cho 9,6 gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v 0,3 mol
Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . Phn ng kt thc, khi lng cht rn thu c l
n
Cu 5: Ha tan hon ton 4,8 gam Mg trong dung dch HNO 3 , thu c dung dch
.v
X v 448 ml kh N 2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr m l:
om
A. 29,6. B. 30,6. C. 31,6. D. 30,0.
Cu 6: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp bt gm Mg, Al, Al 2 O 3 v MgO bng 800 ml
dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,5M v H 2 SO 4 0,75M (va ). Sau phn ng thu
.c
c dung dch X v 4,48 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 88,7
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 26,5 gam . B. 35,6 gam. C. 27,7 gam. D. 32,6 gam.
Cu 7: Ly 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO v Fe 2 O 3 (vi s mol bng nhau) tc dng
bo
hon ton vi dung dch HI d thu c dung dch X. C cn X c cht rn Y.

Cho Y tc dng vi dng dch AgNO 3 d c m gam kt ta. Xc nh m?
et
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 0,5 mol hn hp X gm mt amino axit Y (c mt

nhm amino) v mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h Z, thu c 26,88 lt
vi
CO 2 (ktc) v 23,4 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, 0,45 mol X phn ng va vi dung

ng
dch cha m gam HCl. Gi tr ca m l

A. 10,95. B. 6,39. C. 6,57. D. 4,38.
Cu 9: Ho tan 4,32 gam nhm kim loi bng dung dch HNO 3 long, d thu c
a
V lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 35,52 gam

kh
mui. Gi tr ca V l
A. 3,4048. B. 5,6000. C. 4,4800. D. 2,5088.
Cu 10: Cho m gam hn hp Fe v Cu c t l s mol l 1:1 tc dng vi 1,8 lt
dung dch HNO 3 1M. Khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A (khng cha
mui amoni) v 13,44 lt hn hp kh NO v NO 2 (ktc) v 4m/15 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 72. B. 60. C. 35,2. D. 48.
Cu 11: Ha tan ht 16 gam hn hp Fe v C vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng d
thu c V lt kh ktc v dung dch X. C cn X thu c 40 gam mui. Gi tr
ca V l:
79
A. 23,64. B. 30,24. C. 33,6. D. 26,88.
Cu 12: Ha tan ht 31,2 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 vo 800 ml dung dch

HNO 3 2M va thu c V lt NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch
X. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 9,6 gam Cu. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,21 lt B. 6,72 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 3,73 lt
Cu 13: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp gm m 1 gam Fe(NO 3 ) 2 v m 2 gam
Al(NO 3 ) 3 thu c hn hp kh X Trn hn hp kh X vi 112 ml kh O 2 (ddktc)
c hn hp kh Y. Hp th hon ton hn hp kh Y vo 3,5 lt H 2 O (khng
thy c kh thot ra) c dung dch c pH = 1,7. Gi tr m 1 v m 2 ln lt l:
n
A. 4,5 v 6,39 B. 2,700 v 3,195
.v
C. 3,60 v 2,130 D. 1,80 v 0,260
Cu 14: Cho 5,12 gam ng phn ng hon ton vi 50,4 gam dung dch HNO 3
om
60% thu c dung dch X. Hy xc nh nng % ca mui tan trong X bit
rng nu thm 210ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X ri c cn v nung sn phm thu
c ti khi lng khng i th c 41,52 gam cht rn.
.c
A. 26,15% B. 17,67% C. 28,66% D. 75,12%
Cu 15: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch cha ng thi H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 thu c
ok
dung dch X v 4,48 lt NO, Thm tip H 2 SO 4 vo X th li thu c thm 1,792 lt
kh NO na v dung dch Y (Kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht). Dung dch Y ho
bo
tan va ht 8,32 gam Cu khng c kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc). Gia tri cua m l:
A. 11,2 B. 9,6 g. C. 16,8 D. 16,24
Cu 16: Cho 4,8 (g) Br 2 nguyn cht vo dung dch cha 12,7 (g) FeCl 2 thu c
et
dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO 3 d vo X thu c a(g) kt ta . Gi tr a l:

vi
A. 39,98(g) B. 55,58(g) C. 44,3(g) D. 28,5 (g)

Cu 17: Cho hn hp A gm 0,15 mol Mg, 0,35 mol Fe phn ng vi V lt HNO 3
ng
2M, thu c hn hp X gm 0,05 mol N 2 O, 0,1 mol NO v cn li 2,8 gam kim

loi. Gi tr ca V lt l:
a
A. 0,45 B. 0,55 C. 0,575 D. 0,61

Cu 18: Ly 2 mu Al v Mg u nng m gam cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3
kh
d, phn ng xy ra hon ton.

- Vi mu Al: thu c 1,344 lt kh X v dung dch cha 52,32 gam mui
- Vi mu Mg: Thu c 0,672 lt kh X v dung dch cha 42,36 gam mui
Bit X l kh nguyn cht, cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Xc nh m?
A. 5,508 gam B. 6,480 gam
C. 5,832 gam D. 6,156 gam
Cu 19: Cho m gam Mg vo 500ml dung dch hn hp AgNO 3 0,2M v Fe(NO 3 ) 3
2M th khi kt thc phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Xc nh m?
A. 10,8 gam hoc 15,0 gam B. 13,2 gam
80
C. 10,8 gam D. 15,0 gam

Cu 20: Ly 3,48 gam Fe 3 O 4 cho tc dng hon ton vi 100ml dung dch HCl
1,28M thu c dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d thu c
m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sn phm kh N+5 l NO (nu
c). Xc nh m?
A.18,368 gam B.19,988 gam
C.19,340 gam D.18,874 gam
Cu 21: Cho m gam P 2 O 5 vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,3M
n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X. C cn cn thn X thu c 35,4
gam hn hp mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
n
.v
Cu 22: Cho mt mu kim loi R tan hon ton trong 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M
thu c dung dch X v 2,016 lt H 2 ( ktc). Cho dung dch AgNO 3 d vo dung
dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? (Bit AgOH khng tn ti, trong nc
om
to thnh Ag 2 O)
A. 44,60 gam B. 23,63 gam
C. 14,35 gam
.c
D. 32,84 gam
Cu 23: Cho m gam hn hp Al, Al 2 O 3 , Al(OH) 3 tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4
ok
19,6% va thu c dung dch X c nng % l 21,302% v 3,36 lt H 2
(ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 80,37 gam mui khan. m c gi tr l :
bo
A. 18,78 gam B. 25,08 gam

C. 24,18 gam D. 28,98 gam
Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 v Fe 3 O 4 bng 1 lt dung dch
et
HNO 3 aM, va thu c 14,336 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO 2 c t khi so

vi hiro bng 18 v dung dch ch cha 82,08 gam mui. Gi tr ca a l:
vi
A. 1,4M B. 2 M C. 1,35 M D. 1,2 M

ng
Cu 25: Cho 12(g) hn hp Fe v Cu t l mol ( 1: 1) vo 200ml dung dch cha

HCl 2M v HNO 3 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A
, kh NO v mt phn kim loi khng tan. Ly ton b dung dch A cho tc dng
a
vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 , thu c m(g) kt ta. (bit sn phm kh ca

kh
N+5 to ra NO duy nht). Xc nh m:

A. 57,4. B. 55,6. C. 60,1. D. 68,2.
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1.Chn p n C
81
X Fe : a(mol)
2+
= =
a 0,2.0,5.5 a 0,5(mol)
3+
BTE

2 Fe : b(mol) = 0,1.2 b= b 0,2(mol)
Fe2 + :1(mol)

X Fe3+ : 0,4(mol) m =
104(gam)
O :1,6(mol)

Cu 2. Chn p n D
Fe : a(mol) BTE 56a += 64b 15,2 = a 0,1(mol)
15,2
Cu : b(mol) =
3a + 2b 0,2.3= b 0,15(mol)
n
n Mg= 0,165 n e= 0,33(mol)

n e+ = 0,01.3 + 0,1Fe3+ + 0,1.Cu 2 +
.v

n
NO = 0,01(mol)
om
= = 6,4(gam)
m 0,1.64
Cu 3. Chn p n C .c
ddA : Ba(AlO2 )2 : a mol

ok
= n H2 0,135 + 0,11H +

Al du : 0,02 mol
bo

0,11 = 2a + 3(2a n ) = 2a + 3(2a 0,07) a = 0,04

Ba : a = 0,04
et
X Al : 2a + 0,02
= 0,1 BTE
2.0,04 + 2.0,04.3
= 2b + 0,135.2

O : b
vi
= b 0,025 = m 8,58(gam)
ng
Cu 4. Chn p n A
n NO = 0,2.2 + 0,3.3 = 1,3(mol) Mg(NO3 )2 : 0,4(mol)
a

3
1,3 0,8
= 0,25(mol)
kh
n Mg = 0,4(mol) Fe(NO3 )2 :
2
Cu : 0,2(mol)
m= 15,6(gam)
Fe : 0,05(mol)
Cu 5. Chn p n C
n Mg = 0,2 n e = 0,4(mol)

0,4 0,02.10
n N2 = 0,02 n NH4 NO3 = =
0,025(mol)
8
82
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0,2(mol)
m=
31,6(gam)
NH 4 NO3 : 0,025(mol)
Cu 6. Chn p n A
n H+ = 1,6(mol) 1,6 0,4
n
=
BTNT.hidro
n H2 O = 0,6(mol)
n H2 = 0,2(mol) 2
.v

m Kim loai

om

88,7 Cl : 0,4(mol) m Kim loai = 16,9(gam)
2
SO 4 : 0,6(mol)
.c
m= m Kim loai + m O= 16,9 + 0,6.16= 26,5(gam)
Cu 7. Chn p n A
ok
Fe : 0,01 FeI 2 : 0,03(mol)
2+
FeO : 0,01(mol)
2,32 3+ + HI Y BTE
Fe2 O3 : 0,01(mol) Fe : 0,02 I 2 : 0,01(mol)
bo
AgI : 0,06(mol)
m= 17,34(gam)
Ag : 0,03(mol)
et
Cu 8. Chn p n C
vi
=
n O 1,74(mol) = m A 42,67(gam)
= m O 27,84(gam)
n NO3 = 0,58(mol)
ng
m KL =50 0,58.62 = 14,04(gam)

a

NO3 0,5O 0,58
=
m oxit 14,04 + =.16 18,68(gam)
2
kh
Cu 9. Chn p n D
= = n Al(NO3 )3
n Al 0,16
n e = 0,48 = 3n NO + 0,018.8 n NO = 0,112(mol)
n NH4 NO3 = 0,018
Cu 10. Chn p n D
7m
m= =
56a
Fe : a(mol) Fe
15
= C ngay : m 120a do cht rn l Cu
Cu : a(mol) m = 8m
Cu 15
83

BTNT.nito
NO=
3 1,8 0,6
= 1,2(mol)

Fe : a
Cu : 0,5a

2a + a = 1,2 a = 0,4 m = 120a = 48(gam)
Cu 11. Chn p n C
Fe : 0,2(mol)
m Fe2 (SO4 )3 =40 Fe : 0,2(mol) 16
C : 0, 4 0, 4CO2 (mol)

BTE
0,2.3 +=
0, 4.4 2n SO2
= n SO2 1,1(mol)
= n 1,5(mol)
Cu 12. Chn p n B
n
Fe3+ : 0,3(mol)
.v
2+
n Cu =0,15 n Fe3+ =0,3 X Fe : a(mol)
om
NO : b n =1,6 b (mol)
3 NO

Fe : 0,3 + a 56(a + 0,3) + 16c = 31,2
31,2 O : c BTE .c
3.0,3 += 2a 2c + 3(1,6 b)

BTDT
0,3.3 + 2a = b
ok
=2a + b 0,9= a 0,2(mol)

56a + 16c= 14, 4 b= 1,3(mol)
bo
2a + 3b= 2c 3,9 = c 0,2(mol)

Cu 13. Chn p n C
et
Fe(NO3 )2 : 2a(mol) BTNT a(mol) : Fe2 O3

vi
Al(NO3 )3 : 2b(mol) b(mol) : Al 2 O3

NO2 : 4a + 6b
ng

BTNT
X 12a + 18b 3a 3b 2(4a + 6b)
O 2 : = 0,5a + 1,5b
2
a
NO2 : 4a + 6b
BTE
= 4a + 6b 4(0,5a + 1,5b + 0,005)
kh
Y BTNT nito
O2 : 0,5a + 1,5b + 0,005 n axit= 0,07
= 4a + 6b
a = 0,01(mol) m = 3,6(gam)
1
= =
b 0,005(mol) m 2 2,13(gam)
Cu 14. Chn p n C
84
Cu : 0,08(mol ) KNO2 : 0, 4(mol )

HNO3 : 0, 48(mol ) 41,52 CuO : 0,08(mol )
KOH : 0, 42(mol ) KOH : 0,02(mol )

NO : a(mol )

BTNT nito
N = 0,08
NO2 : b(mol )
=a + b 0,08
= a 0,04(mol )

=3a + b 0,08.2
= b 0,04(mol )
15,04
%Cu ( NO3 ) 2 = = 28,66
50, 4 + 5,12 0,04(30 + 46)
n
.v
Cu 15. Chn p n D
om
=
n Cu 0,13(mol) n=
Fe3+
0,26(mol)
Fe2 + : a(mol)
.c
m Fe3+ : 0,26(mol) BTE
2a += =
3.0,26 0,28.3 a 0,03(mol)
NO : 0,28(mol)

ok
= m 56(0,26 + 0,03) = 16,24(gam)
Cu 16. Chn p n C:
bo
Fe3+ : 0,06
2+
n Br2 = 0,03(mol) Fe : 0,04 Ag : 0,04(mol)
et
X m= 44,3(gam)
FeCl 2 : 0,1(mol) Cl : 0,2 AgCl : 0,2(mol)
vi
Br : 0,06 AgBr : 0,06(mol)

ng
Cu 17. Chn p n C
Mg : 0,15(mol)
n e = 0,15.2 + 0,3.2 = 0,9(mol)
Fe : 0,35 0,05 =
a
0,3(mol)
kh
0,9 0,05.8 0,1.3

= n NH4 NO3 = 0,025(mol)
8

BTNT.nito
=
n axit =
N 0,15.2 + 0,3.2 + 0,025.2 + 0,05.2 +=
0,1 1,15(mol)
Cu 18. Chn p n B
Gi n l s e nhn ng vi kh X
Al : a(mol)
C ngay : 27a = 24b Nu mui khng cha NH 4 NO 3 th
Mg : b(mol)
3a = 0,06n
3a =
4 (loi)
2b = 0,03n
85
Al(NO3 )3 : a
52,32 52,32 213a
52,32 213a
= 3a 0,06n + 8
BTE

NH 4 NO3 : 80
80

Mg(NO3 )2 : b
42,36 42,36 148b
42,36 148b = 2b 0,03n + 8
BTE
NH 4 NO3 : 80
80
=
27a 24a 0 = a 0,24(mol)

336b 243a
= 32,4 =
b 0,27(mol)
n
.v
Cu 19. Chn p n A
om
Vi trng hp ny ta i th p n l hay nht (lu p n A)
NO3 : 3,1 Mg(NO3 )2 : 0,45
TH1 :=
m 10,8 = = 10,8
m 108.0,1
Mg : 0,45 Fe(NO3 )x .c
Trng hp ny Fe3+ cha b chuyn ht v Fe2+ nn cht rn ch l Ag
ok
NO3 : 3,1
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0,625
=
TH 2 : m 15 3,1 0,625.2
Mg : 0,625 =Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,925
bo
2
Ag : 0,1
m= 15
et
Fe :1 0,925
Cu 20. Chn p n C
vi
n FeO.Fe2 O3 = 0,015 Fe2 + : 0,015(mol)

ng
n H+ = 0,128 Cl : 0,128(mol)
0,128.(108 + 35,5) < m < 0,128.(108 + 35,5) + 0,015.108
a
18,368 < m < 19,988

kh
bi chi c ri.Chn khong cng khng suy ra ngay c . Phi tnh thm
cht na vy.
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
du ne =
0,006
n H+ =
0,128 2.0,015.4 =
0,008
n Ag = 0,015 0,006= 0,009(mol)
m=
m AgCl + 0,009.108 =
19,34(gam)
Cu 21. Chn p n D
86
n OH = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 n H2 O = 0,5(mol)

BTKL
m H3PO4 + 0,2.40 + 0,3.56
= 35,4 + 0,5.18
m
.2.98 + 24,8= 44,4 m= 14,2(gam)
142
Cu 22. Chn p n B
n HCl = 0,1(mol) AgCl : 0,1(mol)
= n OH 0,08(mol)=
m 23,63(gam)
n H2 = 0,09(mol) Ag 2 O : 0,04(mol)
Cu 23. Chn p n B
n
=
m Al2 (SO 4 )3
80,37 n Al2 (SO
= 4 )3
0,235
BT mol ion
n=
SO2
= n H2SO4
0,705
4
.v
0,705.98 80,37
m
= dd
H 2 SO 4 = 352,5
BTKL
0,21302
=
0,196 352,5 + m m H2
om
80,37
= m=
25,088 (gam)
352,5 + m 0,3
Cu 24. Chn p n C
.c
Fe3+ : a + 3b
ok
FeS 2 : a (mol ) BTNT ( Fe + S )
NO : 0, 4(mol )
SO42 : 2a ;
Fe3O4 : b(mol ) NO2 : 0, 24(mol )
bo
NO3 : c
15a + b =1, 44
a= b= 0,09(mol )
N = 1,36(mol )
et
3a + 9b = 4a + c
56(a + 3b) + 2a.96 + 62c = c = 0,72(mol )
82,08
vi
Cu 25. Chn p n D
ng
Ta s s dng phng trnh: 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
n = 0,1(mol) n H+ = 0,5(mol)
C ngay: Fe
a

n Cu = 0,1(mol) n NO3 = 0,1 n e = 0,3(mol)
kh
Fe2 + : 0,1(mol)

dd B Cu 2 + : 0,05(mol)
Cl : 0,4(mol) H + : 0,1(mol)

Ch : Cho AgNO 3 vo th dung dch c thm NO3 nn:
Fe +2 1e =
Fe +3 (0,075 mol)
Ag : 0,025(mol)
m=
60,1(gam)
AgCl : 0,4(mol)
87
BI TP TNG HP S 2
Cu 1. (Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) Hn hp X gm KCl v KClO 3 .Ngi ta cho
thm 10 gam MnO 2 vo 39,4 gam hn hp X thu dc hn hp Y. Nung y nhit
cao c cht rn Z v kh P. Cho Z vo dung dch AgNO 3 ly d thu c
67,4 gam cht rn. Ly 1/3 kh P sc vao dung dch cha 0,5mol FeSO 4 v 0,3mol
H 2 SO 4 thu c dd Q. Cho dd Ba(OH) 2 ly d vo dung dch Q thu c X gam
kt ta. Bit cc phn ng hon ton, Gi tr ca X l:
A. 185,3 B. 197,5 C. 212,4 D. 238,2
Cu 2.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) Cho 0,4 mol Fe tan ht vo dung dch cha 0,65
n
mol H 2 SO 4 long thu c dung dch Y. Sc tip vo dung dch Y 0,08 mol O 2
.v
thu c dung dch Z. Cho dung dch Z tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ly d
thu c x gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca x l:
om
A. 76,55gam B. 85,44gam
C. 96,445gam D. 103,45gam
Cu 3.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) Hp th ht x lt CO 2 ktc vo mt dung dch
.c
cha 0,4mol KOH , 0,3 mol NaOH 0,4 mol K 2 CO 3 thu c dung dch Y .Cho
dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 thu c 39,4gam kt ta. Bit cc
ok
phn ng hon ton. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 20,16 lt B. 18,92 lt
bo
C. 16,72 lt D. 15,68 lt.

Cu 4.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) Hn hp X(Na,K,Ba)trong X c s mol ca Ba
bng mt na s mol ca hn hp. Cho m gam hn hp X tan ht trong H 2 O, thu
et
c dd Y v kh H 2 . Cho ton b kh H 2 to ra i qua mt ng cha 0,3mol CuO

v 0,2 mol FeO nung nng,sau phn ng thu c 33,6gam cht rn trong ng.
vi
em ton b dung dch Y cho vo mt dung dch cha 0,2mol HCl;0,02 mol AlCl 3
ng
v 0,05 mol Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 thu c y gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng hon ton. Gi
tr ca y l:
A. 41,19 B.52,30 C.37,58 D.58,22
a
Cu 5.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) X l mt tripeptit, Y l mt pentapeptit,u

kh
mch h. Hn hp Q gm X;Y c t l mol tng ng l 2:3. Thy phn hon ton

149,7 gam hn hp Q bng H 2 O (xc tc axit) thu c 178,5 gam hn hp cc
aminoaxit. Cho 149,7 gam hn hp Q vo dung dch cha 1 mol KOH;1,5 mol
NaOH,un nng hn hp phn ng thy phn xy ra hon ton thu c dd A.
Tng khi lng cht tan trong dung dch A c gi tr l:
A.185,2gam B.199,8gam
C.212,3gam D.256,7gam
Cu 6.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) Hn hp X gm Fe(NO 3 ) 2 v KCl. Cho 80,7
gam X tan ht vo H 2 O thu c dd Y. in phn dung dch Y (c mng
ngn,in cc tr) n khi H 2 O bt u in phn hai cc th dng in phn.
88
Thy s mol kh thot ra anot bng 3 ln s mol kh thot ra t catot. Ly dung

dch Y cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d thu c y gam kt ta. Cc phn
ng hon ton. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 86,1 B.53,85 C.43,05 D.29,55
Cu 7.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) X l mt ancol ,khi un X vi H 2 SO 4 c
nhit 180oC thu c 3 anken ng phn. t chy hon ton 0,23 mol hn hp
Q gm X v axit pentaonic cn x mol O 2 . em ton b sn phm chy hp th ht
vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ly d thu c 200,94 gam kt ta v khi lng dd baz
gim y gam. Gi tr tng ng ca x,y ln lt l:
A.1,11 v 125,61 B.1,43 v 140,22
C.1,71 v 98,23 D.1,43 v 135,36
n
Cu 8.(Chuyn H Nam 2014 ) X;Y l 2 hp cht hu c ,mch h c hn nhau
.v
mt nguyn t cacbon,thnh phn ch gm C,H,O. M X >M Y . t chy hon ton
0,34 mol hn hp Q gm X v Y ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo mt dung
om
dch cha 0,3 mol Ba(OH) 2 ;0,1 mol KOH sau hp th thu c 39,4 gam kt ta.
Khi cho 0,34 mol hn hp Q vo mt dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH n phn ng
hon ton,thu c dung dch khng cn baz. T khi ca X so vi Y nhn gi tr
.c
no sau y?
ok
A.1,438 B.2,813 C.2,045 D.1,956
Cu 9. Cho 1,28g Cu vo 12,6g dd HNO3 60% thu c dd X (ko c ion NH4+) Sau
cho X tc dng hon ton vs 105ml dd KOH 1M, sau lc b kt ta c dd Y.
bo
C cn Y c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng ko i, thu c 8,78g cht rn. Tnh

C% Cu(NO3)2 trong X.
et
A.31,438 B.42,813 C.29,045 D.28,67

Cu 10: Hn hp A gm Fe(NO 3 ) 2 , BaCl 2 , NH 4 NO 3 c ha tan vo nc c
vi
dd X. Chia dd X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.

- Phn 1: Cho HCl (rt d) vo v un nng thot ra 448 ml kh NO. Tip tc
ng
thm 1 mu Cu d vo v un nng thy thot ra tip 3136 ml kh NO. Cc kh o

ktc.
a
- Phn 2: Cho Na 2 CO 3 (rt d) vo to ra 12,87 g kt ta. % khi lng ca

kh
Fe(NO 3 ) 2 trong hh A l:
A.35,13% B.35,27% C.53,36% D.30,35%
Cu 11: Nung 14,38 g hh KClO 3 v KMnO 4 1 thi gian c hh cht rn A v
1,344 l kh (ktc) thot ra. Cho dd HCl c d vo A n khi cc phn ng kt thc
thy c 3,36 l kh (ktc) thot ra (cho rng cc kh to thnh u thot ht khi dd).
Thnh phn % khi lng ca KMnO 4 trong hh ban u bng:
A. 60% B. 65,9% C. 42,8% D. 34,1%
Cu 12: t chy 16,1 g Na trong bnh cha y kh O 2 , sau 1 thi gian thu c
m g hh rn Y gm Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2 v Na d. Ha tan ht ton b lng Y trn vo
nc nng, sinh ra 5,04 l (ktc) hh kh Z, c t khi so vi He l 3. Gi tr ca m l:
89
A.18,8 B.21,7 C.18,5 D.21,4

Cu 13: Hoa tan ht m gam hn hp gm Na va Ba vao dung dich Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 thu
c 5,6 lit H 2 ( ktc); dung dich X va 57,52 gam kt tua . Suc khi CO 2 n d
vao dung dich X, loc ly kt tua nung n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02 gam
cht rn. Phn trm khi lng Na trong hn hp kim loai la
A.7,744% B.15,488%
C.12,460% D.1,370%
Cu 14: Nhung la st vao 150 ml dung dich cha CuCl 2 1M va HCl 2M. Sau mt
thi gian, thu c dung dich X; 2,24 lit H 2 ( ktc) va la st ly ra co khi lng
thay i 5,2 gam so vi ban u . Thm tip 2,125 gam NaNO 3 vao dung dich X ,
kt thuc phan ng thu c khi NO (san phm kh duy nht) va dung dich cha m
n
gam mui. Gia tri m la:
.v
A. 32,475 gam B. 37,075 gam
om
C. 36,675 gam D. 16,9725 gam
Cu 15: Hn hp rn X gm FeO v Fe 3 O 4 c t l mol 2:1. Dn kh CO i qua m
gam X nung nng thu c 20 gam hn hp rn Y. Ha tan ht Y vo dung dch
H 2 SO 4 c nng, d thu c 5,6 lt SO 2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr
.c
ca m l:
ok
A. 22,56 B. 24,08 C. 20,68 D. 24,44
Cu 16: Ha tan ht 9,1 gam hn hp X gm Al v Mg, Zn vo 500 ml dung dch
HNO 3 4M thu c 0,448 lt N 2 (ktc) v dung dch Y. Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng
bo
nhau.
- Phn 1: c cn thu c m gam cht rn khan.
et
- Phn 2: tc dng va vi 530ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 2,9 gam kt

ta.
vi
Gi tr ca m l:
ng
A. 25,76 B. 38,40 C. 33,79 D. 32,48

Cu 17: Cho 5,52 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 v FeS 2 tc dng vi V lt dung
dch HNO 3 1M (ly d), n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X v 4,704
a
lt NO 2 (ktc) sn phm kh duy nht. Dung dch X phn ng va vi 270 ml

kh
dung dch NaOH 1M thu c kt ta, nung kt ta ny trong khng kh n khi

lng khng i thu c 5,6 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,39. B. 0,21. C. 0,44. D. 0,23.
Cu 18: Cho 0,2 mol Fe tc dng vi 600 ml dung dch HNO 3 2M, n phn ng
hon ton thu c dung dch X (khng cha ion NH 4 +) v hn hp hai kh (c t
l mol 1:3). Cho X tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 2M , sau lc b kt
ta thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng
khng i thu c 63,2 gam cht rn khan. Hai kh l:
A. N 2 v N 2 O. B. N 2 v NO 2 .
C. NO v N 2 O. D. NO v NO 2 .
90
Cu 19: Cho 5 gam bt Mg vo dd KNO 3 v H 2 SO 4 , un nh trong iu kin thch

hp n khi p xy ra hon ton thu c dd A cha m gam mui v 1,792 lt hh kh B
(kc)gm 2 kh k0 mu trong c 1 kh ho nu ngoi khng kh v cn li 0,44
gam cht rn khng tan. Bit t khi hi ca B i vi H 2 = 11,5. Gi tr ca m l?
A. 27,96 B. 31,08 C. 36,04 D. 29,72
Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl 2 v NaCl (c t l s mol
1 : 2) vo nc (d) c dd X. Cho dd AgNO 3 (d) vo X, sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 28,7 B. 68,2 C. 57,4 D. 10,8
Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 2,40 gam FeS 2 trong dd H 2 SO 4 c, nng (d). Ton
b kh thu c cho li vo dd brom d. Khi lng brom (theo gam) tham gia
n
phn ng l:
.v
A. 17,6 B. 8,8 C. 12 D. 24
om
Cu 22: Chia 156,8 gam hn hp A gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 thnh hai phn bng
nhau. Cho P 1 t/d ht vi dd HCl d c 155,4 gam mui khan. P 2 tc dng va
vi dd B cha HCl, H 2 SO 4 long c 167,9 gam mui khan. S mol ca HCl
trong dd B l:
A. 1 B. 1,75 C. 1,5
.c D. 1,8
ok
Cu 23: Ha tan ht mt hn hp X (0,3 mol Fe 3 O 4 ; 0,25 mol Fe; 0,2 mol CuO)
vo mt dung dch hn hp HCl 3M; HNO 3 4M. Sau phn ng hon ton thu
c dung dch Y (trong ch cha mui st (III) v mui ng (II)) v kh NO
bo
(l sn phm gim s oxi ha duy nht ca N). Tng khi lng mui trong dung
dch Y nhn gi tr l
et
A. 268,2gam. B. 368,1gam.
C. 423,2gam. D. 266,9gam.
vi
Cu 24: Nhng mt thanh Magie vo dung dch c cha 0,8 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,05
mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra cn li thy khi lng tng
ng
11,6 gam. Khi lng Magie phn ng l:

A. 6,96 gam B. 20,88 gam
a
C. 25,2 gam D. 24 gam

kh
Cu 25: Trn 21,6 gam bt Al vi m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 thu

c hn hp Y. Nung Y nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh n
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt H 2 ktc. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi dung dch
HNO 3 long d thu c 19,04 lt NO l sn phm kh duy nht ktc. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 58,6. B. 46. C. 62. D. 50,8.
Cu 26. Cho 12,4 gam kim loi M tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c x gam mui.
Cn nu cho 12,4 gam kim loi M tc dng ht vi dd HNO 3 d th thu c y
gam mui v c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Bit x v y chnh lch nhau
91
25,464 gam. Nung nng a gam hh gm oxit MO v cacbon trong bnh kn, thu
c 4,48 lt hh CO, CO 2 c t khi so vi heli bng 9. Bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 22,8 B. 24,9 C. 21,6 D. 24,0
Cu 27: Cho 12 gam kim loi Mg phn ng va vi dung dch cha 0,75 mol
H 2 SO 4 , sau phn ng thu c hn hp sn phm A v c V lt hn hp kh X
(ktc) gm 0,2 mol SO 2 v a mol kh H 2 bay ra. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72 lt B. 11,2 lt C. 7,84 lt D. 8,96 lt
Cu 28: in phn dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaCl va x mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 vi in cc
tr, sau mt thi gian thu c d ung dich X va khi lng dung dich giam 21,5
n
gam. Cho thanh st vao dung dich X n khi cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan thy
khi lng thanh st giam 1,8 gam v thy thot ra kh NO duy nht. Gia tri ca x
.v
la:
om
A. 0,4. B. 0,5. C. 0,6. D. 0,3.
Cu 29: in phn hn hp 0,2 mol NaCl v a mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 sau mt thi gian
thu c dung dch X v khi lng dung dch gim 21,5 gam. Cho thanh st vo
.c
dung dch X n phn ng hon ton thy khi lng thanh st gim 2,6 gam v
ok
thot ra kh NO duy nht. Tnh a?
A.0,2 B.0,4 C.0,6 D.0,5
Cu 30: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,3 mol AgNO 3 bng cng
bo
dng in 2,68 ampe, trong thi gian t (gi) thu c dung dch X. Cho 22,4
gam bt Fe vo dung dch X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) thu
et
c 34,28 gam cht rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca t l:

A. 1,25. B. 1,40. C. 1,00. D. 1,20.
vi
ng
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn D(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )
a
KCl : a(mol)
74,5a + 122,5b =
kh
39,4 39,4
KClO3 : b(mol) a = 0,2
n O2 = 1,5b = 0,3
67,4 AgCl : 0,4(mol) a + b = b = 0,2
0,4
MnO 2 :10(mol)
SO24 : 0,8(mol) BaSO 4 : 0,8(mol)

1
3+
P = 0,1O2

3
Q Fe : 0,4(mol) BTNT
X = 238,2 Fe(OH)3 : 0,4(mol)
Fe2 + : 0,1(mol) Fe(OH) : 0,1(mol)
2
Ch : Ta suy ra cc cht trong Q bng BTE v n O2 = 0,1 n +e = 0, 4 = n Fe3+
92
Cu 2.C(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )

n SO2 =0,65 n BaSO4 =0,65
4 1
2+ 0,32(mol) : Fe(OH)3
2
x = 96,445(gam)
0,4Fe + 0,08O 2
0,08(mol) : Fe(OH)2
Cu 3. A(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )

K + :1,2(mol)
+
n
Na : 0,3(mol)
Y
.v
HCO3 : a(mol)
CO2 : 0,2(mol) n
3 BaCO3 =
0,2(mol)
om

BTDT
1,2 + 0,3
= a + 0,2.2 =
a 1,1(mol)

BTNT.cacbon
n=
C 0,2 + 1,1
= 1,3
= x + 0,4 =
x 0,9(mol)
Cu 4.A(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )
.c
0,3(mol) : CuO 34,8 33,6
ok
= m 34,8
= n H2 = 0,3(mol)
0,2(mol) : FeO 16

bo
R : a(mol)
n=OH 0,6(mol)

Ba : a(mol)
et

R : 0,2(mol)
a + 2a= 0,6

Ba : 0,2(mol)
vi
H + : 0,2
3+ + 0,6 OH 0,4
= 0,12.3 + (0,12 x) =
x 0,08
ng
Al : 0,02 + 0,05.2 = 0,12

2
SO 4 : 0,15 BaSO 4 : 0,15
a
BaSO 4 : 0,15(mol)
y=
kh
41,19(gam)
Al(OH)3 : 0,08(mol)
Cu 5. D(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )

X(tri) : 2a

Y(penta) : 3a
178,5 149,7
H 2 O : = 1,6
18
93
2a.2 + 3a.4 = 1,6 a = 0,1 n COOH = 2a.3 + 3a.5 = 21a = 2,1 < n OH

BTKL
178,5 + 1.56 + 1,5.40
= m + 2,1.18 = m 256,7(gam)
Cu 6. B(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )
Fe(NO3 )2 : a(mol)
BTKL
180a + 74,5b = 80,7

80,7 b b
KCl : b n H2 = (mol) 2a + 2 = b
catot BTE
2.3 6
a = 0,2(mol)

b = 0,6(mol)
n
1
Y Fe2 + : 0,1 Ag : 0,1

2
y = 53,85(gam)
.v
Cl : 0,3 AgCl : 0,3
Cu 7. D (Chuyn H Nam 2014 )
om
C 4 H10 O : a
X : C 4 H10 O 0,23Q = 4a + 5b
1, 02
C 5 H10 O2 : b
a + b =
.c 0,23
n
= 1, =
02 n =
C 4a + 5b
ok
= a 0,13(mol) CO2 :1,02(mol)

b = 0,1(mol) H 2 O :1,15(mol)
bo

BTNT.oxi
a + 2b=
+ 2x 1,02.2 + 1,15=
x 1,43(mol)
=
BTKL
m 200,94 (1,02.44 + 1,15.18)
= 135,36(gam)
et
Cu 8. D(Chuyn H Nam 2014 )

Ba 2 + : 0,3 0,7
vi

+ CO2 n = 0,2 n CO = + (0,35 0,2) = 0,5(mol)
OH : 0,7
2
2

ng
Y(1C) : a = a + b 0,34= a 0,18(mol) KOH:0,35

= C 1,47
X(2C) : b a =
+ 2b 0,5 = b 0,16(mol)
Y : HCOOH
a

kh
X : HOOC COOH

90
d= = 1,956
46
Cu 9. D
94
KOH : a(mol)= a + b 0,105= a 0,005(mol)

8,78
KNO2 : b(mol) 56a += 85b 8,75 = b 0,1(mol)

BTNT.nito
N
= 0,12 =
0,1 0,02(mol)

NO : 0,01(mol)
=n Cu 0,02(mol) = n e 0,04(mol)
NO2 : 0,01(mol)
0,02.188
%Cu(NO3 )2 = = 28,67%
12,6 + 1,28 0,01(30 + 46)
n
.v
om
Cu 10: C
NO : 0,02 Fe 2+ : 0,06 Fe( NO3 ) 2 : 0,06(mol )

Cu NO : 0,14

NO3 =0,16
NH 4 NO3 : 0,04(mol )
.c
FeCO3 : 0,06(mol )
12,87 BaCO : 0,03(mol )
ok
3
Cu 11: B
122,5a + =
158b 14,38 = a 0,04(mol )
bo

6a + 5a= 0, 24 + 0,3 b= 0,06(mol )
Cu 12: B
et
Na : 0,3
H 2 : 0,15(mol ) Na : 0,3
vi
0, 225 m Na2O2 : 0,15

O2 : 0,075(mol ) Na2O2 : 0,15 Na2O : 0,05
ng
Cu 13: A
Al (OH )3
a
nH 2 = 0, 25 nOH = 0,5 57,52

BaSO4
kh
X + CO2
du
1,02 : Al O = 0,01
2 3
Al 3+
: x 3 x + 0,02= 0,5 x= 0,16
Al (OH )3 : 0,14 Ba : 0, 2(mol )
57,52
BaSO4 : 0, 2 < 0, 24 SO42
= Na : 0,1(mol )
Cu 14: C
95
H + : 0,1(mol )
Cu 2+ : 0,15(mol ) 2+
+ Cu : a (mol ) 2a + 2b + 0,1 =0,6
H : 0,3(mol ) X 2+
H : 0,1(mol ) Fe : b(mol ) 56b 64(0,15 a ) =
5, 2
2
Cl : 0,6(mol )
Fe2 + : 0, 075
3+
Fe : 0, 075
a = 0,1 NaNO3 : 0, 025
+ +
m Na + : 0, 025
b = 0,15 4 H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2 O 2 +
Cu : 0,1
n
Cl : 0, 6
.v

m=
36, 675( gam)
om
Cu 15:A .c
Fe : 5a
FeO : 2a (mol )
20 20 5a.56
ok
Ta c ngay:
Fe3O4 : a (mol ) O : 16
20 5a.56
bo
3.5a= 0, 25.2 + .2 a= 0,06 A

16
Cu 16: C
et
NaNO3 : a(mol) a + b + 2c =
1,06

nNa = 1,06 NaAlO2 : b(mol) 27b + 65c + 0,05.24 = 9,1: 2
vi
Na ZnO : c(mol) 3b + 2c + 0,05.2 = 0,01.10 + 8(1 0,01.2 a)

2
ng
a = 0,94(mol) kim loai : 4,55

b 0,1(mol) m NO3 : 0,01.10 + 0,04.8
=
a
c = 0,01(mol) NH NO : 0,04
kh
4 3
Ch : ci ch (1-0,01.1 a ) chnh l s mol NH 3 thot ra v = NH 4 NO 3

Cu 17:C
D thy 5,6 l Fe 2 O 3 do
=n Fe2 O3 0,035(mol) =
BTNT.Fe
n Fe( OH ) 0,07(mol)
3
Do c ngay :
Fe : 0,07(mol)
=
16a + 32b 1,6 = a 0,06(mol)
5,52 O : a(mol)
CDLBT

S : b(mol) 6b + 0,07.3 =0,21 + 2a b =0,02(mol)

96
BTNT c ngay

BTNT.S
Na 2 SO 4 : 0,02
BTNT.Na
NaNO3 : 0,27 0,04 = 0,23(mol)

BTNT.Nito
= =
N HNO 3 0,23 + 0,21
= 0,44(mol)
Cu 18: D
NaNO2 : a(mol)
BTNT.Na
a + b =1
Cht rn cui cng l: BTKL
NaOH : b(mol)
69a + 40b = 63,2
a = 0,8(mol) BTNT.nito
N=
1,2 0,8 = 0,4(mol)
b = 0,2(mol)
NO : 0,1(mol)
n
BTE nhn ap an

= n e 0,2.3
= 0,6(mol) D
NO2 : 0,3(mol)
.v
om
Cu 19:B .c
0,38 0,06.3 0,02.2
NH 4+ : = 0,02
NO : 0,06
ok
8
2 +
H 2 : 0,02 ne =0,38 m Mg : 0,19
K + : 0,08
bo
Mg = 0,19
pu

SO42 : 0, 24
m = 31,08( gam)
et
BTKL
Cu 20:B
vi
Ch : Fe2 + + Ag + Fe3+ + Ag
ng
FeCl 2 : 0,1(mol) BTE + BTNT Ag : 0,1(mol)

24,4 m = 68,2
NaCl : 0,2(mol) AgCl : 0,4(mol)
a
Cu 21: D
Bi ny dng BTE thun ty.Tuy nhin c nhiu bn bn khon khng bit S
kh
nn S+6 hay S+4. trnh nhm ln cc bn c t duy c bn nh sau: vi FeS 2 th

S s ln S+6 cn SO 2 l do axit sinh ra. Do c ngay :
= =
n FeS 2 0,02(mol) ne =
0,02.15 0,3(mol)
=
BTE
n SO2 0,15(mol)
Br + 2e =
2Br BTE
Cho qua Br 2 : +42
= n Br2 =
n SO2 0,15 =
m 24(gam)
S +6
S 2e =
Cu 22: D
Vi phn 1:
97

Fe : a(mol) Fe : a
78,4 155,4
O : b =n H2 O b(mol) =
BTNT.hidro, clo
n Cl 2b Cl : 2b
=
56a + 16b 78,4 = a 1

56a + 35,5.2b
= 155,4 = b 1,4
Vi phn 2: Ch s mol in tch m l 2,8 khng i do :
Fe :1(mol)

BTKL
=35,5c + 96d = 111,9 c 1,8(mol)
167,9 Cl : c(mol) BTDT
SO2 : d(mol) c + 2d = 2,8 d = 0,5(mol)
4
n
Cu 23: A
Fe3O 4 : 0,3(mol)
.v

X Fe : 0,25(mol) n e 1,05(mol) =
= n NO 0,35(mol)
om
CuO : 0,2(mol)

3a : Cl
BTDT
n(Cl= 0,3.3.3 + 0,25.3 =
+
.c0,2.2 3,85
4a 0,35 : NO3
+ NO3 )
1,8 : Cl
ok
a= 0,6
2,05 : NO3

bo
m muoi =m KL + m anion =1,15.56 + 0,2.64 + 1,8.35,5 + 2,05.62 =268,2(gam)

Cu 24: C
et
Vi tnh cht ca trc nghim vic bin lun xem xy ra TH no th kh mt thi

gian. Do ,ta nn th vi TH nghi ng cao nht. Nu c p n th ok lun.
Mg(NO3 )2 : a(mol)
vi

NO=3 2,5

Fe(NO3 )2 :
2,5 2a
ng
BT.ion

2
2,5 2a
=
BTKL
11,6 0,05.64 + 56(0,8 ) 24a
= a 1,05(mol)
a
2
kh
Cu 25:D
0,3H 2 BTE
Al : 0,2
Fe : a
BTNT oxi
0,8Al + m Z Al 2 O3 : 0,3 + HNO3 NO : 0,85
O : b Fe : a

Fe : 0,65(mol)
BTE
0,2.3=
+ 3a 0,85.3= a 0,65= m 50,8
O : 0,9(mol)
Cu 26. D
98
12,4 12,4
BTE ta c ngay=
: m .62m =.35,5n 25,464
M M
12,4 ( 62m 35,5n ) =25,464M
M = 56 m = 3 n = 2
a + b =0,2
CO : a(mol)
Khi : 0,2 28a + 44b
CDLBT
CO2 : b(mol) 0,2 = 36

CO : 0,1(mol) n C = 0,2(mol)

BTNT

CO2 : 0,1(mol) n= = n Fe
0,3
n
O
=

BTKL
m(Fe,C,O) 24(gam)
a =
.v
Cu 27:C
om
12
n Mg = = 0,5(mol) n MgSO4 = 0,5 n S = 0,25(mol)
24
BTNT : Hidro 0,75 mol H 2 SO 4

BTNT hidro

.c
H 2 : a
H 2 O : 0,75 a
ok
BTNT Oxi : O trong H2 SO4 O(MgSO ;SO ;H O)
4 2 2
bo
0,75.5
= 0,5.4 + 0,2.2 + 0,75 a =
a 0,15(mol)
V = (0,2+0,15).22,4 = 7,84(lt)
et
Ch : y d dng tm ra c c 1 sn phm kh na l 0,05 mol S (dng

vi
BTE kt hp BTNT s c ngay kt qu)

Cu 28:B
ng
Cl 1e Cl Cu 2 + + 2e Cu
2 H 2O 4e 4 H + + O2 (a mol )
a
kh
0, 2 + 4a
0, 2.35,5 + 32a + .64= 21,5 a= 0,05 nCu dp
= 0, 2
2
NaNO3 : 0, 2

nH=
+ 4=
a 0, 2 nNO= 0,05
BTNT .nito
2 x 0,05 0, 2
Fe( NO3 ) 2 : 2
2 x 0,05 0, 2
=1,8 56. 64(
= x 0, 2) x 0,5mol
2
Cu 29:B
99
Cl 1e Cl
Cu 2+ + 2e Cu
+
2 H 2O 4e 4 H + O2 ( xmol )
0, 2 + 4 x
0, 2.35,5 + 32 x + .64= 21,5 x= 0,05 nCu= 0, 2
2
NaNO3 : 0, 2

nH=
+ 4=
x 0, 2 nNO= 0,05
BTNT .nito
2a 0,05 0, 2
Fe( NO3 ) 2 : 2
2a 0,05 0, 2
=2,6 56. 64(
= a 0, 2) a 0, 4mol
n
2
Cu 30: D
.v
Ag + + 1e Ag 2H 2 O 4e 4H + + O2
om
NO3 : 0,3 0,3 a

a(mol) a Fe ( NO )
3 2 : 4
NO : 2
4 .c
Bo ton khi lng ta c ngay:
ok
0,3 a
22,4 + 108(0,3 a)
= 34,28 + 56. 4
bo
2
=
a 0,12 =
t 1,2h
BI TP TNG HP S 3
et
vi
Cu 1: t chy hn hp gm 1,92 gam Mg v 4,48 gam Fe vi hn hp kh X

gm clo v oxi, sau phn ng ch thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit v mui
ng
clorua (khng cn kh d). Ha tan Y bng mt lng va 120 ml dung dch

HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Z. Cho dung dch Z tc dng hon ton vi lng d
a
AgNO 3 , thu c 56,69 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca clo trong hn hp X
kh
l:
A. 76,70%. B. 56,36%. C. 51,72%. D. 53,85%.
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm CuO, Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 tc dng ht vi 300 ml
dung dch H 2 SO 4 1M v HNO 3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dung dch Y v 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ti thiu
cn cho vo dung dch Y thu c lng kt ta ln nht l:
A. 800 ml. B. 400 ml. C. 600 ml. D. 900 ml.
Cu 3: Ha tan hon ton 1,28 gam Cu vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol HNO 3 thu
c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO 2 . Cho X tc dng hon ton
100
vi 105 ml dung dch KOH 1M, sau lc b kt ta c dung dch Y 1 . C cn

Y 1 c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng khng i, thu c 8,78 gam cht
rn. T khi ca kh Y so vi He l:
A. 9. B. 10. C. 9,5. D. 8.
Cu 4: Ha tan ht mt hn hp X (0,3 mol Fe 3 O 4 ; 0,25 mol Fe; 0,2 mol CuO)
vo mt dung dch hn hp HCl 3M; HNO 3 4M. Sau phn ng hon ton thu
c dung dch Y (trong ch cha mui st (III) v mui ng (II)) v kh NO
(l sn phm gim s oxi ha duy nht ca N). Tng khi lng mui trong dung
dch Y nhn gi tr l
A. 268,2gam. B. 368,1gam.
n
C. 423,2gam. D. 266,9gam.
.v
Cu 5: Cho m gam Fe vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp gm H 2 SO 4 0,1M; Cu(NO 3 ) 2
0,1M, Fe(NO 3 ) 3 0,1M . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,69m
om
gam hn hp kim loi, dung dch X v kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht ). Gi tr
m v khi lng cht rn khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X ln lt l
A. 20 gam v 78,5 gam.
.c
B. 20 gam v 55,7 gam.
C. 25,8 gam v 78,5 gam. D. 25,8 gam v 55,7 gam.
ok
Cu 6: Dung dch A cha a mol HCl v b mol HNO 3 . Cho A tc dng vi mt
lng va m gam Al thu c dung dch B v 7,84 lt hn hp kh C (ktc) gm
bo
NO, N 2 O v H 2 c t khi so vi H 2 l 8,5. Trn C vi mt lng O 2 va v un

nng cho phn ng hon ton, ri dn kh thu c qua dung dch NaOH d thy
cn li 0,56 lt kh (ktc) thot ra. Gi tr ca a v b tng ng l:
et
A. 0,1 v 2. B. 1 v 0,2.
vi
C. 2 v 0,1 D. 0,2 v 1.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 0,02 mol FeS 2 v 0,01 mol FeS ri cho
ng
kh thu c hp th ht vo dung dch KMnO 4 va , thu c V lt dung dch

c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l:
a
A. 8 B. 4. C. 6. D. 2.
kh
Cu 8: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FeS 2 v Cu 2 S vo axit HNO 3

(va ), thu c dung dch X ch cha hai mui sunfat v 2,24 lt (ktc) kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,0. B. 3,6. C. 2,0. D. 2,4.
Cu 9. Nung hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO 3 v b mol FeS 2 trong bnh kn cha
khng kh d. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban
u, thu c cht rn duy nht Fe 2 O 3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut hn hp trc
v sau khi phn ng bng nhau. Mi lin h gia a v b l:
A. a = b B. a = 2b C. a = 4b D. a = 0,5b.
101
Cu 10: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl 2 1M vo 500 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M, sau
phn ng hon ton khi lng kt ta thu c l
Cu 11: Cho 4,3 gam hn hp BaCl 2 v CaCl 2 vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp
Na 2 CO 3 0,1M v (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 0,25M thy to thnh 3,97 gam kt ta R. Tnh s
mol ca mi cht trong R:
A. 0,01 mol BaCO 3 v 0,02 mol CaCO 3
B. 0,015 mol BaCO 3 v 0,01 mol CaCO 3
C. 0,01 mol BaCO 3 v 0,015 mol CaCO 3
D. 0,02 mol BaCO 3 v 0,01 mol CaCO 3
n
Cu 12: Ha tan 14g hn hp Cu,Fe 3 O 4 vo dung dch HCl sau phn ng cn d
.v
2,16 gam hn hp cht rn v dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi AgNO 3 d thu
c khi lng kt ta l:
om
A.47,40g B.58,88g C.45,92g D.12,96g
.c
ok
Cu 13:Hn hp X gm Cu,Fe v Mg. Nu cho 10,88 gam X tc dng vi clo d
th sau phn ng thu c 28,275g hn hp mui khan. Mt khc 0,44 mol X tc
dng vi dd HCl d th thu c 5,376 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Cu
bo
trong X l:
A. 67,92% B.37,23% C.43,52% D.58,82%
et
Cu 14: Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp gm S;FeS;FeS 2 trong HNO 3 d thu
c 0,48 mol NO 2 v dung dch X . Cho dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d vo X,lc kt ta
vi
nung n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:

ng
A.17,545gam B.18,355 gam

C.15,145 gam D.2,4 gam
a
Cu 15. Hon tan hon ton 24 gam hn hp X gm MO, M(OH) 2 v MCO 3 (M l

kim loi c ha tr khng i) trong 100 gam dung dch H 2 SO 4 39,2% thu c
kh
1,12 lt kh ktc v dung dch Y ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng
39,41%. Kim loi M l :
A. Zn B. Cu C. Mg D. Ca
Cu 16. Trn kh SO 2 v kh O 2 thnh hn hp X c khi lng mol trung bnh 48
gam. Cho mt t V 2 O 5 vo trong hn hp X, nung nng hn hp n 400OC th thu
c hn hp kh Y. Bit hiu sut phn ng l 80%. Tnh % V ca SO 3 trong hn
hp kh Y l:
A.50% B. 66,67% C. 57,14% D. 28,57
102
Cu 17. Cho 10,8 gam hn hp Fe v Fe x O y tan hon ton trong dd HNO 3

long thu c dd X v 1,12 lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Bit X
ha tan ti a 19,2 gam Cu (NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 ), s mol dd
HNO 3 c trong dd ban u l:
A.0,65 B.1,2 C.0,8 D.1,1
Cu 18. Cho 23,2g hn hp X gm lu hunh v st mt bnh kn khng cha
khng kh. Nung bnh cho n khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A. Cho A
tc dng vi axit H 2 SO 4 long, d thuc c kh B c t khi i vi N 2 l 1/1,2 .
Phn trm khi lng ca lu hunh trong hn hp X l:
A.20,69% B.27,59% C.16,55% D.48,28
n
Cu 19: Trn 21,6 gam bt Al vi m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 thu
.v
c hn hp Y. Nung Y nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh n
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Z. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch
om
NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt H 2 ktc. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi dung dch
HNO 3 long d thu c 19,04 lt NO l sn phm kh duy nht ktc. Gi tr
ca m l: .c
A. 58,6. B. 46. C. 62. D. 50,8.
Cu 20: Cho 4,8 (g) Br 2 nguyn cht vo dung dch cha 12,7 (g) FeCl 2 thu c
ok
dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO 3 d vo X thu c a(g) kt ta . Gi tr a l:
A. 28,5 (g) B. 55,58(g) C. 39,98(g) D. 44,3(g)
bo
Cu 21: Ha tan ht hn hp X gm FeS 2 , Cu 2 S v Cu trong V ml dung dch

HNO 3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y ch cha
et
hai mui sunfat v 5,376 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l :

A. 960. B. 240. C. 120. D. 480.
vi
Cu 22: Hn hp M gm 4 axit cacboxylic. Cho m gam M phn ng ht vi dung

dch NaHCO 3 , thu c 0,1 mol CO 2 . t chy hon ton m gam M cn dng va
ng
0,09 mol O 2 , sinh ra 0,14 mol CO 2 . Gi tr ca m l

A. 5,80. B. 5,03. C. 5,08. D. 3,48.
a
Cu 23: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Fe v cc oxit st trong dung

kh
dch H 2 SO 4 c, nng d thu c 80 gam mui Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 v 2,24 lt SO 2 (ktc).

Vy s mol H 2 SO 4 tham gia phn ng l:
Cu 24: Cho hi nc qua than nung , sau khi lm kh ht hi nc thu c hn
hp kh X (gm CO, H 2 , v CO 2 ) c t khi ca X so vi H 2 bng 7,875. Cn bao
nhiu kg than c cha 4% tp cht tr thu c 960 m3 hn hp kh X trn o
1,64 atm v 127oC, bit rng c 96% cacbon b t chy?
A. 225,000 kg. B. 234,375 kg.
C. 216,000 kg. D. 156,250 kg.
103
Cu 25: Ha tan 22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeCO 3 , Fe 3 O 4 vo 0,5 lt dung dch

HNO 3 2M th thu c dung dch Y (khng c NH 4 NO 3 ) v hn hp kh Z gm
CO 2 v NO. Lng HNO 3 d trong Y tc dng va vi 13,44 gam NaHCO 3 .
Cho hn hp Z vo bnh kn c dung tch khng i 8,96 lt cha O 2 v N 2 t l th
tch 1 : 4 00C v p sut 0,375 atm. Sau gi bnh nhit 00C th trong bnh
khng cn O 2 v p sut cui cng l 0,6 atm. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe 3 O 4
trong hn hp X l:
A. 52,73%. B. 26,63%. C. 63,27%. D. 42,18%.
Cu 26: Ha tan ht 19,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe 3 O 4 v CuO bng mt lng va
dung dch HCl 1M, thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung
n
dch H 2 S, kt thc cc phn ng thu c 11,2 gam kt ta. Th tch dung dch
.v
HCl 1M dng l:
A. 300 ml. B. 600 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 615 ml.
om
Cu 27: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl 2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO 3
2M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 12,96. B. 34,44. C. 30,18. .c D. 47,4.
ok
bo
et
vi
a ng
kh
104
Cu 28: Nung nng m gam hn hp X gm Fe v S sau mt thi gian thu c

hn hp Y.Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi dung dch
H 2 SO 4 long,d thy thot ra 4,2 lt hn hp kh (ktc).Cho phn 2 tc dng ht
vi lng d dung dch HNO 3 c nng thy thot ra 24,696 lt kh ch c NO 2
(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr m l:
A.29,64 B.14,82 C.26,76 D.13,38
Cu 29: Hn hp X gm a mol Fe,b mol FeCO 3 v c mol FeS 2 . Cho X vo bnh
dung tch khng i cha khng kh d nung n cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
sau a v nhit ban u th thy p sut khng i.Cht rn trong bnh l
mt oxit duy nht.Quan h ca a,b,c l :
n
A. a = b + c B. 4a + 4c = 3b
C. a + c = 2b D. b = a + c
.v
Cu 30: Cho 2,16 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg tan ht trong dung dch axit HNO 3
long, un nng nh to ra dung dch X v 448 ml (o 354,90 K v 988 mmHg)
om
hn hp kh Y kh gm 2 kh khng mu, khng i mu trong khng kh. T khi
ca Y so vi oxi bng 0,716 ln t khi ca kh cacbonic so vi nit. Lm khan X
mt cch cn thn thu c m gam cht rn Z, nung Z n khi lng khng i
.c
thu c 3,84 gam cht rn T. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 15,18. B. 17,92. C. 16,68. D. 15,48.
P N CHI TIT
bo
Cu 1: Chn p n D
n Mg = 0,08(mol) BTNT(Fe,Mg) Mg Mg ( NO3 )2
et

n Fe = 0,08(mol) Fe Fe ( NO3 )3
vi
NO3 = Ag =0, 4(mol)

ng
AgCl :=a(mol) a + b 0, 4= a 0,38(mol)

56,69
Ag : b(mol) 143,5a + =
108b 56,69 =b 0,02(mol)
a
n HCl = 0, 24 n O = 0,12 n O2 = 0,06(mol)

kh

n Cl = 0,38 n Cl2 = 0,07(mol)
Cu 2: Chn p n A
Cu ny nhn qua c v kh nhng thc ra li rt n gin.
n SO2 = 0,3(mol)
4
Ta c: n NO = 0,3(mol)

3
n NO = 0,1(mol)
104
Do khi phn ng ha tan X xy ra dung dch c:

n SO2 = 0,3(mol)
4
BTNT nito
n NO=

3
0,3 0,1
= 0,2(mol)
Na 2 SO 4 : 0,3
Khi cho NaOH vo: BTNT Na
n Na = 0,8(mol)
NaNO3 : 0,2
Cu 3: Chn p n C
Vi kiu thi t lun chng ta phi bin lun xem 8,78 l cht g? Nhng vi thi
trc nghim lm th l khng chp nhn c v rt mt thi gian cho nn ta s gi
s trng xy ra vi xc sut cao nht:
n
KOH : a(mol)
.v
n=
KOH 0,105 8,78
KNO2 : b(mol)
om
a + b = 0,105 KOH : 0,005(mol)
BTNT K
BTKL
56a + 85b = 8,78 KNO2 : 0,1(mol)

BTNT nito
n N 0,12 =
=
NO : c
0,1 0,02
.c
NO2 : d
ok
c + d =0,02 NO : 0,01(mol)
BTE MY =
38
bo
3c
= +d =
2n Cu 0,04 NO2 : 0,01(mol)
Cu 4: Chn p n A
et
Fe3O 4 : 0,3(mol)

X Fe : 0,25(mol) n e 1,05(mol) =
= n NO 0,35(mol)
vi
CuO : 0,2(mol)

ng

BTDT
n=
(Cl + NO )
0,3.3.3 + 0,25.3=
+ 0,2.2 3,85
3
3a : Cl 1,8 : Cl
a
a = 0,6 m muoi =
m KL + m anion
2,05 : NO3

4a 0,35 : NO3
kh
= 1,15.56 + 0,2.64 + 1,8.35,5 + 2,05.62 = 268,2(gam)

Cu 5: Chn p n B
Fe2 + : 0,325

D thy H+ ht do c ngay dd X SO24 : 0,1 m muoi =
55,7(gam)

NO3 : 0,45

Li c ngay m + 6, 4 + 5,=
6 0, 69m + 0,325.56 =
m 20(gam)
105
Cu 6: Chn p n B
Ch : C H 2 nn NO3 ht ;N 2 O khng tc dng vi O 2
NO : x
30x + 44.0,025 += = 5,95
2z 17.0,35
0,35 N 2=
O : y 0,025
H : z x + z =0,325
2
N ==
b x + 2y = 0,2
x = 0,15
1
z = 0,175 n e = 3x + 8y + 2z =1 n AlCl3 = a = Cl =1

3
Cu 7: Chn p n B
n
Fe : 0,03
.v

S : 0,05 SO2 : 0,05
om

Ta c: 5SO2 + 2KMnO 4 + 2H 2 O 2MnSO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 SO 4
0,05 0,02

.c

PH =2 H + =0,01 V =4 (lt)
ok
Cu 8: Chn p n A
bo
Fe : a(mol) Fe3+ : a

X Cu : 2b(mol) BTNT
Cu 2 + : 2b
S : 2a + b(mol) SO2 : 2a + b
et
4
3a + 4b = 4a + 2b a = 0,015
vi
BTDT
BTE m = 3(gam)
3a + 4b + 12a + 6b= 0,3 b = 0,0075
ng
Cu 9. Chn p n A
tng bo ton nguyn t Hiro trong axit:
a
p/u
n oxi = n khisinh ra
kh
a
aFeCO3 2 FeCO3 + aCO3

bFeS b FeCO + bSO
2
2
3 2
3a 3b a 11 a 11
n OP/2U = + 2a + + 4b ) 3a / 2 = + b + b = a + 2b a = b
2 2 4 4 4 4
106
Cu 10: Chn p n A
FeCl 2 : 0,1(mol) AgCl : 0,2
BTNT.Clo
BTE
AgNO3 : 0,5(mol) Ag : 0,1
Cu 11: Chn p n A
BaCl 2 : a(mol)
4,3 ; n CO32
= 0,035
CaCl 2 : b(mol)
208a + 111b
= 4,3 = a 0,01(mol)
TH1: CO32 (d )
197a + 100b
= 3,97 = b 0,02(mol)
n
Ch : C p n A ri khng cn lm TH2 na.
.v
Cu 12: Chn p n B
Do cht rn cn li l hn hp nn c ngay:
om
Cu : a(mol) Fe2 + : 0,12

14=
2,16 11,84 = a 0,04(mol)
Fe3O 4 : a(mol) Cl : 8a = 0,32

m= 58,88
Ag : 0,12(mol)
.c
AgCl : 0,32(mol)
ok
Ch : tnh s mol Cl ta bo ton O suy ra H 2 O ri suy ra Cl cc bn nh
Cu 13: Chn p n D
bo
64a + 56b + 24c = 10,88

a = 0,1(mol)
(BTE)2a + 3b + 2c = n Cl = 0,49
et
b = 0,05(mol)
k(a + b + c) = 0,44 c = 0,07(mol)
k(b + c) =
vi
0,24
Cu 14: Chn p n B
ng
Ch : c hai loi kt ta. C nhiu bn hay qun lm nh!

Fe : a(mol) BTE 56a +=32b 3,76 =
a 0,03(mol)

a
3,76
S : b(mol) =
3a + 6b 0,48= b 0,065(mol)
kh
Fe(OH)3 : 0,03(mol)
BTNT

BaSO 4 : 0,065(mol)
Cu 15. Chn p n C
Cht tan duy nht axit va
0,4(M + 96)
n axit = 0,4 MSO 4 : 0,4 0,3941 = M = 24
24 + 100 0,05.44
107
Cu 16. Chn p n A
SO :1(mol)
M=48 2 O =4(mol)
O2 :1(mol)

SO3 ;0,8
0,8
H =80% SO2 : 0,2 %SO3 = .100 =50%
1,6
4 8.0,3 0,2.2
= O2 = 0,6
2
Cu 17. Chn p n D
n
Fe : a BTE 56a + 16b = 10,8 a = 0,15 n Fe3+ = 0,15
10,8
.v
O : b = 2b + 0,15
3a b = 0,15
Khi cho Cu vo th ta c ngay:
om
Cu(NO ) : 0,3
3 2
Fe(NO3 )2 : 0,15 .c x= 0,15(mol)

n=NO x : BTE
0,3.2 (
= 3x + 0,15 Fe3+ + 1e Fe2 + )
ok

BTNT.nito
= N 0,3.2 + 0,15.2 + 0,15 +0,05
= 1,1(mol)
Cu 18. Chn p n B
bo
H
Ta c: B 2 Fe(d)
H 2 S
et
56a + 32b = 23, 2

Fe : a H 2S : b
B 34b + 2(a b)
vi
23, 2
S : b H 2 : a b
a
ng
1 70 a = 0,3
=28. = % S =25,59%
1.2 3 b = 0, 2
a
Cu 19: Chn p n D
kh
0,3H 2 BTE
Al : 0,2
Fe : a BTNT oxi
0,8Al + m Z Al 2 O3 : 0,3 + HNO3 NO : 0,85
O : b Fe : a

Fe : 0,65(mol)
BTE
0,2.3=
+ 3a 0,85.3= a 0,65= m 50,8(gam)
O : 0,9(mol)
108
Cu 20: Chn p n D
Fe3+ : 0,06
2+
n Br2 = 0,03(mol) Fe : 0,04 Ag
X m= 44,3(gam)
FeCl 2 : 0,1(mol) Cl : 0,2 AgCl
Br : 0,06 AgBr

Cu 21: Chn p n B
Do dung dch ch cha mui sunfat nn n NO = n=
NO 0,24(mol)
3
Cu 22: Chn p n C
n CO= = 0,1
n COOH BTNT.oxi
0,1.2 + 0,09.2
= 0,14 + 2n H2 O n H2= 0,1(mol)
n
2 O
BTKL

= m m C + m H +=
m O 0,09.12 + 0,1.2 + 0,1.2.16
= 5,08(gam)
.v
Cu 23: Chn p n D
om
80
n Fe2 (SO= = 0,2(mol) BTNT.S

4 )3
400 = S n= axit 0,2.3 +=
0,1 0,7(mol)
n SO = 0,1(mol)
2 .c
Cu 24: Chn p n B
ok
C + H 2 O CO + H 2
CO : a
a a
X CO2 : b
bo
C + 2H 2 O CO2 + 2H 2 H : a + 2b
b 2b 2
et
= = 15,75
M X 2.7,875

pV 1,64.960
=nX = = 48
vi
RT 0,082.(273 + 127)
ng
a + b + a + 2b = 48
=
2a + 3b 48 = a 6(mol)
28a + 44b + 2a + 4b
= 15,75 30a + = 48b 756 =
b 12(mol)
a
48
12(a + b) 12.18
kh
=
BTNT cacbon
mC = = 234,375(gam)
0,96 0,96.0,96
Cu 25: Chn p n C
HNO3 :1
du pu
n HNO 0,84(mol)
=
n HNO n=
= NaHCO3
0,16 3
NO O : 0,03(mol)
Z + 0,15 2 nsau phan ng
binh
0,24(mol)
=

2 CO N
2 : 0,12(mol)
n Z + 0,15= 0,24 + 0,03 n Z = 0,12(mol)
109
Fe : a
CO2 : b
Ta c ngay: 0,12 22 FeCO3 : b Fe(NO3 )3 : a + b + 3c
NO : 0,12 b Fe O : c
3 4

BTDT + BTNT nito
3(a + b + =
3c ) 0,84 (0,12 b) 3a + 2b +=
9c 0,72
BTE
3a + b = + c 3(0,12 b) 3a + 4b = + c 0,36

BTKL
56a + 116b + 232c = 22
a = 0,02(mol)

b = 0,06(mol)
n
c = 0,06(mol)

.v
Cu 26: Chn p n B
om
Ch : 2Fe3+ + H 2 S 2Fe2 + + S +2H +
FeO.Fe2 O3 : a mol Fe : 2a
3+
CuS : b
19,6 11,2
CuO : b mol S : a .c
232a + 80b = 19,6

ok
32a + 96b = 11,2
a = 0,05 BTNT Oxi
n= 4a + =
b 0,3
BTNT hidro
n= n HCl= 0,6(mol)
bo
O H
b = 0,1
Cu 27: Chn p n D
et
Fe 2 : 0,12(mol)
AgCl : 0, 24(mol)
Ag : 0, 4(mol) m m 47, 4(gam)
vi
Ag : 0,12(mol)
Cl : 0, 24(mol)
ng

Cc bn ch vi cc bi ton c Fe2+ v Ag+ nh .
Cu 28: Chn p n C
a
1 Fe du :=a a + b 0,1875 = a 0,0975(mol)

kh
Y
Ta c: 2 FeS : b =3a + 9b 1,1025= b 0,09(mol)
= = 26,76(gam)
m 13,38.2
Cu 29: Chn p n D
V p sut khng i nn nOpu2 = n kh sinh ra.
Fe2O3 : (a + b + c) / 2

Sau nung: CO2 : b
SO : 2c
2
110
3 3 1
nOpu2 =( a + b + c ) + b + 2c 1,5b= a + b + 2,75c
4 4 4
3 1
b + 2c = a + b + 2,75c 4b + 8c = 3a + b + 11c
4 4
3b = 3a + 3c
Cu 30: Chn p n D
=n Y 0,02(mol) = M Y 36
MgO(mol) 27a += 24a 2,16 = a 0,04
3,84 ne =
0, 21(mol)
Al2 O3 (mol) 51a += 40b 3,84 = b 0,045
n
N : 0,01(mol)
Y 2 NH 4 NO3 : 0,00375(mol)
.v
N 2 O : 0,01(mol)
BI TP TNG HP S 4
om
Cu 1: Ho tan hon ton 0,775 gam n cht (X) trong dung dch HNO 3 c thu
c 5,75 gam hn hp gm hai kh (c thnh phn % theo khi lng ca oxi
.c
nh nhau) v dung dch (Y). Bit t khi hi ca hn hp kh so vi hiro l
115/3. trng thi c bn nguyn t X c s electron c thn l
ok
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 2: Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% nhm; 21,7% silic (theo khi lng), cn
bo
li l oxi v hiro. Phn trm khi lng ca hiro trong khong cht l
A. 2,68%. B. 5,58%. C. 1,55%. D. 2,79%.
Cu 3: Cho 30,1 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3
et
long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c

1,68 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn d 0,7 gam kim
vi
loi. C cn dung dch Y, khi lng mui khan thu c l

ng

Cu 4: Cho 3,58 gam hn hp X gm Al;Fe;Cu vo 200ml dung dch Cu(NO 3 ) 2
0,5 M n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A v cht rn B. Nung B
a
trong khng kh nhit cao n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 6,4 gam cht
kh
rn. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 d,lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng

kh n khi lng khng i c 2,62 gam cht rn D. % theo khi lng ca
Fe trong hn hp l:
A.46,93% B.78,21% C.15,64% D.31,28%.
Cu 5: Hn hp kh A gm CO v H 2 c t khi i vi hiro bng 4,25, hn hp
kh B gm O 2 v O 3 c t khi i vi H 2 l 20. t chy hon ton 10 lt kh A
cn lng th tch hn hp kh B l: (cc kh o cng iu kin nhit , p
sut):
A. 8 lt. B. 6 lt. C. 10 lt. D. 4 lt.
111
Cu 6: Cho hn hp gm Mg v Cu tc dng vi 200ml dd cha hn hp hai mui

AgNO 3 0,3 M v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,25M . Sau khi cc phn ng hon ton, thu c dd
A v cht rn B. Cho A tc dng vi dd NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung n
khi lng khng i c 3,6 gam hn hp X gm hai oxit.Ha tan hon ton B
trong dd H 2 SO 4 c, nng c 2,016 lt kh SO 2 ( ktc) . Phn trm khi lng
ca Mg trong hn hp u l:
A. 32,5% B. 42,4% C. 56,8% D. 63,5%
Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 8,8 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeS,FeS 2 v S bng dung
dch HNO 3 d, thu c 6,72 lit kh NO (ktc l sn phm kh duy nht) v dung
dch Y. Thm Ba(OH) 2 d vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m.
n
A. 34 B. 32,3 C. 10,7 D. 23,3
Cu 8. Thi mt lung CO qua hn hp A gm Fe v Fe 3 O 4 nung nng c
.v
cht kh B v hn hp D gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 .Cho B li qua dung dch
nc vi trong d thy to 2 gam kt ta. Ha tan D bng dd H 2 SO 4 c nng thy
om
to ra 0,08 mol SO 2 cn dd E. C cn E thu c 24g mui khan. Xc nh thnh
phn % s mol ca Fe.
A. 58,33% B. 50% C. 41,67% .c D. 40%
Cu 9. Cho 3,16 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Mg vo 250 ml dd Cu(NO 3 ) 2 khuy
ok
u cho n khi kt thc phn ng th thu c dd Y v 3,84 gam cht rn Z.
Thm vo dd Y 1 lng NaOH d ri em lc kt ta nung trong khng kh n
khi lng khng i c 1,4 gam cht rn T gm 2 oxit. % khi lng Mg trong
bo
hn hp A l:
A.11,93% B.11,39% C.11,33% D.88,61%
et
Cu 10. em oxi ha hon ton 11,2 lt SO 2 ( ktc) bng oxi, c xc tc ri ha

tan ton b sn phm SO 3 to thnh vo 210 gam dd H 2 SO 4 10% thu c X.
vi
Nng % ca dd X l:
ng
A.32% B.24% C.28% D.16%

Cu 11: Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,002 mol FeS 2 v 0,003 mol FeS vo
lng d dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c kh X. Hp th ton b kh X bng
a
lng va V ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,05M. V c gi tr l:

kh
A.280 ml B.172ml C.188ml D.228 ml.

Cu 12: tc dng va vi m gam hn hp X gm Cr v kim loi M c ha
tr khng i cn va ng 2,24 lt hn hp kh Y(ktc) gm O 2 v Cl 2 c t khi
i vi H 2 l 27,7 thu c 11,91 gam hn hp Z gm cc oxit v mui clorua.
Mt khc, cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch HNO 3 c
ngui thu c 2,24 lt kh NO 2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Kim loi M l:
A. Ca B. Cu C. Mg D. Zn
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu c t l khi lng ln lt l 4:6. Cho m gam
X vo 400 ml dung dch HNO 3 2M n phn ng hon ton c dung dch Y;
112
thot ra 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Z gm NO 2 , NO v cn li 0,7m gam cht rn

cha tan. C cn dung dch Y c lng mui khan l:
Cu 14: Cho 5,87 gam hn hp Ba v K c t l s mol n Ba : n K = 4:1 vo 200ml
dung dch Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,1M thu c kt ta X, kh Y v dung dch Z. em kt ta
X nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn khan.
m c gi tr l:
Cu 15: Ly 2 mu Al v Mg u nng m gam cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 d,
phn ng xy ra hon ton.
- Vi mu Al: thu c 1,344 lt kh X v dung dch cha 52,32 gam mui
n
- Vi mu Mg: Thu c 0,672 lt kh X v dung dch cha 42,36 gam mui
Bit X l kh nguyn cht, cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Xc nh m?
.v
om
Cu 16: Ly 3,48 gam Fe 3 O 4 cho tc dng hon ton vi 100ml dung dch HCl
1,28M thu c dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d thu c
m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sn phm kh N+5 l NO (nu
c). Xc nh m? .c
A. 18,368 gam B. 19,988 gam
ok
C. 19,340 gam D. 18,874 gam
Cu 17: Chia 38,1 gam FeCl 2 thnh 2 phn, phn 2 c khi lng gp 3 ln phn
1. em phn 1 phn ng ht vi dung dch KMnO 4 d, trong mi trng H 2 SO 4
bo
long, d, thu ly kh thot ra. em ton b kh ny phn ng ht vi phn 2, c

cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 29,640. B. 28,575. C. 33,900. D. 24,375.
et
Cu 18.t chy hon ton 14 gam kim loi M (c ho tr khng i trong hp

cht) trong hn hp kh Cl 2 v O 2 . Sau phn ng thu c 27,85 gam cht rn v
vi
th tch hn hp kh phn ng l 5,6 lt ( ktc). Kim loi M l

ng
A. Ca. B. Mg. C. Al. D. Na

Cu 19: Cho 4,0 gam hn hp A gm Fe v 3 oxit st trong dung dch axit HCl
(d) thu c dung dch X. Sc kh Cl 2 cho n d vo X thu c dung dch Y
a
cha 9,75 gam mui tan. Nu cho 4 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long d
th thu c V lt NO(sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
kh
A. 0,726. B. 0,896. C. 1,120. D. 0,747.

Cu 20: Cho 50ml dung dch FeCl 2 1M vo dung dch AgNO 3 d, khi lng kt
ta thu c sau phn ng l bao nhiu gam. (Cho bit cp oxi ho - kh Fe3+/Fe2+
ng trc Ag+/Ag).
Cu 21: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl 2 v NaCl (c t l s mol
1 : 2) vo nc (d) c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO 3 (d) vo X, sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 57,4. B. 28,7. C. 68,2. D. 10,8.
113
Cu 22: Cho 100 ml dung dch FeSO 4 1M vo 500ml dung dch cha ng thi
KMnO 4 0,04 M v H 2 SO 4 1M, thu c dung dch X. em dung dch X tc dng
vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 127,20. B. 128,98. C. 152,28 D. 150,58.
Cu 23: Ha tan ht 4,35 gam hn hp gm Al v hai kim loi kim 2 chu k
lin tip vo nc d thu c dung dch X v 3,92 lt H 2 (ktc). Cho t t dung
dch HCl vo dung dch X n khi khi lng kt ta ln nht th thu c 3,9
gam kt ta. Hai kim loi kim trong hn hp ban u l:
A. K, Rb. B. Na, K. C. Li, Na. D. Rb, Cs.
Cu 24: Ho tan hon ton mt lng hn hp gm Fe 3 O 4 v FeS 2 trong 63 gam
n
dung dch HNO 3 , thu c 1,568 lt NO 2 duy nht (ktc). Dung dch thu c cho
.v
tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 2M, lc kt ta, nung n khi lng
khng i thu c 9,76g cht rn. Nng % ca dung dch HNO 3 c gi tr l:
om
A. 47,2%. B. 46,2%. C. 46,6%. D. 44,2%.
Cu 25: t 4,05g hn hp X gm Al v Fe trong kh Cl 2 thu c hn hp cht
rn Y. Cho Y vo nc d thu c dung dch Z v 0,6 gam kim loi. Dung dch Z
.c
tc dng c vi ti a 0,0525 mol KMnO 4 trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 . Phn trm
khi lng ca Al trong hn hp X l:
ok
A. 66,67% B. 72,91% C. 51,85% D. 33,33%
Cu 26: Cho kim loi Ba vo 200 ml dd cha HCl 0,5M v CuSO 4 0,75M thu
c 2,24 lt H 2 (ktc) v m gam kt ta. Xc nh m?
bo

Cu 27: Ho tan hon ton 0,1 mol FeS trong 200 ml dung dch HNO 3 4M, sn
et

tan ti a m gam Cu. Bit trong cc qu trnh trn, sn phm kh duy nht caN+5
vi
ng
A. 12,8 B. 6,4 C. 3,2 D. 9,6

Cu 28: Hn hp A gm Fe 3 O 4 ; FeS 2 . Ha tan 73,68 gam A trong 3 lt dd HNO 3
1M thu c 18,592 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dd B . Thm tip vo B dung
a
dch NaOH 1M n khi thy xut hin kt ta th cn V ml. Gi tr ca V l:

kh
A. 200 B. 460 C. 160 D. 2170

Cu 29: Ha tan hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 v Fe 2 O 3
trong 400 ml dung dch HNO 3 3M (d) un nng, thu c dung dch Y v kh
NO (NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca NO 3 -). Cho dd Y tc dng ht vi 650 ml
dung dch NaOH 2M c m gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta c dd Z. C cn dd Z
thu c 97 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 42,8g B. 24,0g C. 32,1g D. 21,4g
Cu 30: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm mt kim loi ha tr 1 v oxit kim loi
ha tr 2 vo nc d. Sau khi phn ng xong c 500 ml dd X ch cha mt cht
tan duy nht v 4,48 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Nng mol ca dung dch X l
A. 0,2M. B. 0,4 M. C. 0,3M D. 0,25 M.
114
Cu 31: Mt hn hp X gm Na, Al v Cr (vi t l mol Na v Al tng ng l

4: 5) tc dng vi H 2 O d th thu c V lt kh, dung dch Y v cht rn Z. Cho Z
tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long d th thu c 0,25V lt kh (cc kh o
cng iu kin). Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Cr trong hn hp X l:
A. 34,8%. B. 20,07% C. 10,28 % D. 14,4%
Cu 32. Ha tan 16,25g mui FeCl 3 trong lng d dung dch KMnO 4 v H 2 SO 4
, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V( lt) kh ktc. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48. B. 5,6. C. 1,12. D. 3,36 .
Cu 33: Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol NaCl v 0,15 mol NaF. Cho dung dch X tc
dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d. Kt ta sinh ra c khi lng l:
n
Cu 34: Ho tan ht hn hp rn gm CaC 2 , Al 4 C 3 v Ca vo H 2 O thu c 3,36
.v
lt hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 10. Dn X qua Ni un nng thu c
hn hp kh Y. Tip tc cho Y qua bnh ng nc brom d th c 0,784 lt hn
om
hp kh Z (t khi hi so vi He bng 6,5). Cc kh o iu kin tiu chun. Khi
lng bnh brom tng l:
A. 3,45gam. B. 1,35 gam. C. 2,09 gam.
.c D. 3,91 gam.
Cu 35: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO 3 ) 2 , Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v AgNO 3 . Thnh phn % khi
lng ca nit trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam
ok
hn hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X?
A. 8,24 B. 7,68 C. 11,68 D. 6,72
Cu 36: Cho 21,4 gam mt mui clorua tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d thu
bo
c 57,4 g kt ta. Mt khc cho 10,7 gam mui clorua trn tc dng vi 500ml
dung dch KOH 1M, n phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m gam
et
cht rn khan.Tnh m:
A. 38,7g B. 28,7g C. 31,7 g D. 23,7 g
vi
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ,FeSO 4 ;v Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . Thnh phn phn trm

v khi lng ca oxi trong X l 49,4845%. Cho 97 gam X tc dng vi dung dch
ng
NH 3 d thu c kt ta c khi lng l:

A.31,375 gam B.50,5 gam C.76 gam D.37,75gam
a
Cu 38: Cho 18,3 gam hn hp X gm Na v Ba vo nc thu c dung dch Y

v 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Xc nh th tch CO 2 (ktc) cho vo dung dch Y thu
kh
c kt ta cc i?
A. 1,12 lt V 6,72 lt B. 2,24 lt V 6,72 lt
C. 2,24 lt V 4,48 lt D. 4,48 lt V 6,72 lt
Cu 39: Ho tan hon ton 0,1 mol FeS 2 trong dung dch HNO 3 c nng. Tnh
th tch kh NO 2 bay ra (ktc) v s mol HNO 3 (ti thiu) phn ng (bit rng lu
hunh trong FeS 2 b oxi ho ln s oxi ho cao nht)
A. 33,6 lt v 1,4 mol B. 33,6 lt v 1,5 mol
C. 22,4 lt v 1,5 mol D. 33,6 lt v 1,8 mol
Cu 40: X v Y ln lt l cc tripeptit v tetrapeptit c to thnh t cng mt
amino axit no mch h, c mt nhm -COOH v mt nhm -NH 2 . t chy hon
115
ton 0,1 mol Y thu c sn phm gm CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , trong tng khi lng

ca CO 2 v H 2 O l 47,8 gam. Nu t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X cn bao nhiu
mol O 2 ?
A. 2,8 mol B. 2,025 mol
C. 3,375 mol D. 1,875 mol
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n A
Hn hp kh c thnh phn % O nh nhau ch c th l NO 2 v N 2 O 4
Ta c ngay :
n
46a + 92b =5, 75
NO 2 : a(mol) NO 2 : 0, 025(mol) BTE
.v
5, 75 230
n e = 0, 075
N 2 O 4 : b(mol) = N 2 O 4 : 0, 05(mol)
a + b 3
om
0,775 31.n
M= .n= P
0,075 3
Cu 2: Chn p n C .c
Al3+ : 0,7748(mol)
4+
ok
Si : 0,775(mol) = 2a 5, 4244 + b
m X= 100 2 b= 1,55(mol)
O : a(mol) 16a + b =57,37
bo
H + : b(mol)

Cu 3: Chn p n C
et
Cu : a (mol ) 64a + 232b = 29, 4

= 30,1 0,7 29, 4
Fe3O4 : b(mol ) 2a = 0,075.32b
vi
a = 0,1875(mol ) Fe ( NO3 )2 : 0,075.3(mol )

ng

b = 0,075(mol ) Cu ( NO3 )2 : 0,075(mol )
Cu 4: Chn p n D
a
n Cu(NO ) = 0,1
kh
3 2
B + O2 = 6,4 < 0,1.80 = 8

Al : a(mol) Al 2 O3 : 0,5a
2,62
3,58 : Fe : b(mol) Fe2 O3 : 0,5b
Cu : c(mol)
3a + 2b + 2(0,02 + c) = 0,2
102.0,5a + 160.0,5b = 2,62

27a + 56b + 64c = 3,58
116
Al3+ : a
2+
2+ Fe : b
Cu (du) : A 2 +
Cu : 0,1 + c 0,08

NO3 : 0,2

a = 0,02(mol)
= 0,02.56
b 0,02(mol) %Fe
= = 31,28%
3,58
c = 0,03(mol)
Cu 5: Chn p n D
n
CO : 2,5 O2 : 0,5a BTNT oxi
10A + X a + 1,5a
= 10 = a 4(mol)
.v
H 2 : 7,25 O3 : 0,5a
Cu 6: Chn p n C
om
Mg : a(mol) AgNO3 : 0,06
; NO3 = 0,16(mol)
Cu : b(mol) Cu(NO3 )2 : 0,05
Mg(NO2 )2 : a
A

0,16 2a
.c
= 0,08 a
ok
Cu(NO3 )2 :
2
MgO : a
3,6 a = 0,07(mol)
bo
CuO : 0,08 a
Ag : 0,06 BTE
B 2c +=
0,06 0,09.2= c 0,06=
b 0,02(mol)
et
Cu : c
Cu 7. Chn p n A
vi
Fe : a BTE 56a + 32b = 8,8 = a 0,1 BaSO 4 : 0,1(mol)

ng
Ta c: 8,8
S : b =
3a + 6b 0,9 = b 0,1 Fe ( OH )3 : 0,1(mol)
Cu 8. Chn p n B
a
Ta c: n Fe2 =
(SO4 ) 0,06
BTNT . Fe
=
n Fe 0,12
kh
Fe : 0,12 BTE
Hn hp D gm: 0,12.3
= 2a + 0,08.2 = a 0,1
O : a
Vy trong A c:
Fe : 0,12 Fe3O4 : 0,03(mol )
BTNT .O
BTNT

BTNT
BTNT . Fe
O : 0,02 + 0,1 = 0,12 Fe : 0,03(mol )
Cu 9. Chn p n B
1,4 (Fe 2 O 3 v MgO)
3,84 (Cu v Fe) 3,16 (Fe: a mol ; Mg: b mol)
117
MgO : b Fe : a 2 x
56a + 24b = 3,1 ; 3,84
Fe2O3 : x Cu : b + 2 x
V: n Mg2+ = b; n Fe2+ = 2x n NO3 - = 2(b + 2x)
b = 0,015(mol )
40b + 160 x = 1, 4
a = 0,05(mol )
56 ( a 2 x ) + 64 ( b + 2 x ) =
3,84
x = 0,005(mol )
Cu 10. Chn p n C
n SO2 =0,5 n SO3 =0,5 m H2SO4 =21 + 0,5.98 =70(gam)
70
n
=
%H 2 SO 4 = 28%
210 + 0,5.80
.v
Cu 11: Chn p n D
om
Fe : 0, 005 BTE
X 0, 005.3 + 0,=
007.6 2n SO2
= n SO2 0, 0285
S : 0, 007

BTE
= =
0, 0285.2 0, 05.V.5 V 0,228lt .c
Ch : Bi ny khi quy i nhiu bn lng tng khng bit SS+4 hay S+6. Trong
cc TH kiu nh th ny cc bn c hiu rt n gin l S: SS+6 cn kh SO 2
ok
sinh ra l do axit nh!
Cu 12: Chn p n D
bo
Ch : Cr khng tc dng vi HNO 3 c ngui

C 4 p n Kim loi u ha tr II
et
Cr : a
m = 11,91 5,54 = 6,37
M : 0,05 ( NO2 : 0,1)
vi

C ngay: b + c =
ng
0,1
O 2 : b b = 0,04
0,1.Y Cl : c 32b + 71c = 55,4 c = 0,06
2 0,1

a
6,37 0, 06.52
kh

BTE
3a + 0, 05.2
= 0, 04.4 + 0, 06.2 = =
a 0, 06M = 65 Zn
0, 05
Cu 13: Chn p n D
Fe : 0,4m
X kim loi khng tan l 0,7m nn gm Fe v Cu do mui l Fe2+
Cu : 0,6m
C ngay:
BTNT.nito
n=
NO 3
N =
N
0,8 =
0,3 0,5 n Fe(NO=
3 )2
0,25
m=
45(gam)
118
Cu 14: Chn p n A
Ba : 0,04 BTE
5,87 OH = 0,09
K : 0,01
3+ BaSO 4 : 0,04
Fe : 0,04 m=
11,72(gam)
SO2 : 0,06 Fe2 O3 : 0,015
4

Cu 15: Chn p n B
Gi n l s e nhn ng vi kh X
Al : a
n
C ngay: 24b Nu mui khng cha NH 4 NO 3
27a =
Mg : b
.v
3a = 0,06n
Ta c: 4 (loi)
3a =
om
2b = 0,03n
Al(NO3 )3 : a
52,32 52,32 213a
52,32 213a
.c=
BTE
3a 0,06n + 8
80
NH 4 NO3 :
80
Ta li c:
ok
Mg(NO3 )2 : b
42,36 42,36 148b
42,36 148b = 2b 0,03n + 8
BTE
NH 4 NO3 : 80
bo
80
=
27a 24a 0 = a 0,24
= = 0,27.24
m 0,24.27 = 6,48(gam)
et
336b 243a
= 32,4 =
b 0,27
Cu 16: Chn p n C
vi
n FeO.Fe2 O3 = 0,015 Fe2 + : 0,015

ng

n H+ = 0,128 Cl : 0,128
0,128.(108 + 35,5) < m < 0,128.(108 + 35,5) + 0,015.108
a
18,368 < m < 19,988

kh
bi chi c ri. Chn khong cng khng suy ra ngay c. Phi tnh thm
cht na vy.
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
du ne =
0,006
n H+ =
0,128 2.0,015.4 =
0,008
n Ag = 0,015 0,006= 0,009
m=
m AgCl + 0,009.108 =
19,34(gam)
119
Cu 17: Chn p n C
P1 :=n FeCl2 0,075 BTNT

= n Cl2 0,075
Ta c:
= n FeCl2 0,3(mol)
P2 : n FeCl2 = 0,225
Khi c ngay :
Fe3+ : 0,15

n e = 0,075.2= 0,15 m= 33,9 Fe2 + : 0,225 0,15= 0,075
Cl : 0,45 + 0,15 = 0,6

Hay dng BTKL (v Cl 2 thiu):
= m 0,225.(56 + 71) + 0,075.71
= 33,9(gam)
n
Cu 18. Chn p n A
.v
Cl 2 : a
BTKL
71a =
+ 32b 27,85
= 14 13,85 Cl : 0,15
2
om

O 2 : b a + b = 0,25 O2 : 0,1
14n
BTE

= n e 0,15.2 + 0,1.4
= 0,7 = M = 20n Ca
0,7 .c
Cu 19: Chn p n D
ok
Cu ny cng hay hay. Ta vn dng linh hot cc nh lut bo ton nh sau:
Fe : a HCl Fe : 0,06
Ta c: 4 X Cl2
FeCl3 : 0,06
BTNT
4
bo
O : b O : 0,04
V

BTE
=
0,06.3 0,04.2 + .3=
V 0,747(lit)
et
22, 4
Cu 20: Chn p n B
vi
BTE + BTNT Ag : 0,05(mol)

Ta =
c: n FeCl2 0,05(mol)
= m 19,75(gam)
ng
AgCl : 0,1(mol)
Cu 21: Chn p n C
FeCl 2 : a BTKL FeCl 2 : 0,1
a
24,4 127a + 58,5.2a

= 24,4
NaCl : 2a NaCl : 0,2
kh
AgCl : 0,4(mol)
BTNT
m = 68,2(gam)
Ag : 0,1(mol)
Cu 22: Chn p n C
n 2+ = 0,1(mol)
Fe
=n H+ 1(mol) 5Fe2 + + MnO 4 + 8H + 5Fe3+ + Mn 2 + + 4H 2 O

n MnO4 = 0,02(mol)
120
Fe ( OH )3 : 0,1(mol)

= Axit d BTNT
m 152,28(gam) BaSO 4 : 0,5 + 0,1(mol)
Mn(OH) : 0,02(mol)
2
Ch : Bi ton ny c kh nhiu ch by,cc bn cn ch rt kinh nghim

khi lm cc bi ton khc. Nguyn t S c trong FeSO 4 v H 2 SO 4 .Kt ta
Mn(OH) 2 .Tuy nhin,ngi ra vn hin nu cho axit thiu na th s hay
hn.
Cu 23: Chn p n C
BTNT.Al BTKL
n Al n Al(OH)
= = 0,05 m kim loai =
kie m
4,35 0,05.27
= 3
n
3
BTE
n KL kiem + 0,05.3
= 0,175.2 n= 0,2 =
M 15
.v
KL kie m
Cu 24: Chn p n B
om
Fe O : a BTNT.Fe 3a + b 9,76
Ta c: 3 4 n Fe
= 2 O3
= = 0,061 3a=
+ b 0,122
FeS 2 : b 2 160

BTE
a =
a = 0,04
+ 15b 0,07 2
.c
= b 0,002 SO 4 : 0,004
BTNT.S
ok
Na + : 0,4

bo
Ta li c: n NaOH
= 0,4
BTDT
SO24 : 0,004
BTNT Nito
n HNO3

NO3 : 0,392
et
0,462.63
= 0,392 + 0,07 = 0,462 %HNO3 = = 46,2%
63
vi
Cu 25: Chn p n D
ng
Ch : Cl b oxi trong dung dch KMnO 4 nn ta khng cn quan tm ti kh Cl 2 .

Al : a CDLBT 27a=+ 56b 3, 45 = a 0,05
Ta c: =
4,05 0,6 3, 45
a
Fe : b =3a + 3b 0,0525.5
= b 0,0375
kh
0,05.27
%Al
= = 33,33%
4,05
Cu 26: Chn p n C
Ta c: n H=
2
0,1
BTE
n Ba
= 0,1
BTNT.Ba
BaSO 4 : 0,1
0, 2 0,1
= 0,1
n HCl BT n hom OH
n Cu ( OH=
) = 0,05
2
2
BaSO 4 : 0,1(mol)
m=
28, 2(gam)
Cu(OH) 2 : 0,05(mol)
121
Cu 27: Chn p n A
Ta s dng k thut i tt n u gii bi ton ny:
Cu 2 + : a
2+
Fe : 0,1
X+Cu 2
SO 4 : 0,1
NO : b
BTNT Nito
NO : 0,8 b
3
BTE + BTDT 2a + 0, 2 = 0, 2 + b a = 0, 2
= = 12,8(gam)
m 0, 2.64
0,1.(2 + 6) + 2a= 3(0,8 b) b = 0, 4
n
Cu 28: Chn p n C
.v
Cho NaOH vo B cha c kt ta ngay chng t HNO 3 d.
Fe3O 4 : a BTE + BTKL=
a + 15b 0,83.3= a 0, 24
om
Ta c: 73,68
FeS2 : b 232a + 120b
= 73,68 =
b 0,15

BTNT.Fe
Fe3+ : 0,87
.c
BTNT.S 2
SO 4 : 0,3
Vy dung dch B s c: BTNT.Nito
ok

NO3 : 3 0,83 = 2,17
H + : a

bo

BTDT
a = 0,16(mol)
Cu 29: Chn p n C
et
Ta cng nhau phn tch bi ton ny cht cc bn nh!

V HNO 3 d NaOH s tc dng vi ( H + ;Fe3+ ). Nhng cui cng Na cng
vi
bin thnh NaNO 3 v c th c NaOH d.Ta c ngay:

ng
NaNO3 : a =
BTNT.Na
a + b =
1,3 a 1
n NaOH =
1,3 97 BTKL
NaOH : b 85a + 40b = 97 b = 0,3
a
Fe : a 56a + 16b =19, 2

kh

BTNT Nito
n NO
= 1, 2 =
1 0, 2; 19, 2
O : b = 2b + 0, 2.3
3a
a = 0,3
=
BTNT Fe
n Fe(OH)3 0,3(mol)
= m 32,1(gam)
b = 0,15
Cu 30: Chn p n B
Ta c: Hn hp gm:
A

H2 O
A 2 BO2 = n A 2n BO =
BTE
nA =
0,2.2 0,4
BO
122
0,2
n A2 BO2 = 0,2 [ A 2 BO2 ] = = 0,4 (M)
0,5
Cu 31: Chn p n C
V t l s mol Na: Al = 4 : 5 nn Al d khi cho X tc dng vi H 2 O.
Cho V = 22,4 (lt)
Na : 4a
V
Ta c: X Al : 5a BTNT
NaAlO2 : 4a
BTE
4a =
+ 4a.3 2.= 2
Cr : b 22,4

Na : 0,5
0,25.V a = 0,125
n
Z = a.3 + 2b =
H 2 SO 4
.2 0,5 Al : 0,625
22,4 b = 0,0625 Cr : 0,0625
.v

0,0625.52
om
%Cr = 10,28%
0,0625.52 + 0,625.27 + 0,5.23
Cu 32. Chn p n D
Ch : Kh y l Cl 2 .c
=
BTNT. Clo c ngay: n FeCl 3
0,1
BTNT.Clo
n=
Cl 2 0,15
ok
Cu 33: Chn p n B
Ch : AgCl; AgI; AgBr kt ta cn AgF l cht tan.
Ta c: =
n AgCl 0,1(mol) =
m 0,1(108 +=
bo
BTNT.Clo
35,5) 14,35(gam)
Cu 34: Chn p n C
CH CH
et

Hn hp
n=
X
H2 O
0,15 CH 4 M=
X 20 m= 3 m Z + m Brom
X =
H
vi
2
ng
m=Z 0,035.4.6,5 = 0,91 BTKL

m brom
= 3 0,91
= 2,09(gam)
Cu 35: Chn p n D
14,16.0,11864
a
Ta c ngay: n= trong X
N n=trong X
NO3
= 0,12(mol)
14
kh
BTKL
m=
kim loai
14,16 0,12.62
= 6,72(gam)
Cu 36: Chn p n C
21, 4.n n = 1
Ta c: RCln n AgCl = 0, 4 R + 35,5n =
0, 4 NH 4 Cl
10,7
=
n NH = 0, 2 KCl : 0, 2(mol)
Vi th nghim 2: 4 Cl
53,5 m=
31,7(gam)
n KOH : 0,3(mol)
KOH = 0,5
123
Cu 37: Chn p n B
Ta c:
0, 494845.97
n Otrong =
X
= 3 n SO2= 0,75
BTDT
n OH=
= 1,5
0,75.2
16 4
BTKL
m
=
m kim loai + m OH
= 97 0,75.96 + 1,5.17
= 50,5(gam)
Cu 38: Chn p n B
Na : a
BTKL
23a
= + 137b =18,3 a 0,2(mol)
Ta c: 18,3 BTE
Ba : b a + 2b= 0,2.2 b = 0,1(mol)
tr li nhanh nht cu hi ny cc bn hy suy ngh tr li cu hi sau: Kt
n
ta cc i c th l bao nhiu? Khi C chui vo u?
.v
V =n Ba 0,1
BTNT.Ba
n=
Max

0,1
BTNT.C
n CO2 0,1
BaCO3 : 0,1
om
BTNT (Ba + Na + C )
Gi tr kt ta max khi C chui vo nM
CO2 = 0,3
ax
NaHCO 3 : 0,2
Cu 39: Chn p n B .c
HNO 3 ti thiu khi ton b N trong HNO 3 bin thnh NO 2 .
Ta c: n= 0,1 = = 1,5
n e 0,1.15 BTE
n=NO2 = 1,5 n Min
ok
FeS 2 HNO3

= = 33,6
V 1,5.22,4
Cu 40: Chn p n B
bo
Gi aminoaxit l: C H O2 N Y : C 4n H8n 2 O5 N 4
n 2n +1
t Y: C 4n H8n 2 O5 N 4 4nCO2 + 2N 2 + ( 4n 1) H 2 O
O2
et

BTKL
m CO2 + m
= 0,1.4n.44 + 0,1(4n =
1).18 47,8=
n 2
vi
H2 O
X : C 6 H11O5 N 3
O2
6CO2 + 5,5H 2 O + 1,5N 2
ng
0,3.6.2 + 0,3.5,5 0,3.4

=
BTNT.O
n Opu2 = 2,025(mol)
2
a
BI TP TNG HP S 5
kh
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm: HCHO, CH 3 COOH, HCOOCH 3 v CH 3 CH(OH)COOH.

t chy hon ton hn hp X cn V lt O 2 (ktc) sau phn ng thu c CO 2 v
H 2 O. Hp th ht sp chy vo nc vi trong d c 30 gam kt ta. Vy gi tr
ca V tng ng l
A. 7,84 lt B. 6,72 lt C. 8,40 lt D. 5,60 lt
A. 12,6%. B. 29,9%. C. 29,6%. D. 15,9%.
124
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt este no a chc X c to thnh t axit hai chc

mch h v ancol ba chc mch h bng oxi, sc ton b sn phm chy vo dung
dch nc vi trong d thu c 60 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 29,1
gam. Khi lng mol ca X l:
A. 362. B. 348. C. 350. D. 346.
n
A. 64,8g B. 16,2g C. 32,4. D. 21,6g
Cu 5: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm propanial, fomanehit, metyl
.v
fomat cn dng va 4,48 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 2,7 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 6,2. B. 4,3. C. 2,7. D. 5,1.
Cu 6: Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam
X vo 360 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n
phn ng hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn
.c
khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9 gam X cn va 7,84 lt O 2 (ktc), thu
c 15,4 gam CO 2 . Bit X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin
ok
nht. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,1. B. 13,2. C. 12,3. D. 11,4
bo
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ho m

gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam
et
X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Khi lng ca axit
linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l:
vi

Cu 8: Hn hp X gm HCOOH, CH 3 COOH (t l mol 1:1), hn hp Y gm
ng
CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH (t l mol 2:3). Ly 16,96 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 8,08

gam hn hp Y (c xc tc H 2 SO 4 c) thu c m gam este (hiu sut cc phn
a
ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:

kh
A. 12,064 gam B. 20,4352 gam

C. 22,736 gam D. 17,728 gam
Cu 9: Cho 27,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 este n chc h tc dng va vi
dung dch NaOH thu c mt mui duy nht v 11 gam hn hp hai ancol ng
ng k tip. Mt khc t chy hon ton 13,6 gam X cn 16,8 lt O 2 (ktc) v
thu c 14,56 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn gi ca hai este l:
A. Etylaxetat v propylaxetat. B. Metylaxetat v etylaxetat
C. Metylacrylat v etylacrylat. D. Etylacrylat v propylacrylat.
Cu 10: Cho hn hp X gm 0,5 mol C 2 H 5 OH v 0,7 mol C 3 H 7 OH dn qua
H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c m gam hn hp Y. Cho Y vo dung dch brom d th
125
thy c 1 mol Br 2 tham gia phn ng. Bit khi cho Na vo Y th khng c kh
thot ra. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 47 B. 45,2 C. 43,4 D. 44,3
Cu 11: Hn hp kh v hi gm CH 3 OH, C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 , C 2 H 5 -O-CH 3 c t khi
hi so vi H 2 l 23. t chy hon 11,5 gam hn hp trn thu c V lt CO 2
(ktc) v 14,4 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 13,32. B. 11,2. C. 12,32. D. 13,4.
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm HCHO, CH 3 COOH, HCOOCH 3 v CH 3 CH(OH)COOH.
t chy hon ton X cn V lt O 2 (ktc), hp th ht sn phm chy vo mt
lng d nc vi trong thu c 50 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
n
A. 11,2. B. 16,8. C. 7,84. D. 8,40.
Cu 13: Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO 3 nng a mol/l, thu
.v
c 2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 (d)
thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl 2
om
(d) ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca a, m tng ng l :
A. 0,04 v 4,8. B. 0,14 v 2,4.
.c
C. 0,07 v 3,2. D. 0,08 v 4,8.
Cu 14: X l hn hp 2 este mch h ca cng mt ancol no, n chc v hai axit
ok
no, n chc ng ng k tip. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X cn 6,16 lt O 2
(ktc). un nng 0,1 mol X vi 50 gam dung dch NaOH 20% n khi phn ng
bo
hon ton, ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m

l:
et
A. 15,0. B. 7,5. C. 13,5. D. 37,5.

Cu 15: X la hn hp gm HCOOH va CH 3 COOH ti l mol 1: 1. Ly 21,2 gam X
vi
tac dung vi 23 gam C 2 H 5 OH (xc tac H 2 SO 4 c, un nong) thu c m gam

hn hp este (hiu sut este hoa u at 80%). Gia tri m la:
ng

Cu 16: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol A, B (u no, n chc, mch h, c s mol
bng nhau v M A < M B ). Ly 10,60 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt
a
H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, oxi ha 10,60 gam X bng CuO d ri cho ton b sn phm
kh
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu c 43,2 gam kt ta. S cng thc
cu to ph hp vi B l:
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm cc ancol no, hai chc, c mch cacbon khng phn
nhnh. Dn m gam X qua bnh ng CuO nung nng d, sau phn ng thy khi
lng bnh gim 9,6 gam. Hn hp hi thot ra khi bnh c t khi so vi hiro l
25. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,4. B. 20,4. C. 50,4. D. 34,8.
126
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm eten v propen c t l mol l 3:2. Hirat ha hon ton X

thu c hn hp ancol Y trong t l khi lng ancol bc1 so vi ancol bc 2 l
28:15. Thanh phn phn trm v khi lng ca ancol propylic trong Y l
:
A. 30,00%. B. 34,88%. C. 11,63%. D. 45,63%.
Cu 19: Ly 16,2 kg xenluloz tc dng ht vi anhirit axetic d trong iu kin
thch hp iu ch t axetat thu c m gam hn hp X gm 2 polime.
trung ha 1/1000 lng axit sinh ra cn 140 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Phn trm v
khi lng mt polime trong X l:
A. 17,60%. B. 20,00%. C. 22,16% . D. 29,93%.
Cu 20: Thy phn hon ton 110,75 gam mt cht bo trong mi trng axit thu
c 11,5 gam glixerol v hn hp 2 axit A, B trong 2 > m A : m B > 1. Hai axit
n
A, B ln lt l:
.v
A. C 17 H 33 COOH v C 17 H 35 COOH.
om
B. C 17 H 35 COOH v C 17 H 31 COOH.
C. C 17 H 31 COOH v C 17 H 35 COOH.
D. C 17 H 35 COOH v C 17 H 33 COOH.
Cu 21: Oxi ho 9,2 gam ancol etylic bng CuO un nng thu c 13,2 gam hn
.c
hp gm anehit, axit, ancol d v nc. Hn hp ny tc dng vi Na sinh ra
3,36 lt H 2 ktc. Phn trm ancol b oxi ho l:
ok
A. 75%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 90%.
Cu 22: Chia 18,2 gam hn hp 2 ancol no mch h thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
bo
- Phn 1 phn ng vi Na d c V lt H 2 (ktc).

- Phn 2 t chy hon ton ri dn sn phm chy vo dung dch nc vi
et
trong d thy xut hin 37,5gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gm 12
gam so vi ban u. Gi tr ca V
vi
A. 2,8 B. 5,04 C. 5,6 D. 2,52

Cu 23: Hn hp A gm 2 andehit X, Y u mch h, n chc (u c khng
ng
qu 4 nguyn t C trong phn t). t chy hon ton 0,3 mol A thu c 0,5 mol
CO 2 v 0,3 mol H 2 O . Nu ly 0,3 mol A cho tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th xut
a
hin m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l?

kh
A. 64,8 gam B. 127,4 gam

C. 125,2 gam D. 86,4 gam
Cu 24: t chy hon ton 19,3 gam hn hp X gm cc amin no h thu c
35,2 gam CO 2 v 24,3 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 19,3 gam X tc dng vi HCl d c
m gam mui. Xc nh m?
A. 32,680 gam B. 37,550 gam
C. 39,375 gam D. 36,645 gam
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm cc hidrocacbon v ancol mch h. t chy hon ton
1,48 gam X thu c 3,08 gam CO 2 v 1,44 gam H 2 O. Nu ly 2,22 gam X cho
tc dng vi Na d thy thot ra V lt H 2 (ktc). Xc nh V?
127
A. 0,336 lt B. 0,112 lt C. 0,168 lt D. 0,504 lt

Cu 26: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng (c t l s mol 2:3).
t X thu c 4,84 gam CO 2 v 2,88 gam H 2 O. Oxi ha nh X bng CuO ri ly
sn phm cho tham gia phn ng trng gng thu c m gam Ag, bit cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr nh nht ca m l?
Cu 27: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t
cacbon). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp M, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO 2 (
ktc) v 6,48 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 0,1 mol hn hp M tc dng ht vi lng d
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 . S mol AgNO 3 phn ng l
A. 0,20 B. 0,14 C. 0,12 D. 0,10
n
Cu 28: Cho hn hp hai axit cacboxylic hai chc tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
.v
va thu c dung dch cha m gam hn hp mui. Cho ton b lng mui thu
c tc dng ht vi NaOH d c mt CaO un nng thu c cht rn X v hn
om
hp hirocacbon Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng 18,5. Cho ton b cht rn X tc dng
vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, d thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 . Gi tr m l
A. 25,0. B. 61,8. C. 33,8. D. 32,4.
.c
Cu 29: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, etyl axetat v metyl axetat. Cho m gam hn
hp X tc dng va vi 200 ml dd NaOH 1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m
ok
gam hn hp X cn V lt O 2 (ktc) sau cho ton b sn phm chy vo dd NaOH
d thy khi lng dd tng 40,3 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 17,36 lt B. 19,04 lt C. 19,60 lt D. 15,12 lt
bo
Cu 30: X l hn hp 2 este ca cng 1 ancol no, n chc v 2 axit no, n chc

ng ng k tip. t chy han ton 0,1 mol X cn 6,16 lt O 2 (ktc). un nng
et
0,1 mol X vi 50 gam dd NaOH 20% n phn ng hon ton, ri c cn dd sau

phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 37,5 B. 7,5 C. 15 D. 13,5.

ng
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1:Chn p n B
a
cc cht trong X: S C bng s O v s H gp i s C

X : [ COH 2 ]n + nO2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
kh
Do : =
n O2 n=
CO2 0,3(mol)
Cu 2: Chn p n B
4.16
Ta c ngay X : R ( COOH )2 < 0,7 R > 1,4
R + 90
n O = 0,4
2
=n CO2 0,35 n Otrong=
BTNT.oxi X,Y,Z
0,35(mol)

n H2 O = 0,45
128

=BTKL
m(C,H,O) 10,7(gam)
m X,Y,Z =
axit : a a + b =0,2 a = 0,05(mol)
BTNT.oxi
ancol : b 4a + b = 0,35 b = 0,15(mol)
10,7 0,05.104
=
ROH = R 19,67
0,15
CH 3OH : 0,1(mol) 0,1.32
=
% = 29,91%
C H OH : 0,05(mol) 10,7
n
2 5
Cu 3: Chn p n D
.v
Ch :
om
3R ( COOH )2 + 2R ' ( OH )3 R3 ( COO )6 R '2 + 6H 2 O
mR ( COOH ) n + nR ' ( OH ) m Rm ( COO ) nmR ' n + nmH2O
n=

n CaCO=
3
0,6 m=
60 (m CO2 + m H2 O=
.c
) 29,1
m H2 O =4,5 n H2 O =0,25
ok
0,6 0,25
Do X c 6 v 2 vng: n CO2 n H2 O = 7n X n X = = 0,05
7
bo
BTKL: m X = m(C,H,O) = 0,6.12 + 0,25.2 + 0,05.12.16 = 17,3

et
17,3
MX = = 346
0,05
vi
Cu 4: Chn p n B
CO2 : 0,525
ng
= m X 0,525.44 + 0,525.18 =
BTKL
0,625.32 12,55
H 2 O : 0,525 BTNT oxi
= 0,525.3 0,625.2
= 0,325
trong X
O : 0,625 nO
2
a
kh
nCO2 = nH 2 O C H O : a = a + b 0,2= a 0, 075

n 2n
C m H 2m O2 : b =a + 2b 0,325
= b 0,125
0, 075.CH 3 CHO + 0,125.C 3 H 6 O2 = 12,55 n Ag = 0, 075.2= 0,15
Cu 5: Chn p n D
C 3 H 4 O2 C 3 (H 2 O)2

X CH 2 O C(H 2 O) n CO2 = n O2 = 0,2 m = 2,7 + 0,2.12 = 5,1(gam)
C H O C (H O)
2 4 2 2 2 2
lm nhanh ta hiu nc c tch ra t X cn O 2 phn ng i vo CO 2
129
Cu 6: Chn p n C

BTKL
6,9 +=
11,2 15, 4 + m H2 O m
= H2 O 2,7
2,7 15, 4
m OX = 6,9
.2 .12 = 2, 4
18 44
= =
C : H : O 0,35 : 0,3 : 0,15 7 : 6 : 3
n = 0, 05 HO C 6 H 4 OOCH
X
n NaOH = 0,18 =n H2 O 0,=
05.2 0,1
6,9 + 0,18.40 = m + 0,1.18 m = 12,3g
Cu 7: Chn p n D
n
C15 H 31COOH : a(mol)= a + b + c 0,04= a 0,02(mol)
.v

m C17 H 35COOH : b(mol) 16c + 18b + 18c = 0,68 b = 0,005(mol)
C H COOH : c(mol) 32a + 36b += 32c 1,3 = c 0,015(mol)
om
17 31
Cu 8: Chn p n A
HCOOH R1COOH

X
CH 3COOH R1 = 8
.c
R1COOH : 0,32(mol)

ok
CH 3OH R 2 OH R 2 OH : 0,2(mol)
Y
C H OH
2 5 R 2 = 23,4
bo
m = este 0,2.0,8(8 + 44 + 23,4)

= 12,064(gam)
Cu 9: Chn p n C
et
Vi 13,6 gam X:

BTKL
13,6 + 0,75.32
= 0,65.44 + m H2 O m H2= 9 n H= 0,5
vi
O O 2

2n X + 0,75.2
BTNT oxi
= 0,65.2 + 0,5
= n X 0,15
ng
Vi 27,2 gam X:
11 CH 3 OH
a
n X = 0,3 ROH = = 36,67 R = 19,67

0,3 C 2 H 5 OH
kh
27,2
M X= RCOOR
= R
= 27
0,3
Cu 10: Chn p n B
n = 1 n anken =
1 n H2 O =1(mol)
0,5(mol) : C 2 H 5OH Br2
X 1,2 1
0,7(mol) : C 3 H 7 OH n ete = =0,1 n H2 O =0,1(mol)
2

BTKL
0,5.46 + 0,7.60
= m + 1,1.18 = m 45,2(gam)
130
Cu 11: Chn p n C
11,5
=n hh = 0,25
M C n H 2 n +2 Ox = 46 46 n CO2 = 0,8 0,25 = 0,55 V = 12,32 lt
n H O = 0,8
2
Cu 12: Chn p n A
( CH 2 O )n + nO2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
n O=
2
n CO=
2
n=

0,5
Cu 13: Chn p n D
1 lit X + BaCl 2 n BaCO3 =
0,06
n
CaCO3 : 0,06
.v

1 lit X + CaCl 2 Ca(HCO3 )2 t0
CaCO3 + CO 2 + H 2 O C = 0,08
om
0,01

CO32 : 0,12 n NaOH= 0,12 m= 4,8

2 lit X HCO3 : 0,02
.c
+
ok
Na : 0,26
0,16
C= 0,16 = a = 0,08
bo
2
Cu 14: Chn p n C
et
3n 2
C n H 2n O2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
2 n=2,5
vi
0,1 0,275
ng
RCOOCH 3 0,1: RCOONa

0,1 + 0,25NaOH m =
13,5
R = 8 0,15 : NaOH
a
Cu 15: Chn p n A
kh
21,2
HCOOH RCOOH = n X = 0,4
X X 53
CH 3COOH R = 8 n C H OH = 0,5
2 5
m=este 0,4.0,8(8 + 44 +=
29) 25,92(gam)
Cu 16: Chn p n B
n H2 = 0,1 n X = 0,2

n Ag = 0,4
TH1: X l CH 3 OH v ru bc 2 hoc bc 3:
131
CH OH : 0,1
10,6 3 R = 57 C4 H 9 OH (2 cha t )
ROH : 0,1
10,6
TH2: RCH 2 OH R + 14 + 17 =
0,2
C H OH : 0,1
X 2 5 R = 60 C 3 H 7 OH
ROH : 0,1
Cu 17: Chn p n A
R(CH 2 OH)2 + 2O R ( CHO ) + 2H 2 O
2
n
nO
n X = = 0,3 m = 45 0,6.16 = 35,4(gam)
.v
2
n hh =0,9 m sau phan ng
0,9.2.25 =
= 45
om
hh

Cu 18: Chn p n C
CH 3CH 2 OH : 3(mol)
.c
CH 2 = CH 2 : 3(mol)
X C 3 H 7 OH(b1 ) : a(mol)
=
CH CH CH 3 : 2(mol)
ok
2
C 3 H 7 OH(b 2 ) : b(mol)
a + b = 2
a = 0,5(mol)
bo
3.46 + 60a 28
60b = b = 1,5(mol)
15
et
Cu 19: Chn p n A
Cc bn nh: Trong xenlulozo c 3 nhm OH.
vi
n xenlulo = 0,1 este(3chu c) : a =a + b 0,1= a 0,08

X
ng

n NaOH 0,28
= este(2 chu c) : b 3a
= + 2b 0,28= b 0,02
m este(3chuc) = (162 3.17 + 59.3).0,08 = 23,04
a

m este(2chuc) = (162 2.17 + 59.2).0,02 = 4,92 4,92
kh
.100% =
17,6%
M XLL = 162 4,92 + 23,04
M = 59
CH3COO
Cu 20: Chn p n A
41

n Gli =0,125 M beo =886 =2R1COO
R COO
2
2R1 + R 2 = 713 = 2C17 H 35 + C17 H 31
132
Cu 21: Chn p n A
CH 3CH 2 OH + O CH 3CHO + H 2 O

a a a

CH 3CH 2 OH + 2O CH 3COOH + H 2 O
b 2b b b

CH 3CH 2 OH du : 0,2 a b
a + 2b = n O = 0,25

0,5a + b + 0,5(0,2 a b)= n H2= 0,15
n
a = 0,05 0,15
H= = 75%
.v
b = 0,1 0,2
Cu 22: Chn p n D
om
n = 0,375 n CO = 0,375
2
= m 37,5 (m CO2 + m H=
2O
) 12 n H2 O = 0,5
.c
9,1 0,375.12 0,5.2 0,225

BTNT oxi
=
n O n=
OH = 0,225 n=
H2 = 0,1125
ok
16 2
Cu 23: Chn p n B
bo
n = 0,3
A C = 1,67 HCHO : a
n CO2 = 0,5
H = 2 CH C CHO : b
et
n
H2 O = 0,3
=a + b 0,3= a 0,2 Ag : 0,2.4 + 0,1.2 =
1
vi
m= 127,4(gam)
a= + 3b 0,5 = b 0,1 CAg C COONH 4 : 0,1
ng
Cu 24: Chn p n B
CO2 : 0,8(mol) 19,3 0,8.12 1,35.2
a

BTNT nito
n=
N = 0,5
= n NH= n HCl
H 2 O :1,35(mol) 14 2
kh

BTKL

= m 19,3 + 0,5.36,5
= 37,55(gam)
Cu 25: Chn p n D
n CO2 = 0,07(mol) BTKL 1,48 0,07.12 0,08.2
= n OX = 0,03(mol)
n H2 O = 0,08(mol) 16
133
0,03
= n OH n H2 = = 0,015(mol)
2
0,015.2,22
vi m= 2,22 n H = = 0,0225(mol) V= 0,504(lit)
2
1,48
Cu 26: Chn p n D
CO2 : 0,11(mol) CH 3OH
n X= 0,05 C= 2,2 TH1
H 2 O : 0,16(mol) RCH 2 OH
Vi TH 1 : s mol Ag b nht l 0,02.4 +0,03.2 = 0,14 m = 15,12 (Loi)
C H OH
n
TH 2 2 5 n ancol = n andehit = 0,05 n Ag = 0,1(mol)
RCH 2 OH
.v
Cu 27: Chn p n B
om
H 2 O : 0,36 H = 3,6 CH CH CH 3 : a a = 0,16(mol)
0,2M
CO2 : 0,6 C = 3 CH C CHO : b y = 0,04(mol)
CH CH CH 3 : 0,08 BTNT.Ag
0,1M n AgNO
=
.c0,08 + 0,02.3
= 0,14(mol)
CH C CHO : 0,02
3
ok
Cu 28: Chn p n C
RH : a
bo
a(mol) R ( COOH )2 a R ( COONa )2 2

Na 2 CO3 =
: 2a n=
CO2 0,4
R = 35 m = 0,2. ( 35 + 67.2 ) = 33,8(gam)
et
Cu 29: Chn p n A
vi
D thy X gm cc cht cha 1 lin kt v c 2O.

ng
cha y
X : Cn H 2n O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
CO : a
n= 0,2(mol) 2 44a + 18a
= 40,3 =
a 0,65(mol)
a
X
H 2 O : a
kh

BTNT.oxi
0,2.2 +=
2n O2 0,65.3
= n O2 0,775(mol)
Cu 30: Chn p n D
3n 2
X : C n H 2 n O2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
Chay
2 n=
2,5
0,1 0,275
HCOOCH 3 : 0, 05(mol)
X
CH 3 COOCH 3 : 0, 05(mol)
134
n NaOH =0,25 n CH3OH =0,1(mol)

BTKL
6,7 + 10
= m + 0,1.32 =
m 13,5(gam)
BI TP TNG HP S 6
Cu 1: Hn hp M gm axit X, ancol Y v este Z (to thnh t X v Y) u n
chc; trong s mol X gp hai ln s mol Y. Bit 17,35 gam M tc dng va
vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, thu c 16,4 gam mui khan v 8,05 gam
ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l:
A. HCOOH v C 3 H 7 OH. B. CH 3 COOH v CH 3 OH.
n
C. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 OH. D. HCOOH v CH 3 OH.
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp X gm CH 3 COOH, CH 2 = CH-
.v
COOH, (COOH) 2 th thu c 9 gam H 2 O v V lt kh CO 2 ( ktc). Nu cho 22,2
om
gam hn hp X tc dng ht vi dung dch NaHCO 3 d, thy thot ra 8,96 lt CO 2
( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 17,92. B. 11,20. C. 15,68. D. 22,40.
.c
Cu 3: X l mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C 6 H 10 O 5 tha mn cc phng
trnh phn ng sau:
ok
X + 2NaOH 2Y + H 2 O;
t0
Y + HCl(long) Z + NaCl
Hy cho bit khi cho 0,15 mol Z tc dng vi Na d thu c bao nhiu mol H 2 ?
bo
A. 0,15 mol. B. 0,075 mol. C. 0,1 mol. D. 0,2 mol.

Cu 4: X;Y l 2 hp cht hu c, mch h c hn nhau mt nguyn t cacbon,
thnh phn ch gm C,H,O. M X >M Y . t chy hon ton 0,34 mol hn hp Q
et
gm X v Y ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo mt dung dch cha 0,3 mol

Ba(OH) 2 ;0,1 mol KOH sau hp th thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Khi cho 0,34 mol
vi
hn hp Q vo mt dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH n phn ng hon ton,thu

ng
c dung dch khng cn baz. T khi ca X so vi Y nhn gi tr no sau y?

A.1,438 B.2,813 C.2,045 D.1,956
Cu 5: Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam X
a
vo 360 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n phn
kh
ng hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan.

Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9 gam X cn va 7,84 lt O 2 (ktc), thu c
15,4 gam CO 2 . Bit X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,1. B. 13,2. C. 12,3. D. 11,4
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm HCHO, CH 3 COOH, HCOOCH 3 v CH 3 CH(OH)COOH.
t chy hon ton X cn V lt O 2 (ktc), hp th ht sn phm chy vo mt
lng d nc vi trong thu c 50 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 11,2. B. 16,8. C. 7,84. D. 8,40.
135
Cu 7: Cho hn hp X gm ancol benzylic, metanol, propenol v etilen glicol tc

dng ht vi Na thu c 1,344 lt H 2 ( ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m
gam X thu c 6,048 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 5,58 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,28. B. 5,64. C. 5,78. D. 4,82.
Cu 8. Nung 8,13 gam hn hp X gm hai mui natri ca 2 axit cacboxylic (mt
axit n chc va mt axit hai c hc) vi vi ti xt d thu c 1,68 lit khi metan
(ktc). Hy cho bit nu t chay hoan toan hn hp X bng oxi thi thu c bao
nhiu gam Na 2 CO 3 ?
Cu 9: Dung dch X cha 0,01 mol ClH 3 N-CH 2 -COOH; 0,02 mol CH 3 -
CH(NH 2 )-COOH; 0,05 mol HCOOC 6 H 5 . Cho dd X tc dng vi 160 ml dd KOH
n
1M un nng phn ng xy ra hon ton. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu
.v
c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A.8,615gam B.14,515gam C.12,535gam D.16,335gam.
om
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 54 gam hn hp X gm axit fomic,axit axetic; axit
acrylic,axit oxalic v axit aipic thu c 39,2 lt CO 2 (ktc) v m gam H 2 O. Mt
khc ,khi cho 54 gam hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi dd NaHCO 3 d thu c
.c
21,28 lt CO 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A.46,8 gam B.43,2gam C.23,4gam D.21,6gam.
ok
Cu 11. Hp cht X c thnh phn gm C, H, O cha vng benzen. Cho 6,9 gam
X vo 360 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M (d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng) n
bo
phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn

khan. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 6,9 gam X cn va 7,84 lt O 2 (ktc), thu
c 15,4 gam CO 2 . Bit X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin
et
nht. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,4 B. 11,1 C. 13,2 D. 12,3
vi
Cu 12. Cho hn hp X gm axit no n chc A, ancol n chc B v este E c

iu ch t A v B. t chy hon ton 9,6 g hn hp X thu c 8,64 g H 2 O v
ng
8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Bit trong X th B chim 50% theo s mol. S mol ancol B
trong 9,6 g hn hp l:
a
A. 0,075 B. 0,08 C. 0,09 D. 0,06

kh
Cu 13. t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH,

CxHyCOOCH 3 v CH 3 OH thu c 2,688 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H 2 O. Mt
khc, 2,76 gam X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 0,96
gam CH 3 OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l
A. C 2 H 5 COOH. B. C 2 H 3 COOH. C. C 3 H 5 COOH. D. CH 3 COOH.
Cu 14: t chy hon ton 25,3 gam hn hp X gm RCOOH, C 2 H 3 COOH, v
(COOH) 2 thu c m gam H 2 O v 15,68 lt CO 2 (ktc). Mt khc, 25,3 gam hn
hp X phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO 3 d thu c 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO 2 .Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 10,8 gam B. 9 gam C. 7,2 gam D. 8,1gam
136
Cu 15: Hp cht hu c X mch h c cng thc C x H y O. Khi t chy hon

ton a mol X thu c b mol CO 2 v c mol H 2 O. Bit (b c) = a. Khi hidro ha
hon ton 0,1 mol X th th tch H 2 (ktc) cn l:
A. 6,72 lit B. 4,48 lit C. 8,96 lit D. 2,24lit
Cu 16: Hn hp kh X gm O 2 v O 3 , t khi ca X so vi H 2 l 17,6. Hn hp
kh Y gm C 2 H 4 v CH 4 , t khi ca Y so vi H 2 l 11. Th tch hn hp kh X
(ktc) ti thiu cn dng t chy hon ton 0,044 mol hn hp kh Y l:
A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 1,12 lt. D. 4,48 lt.
Cu 17: Hn hp M gm ancol X, axit cacboxylic Y (u no, n chc, mch h)
v este Z to ra t X v Y. t chy hon ton m gam M cn dng va 0,18
mol O 2 , sinh ra 0,14 mol CO 2 . Cho m gam M trn vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH
n
0,1M un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c dung dch N. C cn dung
.v
dch N cn li 3,68 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc ca Y l:
A. C 2 H 5 COOH. B. HCOOH.
om
C. C 3 H 7 COOH. D. CH 3 COOH.
.c
ok
A. 12,064 gam B. 20,4352 gam
C. 22,736 gam D. 17,728 gam
Cu 19: t chy m gam hn hp X gm etyl axetat, axit acrylic v anehit axetic
bo
ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng nc vi trong d thu

c 45 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh nc vi trong tng 27 gam. S mol axit
et
acrylic c trong m gam hn hp X l:

A. 0,150. B. 0,100. C. 0,025. D. 0,050.
vi
Cu 20: Hn hp M gm SiH 4 v CH 4 . t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp M

cn dng va 0,4 mol O 2 , thu c sn phm kh X v m gam sn phm rn Y.
ng
Cho ton b lng X i qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 ly d, kt thc phn ng thu
c 15 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
a
A. 3. B. 15. C. 6. D. 12.
Cu 21: Hn hp A gm mt axit no, h, n chc v hai axit khng no, h, n
kh
chc (gc hirocacbon cha mt lin kt i), k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Cho A tc dng hon ton vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2,0 M. trung ha va
ht lng NaOH d cn thm vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,0 M c dung dch D.
C cn cn thn D thu c 22,89 gam cht rn khan. Mt khc t chy hon ton
A ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch
NaOH c, khi lng bnh tng thm 26,72 gam. Phn trm khi lng ca axit
khng no c khi lng phn t nh hn trong hn hp A l:
A. 35,52% B. 40,82% C. 44,24% D. 22,78%
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm hiro, propen, propanal, ancol alylic (CH 2 =CH-
CH 2 OH). t chy hon ton 1 mol hn hp X thu c 40,32 lt CO 2 (ktc). un
137
X vi bt Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y, c d Y = 1, 25 . Dn 0,1 mol

X
hn hp Y qua dung dch brom d, thy ht m gam brom. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 12,0. B. 16,0. C. 4,0. D. 8,0.
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm eten v propen c t l mol l 3:2. Hirat ha hon ton X
thu c hn hp ancol Y trong t l khi lng ancol bc1 so vi ancol bc 2 l
28:15. Thanh phn phn trm v khi lng ca ancol propylic trong Y l :
A. 30,00%. B. 34,88%. C. 11,63%. D. 45,63%.
Cu 24: Hn hp X gm C n H 2n-1 CHO , C n H 2n-1 COOH, C n H 2n-1 CH 2 OH (u
mch h,n N*). Cho 2,8 gam X phn ng va vi 8,8 gam brom trong nc.
Mt khc cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3
n
trong NH 3 kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag. Xc nh phn trm khi
lng ca C n H 2n-1 CHO trong X?
.v
A. 26,63% B. 20.00% C. 16,42% D. 22,22%.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH 3 COOH,
om
C x H y COOH,(COOH) 2 thu c 0,8 mol H 2 O v m gam CO 2 . Cng 29,6 gam X
tc dng vi lng d NaHCO 3 thu c 0,5 mol CO 2 . Tnh m?
A. 44 B. 22 C. 11 .c D. 33
Cu 26: Oxi ha 4,16 gam ancol n chc X bng O 2 (xc tc thch hp) thu c
7,36 gam hn hp sn phm Y gm ancol d, anehit, axit v nc. Cho Y tc
ok
dng vi Na d thu c 2,464 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc cho Y tc dng vi dung
dch AgNO 3 d trong NH 3 d un nng, n phn ng hon ton thu c m gam
bo
Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,64. B. 56,16. C. 28,08. D. 19.44.
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol A v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. dX/H 2 =
et
23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng
vi
ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dd AgNO 3 trong
ng
NH 3 , to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l:

A. 65,2% B. 16,3% C. 48,9% D. 83,7%
Cu 28: Cho 0,13 mol hn hp X gm, CH 3 OH, HCOOH, HCOOCH 3 tc dng
a
va vi 0,05 mol NaOH un nng. Oxi ha ancol sinh ra thnh anehit, cho
kh
lng anehit ny tc dng ht vi Ag 2 O/NH 3 (d) c 0,4 mol Ag. S mol ca

HCOOH trong hn hp u l:
A. 0,04 mol. B. 0,02 mol C. 0,01 mol D. 0,03 mol
Cu 29: Cho cc cht HCHO,HCOOH, HCOOCH 3 , HCOOC 2 H 3 , CHCCHO,
HCOONa s mol mi cht l 0,01 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d trong NH 3
tng khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 17,28 B. 15,12 C. 19,22 D. 12,96
Cu 30: t chay hoan toan 4,02 gam hn hp X gm axit acrylic , vinyl axetat va
metyl metacrylat ri cho toan b san phm chay vao binh 1 ng dung dich H 2 SO 4
138
c, binh 2 ng dung dich Ba (OH) 2 d thy khi lng binh 1 tng m gam, binh
2 xut hin 35,46 gam kt tua. Gia tri cua m la :
A. 2,34. B. 2,70. C. 3,24. D. 3,65.
Cu 31: Cho 8,04 gam hn hp hi gm anehit axetic v axetilen tc dng hon
ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong mi trng NH 3 thu c 55,2 gam kt ta. Cho
kt ta ny vo dung dch HCl d, sau khi kt thc phn ng cn li m gam cht
rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,6 B. 80,36 C. 61,78 D. 55,2
Cu 32: Cho m gam hn hp X gm ancol benzylic, metanol, propenol v etylen
glicol tc dng ht vi Na thu c 1,344 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy
hon ton m gam X thu c 6,048 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 5,58 gam H 2 O. Gi tr
n
ca m l:
.v
A. 4,82 B. 5,78 C. 5,64 D. 6,28
Cu 33: Cho m gam hn hp Y gm axit axetic, phenol, ancol etylic tc dng va
om
vi Na thu c 19,6 gam hn hp mui X. t chy hon ton X thu c
10,6 gam mui cacbonat. Nu cho 30,4 gam hn hp Y trn tc dng vi Na d th
thu c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l: .c
A. 4,48 B. 5,6 C. 3,36 D. 6,72
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm Zn, Fe, Cu. Cho 18,5 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung
ok
dch HCl d thu c 4,48 lit H 2 (ktc). Mt khc cho 0,15 mol hn hp X phn ng
va vi 3,92 lt kh Cl 2 (ktc). S mol Fe c trong 18,5 gam hn hp X l:
bo

Cu 35: Cho 10,32 gam hn hp X gm Cu, Ag tc dng va vi 160 ml dung
dch Y gm HNO 3 1M v H 2 SO 4 0,5 M thu c kh NO duy nht v dung dch Z
et
cha m gam cht tan. Gi tr ca m l:

vi
A. 20,36 B. 18,75 C. 22,96 D. 23,06

Cu 36: Cho hn hp dng bt gm Al v Fe vo 100 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,75
ng
M, khuy k hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 9 gam cht rn A

gm hai kim loi. ho tan hon ton cht rn A th cn t nht bao nhiu lt
dung dch HNO 3 1M (bit phn ng to ra sn phm kh NO duy nht)?
a
A. 0,6 lit B. 0,5 lit C. 0,4 lt D. 0,3 lit

kh
Cu 37: Cho 11,6 gam FeCO 3 tc dng va vi dung dch HNO 3 thu c hn
hp kh (CO 2 , NO) v dung dch X. Khi thm dung dch HCl d vo dung dch X
th ho tan ti a c bao nhiu gam bt Cu (bit c kh NO bay ra).
A. 28,8 gam B. 16 gam C. 48 gam D. 32 gam
Cu 38:Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 200ml dung dch cha Na 2 CO 3
0,5M v NaOH 0,75M thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch BaCl 2 d vo dung
dch X thu c kt ta c khi lng l:
A. 9,85gam. B. 29,55 gam. C. 19,7gam. D. 39,4 gam.
139
Cu 39: Nhit phn hon ton R(NO 3 ) 2 (vi R l kim loi) thu c 8 gam mt
oxit kim loi v 5,04 lt hn hp kh X gm NO2 v O2 (o ktc). Khi lng ca
hn hp kh X l 10 gam. Xc nh cng thc ca mui R(NO 3) 2 ?
A. Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . B. Zn(NO 3 ) 2 . C. Fe(NO 3 ) 2 . D. Cu(NO 3 ) 2 .
Cu 40:Cho a (gam) st vo dung dch cha y mol CuSO 4 v z mol H 2 SO 4 long,
sau phn ng hon ton thu c kh H 2 , a (gam) ng v dung dch ch cha mt
cht tan duy nht. Mi quan h gia y v z l:
A. y = 5z. B. y = z. C. y = 7z. D. y = 3z.
P N CHI TIT
n
Cu 1: Chn p n C
.v
BT khi lng c ngay: 17,35 +0,2.40 = 16,4+ 8,05 + m H2O
m H2O = 0,9 n H2O = 0,05 = n axit
om
naxit = 0,05
16,1
nancol = 0,025 RCOONa == 82 R = 15 ( - CH 3 )
n = 0,15 0, 2 .c
este
8,05
= 46 (C 2 H 5 OH)
ok
M ancol =
0,025 + 0,15
Cu 2: Chn p n C
bo
n=
CO2 = 0,4 n Otrong
n COOH = X
0,8
BTKL
22,2
= m(C,H,O)
=
m C 22,2 0,5.2 0,8.16
= 8,4
BTNT.C

= n C n= 0,7(mol)
et
CO2
Cu 3: Chn p n A
vi
X + 2NaOH 2Y + H 2 O; Y + HCl(long) Z + NaCl.

0
t
ng
X : HO CH 2 CH 2 COO CH 2 CH 2 COOH
Z : HO CH 2 CH 2 COOH
a
Cu 4: Chn p n D
kh
Ba 2 + : 0,3 0,7

+ CO2 n = 0,2 n CO2 = + (0,35 0,2) = 0,5
OH : 0,7 2
Ta c :
Y(1C) : a = a + b 0,34= a 0,18
C= 1,47 X(2C) : b a =
+ 2b 0,5 = b 0,16
Y : HCOOH 90

KOH:0,35
d=
X : HOOC COOH 46
Cu 5: Chn p n C

BTKL
6,9 +=
11,2 15,4 + m H2 O m
= H2 O 2,7
140
2,7 15,4
m OX = 6,9 .2 .12 = 2,4
18 44
= =
C : H : O 0,35 : 0,3 : 0,15 7 : 6 : 3
n = 0,05(mol) HO C 6 H 4 OOCH
X
n NaOH = 0,18(mol) = = 0,1
n H2 O 0,05.2
6,9 + 0,18.40 = m + 0,1.18 m = 12,3(gam)
Cu 6: Chn p n A
( CH 2 O )n + nO2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
n O= n CO= n= 0,5(mol)
n
2 2
Cu 7: Chn p n C
.v
OH ONa + H
Ch quan trng :
om
=
n O n=
H
= 0,12
0,06.2

=
BTKL
m (C,
= H,O) 0,27.12 + 0,31.2 +=
.c 0,12.16 5,78(gam)
Cu 8. Chn p n A
CH 3COONa : a(mol)
ok
Thu c metan(CH 4 ) 8,13
NaOOCCH 2 COONa : b(mol)
bo
82a + 148b = 8,13 a = 0,045

a + =
b n CH= 4
0,075 b = 0,03
et

BTNT
Na nNa= a + 2b= 0,105
0,105
vi
BTNT
Na
Na=
2 CO3 = 0,0525= m 5,565(gam)
2
ng
Cu 9: Chn p n D
Dng bo ton khi lng . Ngay lp tc i nhm s mol nc cc bn nh!
=
n H2 O 0,01.2 + 0,02 +=
0,05 0,09 8,995 + 0,16.56
a
BTKL
kh
= m + 0,09.18 m = 16,335(gam)
Cu 10: Chn p n C
n=
CO2 = 0,95
n COOH BTKL
=
54 m C + m O + m H
m
= 1,75.12 + 0,95.2.16 + .2 =
m 23,4
18
Cu 11. Chn p n D
NaOH:0,18 NaOHd = 0,15
CO2 : 0,35
141
BTKL : 6,6 + 0,35.2 =15,4 + M H2 O nH 2 O =0,15

M OX =6,9 0,15.2 0,35.12 =2,4
nC : nH : nO = 7 : 6 : 3 OH(C 6 H 4 )COOH + NaOH nH 2 O = 0,1

BTKL
6,9 + 0,18.40
= m + 0,1.18 =
m 12,3(gam)
Cu 12. Chn p n B
CO2 : 0, 4(mol)

H 2 O : 0, 48(mol)
Do axit no n chc v nH 2 O > nCO 2 ancol l no
nAncol = nH 2 O- nCO 2 = 0,08
n
(Ch : axit v este u c 1pi)
.v
Cu 13. Chn p n B
tng: p dng BTKL v BTNT
om
n CO2 = 0,12(mol) BTKL
2,76=+ m O2 0,12.44 + 1,8
n H2 O = 0,1(mol) .c
m O2 = 4,32 n Opu = 0,27
ok

BTNT.oxi
2a + 2b + c +=
0,27 0,12.2 + 0,1 2b + 2a
= + c 0,07
c = 0,01(mol)
a + b =0,03
bo
+ NaOH
= b 0,02(mol)
= R 27
b + c =0,03
a = 0,01(mol)
et
Cu 14: Chn p n D
C ngay : nCO2 = nCOOH = 0,5 nOX = 0,5.2 = 1
vi
m

BTKL
25,3
= mo + me + m
= 1.16 + 0,7.12 + .2 =
ng
H m 8,1(gam)
18
Cu 15: Chn p n B
a
b c =a c hai lin kt pi
0,1mol X cn 2.0,1 mol H 2
kh
Cu 16: Chn p n B
O 2 : 4a(mol) n O = 11a
nX = 5a
O3 : a(mol) CO 2 :1,5.0,044
Y : C H = 22 x = 1,5 C H 0,044Y H O : 2.0,044
x 4 1,5 4 2

BTNT.cacbon
11a
= 0, 22 =
a 0,02 n X= 5a
= 0,1(mol)
142
Cu 17: Chn p n A
3n
C n H 2n O2 + 1 O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
2

C H 3m
O+ O2 mCO2 + (m + 1)H 2 O
m 2m + 2 2
3
n CO2 n O2 = n axit + n este = 0,03
2
RCOONa : 0,03(mol)
3,68(gam) R=
29
NaOH : 0,02(mol)
n
Cu 18: Chn p n A
.v
HCOOH R1COOH
X
om
CH 3COOH R1 = 8 R1COOH : 0,32(mol)

Y
C H OH
2 5 R 2 = 23,4 .c
m
= este 0,2.0,8(8 + 44 + 23,4)
= 12,064(gam)
ok
Cu 19: Chn p n D
: Ch c axit acrylic c 2 lin kt ,2 cht kia c 1 lin kt nn c ngay
bo

n acrylic
= n CO2 n H2 O

n CO= n=
et
2
0,45(mol)

m 27 0,45.44
= m CO2 + m H2 O n H2= = 0,4(mol)
vi
O
18
ng
n acrylic = 0,45 0,4 = 0,05(mol)

Cu 20: Chn p n A
a
SiO2 : a
SiH 4 : a BTNT
kh
M CO2 = : b 0,15
BTNT cac bon
= =
n n CaCO 0,15(mol)
CH
4 : b
3
H 2 O : 2(a + b)

BTNT.Oxi
0,4.2
= 2a + 2.0,15 + 2(a + 0,15)
=
a 0,05(mol) =m 0,05(28 + 16.2)
= 3(gam)
Cu 21: Chn p n D
RCOONa : 0, 2
D : 22,89 mRCOONa
= 17,04 =
R 18, 2
NaCl : 0,1
143
H +C
m A= 17,04 + 0,1.1 0,2.23= 12,64 mtrong .A
= 12,64 0,2.16.2= 6,24
CO : a 12a + 2b = 6,24
A + O2 26,72 2
H 2 O : b 44a + 18b =26,72
a = 0,46(mol) n axit
khong no
= 0,46 0,36 = 0,1(mol)

b = 0,36(mol) n axit = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1(mol)
no
HCOOH : 0,1
TH1: 12,64 R=
35, 4
RCOOH : 0,1
n
=
CH CH COOH : 0,04
C% =
2
22,78
CH 2 =CH CH 2 COOH : 0,06
.v
CH 3COOH : 0,1(mol)
om
C p n D ri nn khng cn lm TH2 12,64
RCOOH : 0,1(mol)
.
y l mt bi ton kh. lm nhanh cc bn cn phi p dng linh hot cc nh
.c
lut bo ton.
Cu 22: Chn p n D
ok
H 2 : 0,4(mol)
1 mol X
bo
C 3 H 6 Ox : 0,6(mol) n CO2 = 1,8(mol)

H 2 : 0,2(mol)
MY nX
et
= = 1,25 n Y = 0,8 C 3 H 6 Ox : 0,4(mol)

MX nY C H O : 0,2(mol)
3 8 x
vi
n Y =0,8 n Br2 =0,4(mol)

m=
8(gam)
ng
n Y =0,1 n Br2 =0,05(mol)

Cu 23: Chn p n C
a
CH 3CH 2 OH : 3(mol)
CH 2 = CH 2 : 3(mol)
kh

X C 3 H 7 OH(b1 ) : a(mol)
=
CH 2 CH CH 3 : 2(mol)
C 3 H 7 OH(b 2 ) : b(mol)
a + b = 2
a = 0,5(mol)
3.46 + 60a 28
= b = 1,5(mol)
60b 15
144
Cu 24: Chn p n B
R CHO : a(mol) 2a = 0,02

2,8X R COOH : b(mol) 2a + b + c =0,055
R CH OH : c(mol) R(a + b + c) + 29a + 45b + 31c =2,8
2
a = 0,01

b + c =0,035
0,045R + 16b + 2c =
1,495

a = 0,01(mol)
0,56
=
b 0,015(mol) %C 2 H=
3 CHO =
.100% 20%
n
c = 0,02(mol) 2,8

.v
Cu 25: Chn p n A
om
y l bi tp p dng cc LBT kh n gin:
n CO2 = 0,5(mol) n COOH = 0,5 n Otrong X =
1(mol)

n H2 O =0,8v n trong =
H
X
1,6(mol)
.c

BTKL
m C + 1.16 =
+ 1,6 =
29,6 12(gam)
ok
Cu 26: Chn p n C
1
bo
RCH 2 OH + 2 O2 RCHO + H 2 O
xt

a 0,5a a a
et

RCH 2 OH + O2 RCOOH + H 2 O
xt
b
vi
b b b

RCH 2 OH : c
ng

0,5a + b= n O2 = 0,1
a
c= 0,02(mol)
a + 2b +=c 2n H= 0,22
kh
Do s mol ancol phi ln hn 0,1+0,02 = 0,12

4,16
M ancol < = 34,67 CH 3OH
0,12
=
0,5a + b 0,1 =a 0,02(mol)

=
T c ngay: a + b 0,11= b 0,09(mol)
n Ag= 0,02.4 + 0,09.2= 0,26(mol)
145
Cu 27: Chn p n D
A CH 3OH : a

X C C C OH M X = 46 X C C C OH : b

C C(OH) C C C(OH) C : c
32a + 60(b + c)
46 = a+b+c a = 0,1
0, 025.60
n O = a + b + c = 0,2 b = 0, 025 % = .100% = 16,3%
n = 4a + 2b = 0, 45 c = 0, 075 46.0,2
Ag

n
Cu 28: Chn p n B
.v
CH 3OH : a(mol) =a + b + c 0,13= a 0,07(mol)

0,13 HCOOH : b(mol) b + =
c n NaOH= 0,05 =b 0,02(mol)
om
HCOOCH : c(mol) 4a + 4c = n = 0,4 c = 0,03(mol)
3 Ag
Cu 29: Chn p n C .c
HCHO 0,04(mol) Ag
HCOOH 0,02(mol) Ag
ok
HCOOCH = CH 2 0,04(mol) Ag
0,02.(mol)Ag
bo
CH C CHO
0,02.(mol)CAg C COONH 4
HCOONa 0,02(mol)Ag
et
Cu 30: Chn p n A
vi
m X = 4,02
C n H 2n 2 O2 + O2 nCO2 + ( n 1) H 2 O
ng
X : C n H 2n 2 O2
14n + 30 n
4,02 0,18
a
n = 3,6 n X = 0,05 n H2 O = 0,13 m = 2,34(gam)

kh
Cu 31: Chn p n C
CH CHO : a Ag : 2a
8,04 3 55,2
CH CH : b CAg CAg : b
44a=+ 26b 8,04 = a 0,1

BTKL

216a + 240b
= 55,2 = b 0,14
Ag : 0,2(mol) Ag : 0,2(mol)
+ HCl m = 61,78(gam)
CAg CAg : 0,14(mol) AgCl : 0,28(mol)
146
Cu 32: Chn p n B
1 1
: n H2 = n OH = n Otrong X n Otrong X = 0,12(mol)
2 2
CO2 : 0, 27
C ngay: =
m m(C, H,=
O) 0,12.16 + 0, 27.12 + 0,31.2
= 5, 78(gam)
H 2 O : 0,31
Cu 33: Chn p n A
n Na2 CO=
3
0,1
BTNT.Na
n Na
= 0,2
= n Y n H=
2
0,1

BTKL
m + 0,2.23
= 19,6 + 0,1.2 = m 15,2(gam)
m Y = 30,4 n Y = 0,4 n H2 = 0,2(mol)
n
Cu 34: Chn p n C
.v
Ch : T mt hn hp ban u nu chia ra nhiu phn khc nhau th t l % v
khi lng hay s mol trong tng phn l khng i.
om

BTKL
65a + 56b + 64c = 18,5
Zn : a BTE
2a + 2b= 0,2.2
Ta c: 18,5 Fe : b b=
0,1(mol)
Cu : c k(a + b + c) =0,15

BTE
.c
k(2a + 3b + 2c)= 0,175.2

ok
Cu 35: Chn p n C
n + = 0,16 + 0,16 = 0,32
H
bo
Ta c: n NO = 0,16
+
3

4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
et
m Cu + Ag = 10,32(gam)
vi

m= 22,96(gam) SO24 : 0,08(mol)
BTNT.N
ng
NO3 : 0,16 0,08= 0,08(mol)

Cu 36: Chn p n C
a
Hn hp A l Cu v Fe .
kh
Ta c :
Cu : 0,075
A n Min
e = 0,075.2 + 0,075.2 = 0,3(mol)
Fe : 0,075
S dng phng trnh : 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O n HNO3 = 0, 4
Cu 37: Chn p n D
Fe : 0,1(mol)
3+
Ta c:=
n FeCO3 0,1(mol)
BTNT.Fe

NO3 : 0,3(mol)
S dng: 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
147
Fe2 + : 0,1

HCl / Cu
Cl : 0,3.4 = 1,2
BTDT
=
a 0,5(mol) m =
Cu = 32(gam)
64.0,5
Cu 2 + : a

C th BTE cng cho kt qu kh nhanh .
Cu 38: Chn p n A
y l bi ton p dng BTNT kh hay.iu quan trng l cc bn cn suy ra
c nhanh l c hai mui Na c to thnh.
Na CO : 0,1(mol) CO2 :0,2 NaHCO3 : a(mol)
Ta c: 2 3
NaOH : 0,15(mol) Na 2 CO3 : b(mol)
n

BTNT.Na
= a + 2b 0,35
= a 0,25(mol)
.v
BTNT.C
a + b= 0,3 b = 0,05(mol)
om
n CO2 = n m = 0,05.197 = 9,85(gam)
3
Cu 39: Chn p n C
Bi ton c nhiu cch tm ra p n. .c
NO : 0,2 BTNT.N
= 8 + 10
Ta c: m muoi = 18 0,225 2 n R(NO3= 0,1(mol)
ok
)2
O2 : 0,025
18
M R(NO3 )2 = = 180 R = 56
bo
0,1
Cu 40: Chn p n C
et
Cht tan l FeSO 4 .

BT.Nhm.SO24 a
56= y + z
vi
Ta c: 56y + 56z= 64y y= 7z

a
ng

BTKL.Cu
=y
64
a
BI TP TNG HP S 7
kh
Cu 1: Thu phn hon ton 34,2 gam saccaroz. Ly ton b sn phm X ca

phn ng thu phn cho tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c a gam kt
ta. Cn nu cho ton b sn phm X tc dng vi dung dch nc brom d th c
b gam brom phn ng.Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l:
A. 43,2 v 32 B. 43,2 v 16
C. 21,6 v 16 D. 21,6 v 32
Cu 2: Cho dung dch NaOH d vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi
Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 0,5 M v BaCl 2 0,4 M th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
A. 19,7 gam B. 29,55 gam
148
C. 23,64 gam D. 17,73 gam

Cu 3: Trong 2 lt dung dch HF c cha 4 gam HF nguyn cht c in li ( =
8%). pH ca dung dch HF l:
A. 1,34 B. 2,50 C. 2,097 D. 1
Cu 4: un nng m gam hn hp X gm C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 v H 2 vi xc tc Ni n
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp Y (c t khi so vi
hir bng 8). t chy hon ton cng lng hn hp X trn, ri cho sn phm
chy hp th hon ton trong dung dch nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta
thu c l:
A. 20 gam B. 40 gam C. 30 gam D. 50 gam
Cu 5: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo bng 35,5. Clo c hai ng v
35
Cl v
n
17
37
Cl . Phn trm khi lng ca 35
Cl c trong axit pecloric l gi tr no sau y?
.v
17 17
(cho H=1; O=16)
om
A. 30,12% B. 26,92% C. 27,2% D. 26,12%
Cu 6: Ha tan 3 gam CH 3 COOH vo nc to ra 250 ml dung dch c in ly
=1,4%. Nng cn bng ca axit axetic v pH ca dung dch ln lt bng:
A. 0,1972M v 3,15.
C. 0,0028M v 1,55.
.c
B. 0,1972M v 2,55.
D. 0,0028M v 2,55.
ok
Cu 7: Cho kh CO qua hn hp T gm Fe v Fe 2 O 3 nung nng thu c hn hp
kh B v hn hp cht rn D. Cho B qua dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 6 gam
kt ta. Mt khc, ha tan hn hp D bng dung dch H 2 SO 4 c, nng, d thu
bo
c 0,18 mol SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht) v 24 gam mui. Phn trm s mol
ca Fe trong hn hp T l:
et
A. 75%. B. 45%. C. 80%. D. 50%.

Cu 8: Hn hp kh X c th tch 4,48 lt (o ktc) gm H 2 v vinylaxetilen c t
vi
l mol tng ng l 3:1. Cho hn hp X qua xc tc Ni nung nng thu c hn hp

kh Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng 14,5. Cho ton b hn hp Y trn t t qua dung
ng
dch nc brom d (phn ng hon ton) th khi lng brom phn ng l:

Cu 9: Khi nung butan vi xc tc thch hp thu c hn hp T gm CH 4 , C 3 H 6 ,
a
C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , H 2 v C 4 H 10 d. t chy hon ton hn hp T thu c 8,96

kh
lt CO 2 (o ktc) v 9,0 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, hn hp T lm mt mu va ht 12

gam Br 2 trong dung dch nc brom. Hiu sut phn ng nung butan l
A. 75%. B. 65%. C. 50%. D. 45%.
Cu 10: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
Th nghim 1: Trn 0,015 mol ancol no X vi 0,02 mol ancol no Y ri cho hn
hp tc dng ht vi Na c 1,008 lt H 2 .
Th nghim 2: Trn 0,02 mol ancol X vi 0,015 mol ancol Y ri cho hn hp
tc dng ht vi Na c 0,952 lt H 2 .
Th nghim 3: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp ancol nh trong th
nghim 1 thu c 6,21 gam hn hp gm CO 2 v H 2 O.
149
Bit th tch cc khi o ktc v cc ancol u mch h. Cng thc 2 ancol X

v Y ln lt l:
A. C 3 H 6 (OH) 2 v C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 . B. C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 v C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 .
C. CH 3 OH v C 2 H 5 OH. D. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 7 OH.
Cu 11: t chy hon ton 8,0 gam hn hp X gm hai ankin (th kh nhit
thng) thu c 26,4 gam CO 2 . Mt khc, cho 8,0 gam hn hp X tc dng vi
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d n khi phn ng hon ton thu c lng kt
ta vt qu 25 gam. Cng thc cu to ca hai ankin trn l
A. CH CH v CH 3 - C CH.
B. CH CH v CH 3 -CH 2 -C CH.
C. CH 3 -C CH v CH 3 -CH 2 -C CH.
n
D. CH CH v CH 3 -CC-CH 3 .
.v
Cu 12: Oxi ha anehit X n chc bng O 2 (xc tc thch hp) vi hiu sut
phn ng l 75% thu c hn hp Y gm axit cacboxylic tng ng v anehit
om
d. Trung ha axit trong hn hp Y cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M ri c cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,1 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho hn hp Y tc
dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d, un nng th thu c khi
.c
lng Ag l:
ok
Cu 13: x phng ha 1,0 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, ngi ta un cht
bo vi 142 gam NaOH trong dung dch. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
bo
ton, trung ha NaOH d cn va 50 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi lng

glixerol thu c t phn ng x phng ha l
et
A. 120,0 gam. B. 145,2 gam. C. 103,5 gam. D. 134,5 gam

Cu 14: Cho 15,84 gam este no, n chc, mch h vo cc cha 30ml dung dch
MOH 20% (d=1,2g/ml) va vi M l kim loi kim. Sau phn ng hon ton,
vi
c cn dung dch thu c cht rn X. t chy hon ton X thu c 9,54gam

ng
M 2 CO 3 v hn hp gm CO 2 , H 2 O. Kim loi M v cng thc cu to ca este ban

u l:
a
A. K v HCOO-CH 3 . B. K v CH 3 COOCH 3 .
C. Na v CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 . D. Na v HCOO-C 2 H 5 .
kh
Cu 15: Thy phn m (gam) xenluloz trong mi trng axit. Sau mt thi gian
phn ng, em trung ha axit bng kim, sau cho hn hp tc dng hon ton
vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 thu c m (gam) Ag. Xc nh hiu sut ca
phn ng thy phn xenluloz?
A. 80%. B. 66,67%. C. 75%. D. 50%.
Cu 16: C 49,125 gam cao su buna-S phn ng va ht vi 30 gam brom trong

CCl 4 . T l s mt xch stiren v butaien trong loi cao su trn tng ng l:
A. 1: 3. B. 2: 1. C. 2: 3. D. 1: 2
150
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v ancol A no, n chc, mch h. Cho 7,6

gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,68 lt H2 (o ktc). Mt khc oxi ha hon ton
7,6 gam X bng CuO nung nng ri cho ton b sn phm thu c tc dng hon ton
vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca
A l:
A. C 2 H 5 OH. B. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH.
C. CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3 . D. CH 3 CH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 .
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm mt anehit v mt ankin c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
t chy hon ton a (mol) hn hp X thu c 3a (mol) CO 2 v 1,8a (mol) H 2 O.
Hn hp X c s mol 0,1 tc dng c vi ti a 0,14 mol AgNO 3 trong NH 3
(iu kin thch hp). S mol ca anehit trong 0,1 mol hn hp X l:
n
A. 0,01. B. 0,02. C. 0,03. D. 0,04.
.v
Cu 19: Thc hin phn ng crackinh butan thu c mt hn hp X gm cc
ankan v cc anken. Cho ton b hn hp X vo dung dch Br 2 d thy c kh
om
thot ra bng 60% th tch X v khi lng dung dch Br 2 tng 5,6 gam v c 25,6
gam brom tham gia phn ng. t chy hon ton kh bay ra thu c a mol
CO 2 v b mol H 2 O. Vy a v b c gi tr l: .c
A. a = 0,9 mol v b = 1,5 mol B. a = 0,56 mol v b = 0,8 mol
ok
C. a = 1,2 mol v b = 1,6 mol D. a = 1,2 mol v b = 2,0 mola
Cu 20: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X cha Fe 3 O 4 v FeS 2 trong 63 gam dung
dch HNO 3 thu c 1,568 lt NO 2 duy nht (ktc). Dung dch thu c tc dng
bo
va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, lc kt ta ri em nung n khi lng

khng i th thu c 9,76 gam cht rn. Nng % ca dung dch HNO 3 ban
et
u l:
A. 47,2% B. 42,6% C. 46,2% D. 46,6%
vi
Cu 21: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl 3 . Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
ng

Cu 22: Cho dung dch CH 3 COOH 0,1M, K A = 1,8.10-5. in li ca axit
a
axetic gim mt na so vi ban u th khi lng CH 3 COOH cn phi cho vo 1

kh
lt dung dch trn l:

Cu 23: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt -
aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH 2 v mt nhm -
COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y thu c tng khi lng CO2 v H 2 O
bng 54,9 gam. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t qua
nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 24: Ha tan 3,56 gam oleum X vo nc thu c dung dch Y. trung ha
dung dch Y cn dng 80 ml dung dch NaOH 1,0M. Vy cng thc ca X l:
151
A. H 2 SO 4 .2SO 3 B. H 2 SO 4 .4SO 3 C. H 2 SO 4 .SO 3 D. H 2 SO 4 .3SO 3 .

Cu 25: Hn hp kh X gm H 2 v C 2 H 4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Nung X vi
Ni sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut
phn ng hiro ha l:
A. 50% B. 20% C. 40% D. 25%
Cu 26: t chy hon ton 1,6 gam mt este E n chc c 3,52 gam CO 2 v
1,152 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c
cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc ca
axit to nn este trn c th l:
A. HOOC-CH 2 -CH(OH)-CH 3 B. CH 3 -C(CH 3 ) 2 -COOH
n
C. HOOC(CH 2 ) 3 CH 2 OH D. CH 2 =CH-COOH
Cu 27: X l este to t axit n chc v ancol a chc. X khng tc dng vi Na.
.v
Thy phn hon ton a gam X cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 6% thu
om
c 10,2 gam mui v 4,6 gam ancol. Vy cng thc ca X l:
A. (CH 3 COO) 2 C 3 H 6 B. (HCOO) 2 C 2 H 4
C. (HCOO) 3 C 3 H 5 D. (C 2 H 3 COO) 3 C 3 H 5 .
.c
Cu 28: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 10 lt nung mt hn hp gm 1 mol N 2
v 4 mol H 2 nhit t0C v p sut P. Khi phn ng t n trong thi cn
ok
bng thu c mt hn hp trong NH 3 chim 25% th tch. Xc nh hng s
cn bng K C ca phn ng: N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 .
bo
A. 25,6 B. 1,6 C. 6,4 D. 12,8

Cu 29:Cho 2,8 gam bt st tc dng hon ton vi V ml dung dch HNO 3 0,5M
thu c sn phm kh NO duy nht v dung dch X. X c th tc dng va vi
et
dung dch cha 0,03 mol AgNO 3 . Gi tr ca V l:

vi
A. 280 ml B. 320 ml C. 340 ml D. 420 ml

Cu 30: Cho 672 ml kh clo (ktc) i qua 200 ml dung dch KOH a mol/l 1000C.
ng
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X c pH = 13. Lng cht
rn thu c khi c cn dung dch X l:
a

Cu 31: Thu phn dung dch cha 34,2 gam mantoz mt thi gian. Ly ton
kh
b sn phm thu c sau phn ng thu phn cho tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , sau phn ng hon ton thu c 31,32 gam Ag. Hiu
sut ca phn ng thu phn mantoz l:
A. 50% B. 45% C. 72,5% D. 55%
Cu 32: Thm t t tng git ca 100 ml dung dch cha Na 2 CO 3 1,2M v
NaHCO 3 0,6M vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau phn ng hon ton thu c
dung dch X. Cho dung dch nc vi trong d vo dung dch X th thu c bao
nhiu gam kt ta.
152
Cu 33: Khi t chy mt polime sinh ra t phn ng ng trng hp isopren vi

acrilonitrin bng lng oxi va thu c hn hp kh cha 58,33% CO 2 v th
tch. T l mt xch isopren vi acrilonitrin trong polime trn l:
A. 1:3 B. 1:2 C. 2:1 D. 3:2
Cu 34:Cho m gam kim loi M tan hon ton trong 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M
thu c dung dch X v 2,016 lt H 2 (ktc). Cho dung dch AgNO 3 d vo dung
dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
A. 23,63 gam B. 32,84 gam
C. 28,70 gam D. 14,35 gam
Cu 35: Nung hn hp gm 3,2 gam Cu v 17 gam AgNO 3 trong bnh kn, chn
khng. Sau phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh X. Cho X phn ng ht vi
n
nc thu c 2 lt dung dch Y. pH ca dung dch Y l:
.v
A. 0,523 B. 0,664 C. 1 D. 1,3
Cu 36: Hp cht ion G to nn t cc ion n nguyn t M2+ v X2-. Tng s ht
om
(ntron, proton, electron) trong phn t G l 84, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 28 ht. S ht mang in ca ion X2- t hn s ht
mang in ca ion M2+ l 20 ht. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l:
.c
A. 8, chu k 2, nhm VIA. B. 26, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
ok
C. 12, chu k 3, nhm IIA. D. 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA.
bo
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n B
et
thu y pha n
Ch : Sac glu + fruc c glu v fruc u c kh nng trng Ag trong
NH 3 . Tuy nhin ch c Glu c kh nng tc dng vi nc Br 2 .
vi
34,2 n = 0,1(mol)
Ta c: =
n Sac = 0,1(mol) Glu
ng
342 n Fruc = 0,1(mol)
n Ag = 0,1.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,4 a = 43,2(gam)

phan ng
a
n Br2 = n= Glu
0,1 b = 16(gam)
kh
Cu 2: Chn p n D
n HCO = 0,1 OH du
Ta c: 3
n CO=
2 0,1 > 0,09= = 17,73(gam)
m 0,09.197
n
Ba 2 + = 0,09 3
Cu 3: Chn p n C
4 =8%
Ta c: n=
HF = 0,2(mol) n=
H+
= 0,016(mol)
0,2.0,08
20
153
0,016
H + = = 8.103 PH =
2,097
2
Cu 4: Chn p n B
ng cheo
C H : 0,2(mol)
V phn ng hon ton v: M Y= 16 Y : 2 6
H 2 : 0,2(mol)
=
BTNT.C
m CaCO3 =
0,2.2.100 40(gam)
Cu 5: Chn p n D
35X + 37(100 X)
35
Ta c: % 17 Cl= X 35,5= X= 75%
100
n
0,75.35
35
Cl=
trong HClO 4 = 26,12%
.v
% 17
1 + 35,5 + 4.16
Cu 6: Chn p n B
om
3 =1,4% 0,05.1,4
Ta c: n CH3COO=
H = 0,05(mol) n=
H+
= 7.104 (mol)
60 100
H +=

7.104
= 2,8.103 PH
= 2,55
.c
0,25
ok
Cu 7: Chn p n C
24
C can E thu c 24g mui khan
BTNT.Fe

= n Fe 2n Fe= 2.= 0,12(mol)
bo
2 ( SO 4 )3
400
Fe : 0,12(mol) BTNT (O + C ) Fe : 0,12(mol)
Hn hp u D
et
O : a(mol) O : ( a 0,06 ) (mol)

vi
BTE
0,12.3 a 0,06 ( cha cht ch v D ch l
= 2(a 0,06) + 0,18.2 =
Fe).
ng
BTNT (Fe + O) Fe O : 0,02 BTKL

2 3 %n Fe = 80%
Fe : 0,08
a
Cu 8: Chn p n B
kh
H : 0,15(mol)
n X 0,2 2
Ta c:=
BTKL
=
mX =
2,9 m Y =
n Y 0,1
C H
4 4 : 0,05(mol)
BTLK.

=n 0,1 n Br 0,05.3 =
= 0,1 0,05 m Brom
= 8(gam)
phan ng
2
Cu 9: Chn p n A
: S mol butan b nhit phn bng s mol anken bng s mol Brom.
CO : 0,4(mol) BTKL
Ta c: 2
m Bu=
tan m(C,H)
= 5,8 n Bu=
tan 0,1(mol)
H 2 O : 0,5(mol)
154
0,075
n Br= n anken= 0,075(mol) H
= = 75%
2
0,1
Cu 10: Chn p n B
Vi cc bi ton tm CTPT hay CTCT cc bn nn trit tn dng p n.Ta
thy ngay t cc p n ch c 2 kh nng l X,Y n chc hoc X 2 chc v Y
3 chc.
0,015 X Na
Ta c: =n H2 0,045 loi ngay trng hp n chc (C v D)
0,02 Y
Th p n vi tng khi lng CO 2 v H 2 O
Cu 11: Chn p n B
n
Bi ton cho cc CTCT (theo cc p n).Cc bn nn trit tn dng.
.v
Ta c: m=
X 8 n CO=
2
0,6(mol)
BTKL
m trong
H = 8 0,6.12
X
= 0,8 (gam)
om

BTNT
n H2 O = 0,4(mol)
V X l ankin nn: n X = n CO2 n H2 O = 0,6 0, 4 = 0,2(mol)
.c
n X = n CO2 n H2 O = 0,6 0,4 = 0,2(mol) M X =
8
= 40 Loi A v C
0,2
ok
Kt hp vi p n chn B
Cu 12: Chn p n C
bo
5,1
Ta c: n NaOH = 0,075 = n RCOONa M RCOONa = R + 44 + 23 = R =1
0,075
et
HCHO : 0,025
Vy Y l: n=
Ag 0,025.4 + 0,075.2
= 0,25(mol)
HCOOH : 0,075
vi
m= = 27(gam)
0,25.108
ng
Ag
Cu 13: Chn p n C
Ta c: n H+ =0,125(mol) n xa phong hoa
=3,55 0,125 =3,324(mol)
a
NaOH
kh
n Este phng ha
NaOH = 3,55 0,125 0,05 = 3,375(mol)
te phng ha
n Es
n Glixerol= NaOH
= 1,125 m= 103,5(gam)
3
Cu 14: Chn p n C
m MOH = 7,2(gam) 7,2 9,54
Ta c:
BTNT.M
=
= M 23
m
M2 CO3 = 9,54(gam) M + 17 2M + 60
9,54
Ta li c: n Na
= 2 CO3
= 0,09 BTNT Na
n=
NaOH =0,18 n este
2.23 + 60
155
15,84
M este = = 88
0,18
Cu 15: Chn p n C
m m m
Ta c: n XLL = n Glu = .H n Ag = .H.2 = H = 75%
162 162 108
Cu 16: Chn p n B
a
C 4 H 6 : a 49,125
30 49,125.a b a= 2
Ta c: 49,125 n Br2 = = =
8 8
C H : b 160 54a + 104b a
54 + 104 b
b
n
Cu 17: Chn p n C
n X = 0,15(mol)
.v
Ta c: A phi l ancol bc 2.
n Ag = 0,2(mol)
om
n CH OH = 0,05(mol) BTKL
T ta c ngay: 3 0,05.32 + 0,1.A
= 7,6 = A 60
n A = 0,1(mol)
Cu 18: Chn p n B
.c
n = a(mol)
ok
X C = 3 C H
Ta c: n CO2 = 3a(mol) X 3 4
H = 3,6 CH C CHO
bo
n H2 O = 1,8a(mol)
C H : x = x + y 0,1 = x 0,08(mol)
Trong 0,1 mol X: 3 4
et
CH C CHO : y x= + 3y 0,14= y 0,02(mol)

Cu 19: Chn p n B
vi
m= m= tan g
5,6(gam)
anken Brom
ng
Ta c: 25,6
n= n= = 0,16

Brom anken
160
a
0,16.60%
n Trong
Ankan =
X
=0, 24 n Bu tan =0, 24
kh
40%
5,6
M anken= = 35 C2,5 H 5
0,16
C : 0,16.2,5 = 0, 4
anken
BTNT(C + H) H : 0, 4.2 = 0,8
n C=H 0, 24
ankan C : 0, 24.4 0, 4 =
4 10
0,56

H : 0, 24.10 0,8 = 1,6
156
a = 056(mol)
BTNT

b = 0,8(mol)
Cu 20: Chn p n C
nNO2 = 0,07(mol )
Ta c:
n= 0,061 nFe(=
BTNT . Fe
Fe2O3 OH )3 0,122(mol )
Fe O : a
= a + 15b = a 0,004(mol)
BTE
0,07
Ta li c: 3 4 BTNT.Fe
FeS2 : b 3a + b = 0,122 b = 0,002(mol)

BTNT.S
= n Na 2SO4 0,004(mol) =
BTNT.Na
n NaNO3 0,392(mol)
n

BTNT.N
n= 0,392 + =
0,07 0, 462(mol)
.v
HNO3
0, 462.63
% HNO
= = 46, 2%
.100%
om
3
63
Cu 21: Chn p n A
3,36
=
Ta c: n Fe = 0,06(mol) BTNT.Fe
n=.c
FeCl2 0,06(mol)
56
0,12.3 0,06.2
ok
=
BTNT.Clo
n MgCl = 0,12(mol)
2
2
=
BTNT.Mg
m 0,12.24
= 2,88(gam)
bo
Cu 22: Chn p n D
Bi ny c th dng cng thc gii nhanh.Tuy nhin mnh s lm th cng
cc bn hiu r.
et
Gi s ban u c 0,1 mol CH 3 COOH.

vi
cb : CH 3COOH CH 3COO + H +
Ta c:
0,1 a a a
ng
a.a
5 3 1,33.103
= =
K A 1,8.10
= a 1,33.10
= = 1,33.102
0,1 a
a
0,1
Khi cho thm x mol CH 3 COOH vo ta s c :
kh
cb : CH 3COOH CH 3COO + H +
0,1 + x y y y
Ta c:
157
y 1,33.10 2
=
=
y = 2,707.10 3
0,1 + x 2 Them
mCH 03.60 =
= 18
3COOH
y 2
5 x = 0,3

= 1,8.10
K A 0,1
=
+x
Cu 23: Chn p n A
A.a : Cn H 2 n +1O2 N Y : C3n H 6 n 1O4 N 3

C3n H 6 n 1O4 N 3 + (...) O2 3nCO2 + 6n 1 H 2O + 3 N 2
2 2
Ta c:
0,1X 0,6 : CO2
chay
n
6n 1
0,15 3.44n + = 82,35 =
.v
.18 n 3
2
om
Khi X l : C6 H12O3 N 2
O2
6CO2 + 6 H 2O + N 2

BTNT .C
n=
CO2 1, 2
= = 120( gam)
m 1, 2.100
Cu 24: Chn p n C .c
= 0,08
Ta c: nNaOH BTNT . Na
nNa2= 0,04 =
n 0,04
ok
SO4 S
3,56
D thy : = 0,02
BTNT . S
= nS 0,04(mol )
H 2 SO4 .SO3
bo
Cu 25: Chn p n A
Ta c: = n X 1 CH22H:0,5 =
n Y 15= 0,75 = n 0, 25 H = 50%
et
4 :0,5 20
Cu 26: Chn p n C
vi
nH O = 0,064 BTKL 1,6 0,08.12 0,064.2

Ta c: 2 = nOTrong E = 0,032(mol )
nCO2 = 0,08
ng
16
E + NaOH:
BTKL
10 + 0,15.40 = 0 E l este vng.
= 16 + mancol mancol
a
1 trong E
n= nO = 0,016 M = 100
kh
E E
2
Cu 27: Chn p n C
Nhn qua cc p n ta thy cc este ch c 2 trng hp l 2 chc hoc 3 chc.
4,6
n este =0,05 =n ancol Mancol = =92
6 0,05
n NaOH
= = 0,15
40 4,6
n este =0,075 =n ancol M ancol = =61,33 (loa i)
0,075
Cu 28: Chn p n D
158
N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
a 3a 2a
2a 1
= + a = 0,5
(1 a) + (4 3a) + 2a 4
=KC
[=
NH 3 ]
2
=
0,12
12,8
[ N 2 ].[ H 2 ]3 0,05.0, 253
Cu 29: Chn p n B
Fe 2+ AgNO :0,03 Fe 2+ : 0,03
=
nFe 0,05 HNO3
3+ 3
3+
n
Fe Fe : 0,02
0,03.2 + 0,02.3
.v
= BTE
nNO = 0,04
3
om
0,16

BTNT . N
nHNO
= 0,03.2 + 0,02.3 + 0,04
= 0,16 =
V = 0,32(lit )
3
0,5
Cu 30: Chn p n C .c
3Cl2 + 6KOH 5KCl2 + KClO3 + 3H 2 O
PH = 13 OH =6,1 n OH =0,02
ok
KCl : 0,05(mol)
bo
Cl2 : 0,03(mol) m KCl3 : 0,01(mol)

KOH : 0,01(mol)
et

= BTKL
m 0,05.74,5 + 0,01.122,5= + 0,02.56 6,07( gam)
Cu 31: Chn p n B
vi
nMan = 0,1(mol )
Ta c: = 0,1.h.2 + ( 0,1 01h ) .2 =
0, 29 h 0, 45= 45%
n Ag = 0, 29(mol )
ng
Cu 32: Chn p n D
CO 2 : 0,12
a
Khi cho 3 + H + s c CO 2 bay ln ngay v sinh ra theo ng t l

kh
HCO3 : 0,06
2 ion.
CO3 : a a
=2 a = 0,08 CO3 : 0,04
Ta c: b X 0,06
b = 0,04

HCO3 : b 2a + b = HCO3
0, 2
Cu 33: Chn p n A
159
CO2 : 5a + 3b
C5 H 8 : a (mol )
Gi s: H 2O : 4a + 1,5b
BTNT
=
CH 2 CH CN : b(mol ) N : 0,5b
2
5a + 3b a 1
= 0,5833 =
9a + 5b b 3
Cu 34: Chn p n A
nH = 0,09(mol )
Ta c: 2 M phi tc dng vi nc
nHCl = 0,1(mol )
MCl : 0,1(mol ) AgCl : 0,1(mol )
n
BTNT

AgNO3
m = 23,63( gam)
MOH : 0,08(mol ) Ag 2O : 0,04(mol )
.v
Cu 35: Chn p n D
om
nCu = 0,05(mol )
BTNT . N
NO2 : 0,1(mol )
Ta c:
n AgNO3 = 0,1(mol ) CuO : 0,05(mol ) O2 : 0,025(mol )
BTNT .O
Phn ng va . .c

BTNT . N
nHNO
= n=
H+
0,1(mol ) H=
+
0,05( M ) PH
= 1,3
ok
3
Cu 36: Chn p n D
2(PX + PM ) + N X + N M =84
bo
P= + PM 28 =PX 8
Ta c: 2(PX + PM ) N X + N M =28 X
2P + 2= 2P 2 20 PX PM =
12 PM =
20
X
et
M
vi
BI TP TNG HP V ST S 8
ng

dung dch HCl 1M , ng thi gii phng 0,672 lt kh ( ktc ). Tnh m ?
a
A. 10,08 B. 8,96 C. 9,84 D. 10,64

kh
Cu 2: Ha tan hon ton 2,8 gam hn hp FeO , Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 cn va V

ml dung dch HCl 1M , thu c dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch NaOH d vo
dung dch X thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng
i thu c 3 gam cht rn. Tnh V ?
A. 87,5 B. 125 C. 62,5 D.175
Cu 3: Trn bt Al vi bt Fe 2 O 3 (t l mol 1 : 1) thu c m gam hn hp X.
Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp X trong iu kin khng c khng kh
sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp rn Y. Ha tan ht Y bng acid nitric long d
, thy gii phng 0,448 lt kh NO ( ktc sn phm kh duy nht ). m =?
A. 7,48 B. 11,22 C. 5,61 D. 3,74
160
Cu 4: Ha tan ht 7,68 gam hn hp FeO , Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 cn va 260 ml

dung dch HCl 1M. Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi dd NaOH d ri lc kt
ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam rn.tnh m?
A. 20 B. 8 C. 16 D. 12
Cu 5: X l hn hp gm Fe v 2 oxit ca st. Ha tan ht 15,12 gam X trong
dung dch HCl d, sau phn ng thu c 16,51 gam mui Fe (II) v m gam mui
Fe (III ). Mt khc, khi cho 15,12 gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch axit
nitric long d th gii phng 1,568 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht - ktc).
Thnh phn % v khi lng ca Fe trong X l ?
A.11,11% B. 29,63% C. 14,81% D. 33,33%
Cu 6: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm Cu v 2 oxit st cn va 500ml
n
dung dch HCl 1,2M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 38,74 gam hn hp
.v
hai mui khan . m nhn gi tr ?
om
A. 22,24 B. 20,72 C. 23,36 D. 27,04
Cu 7: Ha tan ht a gam hn hp 2 oxit st bng dung dch HCl d sau phn ng
thu c dung dch cha 9,75 gam FeCl 3 v 8,89 gam FeCl 2 . a nhn gi tr no ?
A. 10,08 B. 10,16 .c
C. 9,68 D. 9,84
Cu 8: Ha tan ht 4 gam hn hp A gm Fe v 1 oxit st trong dung dch acid
ok
HCl d thu c dung dch X. Sc kh Cl 2 cho n d vo X thu c dung dch
Y cha 9,75 gam mui tan. Nu cho 4 gam A tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long
d th thu c V lt NO ( sn phm kh duy nht - ktc)/ V= ?
bo
A. 0,896 B. 0,747 C. 1,120 D. 0,672

Cu 9: Ha tan ht a gam hn hp X gm Fe v mt oxit st trong b gam dung
et
dch H 2 SO 4 9,8% ( lng va ), sau phn ng thu c dung dch cha 51,76
gam hn hp hai mui khan. Mt khc nu ha tan ht a gam X bng dung dch
vi
H 2 SO 4 c nng th thu c duy nht 58 gam mui Fe (III). Xc nh b?

ng
A. 370 B. 220 C. 500 D. 420

Cu 10 : Ha tan ht m gam hn hp A gm Cu v 1 oxit st bng 320 ml dung
dch HCl 1M ( va ). Dung dch thu c sau phn ng ch cha hai mui l
a
FeCl 2 ( c khi lng 15,24 gam ) v CuCl 2 . Xc nh cng thc ca oxit st v

kh
gi tr m ?
A. Fe 3 O 4 v 14,40 B. Fe 2 O 3 v 11,84
C. Fe 3 O 4 v 11,84 D. Fe 2 O 3 v 14,40
Cu 11: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Y( gm Cu v 2 oxit ca st ) bng 260 ml
dung dch HCl 1M - lng va , thu c dung dch Z cha 2 mui vi tng
khi lng l 16,67 gam. Xc nh m ?
A. 11,60 B. 9,26 C. 11,34 D. 9,52
Cu 12: Y l mt hn hp gm st v 2 oxit ca n. Chia Y lm hai phn bng
nhau :
161
Phn 1: em ha tan ht trong dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Z cha a
gam FeCl 2 v 13 gam FeCl 3
Phn 2: Cho tc dng ht vi 875 ml dung dch HNO 3 0,8M ( va ) thu c
1,568 lt kh NO ( ktc - sn phm kh duy nht ). Tnh a. ?
A. 10,16 B. 16,51 C. 11,43 D.15,24
Cu 13: Ha tan hon ton 13,92 gam hn hp X gm MgO, FeO v Fe 2 O 3 phi
dng va ht 520 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt khc , khi ly 0,27 mol hn hp X
t nng trong ng s khng c khng kh ri thi mt lung H 2 d i qua phn
ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m gam cht rn v 4,86 gam nc. Xc nh m?
A.16,56 B. 20,88 C. 25,06 D.16,02
Cu 14: Hn hp A gm CuSO 4 , FeSO 4 v Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , trong % khi lng ca
n
S l 22%. Ly 50 gam hn hp A ho tan vo trong nc. Thm dung dch NaOH
.v
d, ly kt ta thu c em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i.
Lng oxit sinh ra em kh hon ton bng CO th lng Fe v Cu thu c bng:
om
Cu 15 : A l hn hp cc mui Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , Fe(NO 3 ) 2 v Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . Trong N
chim 16,03% v khi lng. Cho dung dch KOH d vo dung dch cha 65,5
.c
gam mui A. Lc kt ta thu c em nung trong khng kh n khi lng
ok
khng i thu c bao nhiu gam oxit ?
A. 27 B. 34 C. 25 D. 31
Cu 16: Ha tan ht mt hn hp X gm 0,02 mol Fe : 0,04 mol Fe 3 O 4 v 0,03
bo
mol CuO bng dung dch HCl d.Cho t t dung dch NH 3 n d vo dung dch
sau phn ng, lc kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
et
c a gam cht rn. a nhn gi tr?

A.12,8 B.11,2 C.10,4 D.13,6
vi
Cu 17.Ha tan hn hp gm st v 1 oxit ca st cn va 0,1 mol H 2 SO 4 c ;

thot ra 0,224 lt SO 2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu
ng
gam mui khan ?

A. 8 B. 12 C. 16 D. 20
a
Cu 18: Cho m gam Fe tan va trong dung dch hn hp HCl v FeCl 3 thu
kh
c dung dch X ch cha mt mui duy nht v 5,6 lt H 2 ( ktc ). C cn dung

dch X thu c 85,09 gam mui khan. m nhn gi tr no ?
A. 14 B. 20,16 C. 21,84 D. 23,52
Cu 19: Cho dung dch acid nitric long vo mt cc thy tinh c ng 5,6 gam
Fe v 9,6 gam Cu. Khuy u phn ng xy ra hon ton ; c 3,136 lt NO thot
ra ( ktc ) v cn li m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m bng :
A. 2,56 B. 1,92 C. 4,48 D. 5,76
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 5,4 gam mt oxit st vo dung dch HNO 3 d thu c
1,456 lt hn hp NO v NO 2 ( ktc - ngoi ra khng cn sn phm kh no khc
162
). Sau phn ng khi lng dung dch tng ln 2,49 gam so vi ban u. Cng thc
ca oxit st v s mol HNO 3 phn ng l :
A. FeO v 0,74 mol B. Fe 3 O 4 v 0,29 mol
C. FeO v 0,29 mol D. Fe 3 O 4 v 0,75 mol
Cu 21: Ha tan 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Fe x O y bng HCl thu c 1,12 lt H 2
(ktc). Cng lng hn hp ny nu ha tan ht bng dung dch HNO 3 c nng
thu c 5,6 lt NO 2 ( ktc ). Xc nh Fe x O y ?
A. FeO B. Fe 2 O 3 C. Fe 3 O 4 D. Khng xc nh c
Cu 22: Thi hn hp kh CO v H 2 i qua a gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe 3 O 4 c t
l mol 1:2, sau phn ng thu c b gam cht rn A. Ha tan hon ton b gam A
bng dung dch HNO 3 long d , thu c dung dch X (khng cha ion Fe2+ ). C
n
cn dung dch X thu c 41 gam mui khan. a gam nhn gi tr no?
.v
A. 9,8 B.10,6 C.12,8 D.13,6
Cu 23: Nung 23,2 gam hn hp X ( FeCO 3 v Fe x O y ) ti phn ng hon ton
om
thu c kh A v 22,4 gam Fe 2 O 3 duy nht. Cho kh A hp th hon ton vo
dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 7,88 gam kt ta. Mt khc , ha tan ht 23,2
gam X cn va V ml dung dch HCl 2M. CT Fe x O y v gi tr ca V l :
.c
A. FeO v 200 B. Fe 3 O 4 v 250 C. FeO v 250 D. Fe 3 O 4 v 360
Cu 24: Ha tan hon ton mt hn hp gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 (trong t l
ok
khi lng ca FeO v Fe 2 O 3 bng 9:20) bng dung dch HCl, thu c 16,25 gam
FeCl 3 . Khi lng mui FeCl 2 thu c sau phn ng bng:
bo

Cu 25: Cho ln lt 23,2 gam Fe 3 O 4 v 8,4 gam Fe vo dung dch HCl 1M. Th
tch dung dch HCl ti thiu ha tan cc cht rn trn l:
et
A. 0,9 lt B. 1,1 lt C. 0,8 lt D.1,5 lt

Cu 26: Cho lung kh CO i qua mt lng qung hematit ( cha Fe 2 O 3 ) th thu
vi
c 300,8 gam hn hp cc cht rn X v thot ra hn hp kh Y. Cho hp th

ton b kh Y bng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng bnh NaOH tng thm
ng
52,8 gam. em cht rn X ha tan trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c 387,2 gam
mui. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Fe 2 O 3 trong qung l :
a
A. 80% B. 60% C. 50% D. 40%

Cu 27: Cho 0,24 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Fe 3 O 4 vo dung dch HNO 3 long , kt thc
kh
phn ng thu c dung dch X v 3,36 gam kim loi d. Khi lng mui c
trong dung dch X l :
Cu 28: em nhhit phn hon ton a mol Fe(NO 3 ) 2 thu c hn hp kh X c t
khi so vi H 2 bng T 1 . Nhit phn hon ton a mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 thu c hn hp
kh Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng T 2 . Biu thc no di y l ng :
A. T 1 = 0,972T 2 B. T 1 = T 2 C. T 2 = 0,972T 1 D. T 2 = 1,08T 1
Cu 29: Hn hp A gm st v 2 oxit ca n. Cho m gam A tc dng vi dung
dch H 2 SO 4 c nng d n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y v thot ra
163
2,24 lt SO 2 ( ktc ). Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z

ti khi lng khng i th thy khi lng gim 7,02 gam. Gi tr ca m gam l :
A.11,2 B.19,2 C.14,4 D.16,0
Cu 30: Ha tan hon ton a gam hn hp X gm Fe , FeS , FeS 2 v S vo dung
dch HNO 3 long d , gii phng 8,064 lt NO ( l sn phm kh duy nht tkc )
v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d vo dung dch Y thu c kt ta Z.
Ha tan ht lng kt ta Z bng dung dch HCl d , sau phn ng cn li 30,29
gam cht rn khng tan . Gi tr ca a gam l :
A. 7,92 B. 9,76 C. 8,64 D. 9,52
Cu 31: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp gm x mol FeO , x mol Fe 2 O 3 v y mol Fe 3 O 4
bng dung dch HNO 3 c nng thu c 6,72 lt NO 2 ( ktc ). Gi tr ca m gam l:
n
A. 46,4 B. 48,0 C. 35,7 D. 69.6
.v
P N CHI TIT
om
Cu 1: Chn p n A
n HCl = 0,3(mol)
Ta c: d thy H trong HCl di chuyn vo H 2 O v H 2 .
n H2 = 0,03(mol) .c
0,3 0,03.2
Do : =BTNT.H
n H2 O = 0,12(mol)
ok
2
O : 0,12(mol)

BTNT.O
12 gam X
bo
Fe :10,08(gam)
Cu 2: Chn p n A
Ta c :
et
3 Fe : 0,0375

BTNT.Fe
n=
trong X
n=
trong Y
2.= 0,0375
BTKL
2,8
vi
Fe Fe
160 O : 0,04375
=
BTNT.O
n H2 O 0,04375 =
BTNT.H
n HCl 0,0875
= V 87,5(ml)
ng
Cu 3: Chn p n D
Do s oxi ha ca Fe cao nht nn xt c qu trnh ta c th xem NO ch do
a
Al sinh ra.
kh
Ta c:
Al : 0,02(mol)
=n NO 0,02 BTE

= n Al 0,02(mol) =
m 3,74(gam)
Fe2 O3 : 0,02(mol)
Cu 4: Chn p n B
0,26

BTNT.H

= n H2 O = 0,13(mol)
2
O : 0,13(mol)

BTKL
7,68(gam) m = 8(gam)
Fe : 0,1(mol) Fe2 O3 : 0,05(mol)
BTNT.Fe
164
Cu 5: Chn p n C
Fe : a(mol) BTE + BTKL 56a =
+ 16b 15,12 =a 0,21(mol)
Ta quy i: 15,12
O : b(mol) 3a =2b + 0,07.3 b =
0,21(mol)
=
Ta c: n FeCl 2
0,13(mol)
BTNT.Fe
n FeCl
= 3
0,21 0,13
= 0,08(mol)

BTNT.Fe
n Fe2 O3 = 0,04(mol)

BTNT.O
=
n FeO 0,21 0,=
04.3 0, 09(mol)
0,04.56

BTNT.Fe

= 04.2 0, 04(mol) %Fe
n Fe 0,21 0, 09 0,= = = 14,81%
15,12
n
Cu 6 : Chn p n A
Ta c: m= m(Cu;Fe;O)
.v
=
n HCl 0,6
BTNT.H
n= =
n Otrong X
0,3
om
H2 O

BTKL
m
= Fe + Cu 38,74 0,6.35,5
= 17,44(gam)
=
BTKL
m 17,44 + 0,3.16
= 22,24(gam) .c
Cu 7: Chn p n D
ok
FeCl3 : 0,06(mol)
Ta c:
FeCl 2 : 0,07(mol)
bo
n Fe = 0,13(mol)

BTNT

= n Cl 0,06.3 + =
0,07.2 0,32(mol)
BTNT

= n HCl 0,32(mol)
et
n Otrong oxit =
0,16(mol)
vi

=
BTKL
a m(O,Fe)
= 0,16.16 +=
0,13.56 9,84(gam)
ng
Cu 8 : Chn p n B
Ta c:
Fe : 0, 06(mol)
a
BTNT + BTKL
X + Cl 2 FeCl3 = n FeCl3 0, 06(mol) 4 gam A
O : 0, 04(mol)
kh
0,1
BTE
=0,06.3 0,04.2 + 3n NO = n NO (mol) = V 0,747(lit)
3
Cu 9: Chn p n A
FeSO 4 : x 58
Ta c: 51,76 X + H 2 SO 4 (d / n) n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = = 0,145
Fe2 (SO 4 )3 : y 400
152x + 400y
= 51,76 = x 0,13(mol)

= x + 2y 0,145.2= y 0,08(mol)

BTNT.S
n H2SO4= x + 3y= 0,37 b= 370
165
Cu 10 : Chn p n C
n FeCl2 = 0,12(mol)

Ta=
c: n HCl 0,32(mol)
BTNT.Clo
0,32 0,12.2
= n CuCl2 = 0,04(mol)
2
n = 0,16(mol)
trong oxit
BTNT
O Fe3O 4
n Fe = 0,12(mol)
=
BTKL
m = m(Cu,Fe,O) 11,84(gam)
Cu 11: Chn p n D
BTKL
m = m ( Cu,Fe,O )
n
BTKL
Ta c:=n HCl 0,26(mol) m= 16,67 0,26.35,5
= 7,44(gam)
.v
Cu + Fe
BTNT.H
n Otrong
= oxit
=n H2 O 0,13(mol)

om
m= 7,44 + 0,13.16= 9,52(gam)
Cu 12: Chn p n B
n HNO3 = 0,7(mol) BTNT.N .c 0,7 0,07
Vi phn 2 ta c: = n Fe( NO3 ) = 0,21(mol)
n NO = 0,07(mol) 3 3
ok
n = 0,08(mol) BTNT.Fe
n FeCl
= 0,21 0,08
= 0,13(mol)
Vi phn 1 ta c: FeCl3 2
= a 0,13.127
= 16,51(gam)
bo
Cu 13: Chn p n A
MgO : a(mol)
et

Ta c: 13,92 FeO : b(mol) n H+ = 0,52(mol)
Fe O : c(mol)
vi
2 3

BTNT
n Otrong Ox=
it
a + b + 3c
= 0,26
ng
BTKL
40a + 72b + 160c = 13,92
a
MgO : ka
k(a + b + c) =0,27
Ta li c: 0,27 FeO : kb BTNT.O
kh
Fe O : kc k(b= + 3c) =
n H2 O 0,27
2 3
MgO : a = 0,08(mol)
k =1,5.BTKL
=FeO : b 0,06(mol) = m 1,5.13,92 =
0,27.16 16,56(gam)
Fe O : c = 0,04(mol)
2 3
Cu 14: Chn p n A
50.22
Ta c: m=
S = 11
BTNT.S
n=
S sSO2= 0,34375(mol)
100 4
166

BTKL
m Fe=
+ Cu m muoi m SO
= 2 50 96.0,34375
= 17(gam)
4
Cu 15: Chn p n C
10,5
Ta c:=m N 10,5 BTNT.N

= nN = n NO = 0,75(mol)
3
14
n NO
Bo ton in tch: n Otrong
= oxit
= 3
0,375(mol)
2
BTKL
m
= oxit
m muoi m NO +=
m O 65,5 0,75.62 + 0,375.16
= 25(gam)
3
Cu 16: Chn p n B
Ch : Cu2+ to phc trong dd amoniac d cht rn sau cng l Fe 2 O 3 .
n
.v
Ta c:

= n Fe 0, 02 + 0,=
04.3 0,14(mol)
BTNT.Fe
=
n Fe2 O3 0, 07(mol)=
a 11, 2(gam)
om
Cu 17. Chn p n B
n=
SO2
BTNT.S
0,01(mol) n SO
trong muoi
2= 0,1 0,01
= 0,09(mol)
4
.c
Ta c : 0,09.2
BTDT
n Fe3+ = 0,06(mol)
=
3
ok

=
BTKL
m 0,09.96 +=
0,06.56 12(gam)
Cu 18: Chn p n C
bo
X ch cha 1 mui duy nht FeCl 2 .

85,09
n= = 0,67(mol)
et
FeCl 2 m Fe : a(mol)
Ta c: 127
n H = 0,25(mol) FeCl3 : b
vi
2

BTNT.Fe
a + b = 0,67
ng
BTE = a 0,39(mol)
= m 21,84(gam)

= 2a 0,25.2 + b
Cu 19: Chn p n A
a
Ch : C kim loi d nn mui st lun l mui Fe2+.

kh
n = 0,1
Ta c:= n e 0,42 Fe
n NO 0,14 =
BTE
=
0,42 0,1.2 + 0,11.2
n Cu = 0,15
n du
Cu = 0,15 0,11= 0,04 m= 0,04.64= 2,56(gam)
Cu 20: Chn p n B
NO : a(mol)
Ta c:
BTKL
m NO +=
NO2 5,4 2,49
= 2,91(gam) 0,065
NO2 : b(mol)
167
=a + b 0,065
= a 0,005(mol)

30a +=46b 2,91 =
b 0,06(mol)
Fe : x
=
BTKL
56x + 16y =
5,4 x 0,075(mol)
Chia tr: 5,4 BTE
O : y = 3x 2y + 0,005.3 + 0,06 y = 0,075(mol)
=
BTNT.N
n trong
N
HNO3
(NO,NO2 ,Fe(NO3 )3 ) 0,29(mol)
=
Cu 21: Chn p n A
56a
= + 16b =
BTKL
Fe : a 10 a 0,15(mol)
Chia tr: 10 BTE
O : b = 3a 2b + 0,25 b = 0,1(mol)
n
x 0,15 0,05 1
Ta c: X + HCl
BTE

= n Fe =
n H2 0,05
= =
.v
y b 1
Cu 22: Chn p n D
om
CuO : x(mol) BTNT (Cu + Fe) Cu(NO3 )2 : x
Ta c: a
Fe3O 4 : 2x(mol) Fe(NO3 )3 : 6x
.c

BTKL
188x + 64.242
= 41 =
x 0,025(mol)
ok

=BTKL
a 80.0,025 + =
232.0,05 13,6(gam)
Cu 23: Chn p n D
bo
Cho kh A (CO 2 ) hp th vo Ba(OH) 2 :

BTNT.C

= n CO2 =
n FeCO3 =
n BaCO3 0,04(mol)
et
Ta=
c: n Fe2 O3 0,14(mol) =
BTNT Fe
n Fe 0,28(mol)
vi
trong Fe O

BTNT Fe
n Fe =
x y
0,28 =
0,04 0,24(mol)

BTKL
m= 23,2 0,04.116
= 18,56(gam)
ng
Fex O y
18,56 0,24.56
n=
trong oxit
O = 0,32(mol)
a
16
x 0,24 3
kh
Vi Fe x O y ta c : = = Fe3O 4 n FeO.Fe2 O3 =
0,08(mol)
y 0,32 4
Fe : 0,04 + 0,08 =
2+
0,12(mol)
X + HCl 3+
Fe : 0,08.2 = 0,16(mol)

BTDT
=
n Cl =
n HCl 0,12.2 + 0,16.3
= 0,72(mol)
Cu 24: Chn p n B
Ch : Fe3O 4 = FeO.Fe2 O3
168
9
m FeO 9 n
Ta c: = FeO = 72 = 1
m Fe2 O3 20 n Fe2 O3 20
160
FeCl 2 : a(mol)
X + HCl
BTNT.Fe

FeCl3 : 2a(mol)
16,25
2a = = 0,1 a = 0,05 m FeCl2 = 0,05.127 = 6,35(gam)
162,5
Cu 25: Chn p n A
n Fe O = 0,1(mol) BTNT.(Fe + O) Fe : 0,45(mol)
Ta c: 3 4 + HCl
n
= n Fe 0,15(mol) > n Fe2 O3 O : 0,4(mol)
.v
FeCl 2 : 0,45(mol)
BTNT.Clo
n HCl = 0,9(mol)
om
Cu 26: Chn p n D
Ta d thy khi lng bnh NaOH tng l khi lng CO 2 .
52,8

BTNT.O
=
m tan g =
m CO2 52,8(gam) =
n Obi khu =
n CO2 = 1,2(mol)
.c 44

BTKL
=
m T 300,8 + 1,2.16
= 320(gam)
ok
387,2
X + HNO3
BTNT.Fe

= =
n Fe n Fe(NO 3 )3
= 1,6(mol)
242
bo

BTNT.Fe
n Fe2 O3 = 0,8(mol)
et
0,8.160
%Fe2 O3 = = 40%
320
vi
Cu 27: Chn p n A
Ch : Kim loi c d nn mui ch l mui Fe2+.
ng
Fe : 0,24(mol) n Fe = 0,33(mol)
Ta c:
BTNT.Fe
du
Fe3O 4 : 0,03(mol) n Fe = 0,06(mol)
a

BTNT.Fe
n Fe( NO= 0,33 0,06
= 0,27(mol) =
kh
3)
m 48,6(gam)
2
Cu 28: Chn p n C
Nhit phn a mol Fe(NO 3 ) 2 :
Fe2 O3 : 0,5a(mol)
46.2a + 32.0,25a 400
Fe ( NO3 )2 NO2 : 2a(mol)
BTNT
= T1 =
O : 0,25a(mol) 2a + 0,25a 9
2
Nhit phn a mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 :
169
Fe2 O3 : 0,5a
46.3a + 32.0,75a
Fe ( NO3 )3
NO
BTNT
= 2 : 3a T1 = 43,2
O : 0,75a 3a + 0,75a
2
T2 =
0,972T1
Cu 29: Chn p n B
D thy Z l Fe(OH) 3 : 2Fe ( OH )3
0
t
Fe2 O3 + 3H 2 O
C 2 mol Fe(OH) 3 khi nung s gim 3.18 = 54 gam.
7,02
=m 7,02 n Fe( OH
= )3 = .2 0,26
BTNT.Fe
n trong
Fe= 0,26(mol)
A
n
54
Chia tr :
.v
Fe : 0,26 BTE
A 0,26.3
= 2a + 0,1.2
= a 0,29 =
m A 19,2(gam)
om
O : a
Cu 30: Chn p n B
Chia tr : .c
Fe : x
a
BTE
3x += =
0,13.6 0,36.3 x 0,1(mol)
ok
S : y = y n=
BTNT.S
BaSO 4 0,13
=
BTKL
a = m(Fe,S) 9,76(gam)
bo
Cu 31: Chn p n D
V FeO v Fe 2 O 3 c cng s mol v Fe 3 O 4 = FeO.Fe 2 O 3 do ta c th xem
et
FeO : a
m gm
=
BTE
a 0,3 =
m 0,3(72=
+ 160) 69,6(gam)
Fe2 O3 : a
vi
ng
BI TP TNG HP S 9 (NNG CAO)

a
Cu 1: Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm FeO,Fe 2 O 3 ,S,FeS 2 v CuS trong O chim

kh
16% khi lng hn hp X tc dng va vi 0,4 mol H 2 SO 4 c (un nng)

sinh ra 0,31 mol kh SO 2 v dung dch Y. Nhng thanh Mg d vo Y sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy tng 2,8 gam (Gi s 100%
kim loi sinh ra bm vo thanh Mg).t chy hon ton 10 gam X bng lng va
V lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm O 2 v O 3 t l mol 1:1.Gi tr ca V l?
A.1,4336 B.1,5232 C.1,4784 D.1,568
Cu 2: Trn KMnO 4 v KClO 3 vi mt lng bt MnO 2 trong bnh knh thu
c hn hp X. Ly 52,550 gam X em nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c
hn hp cht rn Y v V lt kh O 2 . Bit KClO 3 b nhit phn hon ton to 14,9
170
gam KCl chim 36,315% khi lng Y. Sau cho ton b Y tc dng hon ton
vi axit HCl c du ung nng, sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 51,275
gam mui khan. Hiu sut ca qu trnh nhit phn mui KMnO4 trong X l :
A. 62,5% B. 91,5% C. 75% D. 80%
Cu 3: Ha tan ht 14,6 gam hn hp gm Zn v ZnO c t l mol 1:1 trong 250
gam dung dch HNO 3 12,6% thu c dung dch X v 0,336 lit kh Y (ktc). Cho
t t 740 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch X thu c 5,94 gam kt ta.
Nng phn trm ca mui trong X l :
A.14,32 B.14,62 C.13,42 D.16,42
Cu 4:Cho 5,528 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu (n Fe : n Cu = 18,6) tc dng vi
n
dung dch cha 0,352 mol HNO 3 thu c dung dch Y v kh NO (sn phm kh
.v
duy nht). Tin hnh in phn dung dch Y vi in cc tr, cng dng in
I = 3,6345 ampe trong thi gian t giy thy khi lng catt tng 0,88 gam (gi
om
thit kim loi sinh ra bm ht vo catt).Gi tr ca t l:
A. 1252. B. 797. C. 2337. D. 2602.
.c
Cu 5.(Trch khi A 2014 ) t chy 4,16 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong kh
O 2 , thu c 5,92 gam hn hp X ch gm cc oxit. Ha tan hon ton X trong
ok
dung dch HCl va , thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y, thu
c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c 6 gam
bo
cht rn. Mt khc cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d, thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 32,65 B. 31,57 C. 32,11 D. 10,80.

Cu 6. (Trch khi A 2014 ) Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm
vi
Al v m gam hai oxit st trong kh tr, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X vo dung

dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch Y, cht khng tan Z v 0,672 lt kh H 2 ((ktc).
ng
Sc kh CO 2 d vo Y, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Cho Z tan ht vo dung dch

H 2 SO 4 , thu c dung dch cha 15,6 gam mui sunfat v 2,464 lt kh SO 2 (
a
ktc, l sn phn kh duy nht ca H 2 SO 4 ). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.

kh
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,29. B. 6,48 C. 6,96 D. 5,04.
Cu 7. (Trch khi A 2014 ) Hn hp X gm Al, Fe 3 O 4 v CuO, trong
oxi chim 25% khi lng hn hp. Cho 1,344 lt kh CO (ktc) i qua m gam X
nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn Y v hn hp kh Z c t khi so
vi H 2 bng 18. Ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c
dung dch cha 3,08m gam mui v 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy
nht). Gi tr m gn gi tr no nht sau y ?
A. 9,5 B. 8,5 C. 8,0 D. 9,0
171
Cu 8: Hn hp A gm mt axit no, h, n chc v hai axit khng no, h, n

chc (gc hirocacbon cha mt lin kt i), k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Cho A tc dng hon ton vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2,0 M. trung ha va
ht lng NaOH d cn thm vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,0 M c dung dch D.
C cn cn thn D thu c 22,89 gam cht rn khan. Mt khc t chy hon ton
A ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch
NaOH c, khi lng bnh tng thm 26,72 gam. Phn trm khi lng ca axit
khng no c khi lng phn t nh hn trong hn hp A l :
A. 35,52% B. 40,82% C. 44,24% D. 22,78%
Cu 9: Ha tan ht 9,1 gam hn hp X gm Al v Mg, Zn vo 500 ml dung dch
n
HNO 3 4M thu c 0,448 lt N 2 (ktc) v dung dch Y. Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng
.v
nhau.
Phn 1: C cn thu c m gam cht rn khan.
om
Phn : Tc dng va vi 530ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 2,9 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,76 B. 38,40 C. 33,79 .c D. 32,48
Cu 10: Hn hp X khi lng 44,28 gam gm Cu 2 O, FeO v kim loi M trong
s mol ca M bng ca O2-. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch HNO 3 d thy c
ok
2,76 mol HNO 3 tham gia phn ng thu c 184,68 gam mui v 8,064 lt (kc)
kh NO duy nht. Tnh % khi lng ca Cu 2 O trong X:
bo
A. 38,06% B. 47,92% C. 32,82% D. 39,02%

Cu 11: Chia 0,6 mol hn hp gm mt axit n chc v mt ancol n chc
et
thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton, thu c 39,6 gam CO 2 .
Phn 2: un nng vi H 2 SO 4 c, thu c 10,2 gam este E (hiu sut 100%). t
vi
chy ht lng E, thu c 22,0 gam CO 2 v 9,0 gam H 2 O. Nu bit s mol axit
nh hn s mol ancol th cng thc ca axit l:
ng
A. C 3 H 7 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH.
C. C 2 H 5 COOH. D. HCOOH.
a
Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp gm Mg, Al, Zn, Cu tc dng ht vi dd HNO 3 thu

kh
c dd Y (khng c mui amoni) v 11,2 lit (ktc) hn hp Z gm N 2 , NO, N 2 O,

NO 2 (trong N 2 v NO 2 c phn trm th tch bng nhau) c t khi ca Z so vi
heli bng 8,9. tnh s mol ca HNO 3 phn ng.
A. 3,2 B. 3,6 C. 2,8 D. 2,6
A. 12,6%. B. 29,9%. C. 29,6%. D. 15,9%.
172
Cu 14:(Trch khi B - 2012) t chy hn hp gm 1,92 gam Mg v 4,48 gam

Fe vi hn hp kh X gm Clo v Oxi, sau phn ng ch thu c hn hp Y gm
cc oxit v mui clorua (khng cn kh d) ha tan Y bng mt lng va 120
ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung dch Z. Cho AgNO 3 d vo dung dch Z, thu
c 56,69 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca Clo trong hn hp X l:
A. 51,72%. B. 76,70%. C. 53,85%. D. 56,36%.
n
A. 12,064 gam B. 20,4352 gam
.v
C. 22,736 gam D. 17,728 gam
Cu 16: Cho mt lng bt CaCO 3 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl
om
32,85%. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X trong nng HCl cn li l
24,20%. Thm vo X mt lng bt MgCO 3 khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c dung dch Y trong nng HCl cn l 21,10%. Nng phn
.c
trm MgCl 2 trong dung dch Y l:
ok
A. 12,35%. B. 3,54%. C. 10,35%. D. 8,54%.
Cu 17: Ly 5,2 gam hn hp FeS 2 v Cu 2 S tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
HNO 3 th thu c dung dch ch cha 2 mui v 12,208 lt hn hp NO 2 v SO 2
bo
(ktc). Xc nh % v khi lng ca FeS 2 trong hn hp ban u

A. 71,53% hoc 81,39% B. 93,23% hoc 71,53
et
C. 69,23% hoc 81,39% D. 69,23% hoc 93,23%

Cu 18: Cho 33,35 gam hn hp A gm Fe 3 O 4 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v Cu tc dng vi
vi
dung dch cha 0,414 mol H 2 SO 4 long, sau phn ng thu c kh NO duy nht
v dung dch B cha 2 mui. C cn dung dch B th thu c bao nhiu gam mui
ng
khan?
A. 64,4 hoc 61,52 B. 65,976 hoc 61,52
a
C. 73,122 hoc 64,4 D. 65,976 hoc 75,922

kh
Cu 19: in phn 0,5 lt dung dch Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,045 M (d = 1,035 g/cm3) vi

in cc tr, cng dng in 9,65 A ti khi thu c dung dch c pH = 1,00
v d = 1,036 g/cm3 th dng in phn. Thi gian in phn l:
(cho rng th tch dung dch thay i t khi c kh thot ra catot).
A. 57450 giy B. 450 giy
C. 55450 giy D. 96500 giy.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm CuO, Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 tc dng ht vi 300 ml
dung dch H 2 SO 4 1M v HNO 3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
173
c dung dch Y v 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ti thiu

cn cho vo dung dch Y thu c lng kt ta ln nht l:
A. 800 ml. B. 400 ml. C. 600 ml. D. 900 ml.
Cu 21: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 v 0,25 mol
Cu ( NO3 )2 , sau mt thi gian thu c 19,44 gam kt ta v dung dch X cha 2
mui. Tch ly kt ta, thm tip 8,4 gam bt st vo dung dch X, sau khi cc
phn ng hon ton thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 22: Hp th hon ton V lt CO 2 vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 a M th thu c
n
m 1 gam kt ta. Cng hp th (V+3,36) lt CO 2 vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 th thu
c m 2 gam kt ta. Bit m 1 :m 2 = 3:2. Nu thm (V+V 1 ) lt CO 2 vo dung dch
.v
Ca(OH) 2 trn th thu c lng kt ta cc i. Bit m 1 bng 3/7 khi lng kt
om
ta cc i. Gi tr ca V 1 l:
A.0.672 B.1.493 C.2.016 D.1.008
Cu 23: Cho hn hp X gm Al v Zn (c tng s mol l x mol) tan hon ton
.c
trong dung dch cha y mol HNO 3 (x:y = 8:21) thu c hn hp cht kh (Dung
dch sau phn ng khng cha NH +4 ) v dung dch ch cha mui nitrat.S mol
ok
electron do lng kim loi trn nhng khi b ho tan l:
A. 0,75y B. 2,1x C. 0,833y D. y
bo
Cu 24: X;Y l 2 hp cht hu c ,mch h c hn nhau mt nguyn t

cacbon,thnh phn ch gm C,H,O. M X >M Y . t chy hon ton 0,34 mol hn
et
hp Q gm X v Y ri cho sn phm chy hp th ht vo mt dung dch cha 0,3

mol Ba(OH) 2 ;0,1 mol KOH sau hp th thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Khi cho 0,34
vi
mol hn hp Q vo mt dung dch cha 0,35 mol KOH n phn ng hon

ton,thu c dung dch khng cn baz. T khi ca X so vi Y nhn gi tr no
ng
sau y?
A.1,438 B.2,813 C.2,045 D.1,956
a
Cu 25: Ha tan 7,8 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong 1,0 lt dung dch HNO 3 1M thu
kh
c dung dch B v 1,792 lt hn hp hai kh N 2 ; N 2 O (ktc) c t khi so vi

H2 =18. Cho vo dung dch B mt lng dung dch NaOH 1M n khi lng kt
ta khng thay i na th cn 1,03 lt. Khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch
B l:
A. 50,24g B. 52,44g C. 58,2g D. 57,4g
Cu 26:Ha tan hn hp bt gm m gam Cu v 2,32 gam Fe 3 O 4 vo dung dch
H 2 SO 4 (long, rt d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc ch thu c dung dch X.
Dung dch X lm mt mu va 50 ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,1M. Gi tr ca m
l:
174
A.0,62. B.0,32. C.1,6. D.0,48.
P N V GII CHI TIT

Cu 1: Chn p n C
n H2SO4 = 1, 7(mol)

BTNT.H
n H2O = 1, 6(mol)
H2
n = 0,1(mol)
Ta c:
Fe3O 4 : 0, 4(mol)

BTNT.O
n= Fe3O 4 0, 4 112, 2 Cu : a(mol)
Zn : b(mol)

n
Fe ( OH )= : x x + y 1, 2 = x 0,8(mol)
.v
Ta li c: 114,8 2

Fe ( OH )3 : y 90x + 107y= 114,8 = y 0, 4(mol)
om
a = 0,1(mol)

BTDT
2a + 2b + 0,8.2 + 0,= 4.3 1, 7.2 a= + b 0,3
b = 0, 2(mol)
Fe3+ :1, 2
2+
.c
Cu : 0,1
ok
Fe3O 4 : 0, 4 2+
Zn : 0, 2 BTDT
112, 2 Cu : 0,1 +
HCl, NaNO3
=
t n= NH +4
0,02
Zn : 0, 2 Na : 0, 26
bo
NH + : t
4
Cl : 4, 48

et

BTNT.H
=
n H2O 2, 08
BTNT.O
n=
Trong C
O 0,3
BTNT.N
n=
Trong C
N 0, 24
vi
1, 2.162,5
%FeCl3 = 12,63%
112, 2 + 1200.1, 2 0,12.2 0,3.16 0, 24.14
ng
Cu 2: Chn p n D
a
14,9
n KCl= 0,2(mol) n KClO3= 0,2(mol) m Y= = 41,03(mol)
0,36315
kh
52,550 41,03
=

BTKL
n O2 = 0,36(mol)
32
V cho X hoc Y tc dng vi HCl th khi lng mui nh nhau nn:
KMnO 4 : a(mol)
KCl : a + 0,2
=
Ta c ngay: m X 52,55 KClO3 : 0,2(mol)
HCl

MnO : b(mol) MnCl 2 : a + b
2
175
74,5(a + 0,2) + 126(a + b) =

51,275

BTKL

158a + 87b= 52,55 24,5
a = 0,15(mol) 0
2KMnO 4
t
K 2 MnO 4 + MnO2 + O2
b = 0, 05(mol)
0,36 0,3
=
H% = 80%
0, 075
Cu 3: Chn p n B
Ta c:
Zn : 0,1(mol) n e = 0,2(mol)
14,6 =n Y 0,015(mol) n NH= a(mol)
n
4 NO3
ZnO : 0,1(mol)
.v
C NH 4 NO 3 v nu Y l N 2 n=Max
e 0,15 < 0,2
om
KNO3 : 0,74 0,14.2 = 0,46(mol)
0,74KOH + X
BTNT.K

K 2 ZnO2 : 0,2 0,06 =
0,14(mol)
n=
HNO3 0,5
BTNT.N
n Trong
N = 0,5 0,46
Y v NH3
= 0,04(mol)
.c
NH 4 NO3 : 0,01(mol)
(
% Zn ( NO3 )2 + NH 4 NO3 )
ok
N 2 O : 0,015(mol)
0,2.189 + 0,01.80
= 14,62%
bo
250 + 14,6 0,015.44

Cu 4: Chn p n D
et
Cu : a(mol)
Ta c: 5,528(gam)
BTKL
64a + 56.18,6a = 5,528
Fe :18,6a(mol)
vi
Cu : 0,005(mol)
=
a 0,005(mol)
ng
Fe : 0,093(mol)
Cu : 0, 005(mol)
= n emax 0, 289 (mol); 4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
a
Fe : 0, 093(mol)
kh
NO3 : 0, 264
2+
Cu : 0,005 = a + b 0,093
= a 0,025(mol)
n NO = 0,088 Y 2 +
Fe : a =
2a + 3b 0, 254
= b 0,068(mol)
Fe3+ : b

m Cu = 0,32
m catot = 0,88 n e = 0,068 + 0,005.2 + 0,01.2= 0,098
m Fe = 0,56
It
n e = 0,098 = t = 2602
F
176
Cu 5.(Trch khi A 2014 ) Chn p n A

Kim loa i : 4,16

Ta c X 5,92 4,16
nO = = 0,11 n Cl = 0,22
16
Nung Z cho s gam oxit ln hn
6 5,92 AgCl : 0,22
Ta c ngay: n O= = 0,005 n Fe2+ = 0,01 m= 32,65
16 Ag : 0,01
n
Cu 6. (Trch khi A 2014 )
.v
0, 03.2
X tc dng NaOH cho H 2 Al d .
=
BTE
n du
Al = 0, 02
3
om
BTNT.Al 7,8 trong Fex Oy
ban a u
n Al = n= = 0,1 n Al O= 0,04 n O = 0,12

78 2 3
n SO2 = 0,11 n SO2 = 0,11 m Fe = 15,6 0,11.96 = 5,04

.c
4
m oxit sat =
5,04 + 0,12.16 =
6,96(gam)
ok
Cu 7. (Trch khi A 2014 ) Chn p n A
Kim loa i : 0,75m
bo
CO : 0,03
O
Ta c ngay: 0,06 CO Y 0,25m
CO2 : 0,03 O : 0,03
16
et
0,25m
BTE
=
3,08m 0,75m + 0,03 .2.62 + 0,04.3.62
= m 9,477(gam)
vi
16
Cu 8: Chn p n D
ng
RCOONa : 0, 2
Ta c ngay D : 22,89 m RCOONa
= 17,04 =
R 18, 2
NaCl : 0,1
a
+C
kh
m A = 17,04 + 0,1.1 0, 2.23= 12,64 m Htrong A = 12,64 0, 2.16.2= 6, 24
CO 2 : a 12a + 2b = 6, 24
A + O 2 26,72
H 2 O : b 44a + 18b =26,72
a = 0, 46 n axit = 0, 46 0,36 = 0,1

khng.no
no
b = 0,36 n axit = 0, 2 0,1 = 0,1
HCOOH:0,1
TH1: 12,64 R =
35,4
RCOOH:0,1
177
=
CH CH COOH : 0,04
C% =
2
22,78
CH 2 =CH CH 2 COOH : 0,06
CH 3COOH : 0,1
C p n D ri nn khng cn lm TH2 12,64
RCOOH : 0,1
Cu 9: Chn p n C
NaNO3 : a(mol)
dung dch sau phan ng co
=
Ta c: n Na 1,06(mol) NaAlO2 : b(mol)
Na ZnO : c(mol)
2 2
n

BTNT . Na
a + b + 2c = 1,06
.v

CDLBT

BTNTKL
27b + 65c + 0,05.24 = 9,1: 2
BTNT . N
om
3b + 2c + =0,05.2 0,01.10 + 8(1 0,01.2 a )
a = 0,94(mol) Kim loai : 4,55( gam)

.c
= b 0,1(mol) = m 33,79( gam) NO3 : 0,01.10 += 0,04.8 0,42(mol)
c = 0,01(mol) NH NO : 0,04(mol)

ok
4 3
Ch : on (10,01.1 a ) chnh l s mol NH 3 thot ra v = NH 4 NO 3

Cu 10: Chn p n D
bo
u tin dng bo ton khi lng v bo ton nguyn t hidro c ngay

BTKL
44,28 + 2,76.63
= 184,68 + 0,36.30 + m H2 O
= n H2 O 1,26(mol)
et
2,76 1,26.2

=
BTNT.hidro
n NH+ = 0,06(mol)
vi
4
4
Tip tc bo ton nguyn t Nito c ngay:
ng
2,76 = n NO + 0,36 + 0,06 n NO = 2,34(mol)

3 3
Li bo ton nguyn t Oxi c ngay:

a
n OX + 2,76.3 = 2,34.3 + 0,36 + 1,26 n M = n OX = 0,36(mol)

kh
Fe : a(mol)

Cu : b(mol)
Tip tc bo ton electron : 44,28
O : 0,36(mol)
M : 0,36(mol)
a = 0,24(mol)
3a + 2b + 0,36n
= 0,36.2 + 0,36.3 + 0,06.8
= 2,28

BTE
b= 0,24(mol)
56a + 64b + 0,36M =38,52 M Al(mol)

178
Cu 11: Chn p n D
n CO = 0,5(mol)
Khi t chy E: 2
n H2 O = 0,5(mol)
C H O nCO2
E l no n chc n 2n 2 n=5
10,2 0,5
0,9
t chy phn 1: n CO2 = 0,9 C = = 3
0,3
n
Ta th p n ngay :TH 1 nu 1 cht c 2 cacbon v 1 cht c 3 cacbon (loi)
.v
TH 2 : Mt cht c 1 cc bon v 1 cht c 4 cc bon
om
HCOOH : a = a + b 0,3= b 0,2(mol)
0,3 (tha mn )
C 4 H10 O : b a =
+ 4b 0,9 =
a 0,1(mol)
Cu 12: Chn p n A .c
N N O N O : a(mol)
n N2 =n NO2 2 2 0,5Z 2
ok
NO2 NO NO : b(mol)
= a + b 0,5= a 0,2(mol)

bo
44a +=30b 17,8 =

b 0,3(mol)

BTNT Nito
N= 8a + 3b + 2a + b= 3,2(mol)
et
Cu 13: Chn p n B
vi
4.16
Ta c ngay X : R ( COOH )2 < 0,7 R > 1,4
R + 90
ng
n O = 0,4(mol)
2
= n CO2 0,35(mol) =
BTNT oxi
n Otrong X,Y,Z 0,35(mol)
a

n H2 O = 0,45(mol)
kh

=BTKL
m(C,H,O) 10,7(gam)
m X,Y,Z =
axit : a(mol) a + b =0,2 a = 0,05(mol)
BTNT.oxi
ancol : b(mol) 4a + b = 0,35 b = 0,15(mol)
10,7 0,05.104
=
ROH = R 19,67
0,15
179
CH 3OH : 0,1(mol) 0,1.32

= % = .100% 29,9%
C 2 H 5OH : 0,05(mol) 10,7
Cu 14: (Trch khi B - 2012) Chn p n C
n Mg = 0,08(mol) Mg BTNT
Mg ( NO3 )2
Ta c:
n Fe = 0,08(mol) Fe Fe ( NO3 )3
BTNT
AgCl : a(mol)
NO3 =
Ag =
n
0, 4 56,69
Ag : b(mol)
.v
=a + b 0, 4= a 0,38(mol )

om
143,5a +=
108b 56,69 =b 0,02(mol )
=n H2 O 0,12
BTNT.O
n= trong X
0, 06(mol)

O2

=
BTNT
n HCl 0, 24(mol) .c 0,38 0, 24
n Cl = 0,38 n Cl = =
trong X
0, 07(mol)
2
2
ok
%Oxi = 53,85%
Cu 15: Chn p n A
bo
HCOOH R1COOH
X
CH 3COOH R1 = 8 R1COOH : 0,32(mol)

et
Ta c ngay:
Y
C H OH
R 2 = 23,4
vi
2 5
m
= 0,2.0,8(8 + 44 + 23,4)
= 12,064(gam)
ng
este
Cu 16: Chn p n B
Gi s khi lng dung dch HCl l 100 gam nHCl =
a
0,9
kh
CaCO3 : a

Ta c: 32,85 73a
0, 242 = 100 + 100a 44a
MgCO3 : b

a 0,1(mol )=
; 32,85 7,3 73b b 0,04(mol )
0, 211 = 100 + 5,6 + 84b 44b

0,04(24 + 71)
%MgCl2 = 3,54%
100 + 10 + 0,04.84 0,1.44 0,04.44
180
Cu 17: Chn p n D
FeS 2 : a (mol )
Gi s ta c
Cu2 S : b(mol )
Fe ( NO3 )3 BTNT .S
TH 1 : Ta c hai mui l
= nNO 0,545 2a b
Cu ( NO3 ) 2
2
=
BTKL
120a + 160b =
5, 2 a 0.0404
BTE % FeS 2 =
93, 23 %
11=a + 8b 0,545 2a b b = 0,0022
TH 2 : Ta c hai mui l :
n
3a + 4b
Fe2 ( SO4 )3 : 0,5a nS +6 =
.v
2

CuSO : 2b 3a + 4b
=nS +4 2a + b = nSO2
om
4 BTNT . S
2

BTKL
120a + 160b = 5, 2

BTE 3a + 4b 3a + 4b
.c
3a + 4b + 6 + 4 2a + b
2 2
ok
3a + 4b
= 0,545 2a + b
2
bo
a = 0,03(mol )
% FeS 2 =
69, 23 %
b = 0,01(mol )
et
Cu 18: Chn p n A
vi
TH 1 :2 Mui l CuSO 4 v FeSO 4

Fe3O4 : a (mol )
ng
CuSO4 : c
Ta c: Fe ( NO3 )3 : b(mol )
BTNT .( Fe + Cu )

FeSO4 : 3a + b
a
Cu : c(mol )
kh

BTNT . S
3a + b + c =0, 414
BTKL
232a + 242b + 64c = 33,35
BTNT .O
8a 2b + 4c= 0, 414.3(*)
Ch (*):
BTNT.O
4a + 9b + 0,414.4
= 4c + 12a + 4b + 0,414 + 3b
a = 0,069(mol )

=
b 0,023(mol = ) m 64, 4( gam) TH 2 : 2 Mui l CuSO 4 v Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3
c = 0,184(mol )

181
Fe3O4 : a (mol ) CuSO4 : c

Trng hp 2: Fe ( NO3 )3 : b(mol )
BTNT .( Fe + Cu )
3a + b
Fe2 ( SO4 )3 : 2
Cu : c(mol )

BTNT . S
9a + 3b + 2c= 0,828 a = 0,021
BTKL
Ta c: 232a + 242b= + 64c 33,35=
b 0,055= m 61,52( gam)
BTNT .O
14a + 4c= 0, 414.3 c = 0, 237
Cu 19: Chn p n C
d= 1,035 m1= 517,5
n
Ta c ngay: ; nCu = 0,0225(mol )
d= 1,036 m2= V2 .1,036
.v
Catot Anot
om
2+ 2+
Cu + 2e Cu ; Cu + 2e Cu
H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2 H 2 O 4e 4H + + O2
Ch ! Lng H+ sinh ra ch l do p qu trnh Cu2+ thi cn khi Cu2+ ht l
.c
in phn nc H+ sinh ra bao nhiu b trung ha bi OH- by nhiu.
ok
Nn c ngay: PH =
1 nH + =
0,1V2 =
0,045

= V2 450ml
= m2 466, 2 =
m 51,3
bo
Khi lng gim chnh l: Cu + O 2 sinh ra (qu trnh in phn Cu2+) + H 2 O

b in phn.
et
0,045
Nn c ngay: =
m 51,3
= 64.0,0225 + 32. + H 2Odp
vi
4
H 2Odp =49,5 ne =5,545(mol )
ng
Cu 20: Chn p n A
n SO2 = 0,3(mol)
a
4
Ta c: n NO = 0,3(mol)
kh
n NO = 0,1(mol)
Do khi phn ng ha tan X xy ra dung dch c:
n SO2 = 0,3(mol)
4
BTNT.nito
n NO=

3
0,3 0,1
= 0,2(mol)
Na 2 SO 4 : 0,3(mol)
Khi cho NaOH vo:
BTNT.Na
n Na = 0,8(mol)
NaNO3 : 0,2(mol)
182
Cu 21: Chn p n C
n = 0,25(mol)
Cu2+

Ta c ngay : n Ag+ = 0,1(mol)

n NO3 = 0,6(mol)
n 2+ = a(mol)
Mg
dung dch sau tt c cc phn ng c n Fe2+ = b(mol)

n NO3 = 0,6(mol)
n
BTT c ngay : 2a + 2b =0,6
.v

BTKL(Mg, Cu, Ag, Fe)
m + 0,25.64 + 0,1.108 +=
8,4 19,44 + 9,36 + 24a + 56b
24a + 56b m = 6,4
om

BTKL(Mg, Cu, Ag)
m + 0,1.108 + 0,25.64
= 19,44 + 24a + 64b
24a + 64b m = 7,36
=a + b 0,3=

a 0,18(mol)

.c
24a + 56b m= 6,4 b= 0,12(mol)
ok
24a + 64b
= m 7,36= m 4,64(gam)

Cu 22: Chn p n B
bo
Lng 0,15 mol CO2 thm vo lm 2 nhim v:

Nhim v 1: a kt ta t m 1 ln cc i
et
Nhim v 2: a kt ta t cc i xung m 2
mmax m1 + mmax m2 m1 = 5( gam)
vi
T c ngay: 0,15
=
100 mmax = 11,667( gam)
ng
Cu 23: Chn p n B
Cho x = 8 mol v y = 21 mol ta c ngay
a
Al : a
a + b = 8 n e = n trong muo i
= 3a + 2b 16 < n e < 24
kh

Zn : b
NO3
Loi A ngay
BTNT nito ta s c n e < y do loi D ngay.
Al : a
Vi C. a=
+b 8
BTE
3a +=
2b 17,5
Zn : b
a = 1,5
N =21 17,5 =3,5
b = 6,5
Loi v khi ch thu c 1,75 mol kh N 2
183
Vy ch c B tha mn bi ton :
Al : a a = 0,8(mol)
a +=
b 8
BTE
3a + 2b
= 16,8
Zn : b b = 7,2(mol)
n N =21 16,8 =4,2(mol)
n = 4,2(mol) NO : 2,1(mol)
T suy ra hn hp kh s c N co the lay

n O = 2,1(mol) N 2 :1,05(mol)
Cu 24: Chn p n D
Ba 2+ : 0,3 0,7
n
Ta c: + CO 2 n 0, 2 n CO2 = + (0,35 0, 2) = 0,5(mol)
OH 2
.v
Y(1C) : a =
a + b 0,34
= a 0,18(mol)
C= 1, 47
om
X(2C) : b a + 2b b =
0,16(mol)
Y : HCOOH 90

KOH:0,35
d= = 1,956
X : HOOC COOH 46 .c
Cu 25: Chn p n C
ok
Ta c :
Al : x N 2 : 0,04
7,8 27x + 24y
= 7,8 n HNO
= n NH4=
bo
1 0,08 NO3 a
Mg : y N 2 O : 0,04
3
BTE
3x + 2y= 0,04.10 + 0,04.8 + 8a= 0,72 + 8a= n trong
NO
muo i cu a kim loa i
et
Khi cho NaOH vo th Na s di chuyn vo :

vi
NaNO3 :1 0,04.4 a
BTNT.Nito

NaAlO 2 : x
ng

BTNT.Na
1 0,16 2a +=
x 1,03 x
= a 0,19
27x= + 24y 7,8 = x 0, 2(mol)
a

Vy ta c h : 3x + 2y 8a= 0,72 y= 0,1(mol)
kh
= x a 0,19= a 0,01(mol)

BTKL

= m 7,8 + 62.0,8 + 0,01.80
= 58, 2(gam)
Cu 26: Chn p n D
Ta c: n KMnO=
4
= 0,005 n=
0,1.0,05 e = 0,025(mol)
0,005.5
m
Cu : m
64
BTE
.2 += =
0,01.1 0,025 m 0, 48(gam)
FeO.Fe 2 O3 : 0,01 64

184
PHN 3
NHNG CON NG T DUY GII CC
DNG TON C TH
CON NG T DUY S 1
GII BI TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI MUI
Con ng t duy
n
c im quan trng nht ca bi ton l S mol in tch m anion khng
.v
thay i. Ch cn ch c im then cht ny p dng vi cc nh lut bo ton
ta s gii c bi ton dng ny rt nhanh v hiu qu.
om
Chng ta thng lm bi ton vi cc bc mu mc nh sau:
Bc 1: Tnh tng s mol anion ( NO3 ; Cl ; SO42 ... )
.c
Bc 2: p dng quy tc (Kim loi no mnh th ly anion trc )
Bc 3: Trong nhiu trng hp cn dng ti
ok
BT IN TCH BT KHI LNG BT ELECTRON
bo
HNG DN VN DNG
Cu 1: Cho 8 gam bt Cu vo 200ml dung dch AgNO 3 , sau 1 thi gian phn ng
et
lc c dung dch A v 9,52 gam cht rn. Cho tip 8 gam bt Pb vo dung dch
A, phn ng xong lc tch c dung dch B ch cha 1 mui duy nht v 6,705
vi
gam cht rn. Nng mol/l ca AgNO 3 ban u l

ng
A. 0,25M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,20M. D. 0,35M.

T duy: Mui cui cng (duy nht) s l mui ca thng kim loi mnh nht.
Gi s: [ AgNO3 ] = a (M) n NO = 0, 2a ( mol ) n Pb(NO3 )2 = 0,1a (mol) .
a
3
kh
Ta BTKL cho c 3 kim loi:

8 + 0, 2a.108 + =
8 9,52 + 6, 705 + 0,1a.207 =
a 0, 25 (mol)
Chn A
Cu 2. Cho 8,4 gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl 2 0,5M
v FeCl 3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 3,2 B. 6,4 C. 5,24 D. 5,6
D dng nhn thy Fe > Cu tuy nhin n khng th nut ht Cl . Do ta s
c: n Cl
= 0,8(mol) n Fe = 0,15 + 0,2 = 0,35 (mol)
185
FeCl 2 : 0,35 mol

BTNT
m Cu = 3, 2 gam Chn A
CuCl 2 : 0, 05 mol
Cu 3. Cho m gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M, sau mt thi gian th lc
c 10,08 gam hn hp 2 kim loi v dung dch Y. Cho 2,4 gam Mg vo Y, khi
phn ng kt thc th lc c 5,92 gam hn hp rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3. B. 3,84. C. 4. D. 4,8.
Sau cc phn ng ta thu c 5,92 gam hn hp rn nn dung dch cui cng l
Mg2+.

BT n ho m NO3
n NO 0,1mol
Ta c:= n Mg(NO
= )
0,05mol
3 3 2
n
Bo ton khi lng 3 kim loi ta c:
.v

BTKL
m + 0,1.108=
+ 2, 4 10, 08 + 5,92 + 0, 05.24=
m 4 gam
Cu 4. Cho 0,96 gam Mg vo dung dch c 0,06 mol AgNO 3 v 0,04 mol
om
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , cho ti khi phn ng kt thc th lc, c m gam cht khng tan. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 6,14. B. 7,12. C. 7,28.
.c D. 8,06.
Ta c: n Mg = 0, 04 mol n NO =0, 06 + 0, 04.2 =0,14 mol
3
ok
Cc bn c th hiu nm na bi ton kim loi tc dng mui l qu trnh phn
b anion ln lt cho cc kim loi t mnh ti yu theo th t trong dy in
ha. Do :
bo
n Mg( NO3 )2 = 0, 04 mol

Ta c:
et
0,14 0, 08
=n Cu ( NO3 )2 = 0, 03mol
2
vi
Ag : 0, 06 mol
m= 7,12 gam Chn B
ng
Cu : 0, 04 0, 03 =
0, 01 mol
Cu 5: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 500ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,32M sau mt thi gian
phn ng thu c 15,52 gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X ri
a
thm 11,7 gam bt Zn vo Y,sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 21,06
kh
gam cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l:
A.10,24 B.7,68 C.12,8 D.11,52
Bi ton mi c qua c v kh phc tp.Tuy nhin,suy ngh 1 cht th li rt
n gin.Chng ta ch cn bo ton tng khi lng 3 kim loi l xong.
n AgNO=3
= 0,16 (mol) n NO=
0,5.0,32 0,16 (mol)
V 3
nn dung dch cui
n Zn = 0,18 (mol)
cng c n Zn(NO3 )2 = 0, 08 mol .

BTKL(Cu,Ag,Zn)
m + 0,16.108 + =
11,7 15,52 + 21,06 + 0,08.65 m =
12,8gam
186
Cu 6. Cho m 1 gam Al vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,3M v AgNO 3

0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c m 2 gam cht rn X. Nu
cho m 2 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 0,336 lt kh
(ktc) . Gi tr ca m 1 v m 2 l:
A. 1,08 v 5,16 B. 8,10 v 5,43 C. 1,08 v 5,43 D. 0,54 v 5,16
0, 015.2
V m 2 tc dng c vi HCl nn Al d. =BTE
n du
Al = 0, 01mol
3
n NO 0,1(0,3.2
=
3
= + 0,3) 0, 09 mol =
BTDT
n Al3+ 0, 03 mol
m = 27(0, 01 + 0, 03)= 1, 08gam

BTKL
1 Chn C
n
m=
2 0, 03(64 + 108) + 0, 01.27
= 5, 43gam
.v
Cu 7: Cho hn hp 18,4g bt st v ng vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol AgNO 3 ,
sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 49,6g hai kim loi. Vy khi lng ng
om
trong hn hp u l:
A. 6,4 g. B. 3,2 g. C. 5,6 g. D. 12,8 g.
.c n Fe2+ = a mol
n Ag = 0, 4 mol
D thy: 49, 6 gam ;=
n NO 0, 4 mol =
dung dich sau pu
n Cu2+ b mol
n Cu = 0,1mol 3

ok

NO3
56a +=64b 18, 4 6, 4 =

BTKL
a 0,1mol
BTDT m Cu= 0, 2.64= 12,8 mol
bo
2a + 2b = 0, 4 b = 0,1mol
Cu 8: Cho 10,8 gam magie vo dung dch c cha 0,3 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,5 mol
et
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch
NaOH d vo X thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng
vi
khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l

ng
A. 46 gam. B. 82 gam. C. 58 gam. D. 56 gam.

n Mg(NO ) = 0, 45 mol
n Mg = 0, 45 mol 3 2

BT n hom NO3
n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,3 mol
a
Ta c:
n = 0,3.3 + 0,5.2 = 1, 9 mol
NO3
n Cu(NO3 )2 = 0, 2 mol
kh
Ch : Ta s phn b NO3 ln lt t thng mnh nht l Mg > Fe>Cu (Ch

khng phi mnh gii tt u nh)
n MgO = 0, 45 mol

=
58gam n Fe2O3 0,15 mol Chn C
m =BTNT

n CuO = 0, 2 mol
187
Cu 9: Cho hn hp cha 16,8g Fe v 19,2g Cu vo 500ml dung dch AgNO 3 xM.

Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 3 mui. Gi tr
ph hp ca x l:
A. 3 B. 1,5 C. 2,1 D. 2,7
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 3 mui:
n Fe2+ = a mol

n Fe=3+ 0,3 a mol

n Cu 2+ = 0,3mol
n Fe2+ = 0,3mol BTDT
Nu dung dch c 2 mui
= n NO 1, 2 mol = x 2, 4 M
n
n Cu 2+ = 0,3mol 3
.v
n Fe3+ = 0,3mol BTDT
Nu dung dch c 2 mui = n NO 1,5 mol = x 3M
n Cu 2+ = 0,3mol
om
3
Cu 10: Cho 4,2 gam hn hp bt Fe v Al vo 250 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1,2M.

Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 33,33 gam cht
rn. Khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u l: .c
A. 1,104g B. 0,84 gam C. 2,0304gam D. 1,77 gam
ok
Bn cht ca loi ton kim loi tc dng mui l kim loi mnh i cp anion
ca kim loi yu hn nn ta s gii nhanh bng cch phn b s mol anion ln
lt cho cc kim loi t mnh ti yu theo th t
bo
m Ag = 32, 4 gam n Al( NO3 )3 = a mol

Ta c: n NO = 0,3mol 33,33gam
m Fe = 0,93gam n Fe( NO3 )2 = b mol
3
et
27a + =
56b 4, 2 0,93 =
a 0, 09 mol
BTKL
BTDT
vi
3a + 2b = 0,3 b = 0, 015 mol

ng
m Fe = 0,93 + 0, 015.56 = 1, 77 mol
BI TP RN LUYN
a
Cu 1: Ho tan 5.4 gam bt Al vo 150 ml dung dch A cha Fe(NO 3 ) 3 1M v

kh
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1M. Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam rn. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 10.95 B. 13.20 C. 13.80 D. 15.20
Cu 2: Nung mt thanh Mg vo dung dch cha 0,6 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,05 mol
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra v cn li th thy khi lng
thanh tng 11,6 gam. Khi lng Mg phn ng l:
A. 6,96gam B. 21 gam C. 20,88gam D. 2,4gam
Cu 3: Cho hn hp bt gm 5,4 gam Al v 11,2 gam Fe vo 900ml dung dch
AgNO 3 1M . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. m
c gi tr l:
A. 97,2. B. 98,1. C. 102,8. D. 100,0.
188
Cu 4: Cho 300 ml dung dch AgNO 3 vo 200 ml dd Fe(NO 3 ) 2 sau khi phn ng kt
thc thu c 19,44 gam cht rn v dd X trong s mol ca Fe(NO 3 ) 3 gp i s
mol ca Fe(NO 3 ) 2 cn d. Dung dch X c th tc dng ti a bao nhiu gam hn
hp bt kim loi gm Al v Mg c t l s mol tng ng l 1: 3 ?
Cu 5: Cho 0,96 gam bt Mg vo 100 ml dd gm Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1M v AgNO 3 0,2 M.
Khuy u n phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn A v dd B. Sc kh NH 3 d
vo B, lc ly kt ta em nung nhit cao n khi lng khng i th thu
c cht rn c khi lng l:
Cu 6: Ha tan 5,91 hn hp NaCl v KBr vo 100ml dung dch hn hp
n
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,1M v AgNO 3 aM, thu c kt ta A v dung dch B. Trong dung
.v
dch B, nng % ca NaNO 3 v KNO 3 tng ng theo t l 3,4 : 3,03. Cho
ming km vo dung dch B, sau khi phn ng xong ly ming km ra khi dung
om
dch, thy khi lng tng 1,1225g. Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,800M B.0,850M C.0,855M D.0,900M
Cu 7: Cho m(g) Mg vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO 3 v 0.25 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ,
.c
sau mt thi gian thu c 19,44g kt ta v dung dch X cha 2 mui. Tch ly
kt ta, thm tip 8,4g bt st vo dd X, sau khi cc phn ng hon ton, thu c
ok
9,36g kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,8g B. 4,32g C. 4,64g D. 5,28g
bo
Cu 8: Cho m (g) bt Fe vo 100ml dd gm Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1M v AgNO 3 3M. Sau khi

kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch 3 mui . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,6 B. 16,8 C. 22,4 D. 6,72
et
Cu 9: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO 3

0,1M v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung
vi
dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l:

ng
A. 2,80. B. 2,16. C. 4,08. D. 0,64.

Cu 10: Cho 4,8 gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol FeCl 3 , sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X, c cn dung dch X c m gam mui
a
khan. Gi tr ca m l:
kh
A. 34,9. B. 25,4. C. 31,7. D. 44,4.

Cu 11: Cho 0,01 mol Fe tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,025 mol AgNO 3 ,
sau phn ng thu c cht rn X v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, Ag=108, N=14, O=16)
Cu 12: Cho m(gam) kim loi Fe vo 1 lt dung dch cha AgNO 3 0,1M v
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,1M. Sau phn ng ngi ta thu c 15,28 g rn v dung dch X. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 6,72. B. 2,80. C. 8,40. D. 17,20.
189
Cu 13: Cho m (g) bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch gm Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1M v AgNO 3

4M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch 3 mui ( trong c mt mui
ca Fe) v 32,4 g cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,2. B. 16,8. C. 8,4. D. 5,6.
Cu 14: Cho 0,2 mol Fe vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,2 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,2 mol
AgNO 3 . Khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 trong dung dch bng :
A. 0,3. B. 0,2. C. 0,4. D. 0,0.
Cu 15: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1:2
vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,40. B. 16,53. C. 12,00. D. 12,80.
n
Cu 16: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7gam Al v 5,6gam Fe vo 550ml dung dch
.v
AgNO 3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn. Gi
tr ca m l:
om
A. 59,4. B. 64,8. C. 32,4. D. 54.
Cu 17: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO 4
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v 30,4 gam
.c
hn hp kim loi. Phn trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
ok
A. 56,37%. B. 64,42%. C. 43,62%. D. 37,58%.
Cu 18: Cho hn hp rn A gm 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 300 ml
dung dch AgNO 3 2M khi phn ng hon ton khi lng cht rn thu c l
bo

Cu 19: Cho hn hp gm 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol
et
Cu2+v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt dung dch
cha ba ion kim loi. Trong cc gi tr sau y, gi tr no ca x tho mn trng
vi
hp trn?
A. 1,8. B. 1,5. C. 1,2. D. 2,0.
ng
Cu 20: Dung dch X c cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 c cng nng . Thm

mt lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X
a
cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo

HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng mol/lt ca hai mui l:
kh
A. 0,30. B. 0,40 . C. 0,63. D. 0,42.

Cu 21: Cho 11,20 gam bt Fe vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl 2
0,25M v FeCl 3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht
rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,00 B. 8,00 C. 6,00 D. 5,60
Cu 22: (HSP ln 8 2012) Cho hn hp X gm 0,12 mol Fe v 0,03 mol Al
vo 100 ml dung dch Cu ( NO3 )2 . Lc k Cu ( NO3 )2 phn ng ht thu c
cht rn Y c khi lng 9,76 gam. Nng mol/l ca dung dch Cu ( NO3 )2 l:
A. 0,65M B. 0,5M C. 0,45M D. 0,75M
190
Cu 23: (Amsterdam 2012) Cho hn hp bt gm 0,48 gam Mg v 1,68 gam Fe

vo dung dch CuCl2 ri khuy u n phn ng hon ton thu c 3,12 gam
cht rn khng tan X. S mol CuCl2 tham gia phn ng l:
Cu 24: (C.L T Trng B 2012) Cho a gam bt Zn vo 200 ml dung dch X
gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu ( NO3 )2 0,15M th c 3,44 gam cht rn Y. Gi
tr ca a l:
Cu 25: (C.L T Trng B 2012) Ha tan 5,85 gam bt kim loi Zn trong 100
n
ml dung dch Fe 2 ( SO 4 )3 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xong, khi lng dung dch thu
.v
c nh th no so vi khi lng ca 100 ml dung dch Fe 2 ( SO 4 )3 0,5M trc
om
phn ng?
A. Khi lng dung dch tng 3,61 gam
B. Khi lng dung dch tng 2,49 gam .c
C. Khi lng dung dch tng 3,25 gam
D. Khi lng dung dch gim xung 3,61 gam
ok
Cu 26: (C. Bn Tre ln 1 2012) Cho 26,08 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe v Zn
tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4 . Sau mt thi gian, thu c dung dch Y v 27,52
bo
gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z vo dung dch H 2SO 4 (long, d), sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc th khi lng cht rn gim 4,48 gam v dung dch thu c ch
et
cha mt mui duy nht. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l:

A. 41,48% B. 60,12% C. 51,85% D. 48,15%
vi
Cu 27: (C. Bn Tre ln 1 2012) Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,18 mol
ng
FeCl3 . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 6,72 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca
m l:
a

Cu 28: (C. Nguyn Hu ln 4 2012) Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,1
kh
mol AgNO3 v 0,25 mol Cu ( NO3 )2 , sau mt thi gian thu c 19,44 gam kt
ta v dung dch X cha 2 mui. Tch ly kt ta, thm tip 8,4 gam bt st vo
dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng hon ton thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l:
Cu 29: (HSG Thi Bnh 2009 2010) Cho hn hp dng bt gm Al v Fe
vo 100 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,75M, khuy k hn hp phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c 9 gam cht rn A gm 2 kim loi. ha tan hon ton cht rn A
191
th cn t nht bao nhiu lt dung dch HNO3 1M (bit phn ng to ra sn phm

kh NO duy nht)?
A. 0,4 lt B. 0,5 lt C. 0,3 lt D. 0,6 lt
Cu 30: (HSG Thi Bnh 2012 2013) Cho hn hp gm 0,04 mol Zn v 0,03
mol Fe vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol CuSO 4 n phn ng hon ton, thu c
dung dch X v cht rn Y. Cho ton b X phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch
Ba ( OH )2 , kt ta thu c trong khng kh ti khi lng khng i cn c
m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
n
Cu 31: Cho 4,15 gam hn hp A gm Al v Fe tc dng vi 200ml dd CuSO 4
0,525M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 7,84 gam cht rn Y gm 2
.v
kim loi. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong A l:
om
A. 40,48% B. 67,47% C. 59,52% D. 32,53%
Cu 32. Cho 2,7 gam hn hp bt X gm Fe, Zn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO 4 .
Sau mt thi gian, thu c dung dch Y v 2,84 gam cht rn Z. Cho ton b Z
.c
vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 (long, d), sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th khi lng
cht rn gim 0,28 gam v dung dch thu c ch cha mt mui duy nht. Phn
ok
trm khi lng ca Fe trong X l:
A. 58,52% B. 41,48% C. 48,15% D. 51.85%
bo
Cu 33: Nhng mt thanh Magie vo dung dch c cha 0,8 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,05
mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra cn li thy khi lng tng
11,6 gam. Khi lng Magie phn ng l:
et
A. 6,96 gam B. 20,88 gam C. 25,2 gam D. 24 gam

vi
Cu 34. Cho 2,7 gam Al tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch X cha Fe(NO 3 ) 3 0,5 M
v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,5 M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr
ng
ca m l:
Cu 35. Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm Fe, Cu vo 600 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M.
a
Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch Y gm 3 mui (khng cha AgNO 3 )
kh
c khi lng gim 50 gam so vi mui ban u. Gi tr ca m l:

Cu 36. Cho a mol Al vo dung dch cha b mol Fe v c mol Cu2+. Kt thc phn
2+
ng thu c dung dch cha 2 loi ion kim loi. Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
2c 2 (b + c ) 2b 2 (b + c )
A. a< B. a
3 3 3 3
2c 2 (b + c ) 2b 2 (b + c )
C. a D. a<
3 3 3 3
192
Cu 37: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,2M, sau mt thi gian
phn ng thu c 7,76 gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri
thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10,53
A. 5,76. B. 5,12. C. 3,84. D. 6,40.
Cu 38: Cho 9,6 gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v 0,3 mol
Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . Phn ng kt thc, khi lng cht rn thu c l
Cu 39: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,2M, sau mt thi gian
phn ng thu c 7,76 gam hn hp cht rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X, ri
thm 5,85 gam bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 10,53
n
.v
A. 3,84. B. 6,40. C. 5,12. D. 5,76.
om
Cu 40: Nhng mt thanh st vo dung dch hn hp cha 0,02 mol AgNO 3 v
0,05 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng thanh st
tng m gam (coi ton b lng kim loi sinh ra bm vo thanh st). Gi trca m l:
A. 1,44. B. 5,36. .c
C. 2,00. D. 3,60.
Cu 41: Nhng mt thanh Mg vao dd c cha 0,8 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,5mol
ok
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi tra cn li thy khi lng tng
8,4g. Khi lng Mg phn ng l:
bo
A.24g B.22,8g C.25,2g D.20,4g

Cu 42: Cho m gam bt kim loi R ha tr 2 vo dung dch CuSO 4 d. Sau phn
ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c gim 0,24 gam so vi khi lng cht
et
rn ban u. Cng cho m gam bt kim loi trn vo dung dch AgNO 3 d, n khi
phn ng hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c tng 0,52 gam so vi khi lng
vi
cht rn ban u. Kim loi R l:

ng
A. Sn. B. Zn. C. Cd. D. Pb.

Cu 43: Ngm mt thanh st c khi lng 20 gam vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp
Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1M v AgNO 3 0,5M, sau mt thi gian thy khi lng thanh st tng
a
10%. Hi khi lng dung dch thay i nh th no?

kh
A. Tng 1,6 gam B. Gim 1,6 gam

C. Gim 2 gam D. Tng 2 gam
Cu 44: Ha tan 5,64 gam Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v 1,7 gam AgNO 3 vo nc thu c dung
dch X. Cho 1,57 gam hn hp Y gm bt Zn v Al vo X ri khuy u. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn E v dung dch D ch cha 2 mui. Ngm E
trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 long khng c kh gii phng. % theo khi lng ca Zn
trong hn hp Y l:
A. 41,40% B. 82,80% C. 62,10% D. 20,70%.
193
Cu 45: Cho m gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo dd CuSO 4 d. Sau khi cc

phn ng xy ra hon ton , thu c m gam cht rn. Phn trm khi lng ca
Zn trong hn hp ban u l:
A.90,27% B.82,30% C.82,2% D.12,67%
Cu 46: Cho m gam Fe vo dd cha 0,1 mol AgNO 3 v 0,15 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Sau
khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn X. Ho tan X bng dd HCl d thu 0,03
mol H 2 . Ga tr ca m l:
A. 12,78 g B. 12,85 g C. 12,88 g D. 12,58 g
Cu 47: Cho m gam Mg vo 500ml dung dch hn hp AgNO 3 0,2M v Fe(NO 3 ) 3
2M th khi kt thc phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Xc nh m?
A. 10,8 gam hoc 15,0 gam B. 13,2 gam
n
C. 10,8 gam D. 15,0 gam
.v
P N CHI TIT
om
Cu 1: Chn p n C
C ngay:
nAl( NO3 )3 = 0, 2
NO3
n= 0, 75 mol
nFe( NO3 )2 = 0, 075
=
.c
m 0,15.64 + 0, 075.56
= 13,8 gam
ok
Cu 2: Chn p n B
nMg 2+ = a mol
bo

C ngay: nNO = 1,9 mol nFe2+ = b mol

3
nNO3 = 1,9 mol

et
2a + 2b 1,9 = a 0,875 mol

vi
0, 05.64 + (0, 6 b).56 = 24a 11, 6 = b 0, 075 mol

Cu 3: Chn p n D
ng
C ngay:
nAl = 0, 2 mol nAl 3+ = 0, 2 mol nAg = 0,9 mol
a
nNO3 = =
0,9 mol m
nFe 0,= 2 mol nFe2+ 0,15 mol nFe = 0, 05 mol
kh
Cu 4: Chn p n B
n Fe3+ = 0,18 mol
n Ag = 0,18 mol n NO = 0, 72 mol =3n Al + 3.n Al .2
n Fe2+ = 0, 09 mol 3
a = 0, 08 mol
Cu 5: Chn p n B
n Mg = 0, 04 mol n Mg2+ = 0, 04 mol
C ngay: B m MgO = 1, 6 gam
= 0, 22 mol
n Cu 2+ = 0, 07 mol
n
NO3
194
Cu 6: Chn p n C
NaCl : x
Gi s : 58,5x + 119y =
5,91 (1)
KBr : y
C%dd NaNO3 3, 4 m NaNO3 3, 4 85x 3, 4
= = = =
y 0,75x (2)
C%dd KNO3 3,03 m KNO3 3,03 101y 3,03
x = 0,04

(1),(2)

y = 0,03
2+
V a > 0,7 nn trong B c Cu : 0,01
BTE
n=
Phan ung
0,05a 0,025
+ Zn
Ag : 0,1a 0,07
n

= + (
0,1a 0,07 ) .108 (0,05a 0,025).65
= a 0,85
BTKL
1,1225 0,01.64

.v

Cu Ag Zn
Chn B
om
Cu 7: Chn p n C
n Mg2+ = a (mol)

= n NO3
0, 6 mol X ( m 0,96 gam )
+ Fe 9,36 gam =
.c
n Cu=
2+ 0,3 a (mol)
ok
0,3 =
a 0,12 = a 0,18 mol
n Ag = 0,1mol

bo
19, 44 n Cu= 0, 25 0,12= 0,13mol m= 4, 64 gam

n = 0,32gam
Mg
et
Cu 8: Chn p n D
n = NO3
0, 4 mol 0,1mol < n Fe < 0,15 mol
vi
Cu 9: Chn p n C
ng
n Fe2+ = 0, 04 mol n Ag = 0, 02 mol

n =
0, 22 mol
NO3
m
n Cu 2+ = 0, 07 mol n Cu = 0, 03mol
a
Cu 10: Chn p n C
kh
n Mg2+ = 0, 2 mol
= n Cl 0, 6 mol
n Fe2+ = 0,1mol
Cu 11: Chn p n A
n Fe3+ = 0, 005 mol
= n NO 0, 025 mol = m 2,11gam
3
n Fe2+ = 0, 005 mol
195
Cu 12: Chn p n A
n Ag = 0,1mol
15, 28
n Cu = 0, 07 mol
n NO3 =
0,3mol
n Cu 2+ = 0, 03mol
A
X
n Fe2+ = 0,12 mol
Cu 13: Chn p n D
32, 4 ( n Ag = 0,3mol )

n= 0,1mol D
n NO3 = 0, 6 mol
Fe
n
Cu 14: Chn p n D
.v
n Fe = 0, 4 mol
n Fe3+ =
0D
om
n NO3 = 0,8 mol
Cu 15: Chn p n A
n Zn = 0,1mol .c
n = 0, 2 mol n Zn 2+ = 0,1mol
Cu n= n= 0,1mol
n = 0, 4 mol n Fe2+ = 0, 4 mol
ok
KL Cu
Fe = = 6, 4 gam
m 0,1.64
n SO2 = 0, 6 mol n Cu 2+ = 0,1mol
4
bo
Cu 16: Chn p n A
n = 0,1mol n 3+ = 0,1mol
et
Al Al
= n Fe 0,1mol = n Fe2+ 0, 05 mol = =
m 0,55.M Ag 59, 4 gam
n
vi
NO3 = 0,55 mol n Fe3+ = 0, 05 mol

ng
Cu 17: Chn p n A
n Cu = 0,3mol n Zn 2+ = a (mol)
30, 4 gam
a
n Fe = 0, 2 mol n Fe=
2+ 0,3 a (mol)
kh
65a + 56(0,5 a)
= 29,8 =
a 0, 2 mol n Fe= 0,3mol
Cu 18: Chn p n C
n Fe = 0,1mol n 3+ = 0,1mol
Fe n Ag = 0,5 mol
n Cu = 0,1mol n Cu 2+ = 0,1mol
n m Ag = 54 g
= 0, 6 mol n + = 0,1mol
NO3 Ag
196
Cu 19: Chn p n C
n Mg2+ = 1, 2 mol

n ion =
5 n Zn 2+ =< x 1,3 C

n Cu 2+ > 0
Cu 20: Chn p n B
n = 0, 035 mol
Y Fe =n pu
Fe 0, 012 mol =
n NO 0,135 mol
= [ ] 0, 4 M
Cu; Ag 3
Cu 21: Chn p n C
n Fe2+ = 0,35 mol
n

n Cl =
.v
0, 7 mol n Fe = 0, 05 mol C
m n = 0, 05 mol
Cu
om
Cu 22: Chn p n A (HSP ln 8 2012)
Nu Fe v Al tan hon ton c:
n Fe = 0,12 mol BTE
n Cu =
.c
0, 03.3 + 0,12.2
mol
n Al = 0, 03 mol 2
ok
= 0,165 m Cu = 10,56 > 9,76 (Loi)
Do cht rn s gm Cu v Fe d:
bo
n Fe = a (mol)
9, 76
= n b (mol)
BTDT
= n NO 2b (mol)
et
Cu 3
n pu
Al = 0, 03 mol

BTKL
56a + 64b = 9, 76
vi
pu BTE
=
n Fe 0,12 a mol 0, 03.3 + 2(0,12 a)= 2b
ng
a = 0,1mol
[ Cu(NO3 )2 ] =0, 65 M A
b = 0, 065 mol
a
Cu 23: Chn p n B (Amsterdam 2012)

kh
n Mg = 0, 02 mol
C nu Mg v Fe tan hon ton th:
n Fe = 0, 03 mol
0,02.2 + 0,03.2
n Cu = =0,05 m Cu =3,2 > 3,12 loi
2
do cht rn gm Cu v Fe d:
n Fe = a mol n Mg = 0, 02 mol
pu
3,12
= n Cu b mol
BTDT

= n Cl 2b mol =
pu
n Fe 0, 03 a mol
197

=BTKL
56a + 64b = 3,12 a 0, 01 mol
BTE n CuCl2 =
0, 04 mol
0, 02.2 + 2(0, 03 a)= 2b b = 0, 04 mol
Cu 24: Chn p n B (C.L T Trng B 2012)
n + = 0, 02 mol
Ag n Ag = 0, 02 mol
n Cu2+ = 0, 03 mol m(Ag, Cu) = 4, 08 > 3, 44 3, 44
n Cu = 0, 02 mol
n NO3 = 0, 08 mol

BTE
= 2.n Zn 0, 02.1 + 0,=
02.2 0, 06=
a 0, =
03.65 1, 95 gam
Cu 25: Chn p n A (C.L T Trng B 2012)
n
n = 0, 09 mol n 2+ = 0, 09 mol
.v
Zn

Zn
= n Fe3+ 0,1mol =
BTDT
n Fe2+ a mol
BTDT
0,=
09.2 + 2a 2.0,15
om

n =
0,15 mol n 0,15 mol
SO24 SO24

= a 0, 06
=m 0, 09.65 0, 04.56
= 3, 61gam > 0 A
Cu 26: Chn p n B (C. Bn Tre ln 1 2012)
.c
V Z + axit ch thu c mui duy nht (FeSO 4 ).Nn Z l Cu v Fe:
ok
= m =
23, 04 gam n Cu 0,36 mol
27,52 Cu
= m Fe 4,=
48gam n Fe 0, 08 mol
bo
n Fe= a mol n pu
Fe = a 0, 08 mol
26, 08 pu n Cu
trong Z
= 0,36 = b + a 0, 08
n = b mol n Zn = b mol
et
Zn
56a =+ 65b 26, 08= a 0, 28 mol
B
vi
= a + b 0, 44
= b 0,16 mol
ng
Cu 27: Chn p n D (C. Bn Tre ln 1 2012)

=
n FeCl 3
0,18
BTNT.Fe
m
= Fe = 10,08 > 6,72(n
0,18.56 = Fe 0,12)
a
n Mg2+ = a mol

kh
= n Fe2+ 0,18 = 0,12 0, 06

BTDT
2a + 0,=
06.2 0,54

n Cl = 0,18.3 mol
=
a 0, 21mol = = 5, 04 gam
m 0, 21.24
Cu 28: Chn p n C (C. Nguyn Hu ln 4 2012)
n = 0, 25 mol
Cu2+

Ta c ngay: n Ag+ = 0,1mol

n NO3 = 0, 6 mol
198
n 2+ = a mol
Mg
dung dch sau tt c cc phn ng c n Fe2+ = b mol

n NO3 = 0, 6 mol
BTT c ngay: 2a + 2b =0,6

BTKL(Mg,Cu,Ag,Fe)
m + 0,25.64 + 0,1.108 +=
8,4 19,44 + 9,36 + 24a + 56b
24a + 56b m = 6,4

BTKL(Mg,Cu,Ag)
m + 0,1.108 + 0,25.64
= 19,44 + 24a + 64b
24a + 64b m = 7,36
n
=a + b 0,3= a 0,18 mol

.v
24a + 56b m= 6, 4 b= 0,12 mol
24a + 64b
= m 7,36= m 4, 64 gam

om
Cu 29: Chn p n A (HSG Thi Bnh 2009 2010)
D thy cht rn A l Cu v Fe
n = 0, 075 mol
9 Cu =
n e 2(0, 075 + 0, 075)
= 0,3 mol
.c
n Fe = 0, 075 mol
ok
4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O n HNO = 3
0, 4 mol A
bo
Cu 30: Chn p n D (HSG Thi Bnh 2012 2013)

D dng suy ra X gm Zn 2 + ;Fe2 + ;Cu 2 + ;SO24
et
n Zn2+ = 0, 04 mol

=
n Fe2+ 0, 03 mol
BTNT

= n Fe( OH ) 0, 03 mol
vi
3

n= 0,1 0,=
07 0, 03 n Cu(OH)
=
BTNT
Cu 2 +
0, 03 mol
ng
2

= n SO24 0,1mol
BTNT

= n BaSO4 0,1mol
m ( Fe ( OH ) ;Cu(OH) ;BaSO )
m= 29,45
a
3 2 4
kh
Cu 31. Chn p n D
n Cu = 0,105 mol
7,84
n Fe = 0, 02 mol

n 3+ = a mol

Al
= 3a + 2b 0, 21= a 0, 05 mol
n
SO4=
2 0,105 mol n = b mol
Fe2+

27a + 56(b + 0,=
02) 4,15 =
b 0, 03 mol
n = 0,105 mol
SO24
199
Cu 32.Chn p n D
n = a mol
2, 7 gam Fe Mui duy nht l FeSO 4 Zn ht
n Zn = b mol
m Fe = 0, 28 n Fe = 0, 005mol
2,84
m Cu = 2,56 n Cu = 0, 04mol = nZn + nFe
du
56a= + 65b 2, 7 = a 0, 025 mol

D
b + a= 0, 05 0, 04
= b 0, 02 mol
Cu 33: Chn p n C
Vi tnh cht ca trc nghim vic bin lun xem xy ra TH no th kh mt
n
thi gian. Do , ta nn th vi TH nghi ng cao nht. Nu c p n th ng.
.v
n Mg(NO3 )2 = a mol

= n NO 2,5 mol BT.ion 2,5 2a
om
n Fe(NO3 )2 =
3
2
2,5 2a
BTKL
= 11, 6 0, 05.64 + 56(0,8 .c ) 24a
= a 1, 05 mol C
2
Cu 34. Chn p n A
ok
n Al = 0,1mol n Al(NO3 )3 = 0,1mol

CDLBT
0,375 0,3
NO3
n = 0,375 mol = n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0, 0375 mol
bo
2
n Fe = 0, 0375 mol
m m= 6, 9g
et
n Cu = 0, 075 mol
Cu 35. Chn p n B
vi
Fe2 + :

ng
V mui thu c khng cha AgNO 3 nn n l Y Fe3+ :

Cu 2 +

a
Do Cu b tan ht v ta c ngay: 50 = 0,6.108 m m= 14,8g

kh
Cu 36. Chn p n A
Dung dch thu c l mui Al3+ v Fe2+
Cu2+ b y ra ht
BTE
3a 2c
Fe2+ cha b y ra ht
BTE
3a 2c + 2b
Cu 37 Chn p n D
n NO3
= 0, 08 mol n Zn( NO3 ) = 0, 04 mol
2
Ta bo ton tng khi lng 3 kim loi s c ngay:

m + 0, 08.108 + 5,85= 7, 76 + 10,53 + 0, 04.65 m= 6, 4 gam
200
Cu 38: Chn p n A
n NO = 0, 2.2 + 0,3.3 = 1,3 mol n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0, 4 mol

3
1,3 0,8
n
Mg = 0, 4 mol =n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0, 25 mol
2
n = 0, 2 mol
m= 15, 6 gam Cu
n Fe = 0, 05 mol
Cu 39: Chn p n B
n NO = 0, 08 mol n Zn(NO3 )2 = 0, 04 mol .Ta i bo ton khi lng cho tng 3
3
kim loi
n
m + 0, 08.108 + 5,85= 7, 76 + 10,53 + 0, 04.65 m= 6, 4 gam
.v
y l bi ton c v kh nhng tht ra rt n gin ch cn 1 cht v tr
li cu hi: Kim loi i u? N l ci g?
om
Cu 40: Chn p n C
tng: Dng bo ton s mol ion NO 3 v bo ton khi lng ta c ngay:
n NO
3
0,12 mol n Fe NO3 0, 06 mol
2
.c
m 0, 02.108 0, 05.64 0, 06.56 2 gam
ok
Cu 41. Chn p n D
n NO = 3, 4 mol
3
bo
D thy Cu2+ cha b y ra ht

n = a mol
Mg( NO3 )2
et

n Fe( NO3 ) = 0,8 mol (0,5 1,7 + a + 0,8)64 24a = 8,4

2
vi
n Cu( NO3 )2 = 1, 7 a 0,8 mol

ng
a = 0,85 m = 20,4 gam

Cu 42: Chn p n C
=
Mx 64 x 0, 24 = M 112
a
C
108.2 x = Mx 0,52 = x 0,005
kh
Cu 43: Chn p n C
Cu ny nhiu hc sinh s h hc tnh ton. Thc cht v cng n gin. Khi
lng thanh Fe tng 2 gam th ng nhin khi lng dung dch s gim 2
gam.
Cu 44: Chn p n B
Ngm E khng c kh thot ra nn n l Ag v Cu.
201
n 3+ = a mol
Al 3a + 2a = 0, 07
=
Vy ta c ngay: D n Zn2+ b mol
BTDT

27a + 65b = 1,57
n NO3 = 0, 03.2 + 0, 01= 0, 07 mol
a = 0, 01mol
%Zn = 82,80%
b = 0, 02 mol
Cu 45: p n A
1
a = mol
n Fe = a mol a + b = 1 9
= m(a + b 1) A
= = + 65b 64
n
n Zn b mol 56a 8
b = mol
9
.v
Cu 46: Chn p n C
om
Vi nhng bi ton kim loi n gin nh th ny ta s tnh thng qua s mol
n NO= 0, 4 mol n Fe2= 0, 2 mol
n Fe =0, 2 + 0, 03 =0, 23 mol
+
ion: 3
n H=
2
0, 03 mol n =
FeCl 2
0, 03 mol
.c
Cu 47: Chn p n A
Vi trng hp ny ta i th p n l hay nht (lu p n A)
ok
n NO3 = 3,1mol n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0, 45 mol
TH1 =
: m 10,8gam = = 10,8gam
m 108.0,1
bo
n Mg = 0, 45 mol Fe(NO3 )x
Trng hp ny Fe3+ cha b chuyn ht v Fe2+ nn cht rn ch l Ag
n NO = 3,1mol n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0, 625
et
=TH 2 : m 15 3
3,1 0, 625.2
n Mg = 0, 625 mol = n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0, 925 mol
vi
2
n Ag = 0,1mol
ng
m=
15 gam
n Fe =
1 0, 925 =
0, 075 mol
a
CON NG T DUY S 2
kh
GII BI TON OXIT KIM LOI TC DNG VI HCl, H 2 SO 4

(long)
Con ng t duy :
Thc cht loi ton ny ch cn p dng BTNT v BTKL.Vi cc cu hi l:
H+ trong axit bin i u?Mui gm nhng thnh phn no?
Cu tr li s l : H + trong axit kt hp vi O trong oxit bin thnh nc.
ng thi kim loi kt hp vi gc axit tng ng ( Cl ;SO24 ;NO3 ) to
mui.
Ch : 1 s bi ton cn vn dng thm cc LBT
202
HNG DN VN DNG
Bi 1. Ho tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dd
H 2 SO 4 0,1M(va ). Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c mui khan c khi
lng l:
A. 6.81g B. 4,81g C.3,81g D.5,81g
= = 0,1mol
n H+ 0,5.2.0,1 =
BTNT
n H 2O = trong oxit
nO 0, 05 mol

BTKL
=m m(KL;SO
= ) 2
4 2,81 0, 05.16 + 0, 05.96
= 6,81gam
Bi 2. Cho 24,12 gam hn hp X gm CuO , Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 tc dng va vi
350ml dd HNO 3 4M ri un n khan dung dch sau phn ng th thu c m gam
hn hp mui khan. Tnh m.
n
A. 77,92 gam B.86,8 gam C. 76,34 gam D. 99,72 gam
.v
= n H+ =0,35.4 1, 4 mol
BTNT

= n H2O n=trong oxit
O 0, 7 mol
=
BTKL
m m(KL;=
NO )
24,12 0, 7.16 + 1,
= 4.62 99, 72 gam
om
3
Bi 3. Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe 3 O 4 trong dung dch HCl d sau phn

ng cn li 8,32 gam cht rn khng tan v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu
c 61,92 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m: .c
ok
n Cu = a mol n CuCl2 = a mol
V Cu d nn c ngay: (m 8,32)
BTNT

n Fe3O4 = a mol n FeCl2 = 3a mol
bo

BTKL
61,92
= 135a + 127.3a=
a 0,12 mol

BTKL
m 8,32
= 64a + 232a = m 43,84 gam
et
Bi 4. Chia 156,8 gam hn hp L gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 thnh hai phn bng

vi
khan. Phn th hai tc dng va vi dung dch M l hn hp HCl, H 2 SO 4 long

thu c 167,9 gam mui khan. S mol ca HCl trong dung dch M l:
ng

Ta x l vi phn 1:
a
n Fe = a mol n = a mol
78, 4 155, 4 Fe
kh
= n O b mol =
HCl
n Cl 2b mol n Cl = 2b mol
56a=+ 16b 78, 4 =a 1mol

BTKL

56a=+ 71b 155, 4=b 1, 4 mol
Vi phn 2:
n = 1(mol)
Fe
BTKL
=35,5x + 96y =
111, 9 x 1,8 mol
167, 9 n Cl x mol BTDT
x +=
2y = 2b 2,8 y = 0,5 mol
n SO24 = y mol
203
Bi 5: Nung 20,8 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg v Al trong oxi mt thi gian thu

c 21,52 gam cht rn X. Hoa tan X trong V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M va thu
c 0,672 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 300. B. 200. C. 400. D. 150.
Bi ton ny ta s s dng bo ton nguyn t hidro. Cc bn ch khi p dng
BTNT ta hy tr li cu hi. N i u ri?
Nh bi ny ta hi H trong HCl i u? Tt nhin n bin thnh H 2 v H 2 O
BTKL

= m O 21,52 = 20,8 0, 72 gam = nO =n H2O 0, 045 mol
n H2 0, 03 mol
= = n H 0,15 mol =
V 0,3 lit
Bi 6: Cho hn hp gm 25,6 gam Cu v 23,2 gam Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi 400 ml
n
dung dch HCl 2M cho n khi phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A v cht
.v
rn B. Cho dung dch A phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d to ra kt ta X. Lng
kt ta X l:
om
n Cu = 0, 4 mol n Fe= 2+ 0,3 mol n= Ag 0,3 mol

n Fe=3O 4
0,1mol A n= Cu 2 +
0,1mol.c = m 147, 2 gam

n HCl = 0,8 mol n Cl= 0,8 mol n AgCl= 0,8 mol
ok
Bi 7: Ly 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO v Fe 2 O 3 (vi s mol bng nhau) tc dng
hon ton vi dung dch HI d thu c dung dch X. C cn X c cht rn Y.
Cho Y tc dng vi dng dch AgNO 3 d c m gam kt ta. Xc nh m?
bo

n FeO = 0, 01 mol n Fe2+ = 0, 01mol n FeI2 = 0, 03 mol
et
2,32 + HI Y BTE
n Fe2O3 = 0, 01mol n Fe3+ = 0, 02 mol n I2 = 0, 01mol
vi
n AgI = 0, 06 mol
m= 17,34 gam
ng
n Ag = 0, 03 mol
Bi 8: Ha tan hon ton 24 gam hn hp X gm MO, M(OH) 2 v MCO 3 (M l
a
kim loi c ha tr khng i) trong 100 gam dung dch H 2 SO 4 39,2% thu c
1,12 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng
kh
39,41%. Kim loi M l :

A. Cu. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Zn.
39,2
n=H 2 SO 4 = 0, 4 mol BTNT
= n MSO4 0, 4 mol
98
0, 4(M + 96)
0,3941 = M= 24 Chn B
24 + 100 0, 05.44
Bi 9: Cho m gam hn hp Cu va Fe 3 O 4 vao dung dich H 2 SO 4 long (d), khuy
u cho cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan thy co 3,2 gam kim loi khng tan va dung
204
dich X. Cho NH 3 ti d vao dung dich X, loc ly kt ta, nung trong khng khi n
khi lng khng i cn li 16 gam cht rn. Gia tri ca m la:
A. 22,933 g. B. 25,66 g. C. 19,23 g. D. 32 g.
Ch : Fe3O4 = FeO.Fe2O3 . Do : S mol Cu b tan bng s mol Fe 3 O 4
0, 2
16 : Fe 2O3 nFe 2O3 = 0,1 nFe = 0, 2 mol nFe3O 4 =mol
3
0, 2
nFe3O4 = 3 mol
m Chn A
n = ( 0, 2 + 3, 2 ) mol m= 22,933 gam
Cu 3 64
n
Bi 10: Kh m gam Fe 3 O 4 bng kh H 2 thu c hn hp X gm Fe v FeO, hn
.v
hp X tc dng va ht vi 3 lt dung dch H 2 SO 4 0,2M (long). Gi tr ca m l:
om
0, 6
n H2SO4 = 0, 6 mol n FeSO4 = 0, 6 =nFe mFe3O 4 = .232 = 46, 4g
3
Chn D .c
Bi 11: Hn hp X gm: CuO, FeO v Fe 3 O 4 . Dn kh CO d qua 4,56 gam hn
ok
hp X nung nng. em ton b lng CO 2 to ra cho hp th vo dung dch
Ba(OH) 2 thu c 5,91 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. un nng Y li thu thm 3,94
gam kt ta. Cho 4,56 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi dung dch H 2 SO 4
bo
0,1M thu c dung dch cha m gam mui. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 11,28. B. 7,20. C. 10,16. D. 6,86.

0
Ba(HCO3 )2
t
BaCO3 + CO2 + H 2 O
vi
Ch :
0,02 0,02
ng

n CO= n=
BTNT.cacbon
2 C 0, 02 + 0, 02 + 0, 03
= 0, 07 mol
V CO + O trong X CO2 n Otrong X = n CO2 = 0, 07 mol
a

BTKL
m KL(Fe,Cu)
= 4,56 0, 07.16
= 3, 44 gam
kh

BTNT.oxi
n=
trong X
O n SO2 =
4
m m(Fe;Cu;SO 2
4 )
Chn C
=
3, 44 + 0, 07.96 =
10,16 gam
Bi 12: Cho a gam hn hp X gm Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 v Cu vo dung dch HCl d,
thy c 1 mol axit phn ng v cn li 0,256a gam cht rn khng tan. Mt khc,
kh hon ton a gam hn hp X bng CO d thu c 42 gam cht rn. Phn trm
khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X l:
A. 25,6%. B. 32,0%. C. 50,0%. D. 48,8%.
n HCl =1 nO
trong X
=
0,5 mol m O
trong X
= 8 (gam)
42 gam rn l (Fe + Cu)
205
a = 42 + 8 = 50 gam mCu
du
= 0,256. 50 = 12,8 gam
nCuCl2 = x mol= 2 x + 2 y 1 = x 0,15 mol

=
nFeCl 2
y mol 64 x + 56 y + 12,8
= 42 =
y 0,35 mol
Cu= 0,15.64 + 12,8
= 22, 4 gam Chn D
Bi 13. Oxi ho 13,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi thu c m gam hn hp 2 oxit .
ho tan hon ton m gam oxit ny cn 500 ml dd H 2 SO 4 1 M . Tnh m .
A. 18,4 g B. 21,6 g C. 23,45 g D. Kt qu khc
n H+ =1 n H 2O =trong Oxit
nO =
0,5 mol
m ( KL, O)
n

BTKL

= m = 13, 6 + 0,5.16
= 21, 6 gam
.v
Bi 14. Ho tan 10g hn hp bt Fe v Fe 2 O 3 bng mt lng dd HCl va (gi
s khng c phn ng gia Fe v Fe3+), thu c 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc) v dd A cho
om
NaOH d vo thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i c m gam cht rn th gi tr ca m l:
A. 12g B. 11,2g C. 12,2g D. 16g
= n H2 0, 05 mol =
BTE
n Fe 0, 05 mol
BTKL

.c
n Fe = 0, 05 mol
n Fe2O3 = 0, 045 mol
ok

=BTNT
m = 0, 07.160 11, 2 gam
Bi 15. t chy ht 2,86 gam hn hp kim loi gm Al, Fe, Cu c 4,14 gam
bo
hn hp 3 oxit. ho tan ht hn hp oxit ny, phi dng ng 0,4 lt dung dch

HCl v thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dich X th khi lng mui khan l bao
et
nhiu?
A. 9,45 gam B.7,49 gam C. 8,54 gam D. 6,45 gam
vi

BTKL
m O = 4,14 =
trong Oxit
2,86 1, 28 n O = 0, 08 mol =
trong Oxit
n Cl 0,16 mol
m(KL,=
ng

BTKL
=m Cl ) 2,86 + 0,16.35,5
= 8,54 gam
a
BI TP RN LUYN
kh
Cu 1. Cho 6,94 gam hn hp gm 1 oxit st v nhm ho tan hon ton trong 100
ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 1,8M to thnh 0,03 mol H 2 v dung dch A. Bit lng
H 2 SO 4 ly d 20% so vi lng phn ng. Cng thc ca oxit st l:
A. FeO. B. Fe 3 O 4 . C. Fe 2 O 3 . D. khng xc nh.
Cu 2. Hn hp X gm F2 O3 , CuO, Al 2 O3 . ha tan va 29,1 gam hn hp X
cn 2,2 lt dd HCl 0,5 M. Ly 0,125 mol hn h X cho tc dng hon ton vi H 2 d
(nung nng) thu c 3,6 gam H 2 O . Phn trm khi lng Fe2 O3 trong X l:
A. 42,90% B. 55%. C. 54,98%. D. 57,10%
206
Cu 3. Ho tan va mt lng hiroxit kim loi M (c ho tr II) trong dung

dch H 2 SO 4 20% thu c dung dch mui c nng 27,21%. Kim loi M l:
A. Fe. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Cu.
Cu 4. Ha tan hn hp X gm 3,2 gam Cu v 23,2 gam Fe 3 O 4 bng lng d
dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo Y
thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c m
gam cht rn. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 28,0. B. 26,4 C. 27,2. D. 24,0.
Cu 5. Hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 . Cho m gam X vo dung dch
H 2 SO 4 long d thu c dung dch Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau.
- Phn I tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch KMnO 4 0,5M.
n
- Phn II ha tan ti a 6,4 gam Cu.
.v
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,2 B. 34,8. C. 104. D. 52.
om
Cu 6. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp bt gm Mg, Al, Al 2 O 3 v MgO bng 800 ml
dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,5M v H 2 SO 4 0,75M (va ). Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch X v 4,48 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 88,7
.c
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 26,5 gam . B. 35,6 gam. C. 27,7 gam. D. 32,6 gam.
ok
Cu 7. Ha tan MO bng dung dch H 2 SO 4 24,5% va thu c dung dch
MSO 4 c nng 33,33%. Oxit kim loi dng l:
bo
A. ZnO. B. CaO. C. MgO. D. CuO.

Cu 8. Hn hp M gm CuO v Fe 2 O 3 c khi lng 9,6 gam c chia thnh hai
phn bng nhau (ng trong hai cc).Cho phn 1 tc dng vi 100ml dung dch
et
HCl a(M),khuy u; sau khi phn ng kt thc, lm bay hi mt cch cn thn thu
c 8,1 gam cht rn khan. Cho phn 2 tc dng vi 200 ml HCl a(M),khuy u,
vi
sau khi kt thc phn ng li lm bay hi thu c 9,2 gam cht rn khan.Gi tr
ng
ca a l:
A.1 B.1,2 C. 0,75 D. 0,5
Cu 9. Cho m gam X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 vo 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M,
a
sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt H 2 (ktc), dung dch Y, v 2,8 gam Fe khng tan.
kh
Gi tr m l:
A. 27,2. B. 25,2. C. 22,4. D. 30,0.
Cu 10. Oxi ha hon ton 14,3 gam hn hp bt kim loi gm Mg, Al v Zn bng
oxi d thu c 22,3 gam hn hp cc oxit. Cho lng oxit ny tc dng vi dd
HCl d th khi lng hn hp mui khan to thnh l:
A.57,8 gam B. 32,05 gam C. 49,8 gam D. 50,8 gam
Cu 11. Cho m gam hn hp Al, Al 2 O 3 , Al(OH) 3 tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4
19,6% va thu c dung dch X c nng % l 21,302% v 3,36 lt H 2
(ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c 80,37 gam mui khan. m c gi tr l:
207
Cu 12. t chy m gam hn hp bt X gm Al, Cu, Fe v Mg vi O 2 d, thu

c 10,04 gam hn hp cht rn Y. ha tan hon ton Y cn 520 ml dung dch
HCl 1M. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,88. B. 5,72. C. 5,28. D. 6,28.
Cu 13. Cho 0,1 mol O 2 tc dng ht vi 14,4 gam kim loi M (ho tr khng i),
thu c cht rn X. Ha tan ton b X bng dung dch HCl d, thu c 13,44 lt
kh H 2 (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Fe. D. Al.
Cu 14. Hn hp X gm: CuO, FeO v Fe 3 O 4 . Dn kh CO d qua 4,56 gam hn
hp X nung nng. em ton b lng CO 2 to ra cho hp th vo dung dch
Ba(OH) 2 thu c 5,91 gam kt ta v dung dch Y. un nng Y li thu thm 3,94
n
gam kt ta. Cho 4,56 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi dung dch H 2 SO 4
.v
0,1M thu c dung dch cha m gam mui. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 11,28. B. 7,20. C. 10,16. D. 6,86.
Cu 15. Cho 30,7 gam hn hp Na, K, Na 2 O, K 2 O tc dng vi dd HCl va thu
c 2,464 lt H 2 (ktc) v dung dch cha 22,23 gam NaCl v x gam KCl. Gi tr
ca x l:
A. 32,78 B. 35,76
.c
C. 34,27 D. 31,29
ok
Cu 16. Trn 2,43 gam Al vi 9,28 gam Fe 3 O 4 ri nung nng cho phn ng xy ra
mt thi gian, lm lnh c hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Al 2 O 3 , FeO v Fe 3 O 4 . Cho
ton b X phn ng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,352 lt H 2 (ktc) v dung
bo
dch Y. C cn Y c a gam mui khan. Xc nh gi tr ca a?

A. 27,965 B. 18,325 C. 16,605 D. 28,326
et
Cu 17.Hn hp A gm 32,8 (g) Fe v Fe 2 O 3 c t l mol l 3:1 ha tan A trong

V (lt) dung dch HCl 1M . sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thy cn li 2,8 (g) cht
vi
rn khng tan. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,6. B. 1,2. C. 0,9. D. 1,1.
ng
Cu 18. Ha tan 30,7 gam hn hp Fe v Fe 2 O 3 trong dung dch HCl cho n khi
ht axit th ch cn li 2,1 gam kim loi v thu c dung dch X cng 2,8 lt kh (
a
ktc). Khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:

kh

Cu 19. ha tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO,Fe 3 O 4 v Fe 2 O 3 (trong
s mol FeO bng s mol Fe 2 O 3 ), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi
tr ca V l:
A. 0,16 B. 0,18 C. 0,23 D. 0,08
Cu 20. Nung 16 gam hn hp G gm: Al, Mg, Zn, Cu trong bnh ng oxi d thu
c m gam hn hp oxit X. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp oxit cn 160 ml
dung dch HCl 3,5M. Gi tr m l:
A. 27,6. B. 24,96. C. 18,24. D. 20,48.
208
Cu 21. t chy hon ton 10,3 gam hn hp X (Al, Mg, Cu) trong O 2 d thu
c m gam hn hp Y gm cc xit kim loi. Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp
Y trn trong dd H 2 SO 4 va thu c 39,1 (g) mui sunfat. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 13,5. B. 16,7. C. 15,1. D. 12,7.
Cu 22. Chia 156,8 gam hn hp L gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 thnh hai phn bng
khan. Phn th hai tc dng va vi dung dch M l hn hp HCl, H 2 SO 4 long
thu c 167,9 gam mui khan. S mol ca HCl trong dung dch M l:
Cu 23. Ho tan 7,68 g hn hp Fe 2 O 3 v Cu trong dung dch HCl khi axit ht
ngi ta thy cn li 3,2 gam Cu d. Khi lng ca Fe 2 O 3 ban u l:
n
.v
Cu 24. Cho 5,36 gam hn hp X gm FeO,Fe 2 O 3 ,Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d. Sau khi cc phn ng xty ra hon c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c
om
3,81 gam FeCl 2 v m gam FeCl 3 . Gi tr ca m l:
A.7,80 B. 4 C.6,5 D. 2,4375
Cu 25. Ha tan hyroxit kim loi M ha tr II khng i vo dung dch H 2 SO 4
.c
nng 25% va thu c dung dch mui c nng 32,65%. Hyroxit kim
loi dng l:
ok
A. Cu(OH) 2 B. Pb(OH) 2 C. Mg(OH) 2 D. Zn(OH) 2
Cu 26. Ha tan ht 24,6 gam hn hp X gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo dung
dch HCl d, thu c 55,5 gam mui. Kim loi M l:
bo
A. Mg. B. Ca. C. Zn. D. Ba.

Cu 27. Cho 30 gam hh Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg tc dng vi O 2 nhit cao thu
et
c 38 gam cht rn X. Lng cht rn X phn ng va vi V ml dd HCl 2M,

thu c 2,24 lit kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l:
vi
A. 350 B. 1100 C. 225 D. 600

Cu 28. Ha tan 14 gam hn hp Cu, Fe 3 O 4 vo dung dch HCl, sau phn ng cn
ng
d 2,16 gam hn hp cht rn v dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch

AgNO 3 d th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon
a
ton.
kh
A. 47,42. B. 12,96. C. 45,92. D. 58,88.

Cu 29. Cho hn hp gm 16,0 gam Fe 2 O 3 , 16,0 gam Cu v 10,8 gam Ag vo 200
ml dung dch HCl th thu c dung dch X v 26,0 gam cht rn khng tan Y.
Cho AgNO 3 d vo dung dch X th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 30. Cho hn hp A gm 14 gam Fe v 23,2 gam Fe 3 O 4 vo dung dch
H 2 SO 4 long d thu c 88,4 gam mui sunfat v kh H 2 . Th tch kh H 2 (ktc)
thot ra l:
A. 3,36 lit B. 4,48 lit C. 5,6 lit D. 2,24 lit
209
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn p n C
0,18
n axit 0,18 n axit
= pha n ng
= = 0,15mol ;=
n H 0,03mol
BTE

= n Al 0,02 mol
120% 2
n H2 = 0, 03 mol n H2O = 0,15 0, 03 = 0,12 mol = n Otrong Oxit

BTKL
=
m Fe 6, 94 0, 02.27 0,12.16
= 4, 48gam =n Fe 0, 08 mol Fe2 O3
Cu 2. Chn p n C
1
n Fe2O3 = a mol n= n + 3a + b + =
3c 0,55
n
O
2 H

.v
29,1gam n CuO= b mol 160a + 80b + 102c= 29,1
n k(a + b + c) =
Al2O3 = c mol
0,125
om

a = 0,1mol

k(3a + b)= n H2O= 0, 2 mol b= 0,1mol C .c
c = 0, 05 mol

ok
Cu 3. Chn p n D
M + 96
= 0,2721 = M 64
bo
Gi s c 1 mol axit
490 + M + 2.17
Cu 4. Chn p n A
n Cu = 0, 05 mol n CuO = 0, 05 mol
et
m m=
28g
= n Fe3O4 0,1mol = n Fe 0,3 mol n Fe2O3 = 0,15 mol
BTNT
vi
Cu 5. Chn p n C
ng
X n Fe2+ = a mol
= a 0,=2.0,5.5 a 0,5 mol

BTE

= 2 n Fe3+ b mol = 0,1.2 b= b 0, 2 mol
a
n Fe2+ = 1mol
kh

X n= Fe3+
0, 4 mol = m 104 gam

n O = 1, 6 mol
Cu 6. Chn p n A
210
n + = 1,6 mol 1,6 0,4

H BTNT hidro
= n H O = 0,6 mol
n
H2 = 0,2 mol 2
2

m

Kim loai
88,7 n Cl = 0,4 mol m Kim loai = 16,9g

n SO24 = 0,6 mol
m= m kim loai + m O= 16,9 + 0,6.16= 26,5g
Cu 7. Chn p n D
Axit l va ta gi s s mol axit phn ng l 1 mol ngay.
n
axit
.v
1.98
mdd 0, 245 400 1 M 96
Khi c ngay: M 64
3 400 M 16
om
nMO 1 mol
Cu 8. Chn p n B
D thy HCl cc 1 thiu .c
HCl cc 2 tha
ok
0,1a
C ngay: 4,8 + 0,1a.36,5 = 8,1 + 18 a = 1, 2
2
Cu 9. Chn p n D
bo
n HCl= 0,8 mol n FeCl2= 0, 4 mol

n HCl = 0,8 mol BTNT hidro
et
0,8 0, 2
n = 0,1mol = n H2O = 0,3 mol
H2 2
vi
=
m 0, 4.56 + 2,8g
mX = 30g Fe
ng
m O = 0,3.16 g
Cu 10. Chn p n C
a
22,3 14,3
n O= = 0,5 mol n Cl= 1mol m= 49,8g
kh

16
Cu 11. Chn p n B
m Al=2 (SO 4 )3
80,37g n Al=2 (SO 4 )3
0, 235 mol
BT mol ion
= =
n SO2 0, 705 mol n H2SO4
4
0,705.98
m dd
H 2 SO 4= = 352,5g
0,196
80,37 80,37

=BTKL
0,21302 = = m 25, 088g
352,5 + m m H2 352,5 + m 0,3
Cu 12. Chn p n A
Ta c :
211
BTNT.H
m +=
m Ophan ng 10,04g;
= n H+ 0,52 mol = nH O =
n Otrong oxit 0,26 mol
2
m = 10,04 0,26.16
= 5,88 g
Cu 13. Chn p n D
14, 4n
n e = 0,1.4 + 0, 6.2 = 1, 6 mol M = = 9n Al
1, 6
Cu 14. Chn p n C
0
Ba(HCO3 )2
t
BaCO3 + CO2 + H 2 O
Ch :
0,02 0,02
n

BTNT.cacbon
n CO= n= 0, 02 + 0, 02 + 0, 03
= 0, 07 mol
.v
2 C
V CO + O trong X CO2 n Otrong X =n CO2 =0, 07 mol
om

BTKL
m KL(Fe,Cu)
= 4,56 0, 07.16
= 3, 44g

BTNT.oxi
n Otrong X = n SO2 .c
4
m= m(Fe;Cu;SO 2
4 )= 3, 44 + 0, 07.96= 10,16g
ok
Cu 15. Chn p n A
22, 23
= n Na 0,38 mol
BTNT.Na
=
0,38
bo
58,5

Ta c: 30, 7g n K = a mol
n = b mol
et
O

vi
a + 0,38
= 2b + 0,11.2
BTE
BTKL
ng
39a + 16b = 21,96

a = 0, 44 mol
= x 0, 44(39 + 35,5)
= 32, 78g
a
b = 0,3 mol
kh
Cu 16. Chn p n A
n Al = 0, 09 mol
C ngay:
= n Fe3O4 0, 04 mol
=
BTNT
n Fe 0,12 mol
= n O 0,16 mol
Cho X tc dng vi HCl th H + i u ? N i vo nc v bin thnh H 2 :

= n O 0,16 mol =n H 0,32 mol
nH = n Cl =
0,53 mol
= n H2 0,105 mol
= n H 0, 21mol
=
BTKL
a m(Al;Fe;Cl)
= 2, 43 + 0,12.56 + 0,53.35,5
= 27, 965g
212
Cu 17. Chn p n C
Ch : Do c Fe d nn mui thu c l mui FeCl 2 .
n Fe = 0,3 mol
C ngay: 32,8g Fe = 0, 05 mol
n du
n
2 3
Fe O = 0,1mol

BTNT.Fe
n=
FeCl2 0, 45 mol =
n HCl =
n Cl 0,9 mol
Cu 18. Chn p n C
Fe Quy o i
n Fe = a mol
BTKL
56a + 16b = 28,6
30,7 2,1 28,6g
= BTE
Fe2 O3 n O = b mol = 2a 2b + 0,125.2
n
.v
a = 0, 425 mol

BTKL
=
m Fe 30, 7=
16 14, 7g
= b 0,3 mol
BTNT.O
= trong 30,7
n Fe2O3 0,1mol
om
Cu 19. Chn p n D
n FeO = a mol
Quy i 2,32g a = 0, 01mol
.c
n Fe2O3 = a mol
= = n H2O n=
ok
BTNT.hidro
n O 0, 04 mol HCl 0, 08 mol
Cu 20. Chn p n D
bo
Ta c:=n H+ 0,56 mol

BTNT
=
n H2O 0, 28 n Otrong
= oxit
0, 28 mol

BTKL
=
m 16 + 0, 28.16
= 20, 48g
et
Cu 21. Chn p n C
lm nhanh cc bi ton dng ny cc bn tng tng rng khi cho oxit vo
vi
axit th H+ s cp oxi ca oxit bin thnh H 2 O. Do , c ngay:

ng

BTKL
=
39,1 10,3 + m SO2 m
= SO2
28,8 =
n H2 = =
n SO2 n Otrong oxit
0,3 mol
4 4 4

=m oxit 10,3 + 0,3.16
BTKL
= 15,1g
a
Cu 22. Chn p n B
kh
Ta x l vi phn 1:
n Fe = a mol n = a mol
78, 4g 155, 4g Fe
= n O b mol =
HCl
n Cl 2b mol n Cl = 2b mol
56a=
+ 16b 78, 4 =a 1mol

BTKL

56a=
+ 71b 155, 4=b 1, 4 mol
213
n = 1(mol)
Fe
BTKL
35,5x + 96y = 111, 9
Vi phn 2: 167, 9g n Cl = x mol BTDT
x +=
2y = 2b 2,8
n SO24 = y mol
x = 1,8 mol
Chn B
y = 0,5 mol
Cu 23. Chn p n A
V 2Fe3+ + Cu 2Fe2 + + Cu 2 + nn ta c ngay:
n Fe2O3 = a mol
n

3, 2 160a + 64a + 3, 2 = 7, 68
BTKL
7, 68g
= +
.v
n
Cu a
64
=
a 0, 02 mol m = 3, 2g Chn A
om
Fe2O3
Cu 24. Chn p n C
Ta dng BTE kt hp BTNT cho bi ny vi ch 2n Otrong X = n Cl
.c trong Y
n FeCl2 = 0, 03 mol BTNT n Fe : 0, 03 + a

Y
ok
n FeCl3 = a mol n Cl : 0, 06 + 3a n O = 0, 03 + 1,5a
trong X
BTKL
= mX = 5,36 56(0, 03 + a) + 16(0, 03 + 1,5a)= a 0, 04 mol =
m 6,5g
bo
Cu 25. Chn p n A
Ta gi s c 1 mol M(OH) 2
et
1.98
n H2SO4 =1mol m Hdd2SO4 = =392g
0, 25
vi
M + 96
%MSO 4 = = 0,3265 M = 64 Cu
ng
392 + M + 34
Cu 26. Chn p n B
Vi bi ton ny ta c th th p n hoc dng phng php chn khong.
a
55,5 24, 6
kh
Nu X ch l kim loi: =n Cl = 0,87 mol = M X 56,55

35,5
M + 16 M + 71
Nu X l oxit: M= 27,78
24,6 55,5
Cu 27. Chn p n D
T duy: Tr li cu hi H trong axit sau cc phn ng n i u ? (H 2 v H 2 O)
214
38 30
n O= = 0,5 mol n H2 O= 0,5 mol 1, 2
16 n H = 1, 2 mol V = = 0, 6 lit
n H = 0,1mol 2
2
Cu 28. Chn p n D
V sau phn ng c hn hp cht rn nn s mol n Cu n Fe O = a mol
pha n ng pha n ng
3 4
n Cu = a mol

BTKL
(14 2,16 ) 64a += =
232a 11,84 a 0, 04 mol
n Fe3O4 = a mol
n Fe2+= 0, 04.3= 0,12 mol n Ag= 0,12 mol n Ag = 0,12 mol

BTNT
m = 58,88
n
n O= 0, 04.4= 0,16 mol n Cl= 0,32 mol n AgCl= 0,32 mol
.v
Cu 29. Chn p n B
om
Cht khng tan s gm c 3 cht Fe 2 O 3 ,Cu v Ag
Do cht rn b tan s l:
= n Fe O a mol .c n Fe2+ = 0,15 mol
=
42,8 26 16,8 2 3 = a 0, 075 mol
n Cu = a mol n Cl = 0, 45 mol
ok
n Ag = 0,15 mol
m= 80, 775g
n AgCl = 0, 45 mol
bo
Cu 30. Chn p n B
Ta c:
et
n Fe = 0, 25 mol BTNT.Fe 88, 4 0,55.56

A = n SO2 = 0, 6 mol = n H 1, 2 mol
Fe3O4
n = 0,1mol 4
96
vi
=
BTNT.H
1, 2 0,1.4.2 + 2n H2 =
n H2 0, 2 mol=
V 4, 48lt
ng
CON NG T DUY S 3
a
GII BI TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI HCl,

kh
H 2 SO 4 (long)
Con ng t duy :
Thc cht loi ton ny ch cn p dng BTNT v BTKL.Vi cc cu hi l :
H+ trong axit bin i u?Mui gm nhng thnh phn no?
Cu tr li s l: H + trong axit bin thnh H 2 .
ng thi kim loi kt hp vi gc axit tng ng ( Cl ;SO 24 ) to mui.
Ch : Mt s bi ton cn ch ti s chnh lch s mol e nhng (nhn).
HNG DN VN DNG
215
Cu 1. Ho tan hon ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg Zn bng mt lng va

H 2 SO 4 long thy thot 1,344 lt H 2 ktc v dung dch cha m gam mui.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,27g B. 8,98g C.7,25g D. 9,52g
=n H2 0, 06 mol =n SO2 0, 06 mol
BTKL
= m 3,22 + 0, 06.96
= 8,98g
4
Cu 2. Ha tan ht 6,3 gam hn hp gm Mg v Al trong va 150 ml dung dch

gm HCl 1M v H 2 SO 4 1,5M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 30,225 g B. 33,225g C. 35,25g D. 37,25g
n SO2 = 0, 225 mol BTKL

4
= m 6,3 + 0, 225.96 + 0,15.35,5
= 33, 225g
n
Cl = 0,15 mol
n
.v
Cu 3. Ho tan 17,5 gam hp kim Zn Fe Al vo dung dch HCl thu c Vlt
H 2 ktc v dung dch A C cn A thu c 31,7 gam hn hp mui khan . Gi tr
om
V l?
A. 1,12 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 4,48 lt D. Kt qu khc

BTKL
=m Cl 31,7 =17,5 14,2 g .c
=
n Cl 0, 4 mol =
BTNT
n H2 0, 2 mol
= V 4, 48 lit Chn C
ok
Cu 4: Ha tan hon ton 2,0 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Fe, Zn vo dung dch
HCl, sau phn ng thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc). Mt khc, cng cho 2,0 gam X tc
bo
dng ht vi clo d thu c 5,763 gam hn hp mui. Phn trm khi lng ca
Fe trong X l:
A. 22,4%. B. 19,2%. C. 16,8%. D. 14,0%.
et
Ch : S khc bit v s OXH ca Fe trong hai th nghim l +2 v +3.

Do c ngay n 2e n1e =
vi
n Fe
5, 763 2
ng
=
n H2 0, 05 mol
= n1e 0,1mol; =
n Cl = 0,106=
mol n 2e
35,5
n 2e n1e = n Fe = 0,006 %Fe = 16,8%
a
BI TP RN LUYN
kh
Cu 1.Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng vi CO d, un

nng thu c 28,7 gam hn hp X (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). Cho X tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt kh H 2 (ktc). V c gi tr l:
A. 4,48 lt. B. 11,2 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 6,72 lt.
Cu 2. Cho 12 gam hn hp (Al, Zn, Fe) tc dng dung dch HCl d thot ra 0,8
gam H 2 v c m gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 40,4. B. 42,6. C. 43,8. D. 44,2.
Cu 3. Cho 18,2 gam hn hp (Fe,Al, Mg) tc dng va vi dung dch cha
HCl v H 2 SO 4 t l mol 2:1 thy thot ra 15,68 (lt) H 2 (ktc) v c m gam hn
hp mui. Gi tr ca m l:
216
A. 54,425. B. 47,425. C. 43,835. D. 64,215.

Cu 4. Hoa tan hoan toan 22,30 gam hn hp X gm crom va thic vao dung dich
HCl d thu c 6,72 lit H 2 (ktc). S mol O 2 cn dung t chay hoan toan
11,15 gam X la:
A. 0,150. B. 0,125. C. 0,100. D. 0,075.
Cu 5. t chy 3,834 gam mt kim loi M trong kh clo, thu c 16,614 gam cht
rn X. Ha tan hon ton X trong dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch Y. C cn cn
thn dung dch Y, thu c 18,957 gam cht rn khan. Kim loi M l:
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Be. D. Ca.
Cu 6. Th tch kh thot ra ktc khi cho 0,4 mol Fe tan ht vo dung dch
H 2 SO 4 (long) ly d l:
n
A.5,6 lt B.6,72 lt C.8,96 lt D.13,44 lt.
.v
Cu 7. Hn hp X gm Al v Fe. Ha tan ht 22,2 gam hn hp X vao dung dch
cha 0,8 mol H 2 SO 4 (long) thu c dd Y v 13,44 lt H 2 ktc. Cho dd Y tc
om
dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ly d thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca X l:
A.197,5gam B.213,4gam C.227,4gam D.254,3gam.
Cu 8. Ha tan 9,14 gam hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch
.c
HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc) v 2,54 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b
cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui khan l:
ok
A. 31,45 gam. B. 33,99 gam C. 19,025 gam D. 56,3 gam
Cu 9. Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung
bo
dch H 2 SO 4 10% thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu
c sau phn ng l
et
A. 101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam.

C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam.
vi
Cu 10. Cho 3,87 gam Mg v Al vo 200ml dung dch X gm HCl v H 2 SO 4

(d) thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lt H 2 ktc. Phn trm khi lng ca Mg v
ng
Al trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 72,09% v 27,91%. B. 62,79% v 37,21%.
a
C. 27,91% v 72,09%. D. 37,21% v 62,79%.

Cu 11. Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu
kh
c dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H 2 SO 4 , t

l mol tng ng 4:1. Trung ha dung dch X bng dung dch Y, tng khi lng
cc mui c to ra l:
Cu 12. Cho 20,4 gam hn hp A gm Al, Zn v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl
d, thu c 10,08 lt H 2 . Mt khc 0,2 mol A tc dng va vi 6,16 lt Cl 2 .
Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca Al trong hn hp A (bit kh o ktc):
A. 26,47% B. 19,85% C. 33,09% D. 13,24%
217
Cu 13. Cho 4,6 gam Na vo cc cha 45,6 gam nc, sau khi phn ng hon ton
thu c dung dch A. Nng % ca dung dch A l:
A. 12,35% B. 16% C. 15,936% D. 9,2%
Cu 14. Chia hn hp X gm Cu v Zn thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy cn li 1 gam khng tan.
- Phn 2 luyn thm 4 gam Al th c hp kim Y trong hm lng % ca
Zn trong Y gim 33,33% so vi X
Tnh thnh phn % ca Cu trong hp kim X bit rng nu ngm hp kim Y
trong dung dch NaOH mt thi gian th th tch kh H 2 vt qu 6 lt ( ktc)
A. 50% B. 16,67% C. 25% D. 37,5%
n
Cu 15. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Zn (c cng s mol) tc dng bi dd
HCl d thu c dd Y v V1 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc oxi ha m gam hn hp X
.v
cn V2 lit Cl 2 (ktc). Bit V1 V2 = 2,016 lt. C cn dung dch Y thu c bao
om
nhiu gam mui khan:
A. 71,370 B. 57,096 C. 35,865 D. 85,644
.c
Cu 16. Ha tan ht 15,55 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Al v Zn vo dung dch
HCl d, sau phn ng thu c 0,4 mol H 2 . Mt khc, nu oxi ha hon ton hn
ok
hp X trn trong O 2 d, thu c 23,15 gam cht rn Y. Phn trm khi lng ca
Fe trong X l:
bo
A. 54,02%. B. 36,01%. C. 81,03%. D. 64,82%.

Cu 17. Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm Mg v Fe vo 200 ml dung dch cha
CuCl 2 0,5M v HCl 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam
et
hn hp Y gm hai kim loi. Khi lng ca Mg trong m gam hn hp X l:

vi
Cu 18. Ha tan ht m gam hai kim loi Na, K c s mol bng nhau vo 500 ml
dung dch cha HCl 1M v H 2 SO 4 1M thu c dung dch X. Bit 1/5 dung dch X
ng
ha tan ti a 1,02 gam nhm oxit, gi tr ca m l

A. 37,2 hoc 49,6. B. 44,64 hoc 47,12.
a
C. 43,1 hoc 4,805. D. 18,86 hoc 24,8.

kh
Cu 19. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dung

dch H 2 SO 4 20% (long), thu c dung dch Y. Nng ca MgSO 4 trong dung
dch Y l 15,22%. Nng phn trm ca ZnSO 4 trong dung dch Y l:
A. 10,21%. B. 15,16%. C. 18,21%. D.15,22%.
Cu 20. Cho 7,02 gam hn hp bt Al, Fe,v Cu vo bnh A cha dung dch HCl
d thu c kh B. Lng kh B c dn qua ng s ng CuO nung nng ly
d,thy khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 2,72 gam. Thm vo bnh A(cha cc
cht sau phn ng) lng d mt mui natri ,un nng thu c 0,04 mol mt kh
khng mu,ha nu trong khn kh. % khi lng Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 7,98% B. 15,95% C. 79.77% D. 39.89%
218
Cu 21. Cho 16 g hn hp A c Fe, Mg, Al, Zn vo dung dch HCl d, thu c

8,96 lit H 2 (ktc). Cho 16g hn hp A tc dng vi Cl 2 d thu 46,104 g mui. Vy
% Fe trong hn hp l:
A. 22,4%. B. 19,2 %. C. 14,0%. D. 16,8%.
Cu 22. Cho m gam hn hp cha 0,1 mol Cu v 0,1 mol Fe 3 O 4 vo dung dch
cha HCl va c dung dch X. Cho AgNO 3 d vo X c a gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca a l:
Cu 23. Cho mt mu kim loi R tan hon ton trong 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M
thu c dung dch X v 2,016 lt H 2 ( ktc). Cho dung dch AgNO 3 d vo dung
dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta? (Bit AgOH khng tn ti, trong nc
n
to thnh Ag 2 O):
.v
om
Cu 24. Hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim c cng s mol. Ho tan 2,3 gam X
trong 50 gam nc thu c 52,2 gam dung dch. Hai kim loi kim l:
A. Li v Rb B. Na v K C. Li v K D. Li v Na
Cu 25. Cho 24,3 gam X gm Mg, Zn tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 aM
.c
thu c 8,96 lt H 2 (ktc). Nu cho 24,3 gam hn hp X trn tc dng vi 400 ml
dung dch H 2 SO 4 aM th thu c 11,2 (l) H 2 (ktc). Gi tr a l:
ok
A. 2,5. B. 1,25. C. 2. D. 1,5.
Cu 26. Cho 18,2 gam hn hp X gm cc kim loi Cr, Fe, Cu tc dng vi lng
bo
d dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, nng (trong iu kin khng c khng kh), thu c
dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 5,6 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). Nu cho 18,2 gam hn hp X
et
tc dng vi lng d dung dch H 2 SO 4 c, ngui th thu c 1,68 lt kh SO 2 (

ktc). Thnh phn % v khi lng ca crom v ng trong hn hp X l:
vi
A. 42,86% v 26,37% B. 48,21% v 42,56%

C. 42,86% v 48,21% D. 48,21% v 9,23%
ng
Cu 27. Ha tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo
200 ml dung dch HCl 1,25M thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng
a
mol/l bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong hn hp X l:

kh
A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Mg v Sr D. Be v Ca.
Cu 28. Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit
HCl 1M v axit H 2 SO 4 0,5M, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 5,32 lt H 2
(ktc) v dung dch Y (coi th tch dung dch khng i). B qua s thu phn ca
cc mui, dung dch Y c pH l
A. 2. B. 7. C. 6. D. 1.
Cu 29. Cho 6,9 gam Na vo 100,0 ml dung dch HCl thu c dung dch X cha
14,59 gam cht tan. Cho dung dch X vo dung dch AgNO 3 d thu c bao
nhiu gam kt ta?
A. 37,58 B. 39,20 C. 40,76 D. 38,65
219
Cu 30. Khi cho 2,00 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn v Fe phn ng hon ton
vi lng d dung dch HCl th thu c 1,12 lt kh hidro (ktc). Nu cho 2,00
gam hn hp X nh trn phn ng hon ton vi lng d kh Cl 2 th thu c
5,763 gam hn hp mui. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca Fe c trong hn hp X
l:
A. 22,40%. B. 16,80%. C. 19,20%. D. 8,40%.
n
.v
P N V GII CHI TIT
om
Cu 1. Chn p n A
31, 9 28, 7
=
BTKL
n O = 0, 2 mol
16 .c

BTE

= 2n O 2.n H2
= n H2 0, 2 mol=
V 4, 48(lit)
ok
Cu 2. Chn p n A
0,8
Ta c: n H2 = = 0, 4 mol n Cl = 0,8 mol
bo
2

BTKL
=
m 12 + 0,8.35,5
= 40, 4g
et
Cu 3. Chn p n B
n HCl = 0,35mol
Ta c: m(Kim loai, SO
vi
BTNT.H BTKL
= n H 0,7 mol = m 2
, Cl )
2
n = 0,175mol 4
H2SO4
ng
m= 18, 2 + 0,35.35,5 + 0,175.96= 47, 425g

Cu 4. Chn p n B
a
Ta c ngay:
22,3 n Cr= 0, 2 mol n Cr2O3= 0,1mol
n = a mol 52a + 119b =
kh
22,3 Cr
n=
Sn b mol 2a + =
2b 0,3.2 n=
Sn 0,1mol n SnO
= 2
0,1mol
0,1.3 + 0,1.2

=
BTNT.oxi
n O2
= 0, 25 mol
2
Cu 5. Chn p n B
18,957 3,834
= Ta c: nCl = 0, 426 mol
35,5
3,834.3
Thy ngay : = 27 Al
0, 426
220
Cu 6. Chn p n C

BTE
=
n H2 =
n Fe 0, 4 mol
= V 8, 96 lit
Cu 7. Chn p n B
=
n H SO 0,8mol n = 0,2 mol n Fe(OH)2 0,3mol
Ta c ngay : 2 4 Al x=213, 4
= =
n H2 0,6 mol n Fe 0,3mol = n BaSO4 0,8mol
Cu 8. Chn p n A
Ch : Cu khng tan trong HCl.
= n H2 0,35 mol =
n Cl 0, 7 mol
BTKL
= m 9,14 2,54 + 0, 7.35,5
Ta c:
= 31, 45g
n
.v
Cu 9. Chn p n C
om
0,1.98
n H= 0,1mol n axit= 0,1mol m axit
dd
= = 98 (gam)
Ta c: 2
0,1
BTKL
m sau
dd
pha n ng
= 98 + 3,68 0,1.2
= 101,48g
.c
Cu 10. Chn p n D
ok
n Mg = a mol
Ta c: 3,87 n H2 = 0,195 mol
n Al = b mol
bo

BTKL
=
24a + 27b =3,87 a 0, 06 mol
BTE %Mg =
37,21%
2a + 3b= 0,195.2 b = 0, 09 mol
et
Cu 11. Chn p n C
vi
n=H2 0,12 mol n OH=

0, 24 mol

= 4a mol
Ta c: n HCl 4a + 2a
= 0, 24 =
a 0, 04 mol
ng
n
H2SO4 = a mol
m= 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96= 18,46
a
Cu 12. Chn p n D
kh
n=H2 0, 45 mol n=
Cl
0, 9 mol
n Al = a mol 27a + 65b + 56c = 20, 4

20, 4 n Zn= b mol 3a + 2b + 2c= 0, 9

n Fe = c mol k(a + b + c) =0, 2
a = 0,1mol

BTE : 3ka + 2kb + 3kc= 0,55 b= 0,1mol
c = 0, 2 mol

221
Cu 13. Chn p n B
n NaOH = 0, 2 mol 0, 2.40
n Na =0, 2 mol %NaOH = =16%
n H2 = 0,1mol 45, 6 + 4, 6 0,1.2
Cu 14. Chn p n A
m = m gam m
Phn 1: Zn %Zn =
m Cu = 1gam m +1
m Al = 4 g
m m 1 m = 1gam
Phn 2: m=
Zn
m gam %Zn
= =
m = 1g 5 + m m + 1 3 m = 5(loa i)
n
Cu
.v
Cu 15. Chn p n A:
2V2 =2V1 =
BTE
n Fe 0,18 mol
om
m= 71,37g
n=
Cl
0,18(3 + 2 +=2) 1, 26 mol
Cu 16. Chn p n A .c
y l 1 bi ton BTE tm thng s mol Fe chnh lch s mol e nhn.
n H2 =0, 4 n e =0,8 mol
ok

Ta c: 23,15 15,55 n Fe =
0,15 mol
=nO = 0, 475 mol =
n e 0, 95 mol

bo
16
Cu 17. Chn p n C
n = 0,1mol
et
m Y= m Cu 24a + 56b= 0,1.64 + 56c (1)

n Mg = a mol n Fe = c mol
vi
mX = m
n Fe = b mol dung dch n CuCl2 = 0,1mol n =
0,4 mol
ng
Cl
n HCl = 0,2 mol
n MgCl = a mol
a
BTNT clo
dd sau pha n ng 2
2a + 2b 2c = 0,4 mol
n
FeCl2 = b c
kh
T c ngay a = 0,15 mol

Cu 18. Chn p n A
Nhn nhanh cc p n thy tt c u c hai trng hp v :
n H+= 0,5 + 1= 1,5 mol
X
=
n Al2O3 0,=
01.5 0, 05 mol
Nu Axit d:
222
n XAl=
2 O3
= 0, 05 mol =
0, 01.5 n O 0,15 mol
BTNT.oxi
n=
H2 O 0,15 n=
du
H+
0,3 mol
n K = 0, 6 mol
n pu
= n OH=
H+ 1,5 0,3
= 1, 2 mol
BT mol ion
m
= 37, 2
n Na = 0, 6 mol
C p n A nn ta khng cn th trng hp OH d na
Cu 19. Chn p n A
n Mg = a mol
Ta c: n X = 1 n axit = 1mol m axit
dd = 490g
n Zn = b mol
a + b =
1
a = 0, 667 mol
a(24 + 96)
n
0,1522 = b = 0,333 mol
490 + 24a + 65b 2
.v
om
Cu 20. Chn p n B
n Al = a mol m= m O n H= n=
O 0,17 mol 3a + 2b
= 0,17.2

2

7, 02g n Fe = b mol 27a + 56b + 64c= 7, 02.c

n Cu = c mol b + 2c = 0, 04.3
ok
a = 0,1mol

=
b 0, 02 mol %Fe
= 15, 95%
bo
c = 0, 05 mol

Cu 21. Chn p n D
et
thy ch c Fe thay i ha tr t 2 sang 3 trong 2 th nghim do .S

mol Fe chnh l hiu s mol e trong 2 th nghim.
vi
n H2 = 0, 4 n e = 0,8 mol

ng
C ngay: 46,104 16 n Fe =n e =0, 048 mol %Fe =

16.8%
= n Cl = 0,848 mol
35,5
a
Cu 22. Chn p n C
kh
n Cu2+ : 0,1mol
Ag : 0,3 mol
n Cu= n Fe3+ X n Fe2+ : 0,3 mol =
a 147, 2
AgCl : 0,8 mol
n Cl : 0,8 mol
Cu 23. Chn p n B
thy s mol H 2 ln hn H+ do R phi tc dng vi nc sinh ra H 2 :C
ngay
n HCl = 0,1mol AgCl : 0,1mol
n OH= 0, 08 m= 23, 63
n H2 = 0, 09 mol Ag 2 O : 0, 04 mol
223
Cu 24. Chn p n C
Ta c:
BTKL
2,3=
+ 50 52, 2 + m H2 =
n H2 0, 05
= n X 0,1mol
K : 39
A.0,05 + B.0,05 = 2,3 A + B = 46
Li : 7
Cu 25. Chn p n C
Do lng kh th nghim 2 thot ra ln hn th nghim 1 v nh hn 2 ln
th nghim 1.Nn th nghim 1 kim loi d.Th nghim 2 axit d.
0, 4
Vi th nghim 1: n H2 = 0, 4 n axit = 0, 4 a = [ H 2 SO 4 ] = =2
0,2
n
Cu 26. Chn p n A
.v
Ch : Fe,Cr,Al th ng (khng tc dng) vi H 2 SO 4 c ngui.
=
n SO2 0,075
BTE
= n Cu 0,075 . Do :
om
n Fe : a mol
BTE + BTKL 56a += 52b 13, 4 = a 0,1mol
18, 2 n Cr : b mol
=2a + 2b 0,5 = b 0,15 mol
n : 0, 075 mol
Cu
.c
ok
0,15.52 0, 075.64
%Cr = = 42,86% %Cu = = 26,37%
18, 2 18, 2
Cu 27. Chn p n D
bo
Do cc cht c nng mol bng nhau nn s mol cng bng nhau:

0, 2.1, 25
Trng hp HCl d: = n du = 0, 05 mol = n X 0,1mol
et
HCl
5
Nhn thy: 0,05.9 + 0,05.40 = 2,45
vi
Cu 28. Chn p n D
n= 0, 25(1 += 1) 0,5 mol BTNT.H
ng
H+
= n du
H+
0, 025 =H + 0,1 =PH 1
n
H2 = 0, 2375 mol
a
Cu 29. Chn p n D
6,9
kh
Nu Na bin thnh NaCl ht m NaCl = ( 23 + 35,5) = 17,75 > 14,59 (V l).

23
NaCl : a mol = BTNT.Na
a + b 0,3 = a 0,14 mol
Ta c: 14,59 BTKL
NaOH : b mol 58,5a + 40b = 14,59 b = 0,16 mol
AgCl : 0,14 mol
m = 38, 65
AgOH Ag 2 O : 0, 08 mol
Cu 30. Chn p n B
: Trong hai th nghim ha tr ca Fe khc nhau. Do c ngay:
BTNT
n H= 0,05 n Cl=
0,1 m muo=
i
2 + 0,1.35,5
= 5,55
2
224
5,763 5,55 0,006.56

n Fe = n Cl
tan g
= = 0,006 %Fe = = 16,8%
35,5 2
CON NG T DUY S 4
GII BI TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI H 2 SO 4
(c /nng)
Con ng t duy :
gii nhanh bi ton ny cc bn cn phi nh cc phng trnh c bn sau :
2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + H 2 O
4H 2 SO 4 + 6e 3SO24 + S + 4H 2 O
n
5H 2 SO 4 + 8e 4SO24 + H 2 S + 4H 2 O
.v
Trong qu trnh gii ton cn dng thm cc nh lut bo ton .
Ch : Cc bn phn ng trn ch dng khi KIM LOI tc dng vi axit khi c
om
hp cht ca kim loi tc dng vi axit th tuyt i khng dng.
HNG DN VN DNG
.c
Cu 1. Cho Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c kh SO 2 (sn
phm kh duy nht) v 8,28 gam mui. Bit s mol Fe bng 37,5% s mol H 2 SO 4
ok
phn ng. Khi lng Fe tham gia phn ng l:
bo
2H SO + 2e SO2 + SO + H O
2 4
Ta c: FeSO 4 : a mol
4 4 2

n Fe= a + 2b

Fe (SO ) : b mol n SO34 = a + 3b
et
2 4 3
vi
a + 2b
= 0,375 a = 0, 015 mol
2(a + 3b) 0, 045 mol Chn D
n Fe =
ng
152a + 400b = b = 0, 015 mol

8, 28
Cu 2. Ha tan hon ton 16,3 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch
a
H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c 0,55 mol SO 2 . C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu

kh
c mui khan c khi lng l:

Ta c: =
n SO2 0,55 =n SO2 0,55
BTKL
=
m 16,3 + 0,55.96
= 69,1g
4
Cu 3. Ha tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp gm Al v Zn bng H 2 SO 4 c nng thu

c7,616 lt SO 2 (ktc), 0,64 g S v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung
dch X l:
A. 50,3 g B. 30,5 g C. 35,0 g D. 30,05 g.
n SO = 0,34 mol
Ta c: 2 n SO2 = 0,34 + 0, 02.3 = 0, 4 mol
n S = 0, 02 mol 4
225

BTKL
=
m 11, 9 + 0,=
4.96 50,3g
Cu 4. Ha tan 0,1 mol Al v 0,2 mol Cu trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 c d thu c
V lt SO 2 ( 00C, 1 atm). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36 B. 4,48 C. 7,84 D. 5,6
n = 0,1 BTE 0,1.3 + 0, 2.2
Ta c: Al = n SO2 = 0,35= V 7,84 lit
n Cu = 0, 2 2
Cu 5. Cho 5,94g Al tc dng va vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c
1,848 lt sn phm ( X ) c lu hunh ( ktc), mui sunfat v nc. Cho bit ( X )
l kh g trong hai kh SO 2 , H 2 S ?
C. C hai kh
n
A. H 2 S B. SO 2 D. S
n = 0, 22 mol
.v
Ta c: Al
BTE
= 0, 22.3 0, 0825.8 X : H 2 S
n
X = 0, 0825 mol
om
Cu 6. Hn hp X gm Fe v C c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2. Cho 8 gam hn hp
X tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c, nng d th thu c V lt kh ktc. Gi tr
ca V l: .c
A. 16,8 lt. B. 17,92 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 20,16 lt
ok
0,1.3 + 0, 2.4
Fe : 0,1mol BTE+BTNT SO2 : = 0,55 mol
8 2
C : 0, 2 mol CO2 : 0, 2 mol
bo

= V 0,75.22,4= 16,8
Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 0,15 mol Fe vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol H 2 SO 4 c,
et
nng ch thu c kh SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht ca S+6) v dung dch cha m
vi
gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,2. B. 27,6. C. 53,3. D. 22,8.
ng
Ta s dng phng trnh: 2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + 2H 2 O do thy ngay

axit thiu
a
Fe : 0,15 mol

kh
Ta c ngay: m = 27, 6 2 0, 4
SO 4 : 2 = 0, 2 mol
Cu 8. Ha tan m gam Al bng H 2 SO 4 c nng thot ra 4,8 gam SO 2 duy nht.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,35. B. 2,04. C.1,65. D. 2,7.
m
=
Ta c: n SO2 0, 075
BTE
= =
.3 0, 075.2 m 1,35g
27
Cu 9. Ho tan ht a(g) oxit MO (M c ho tr 2 khng i) bng mt lng va
dung dch H 2 SO 4 17,5% thu c dung dch mui c nng 20%. Cho kh
226
CO d i qua ng s ng 12 gam oxit MO thu c m(g) cht rn. Gi tr ca m

l:
Gi s s mol axit l 1.
98
Ta c: m axit =98 m dungaxit
dch
= = 560 n MO =1
0,175
M + 96
Khi : = 0,2 M = 24 (Mg)
560 + M + 16
Cu 10. Cho 7,5 gam Al; Mg tc dng ht vi 80 gam dd H 2 SO 4 98%, thu c
4,48 lt hn hp SO 2 ; H 2 S (ktc) v dd A. Cho dd NaOH 1M vo A n khi lng
n
kt ta khng i na th th tch dd NaOH cn dng l 1,3 lt. Khi lng Al v t
.v
khi hn hp kh so vi H 2 l:
A. 2,7 gam v 20,75 B. 4,05 gam v 24,5
om
C. 2,7 gam v 28,25 D. 5,4 gam v 28,75
n Al = a mol
Ta c:
BTKL
27a + 24b = 7,5
Mg
n = b mol .c
Cu hi t ra y l : Na sau cng bin vo u? Ta c ngay :
ok
n NaAlO2 = a mol
1,3 a
1,3 a = + 0, 2=
a 0,1 mol=
b 0, 2 mol
BTNT.S
0,8
n Na 2SO4 = 2
bo
2
n SO = x mol x + y =0, 2 x =0,15 mol
0, 2 2 BTE
et
n H2S y= mol 2x= + 8y 0,1.3 + 0, 2.2 y 0, 05 mol

vi
M 0,15.64 + 0,05.34
=
hh = 28, 25
H2 2.0, 2
ng
BI TP RN LUYN
a
Cu 1. Hoa tan 2,4g hn hp Cu va Fe co ty l s mol 1:1 vao dung dich H 2 SO 4

kh
c, nong. Kt thuc phan ng thu c 0,05 mol mt san phm kh duy nht co
cha lu huynh. Xac inh san phm o:
A. SO 2 B. H 2 S C. S D. H 2
Cu 2. Thi mt lung CO qua hn hp Fe va Fe 2 O 3 nung nong c cht khi B
va hn hp D gm Fe , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 . Cho B li qua dung dich nc vi
trong d thy tao 6 gam kt tua. Hoa tan D bng H 2 SO 4 c, nong thy tao ra 0,18
mol SO 2 con dung dich E. C can E thu c 24g mui khan. Xac inh thanh phn
% ca Fe:
A. 58,33% B. 41,67% C. 50% D. 40%
227
Cu 3. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp hai kim loai Al va Fe tac dung vi dung dich H 2 SO 4
c d thu c 6,72 lit khi SO 2 (ktc). Khi lng cua mi kim loai trong hn
hp ban u:
A. 2,7g; 5,6g B. 5,4g; 4,8g C. 9,8g; 3,6g D. 1,35g; 2,4g
Cu 4. m gam bt st ngoai khng khi , sau mt thi gian se chuyn thanh hn
hp A co khi lng 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 . Cho hn hp A phan
ng ht vi dung dich H 2 SO 4 m c , nong thu c 6,72 lit khi SO 2 (ktc).
Khi lng m gam la:
A. 56g B. 11,2g C. 22,4g D. 25,3g
Cu 5. Khi cho 9,6gam Mg tac dung ht vi dung dich H 2 SO 4 m c thy co
49gam H 2 SO 4 tham gia phan ng tao mui MgSO 4 , H 2 O va san phm kh X . X
n
la:
.v
A. SO 2 B. S C. H 2 S D. SO 2 ,H 2 S
Cu 6. Hoa tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loai gm Mg , Al va Fe trong dung dich
om
H 2 SO 4 c, nong thu c 0,55 mol SO 2 . C can dung dich sau phan ng , khi
lng cht rn khan thu c la:
A. 51,8g B. 55,2g C. 69,1g
.c D. 82,9g
Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton 4,0 gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Cu bng dung dch H 2 SO 4 c
nng d, thu c 2,24 lt kh SO 2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam
ok
mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,2. B. 13,6. C. 12,8. D. 14,4.
bo
Cu 8. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng

d, thot ra 0,112 lt kh (ktc) kh SO 2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca
hp cht l:
et
A. FeCO 3 . B. FeS 2 . C. FeS. D. FeO.

vi
Cu 9. Ha tan 23,4 gam hn hp gm Al, Fe, Cu bng mt lng vu dung

dch H 2 SO 4 , thu c 15,12 lt kh SO 2 (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi
ng
tr ca m l:
A. 153,0. B. 95,8. C. 88,2. D. 75,8.
a
Cu 10. Cho 1,44g hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n MO, c s mol bng

nhau, tc dng ht vi H 2 SO 4 c, un nng. Th tch kh SO 2 (ktc) thu c l
kh
0,224 lt. Cho bit rng ho tr ln nht ca M l II. Kim loi M l:

A. Cu B. Fe C. Al D. Zn
Cu 11. Ha tan hon ton 9,6 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 c
nng thot ra 3,36 lt kh SO 2 (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A. Mg. B. Al. C. Fe. D. Cu.
Cu 12. Cho 13,6 gam hn hp Mg, Fe phn ng hon ton vi H 2 SO 4 c nng
d thu c 8,96 lt SO 2 sn phm kh duy nht ktc. Khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp ban u l?
A. 2,4 gam Mg, 11,2 gam Fe B. 4,4 gam Mg, 9,2 gam Fe
228
C. 4,8 gam Mg, 8,8 gam Fe D. 5,8 gam Mg, 7,8 gam Fe
Cu 13. Cho 5,6 gam kim loi R tan hon ton trong H 2 SO 4 c nng d thu c
3,36 lt SO 2 . Kim loi R l:
A. Al B. Cu C. Fe D. Zn
Cu 14. Ha tan m gam Al vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c 4,48 lt (ktc)
hn hp hai kh SO 2 v H 2 S c t l th tch 1 : 1. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9 gam B. 27 gam C.12 gam D. 6 gam
Cu 15. Cho m gam Zn vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c 6,72 lt hn hp
hai kh SO 2 v H 2 S (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l 24,5. Tng gi tr ca m v lng
mui to thnh trong dung dch sau phn ng l:
n
Cu 16. Cho 7,7 gam hn hp Mg, Zn tan hon ton vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c
.v
nng d thu c dung dch X v 0,1 mol SO 2 , 0,01 mol S v 0,005 mol H 2 S.
Tnh khi lng kim loi Mg trong hn hp.
om
A. 0,96 g B. 1,44g C. 1,2g D. 1,68g
Cu 17. Ha tan 30 gam hn hp mt s kim loi vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng
d thu c dung dch X v 0,15 mol SO 2 , 0,1mol S v 0,005 mol H 2 S. Khi
.c
lng mui to thnh sau phn ng l:
ok
A. 78 g B. 120,24g C. 44,4g D. 75,12g
Cu 18. Cho 12 gam hn hp hai kim loi Cu, Fe tan hon ton trong H 2 SO 4 c,
nng, d thu c 5,6 lt SO 2 sn phm kh duy nht . Tnh % theo khi lng
bo
ca Cu trong hn hp l:
A. 53,33% B. 33,33% C. 43,33% D. 50,00%
et
Cu 19. Cho 4,5 gam mt kim loi R tan hon ton trong H 2 SO 4 c nng d thu
c 2,24 lt hn hp hai kh SO 2 v H 2 S (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 l 24,5 v
vi
dung dch X. Tm kim loi R v khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch sau
phn ng.
ng
A. Al, 28,5 gam. B. Al, 34,2 gam.

C. Fe, 28,5 gam. D. Cu, 32,0 gam.
a
Cu 20. Ha tan hon ton 4,8 gam Mg vo 49 gam dung dch H 2 SO 4 80% ch
thu c dung dch X v kh. Cho X tc dng hon ton vi 700 ml dung dch
kh
KOH 1M, sau lc b kt ta c dung dch Y. C cn Y c cht rn Z nng

58,575 gam . Tnh C% ca MgSO 4 trong X.
A. 48,66 B. 44,61 C. 49,79 D. 46,24
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn p n A
n = a mol
Ta c: Cu
BTKL
64a + =
56a 2, 4
= a 0, 02 mol
n Fe = a mol

BTE
=
n e 2a +=
3a 0,1
229
D thy: = = 0,1
n X .2 0,05.2
Cu 2. Chn p n A
C can E thu c 24g mui khan:
24
=
BTNT.Fe
n Fe 2n=
Fe2 ( SO 4 )3
=
2. 0,12 mol
400
= n =
0,12 mol BTNT (O+C) n 0,12 mol
Hn hp u Fe D Fe
n O= a mol n O= a 0, 06
BTE
0,12.3 a 0,06 ( cha cht ch v D ch l
= 2(a 0,06) + 0,18.2 =
Fe).
n
BTNT (Fe+O)
n Fe O = 0, 02 mol BTKL 0, 08.56
2 3 = %Fe = 58,33%
.v
n Fe = 0, 08 mol 0,12.56 + 0, 06.16
om
Cu 3. Chn p n A
S dng phng trnh: 2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + H 2 O
n = a mol
.c 27a + 56b =8,3
=
Ta c: =
n SO2 0,3 mol n e 0, 6; 8,3 Al
CDLBT

= n Fe b mol = 3a + 3b 0, 6
ok
a = 0,1mol

b = 0,1mol
bo
Cu 4. Chn p n A
n Fe = a mol
BTKL
=56a + 16b =
75, 2 a 1mol
Chia tr: 75, 2 BTE
et
n O b= mol = 3a 2b + 0,3.2 b 1, 2 mol

=
BTNT.Fe
m =
1.56 56 g
vi
Cu 5. Chn p n C
ng
9, 6 n e = 0,8 mol
Ta c: n=
Mg = 0, 4 mol BTNT Mg
24 n MgSO4 = 0, 4 mol
a

=
n H2SO 0,5 mol
BTNT.S
n Strong X= 0,5 0,=
4 0,1 mol
BTE
H2S
kh
Cu 6. Chn p n C
S dng phng trnh : 2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + H 2 O
BTKL

= m m(Kim loai,SO=) 2
4
16,3 + 0,55.96
= 69,1
Cu 7. Chn p n B
BTKL
m
= m(Kim loai,SO 4
) 4 + 0,1.96
2
= = 13,6
Cu 8. Chn p n D
230
Ta s loi A ngay v khng c kh CO 2 bay ln.

=
Ta c ngay: n SO2 0, 005 mol =

BTE
n e 0, 01 mol Fe +2
Cu 9. Chn p n C
BTKL
m
= m(Kim loai,SO
= ) 2
4
23,4 + 0,675.96
= 88,2
Cu 10. Chn p n A
Ha tr ca M ln nht l II loi B v C
Ta c:= n SO2 0, 01
BTE
= n e 0, 02 = n M 0, 01mol

BTKL
0,01(M + M=
+ 16) 1,44 =
M 64
n
Cu 11. Chn p n D
.v
om
Ta c: =
n SO2 0,15 mol
= n e 0,3 mol
0,3.M M = 64
9,6 = M = 32n
n n = 2 .c
Cu 12. Chn p n A
ok
n Mg = a mol 24a +=56b 13, 6 = a 0,1mol
Ta c: 13, 6
CDLBT

bo
n Fe = b mol =
2a + 3b 0, 4.2= b 0, 2 mol
Cu 13. Chn p n C
et
S dng phng trnh : 2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + H 2 O

Ta c: n SO2 = 0,15 n e = 0,3
vi
0,3.M 56n M = 56
ng
5,6= M=
n 3 n = 3
Cu 14. Chn p n A
a
Ta s dng: 2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO24 + SO2 + H 2 O

kh
5H 2 SO 4 + 8e 4SO24 + H 2 S + 4H 2 O
1
n=
SO2 n=
H2S 0,1 =
n e 0,1(2 +=
8) 1
BTE
=
n Al =
m 9
3
Cu 15. Chn p n B
5H 2 SO 4 + 8e 4SO24 + H 2 S + 4H 2 O
231
n SO2 = a mol a + b = 0,3

a = 0,15 mol
0,3 64a + 34b ne =
1,5 mol
n H2S b= mol = 24,5.2 b 0,15 mol
0,3

=
BTE
n Zn 0, 75 mol = m Zn = 0, 75.65 48, 75 g

BTNT.Zn
=
m ZnSO4 0,75(65=
+ 96) 120,75
Cu 16. Chn p n C
4H 2 SO 4 + 6e 3SO24 + S + 4H 2 O
n
5H 2 SO 4 + 8e 4SO24 + H 2 S + 4H 2 O
.v
n SO2 = 0,1mol

Ta c: n S= 0, 01mol n e= 0,1.2 + 0, 01.6 + 0, 005.8= 0,3 mol
om
n = 0, 005 mol
H 2S
n Mg = a mol CDLBT 24a + 65b
= 7, 7 =
a 0, 05 mol
.c
7, 7
n Zn = b mol =
2a + 2b 0,3 =b 0,1mol
ok
m Mg
= 0, 05.24
= 1, 2 g
Cu 17. Chn p n D
bo

4H 2 SO 4 + 6e 3SO24 + S + 4H 2 O
et
5H 2 SO 4 + 8e 4SO24 + H 2 S + 4H 2 O
vi
n SO2 = 0,15 mol

Ta c: n S = 0,1mol n e= 0,15.2 + 0,1.6 + 0, 005.8= 0, 94 n SO2 = 0, 47 mol
ng
n = 0, 005 mol
4
2 H S
m(KL,SO=)
a
2

BTKL
m muoi
= 4 30 + 0,47.96
= 75,12 g
kh
Cu 18. Chn p n A
n = a mol =
64a + 56b 12 = a 0,1mol
Ta c ngay: 12 Cu
CDLBT

= n Fe b mol = 2a + 3b 0, 25.2
= b 0,1mol
0,1.64
%Cu = = 53,33%
12
Cu 19. Chn p n A
Ta c ngay:
232
n SO2 = a mol a + b = 0,1

a = 0, 05 mol
0,1 64a + 34b ne =
0,5 mol
n H2S b= mol 0,1 = 2.24,5 b 0, 05 mol

0,5.R

BTKL
4,5
= =
R = = 27 Al
9n 9.3
n

BTKL
m=
muoi m(KL,SO=2
4 ) 4,5 + 0,25.96
= 28,5
Cu 20. Chn p n A
n K 2SO4 = a mol 2a + b= 0, 7 a = 0,3125 mol
BTNT.K
Ta c: n KOH =0, 7; Z
n KOH = b mol 174a + 56b = 58,575 b = 0, 075 mol
n
n SO = x mol
.v

BTNT.S
n S 0, 4 =
= a 0, 0875 2
n H2S = y mol
om

BTE
2x + 8y= 0, 2.2 x = 0,05mol
n Mg =
0, 2 mol
x + y = 0,0875 y = 0,0375mol
.c
0, 2.(24 + 96)
=
%MgSO 4 = 48,66%
ok
4,8 + 49 0,05.64 0,0375.34
bo
CON NG T DUY S 5
BI TON HP CHT CA KIM LOI TC DNG VI
et
H 2 SO 4 (c /nng).
Con ng t duy :
vi
lm tt loi bi tp ny cc bn cn vn dng tt cc nh lut bo ton (BTE ,

ng
BTNT, BTDT, BTKL) . Cc bi ton hay cn vn dng linh hot tng hp cc nh

lut trn.
Tn dng trit k thut Chia tr.Thng hay gp cc trng hp.
a
Fe Fe
kh
Fe,FeO,Fex O y Chia
; Fe,FeS,S,FeS 2
Chia

O S
Fe
Cu
O ; Cu,CuS,S,Cu 2 S
Fe,Fex O y ,FeS x
Chia Chia

S S

Ch : Nu bi yu cu tnh ton s liu lin quan ti H 2 SO 4 cc bn nn
BTNT.S
HNG DN VN DNG
233
Cu 1. C hn hp bt X gm Al, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 (c cng s mol). em nung 41,9

gam hn hp X trong iu kin khng c khng kh thu c hn hp Y. Ha tan
Y trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 c, nng, d thu c V lt kh SO 2 (l sn phm kh
duy nht ktc). Gi tr V l:
A. 5,60 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 8,96 lt. D. 11,20 lt.
Ta bo ton electron cho c qu trnh nh cc bn(cui cng Al v Fe s c
y ln ti Al+3 v Fe+3 ). C ngay:
n = 0,1mol
Al
41, 9 = n Fe2O3 0,1mol
BTE
0,1.3=
+ 0,1 2n SO=
2
V B

n Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3 ) = 0,1mol
n
Cu 2. Cho 23,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe v FeO tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4
.v
c, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung
dch Y ch cha cht tan FeSO 4 v 5,04 lt (ktc) kh SO 2 (sn phm kh duy
om
nht). S mol H 2 SO 4 phn ng l:
A. 0,4. B. 0,375 C. 0,675. D. 0,6.
n = a mol 56a + 16b =23, 4 .c
23, 4 Fe
n=
O b mol = 2b + 0, 45
2a
ok
a = 0,375 mol BTNT.S 0, 45
S= a + = 0, 6 mol
b = 0,15 mol 2
bo
Cu 3. Ha tan ht 16 gam hn hp Fe v C vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng d thu

c V lt kh ktc v dung dch X. C cn X thu c 40 gam mui. Gi tr ca
et
V l:
A. 23,64. B. 30,24. C. 33,6. D. 26,88.
vi
n = 0, 2 mol
40 Fe : 0, 2 16 Fe
m Fe2 (SO4 )3 =
= n C 0, 4 mol 0, 4CO2
ng
BTE
0, 2.3 + 0,=
4.4 2n SO2 n= SO2 1,1 =n 1,5 C
a
Cu 4. Ly 22,4 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 tc dng va vi dung dch cha

0,55 mol H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c kh SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung
kh
dch X. C cn X, khi lng mui thu c l:

Va ngha l cht rn tan ht v mui ni chung l hn hp mui Fe2+ v
mui Fe3+.Ta s i tm khong ca gi tr khi lng mui.
n Fe = a mol n FeSO4 = a mol
TH Ch c mui Fe2+ : 22, 4
=n O b mol n=
SO2 0,55 a
=
56a + 16b 22, 4 = a 0,3545

BTE
m= 53,88g
2a =+2b 2(0,55 a) b =
0,159
234
n Fe = a mol n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 0,5a mol

TH ch c mui Fe3+: 22, 4
=nO b n=
SO2 0,55 1,5a
BTE = 56a + 16b 22, 4 = a 0,325 mol

m= 65g
2a =+2b 2(0,55 1,5a) b = 0, 2625 mol
Nhn vo p n ta thy ch c A hp l.
Cu 5. Ha tan hon ton 19,2 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 v Fe 2 O 3
trong 50 ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 18M (c, d, un nng), thu c V lt kh SO 2
(ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch Y. Cho 450 ml dung dch NaOH 2M
vo dung dch Y thu c 21,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
n
A. 4,48. B. 5,60. C. 6,72. D. 3,36.
.v
21, 4 n = 0, 2 mol
Nu NaOH d: n Fe(OH)
= = 0, 2 mol
BTNT

= n Fe 0, 2; 19, 2 Fe
107 n O = 0,5 mol
3
om
(v l)
Vy NaOH thiu:
n = a mol
19, 2 Fe 56a + 16b
= 19, 2;
.c
=
n H2SO = 0, 9 mol
0, 05.18
n O = b mol
4
ok
Na + : 0,9
0,9 + 3a 0,6 0,3 + 3a
Y Fe3+ : a 0,2=
bo

BTDT
n SO2 =
SO2 :
4
2 2
4
et
0,3 + 3a 0,3 + 3a

BTNT.S
=
n SO 0,9
BTE
=
3a 2b + 2 0,9
2
2 2
vi
a = 0,3 mol
6a 2b= 1,5 V= 6, 72 lit
ng
b = 0,15 mol
Cu 6. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,002 mol FeS 2 v 0,003 mol FeS vo
a
lng d dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , SO 2 v H 2 O. Hp th ht

lng SO 2 trn bng 1 lng va dung dch KMnO 4 thu c dung dch X c
kh
pH = 2. Th tch ca dung dch X l:

A.2,00 lit. B.1,50 lit. C.1,14 lit. D.2,28 lit.
FeS 2 15e = Fe +3 + 2S +6 BTE
+3 +6
0,002.15 + 0,003.9= 2n SO2
FeS 9e= Fe + S
n SO2 = 0,0285 mol
5SO 2 + 2KMnO 4 + 2H 2 O K 2SO 4 + 2MnSO 4 + 2H 2SO 4
n H+ = 0,022 PH = 2 H + = 0,01 V = 2,28(lit)
235
Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton a gam mt oxit st bng H 2 SO 4 c, nng thu c kh

SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht). Mt khc kh hon ton a gam oxit bng CO
nhit cao ri cho ton b lng st thu c vo dd HNO 3 c, nng, d thu
c s mol NO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht) nhiu gp 6 ln s mol SO 2 trn. Oxit
st l:
A. FeO v Fe 3 O 4 B. Fe 2 O 3 C. Fe 3 O 4 D. FeO
Fe : x mol BTE
Gi gi trong a gam oxit c: =
3x 2y + 2n SO2
O : y mol
Khi kh hon ton oxit :

BTE
n NO
= = 6n SO2 3x
3x = 2y + x =
x y FeO
n
2
Cu 8. Hn hp X gm FeS, FeS 2 , CuS tan va ht trong dung dch cha 0,33 mol
.v
H 2 SO 4 c sinh ra 0,325 mol kh SO 2 v dung dch Y. Nhng thanh Fe nng 50
gam vo Y, phn ng xong thy thanh Fe nng 49,48 gam v thu c dung dch
om
Z. Cho Z phn ng vi HNO 3 c, d sinh ra kh NO 2 duy nht v cn li dung
dch E (khng cha NH 4 +). Khi lng mui dng khan c trong E l m gam. Gi
tr ln nht ca m l : .c
A. 20,57 B. 18,19 C. 21,33 D. 21,41.
Bi ton ny l mt bi ton BTNT in hnh v rt hay. Tuy nhin bi c
ok
phn cha cht ch lm.
BTNT.Hidro BTNT.O
n=
H O
0,33 n Otrong muoi
bo
= 0,33.4 0,325.2 0,33= 0,34

0,34
n SO
trong muo i
= = 0,085 mol Z : FeSO 4 : 0,085mol
et
4
2
4
V HNO 3 c nng d nn khi lng mui ln nht l mui Fe(NO 3 ) 3

vi
Cu 9. Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm FeO,Fe 2 O 3 ,S,FeS 2 v CuS trong O chim

ng
16% khi lng hn hp X tc dng va vi 0,4 mol H 2 SO 4 c (un nng)

sinh ra 0,31 mol kh SO 2 v dung dch Y.Nhng thanh Mg d vo Y sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton ly thanh Mg ra cn li thy tng 2,8 gam (Gi s 100%
a
kim loi sinh ra bm vo thanh Mg).t chy hon ton 10 gam X bng lng va
kh
V lt (ktc) hn hp kh A gm O 2 v O 3 t l mol 1:1.Gi tr ca V l?

A.1,4336 B.1,5232 C.1,4784 D.1,568
n H O = 0,4 mol
sau pha n ng
Ta c ngay: n Otrong X 0,1; 0,4(mol)H 2 SO4
=
2
n = 0,31mol
SO2

BTNT.Oxi
0,1 + =
0, 4.4 4.n SO2 + 0,31.2 + 0, 4 =
n SO2 0,17 mol
4 4
236
n 3+ = a mol
Fe =+ Mg 3a + 2b 0,34= a 0,1mol
=
Y n Cu 2+ b mol
56a + 64b 0,17.24
= 2,8 =
b 0, 02 mol
n SO24 = 0,17 mol
n O = 0,1mol
n Fe2O3 = 0, 05 mol
n Fe = 0,1mol
X
BTNT

= n CuO 0, 02 mol = nA =
0, 033.2 0, 066 mol
n Cu = 0, 02 mol n = 0, 0475 mol
n S = 0, 0475 mol SO2

V= 1, 4784 .
n
.v
om
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1. Ha tan hon ton 0,1 mol mi cht Fe, FeS, v FeS 2 trong dung dch
.c
H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c V lt (ktc) SO 2 sn phm kh duy nht.Gi tr ca V l:
A. 30,24 lt B. 20,24 lt C. 33,26 lt D. 44,38 lt
ok
Cu 2. kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3, cn 0,05
mol H 2 . Mt khc ha tan hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H 2 SO 4
bo
c nng th thu c th tch V ml SO 2 (ktc)(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr

V(ml) l:
A. 112 ml B. 224 ml C. 336 ml D. 448 ml
et
Cu 3. Ho tan hon ton 49,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4

bng H 2 SO 4 c, nng thu c dung dch Y v 8,96 lt kh SO 2 (ktc). Thnh
vi
phn phn trm v khi lng ca oxi trong hn hp X v khi lng mui
trong dung dch Y ln lt l:
ng
A. 20,97% v 140 gam. B. 37,50% v 140 gam.

C. 20,97% v 180 gam D.37,50% v 120 gam.
a
Cu 4. Nung x mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c

kh
31,2 gam hn hp cht rn. Ho tan hon ton hn hp cht rn trn bng H 2 SO 4
c, nng, d thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt kh SO 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca x mol l:
A. 0,7 mol B. 0,3mol C. 0,45 mol D. 0,8 mol
Cu 5, 6. Cho 12,096 gam Fe nung trong khng kh thu c m 1 gam cht rn X
gm Fe v cc oxit ca n. Cho m 1 gam cht rn X trn vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 c
nng thu c 1,792 lt kh SO 2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch mui Y. C cn dung
dch mui Y cn nng m 2 gam cht rn khan.
5. Gi tr ca m 1 l:
A. 14 gam B. 16 gam. C. 18 gam D. 22,6 gam
6. Gi tr ca m 2 l:
A. 43,6 gam. B. 43,2 gam. C. 42,0 gam D. 46,8 gam
237
Cu 7. Nung nng 12,6 gam Fe ngoi khng kh ,sau mt thi gian thu c m
gam hn hp X gm Fe,FeO,Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 .Ha tan hon ton hn hp ny trong
dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng d, thu c 4,2 lt kh SO 2 duy nht (ktc). Gi tr m
l:
A. 15 B. 15,6 C. 18,2 D. 20
Cu 8. Ha tan hon ton gam hn hp X gm FeS,Cu,CuS,Cu 2 S,S trong dung
dch cha 1,3 mol H 2 SO 4 c nng va thot ra 28 lt kh SO 2 duy nht (ktc)
v dung dchY.Thm BaCl 2 d vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta.Gi tr m
gn nht vi:
Cu 9. ( -TSH Khi B-2009) Ho tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt xt st bng
n
dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c dung dch X v 3,248 lt SO 2 ( sn phm kh
duy nht,ktc).C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui sunfat khan.Gi tr m l:
.v
A. 52,2 B. 48,4 C. 54,0 D. 58,0
om
Cu 10. em nung hn hp A gm hai kim loi : a mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu trong
khng kh mt thi gian,thu c 63,2 gam hn hp B gm hai kim loi trn v
hn hp cc oxit ca chng.em ha tan ht B bng dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng
d,th thu c 0,3 mol SO 2 . Tr s ca x l: .c
A. 0,6 B. 0,4 C. 0,5 D. 0,7
P N CHI TIT
ok
Cu 1. Chn p n A
S dng k Chia tr ta c :
bo
n Fe = 0,3 mol BTE

0,3.3=
+ 0,3.6 2n SO2 =
n SO2 1,35 mol
n S = 0,3 mol
et
= V 1,35.22,4
= 30,24
vi
Cu 2. Chn p n B
=
Ta c: n H2 0, 05 mol = n Otrong X 0, 05 mol
ng
BTNT.H
O : 0,05 BTE
Chia tr: 3,04 =0,04.3 0,05.2 + 2n SO2
a
Fe : 0,04
kh
n SO2 = 0, 01 mol V= SO2 = 0,224(lt)

0,01.22,4
Cu 3. Chn p n A
n O = a mol
BTKL

= 16a + 56b =49, 6 a 0, 65 mol
Chia tr: 49, 6 BTE
n Fe b= mol = 3b 2a + 0, 4.2 b 0, 7 mol
0,65.16
%O
= = 20,97%
49,6
0, 7

BTNT.Fe
n Fe2=
(SO 4 )3 = 0,35 mol
= = 140g
m 0,35.400
2
238
Cu 4. Chn p n B
n Fe = x mol
56x +=
16y 31, 2 0,15.64 =
BTKL
x 0,3 mol
Ta c: 31,2 n Cu = 0,15 mol BTE
3x + 0,15.2
= 2y + 0,3.2 y = 0,3 mol
n O = y mol
Cu 5, 6. Chn p n B
n = 0, 216
Chia tr: m1 Fe
BTE
0, 216.3
= 2a + 0, 08.2
n
O = a mol
a =0, 244 mol m=
1 12, 096 + 0, 244.16
= 16 g
0, 216
n

BTNT.Fe
n=
Fe2 (SO 4 )3 = 0,108 mol
= m 2 43, 2g
2
.v
Cu 7. Chn p n A

om
12, 6
=n Fe = 0, 225 mol BTE
Chia tr ta c: m 56 0, 225.3
= 2a + 0,1875.2
n O = a mol

a = 0,15
BTKL
=
m 12,6 + 0,15.16
= 15 g
.c
Cu 8. Chn p n C
ok
n Fe = a mol
n H2SO4 = 1,3 mol BTNT.S
Ta c: X n Cu= b mol n SO2= c + 0, 05
bo
n = c mol n SO2 = 1, 25 mol

4
S
et

BTE
=
3a + 2b 2(1, 25 3c)
BTDT = c 0,3 mol =
BTNT
m =
0,3.233 69, 9
3a +=2b 2(c + 0, 05)
vi
Ch : c mol S s cho 3c mol SO 2 .

ng
Cu 9. Chn p n D
Chia tr ta c :
n = a mol
a
BTE
=3.a 2b + 0,145.2 = a 0, 29 mol
20,88 Fe BTKL
n O b=
kh
mol 56a + 16b = 20,88 b 0, 29 mol

0, 29

BTNT.Fe
n Fe2 (SO
= 4 )3
= 0,145
BTKL
= = 58g
m 0,145.400
2
Cu 10. Chn p n D
Chia tr ta c:
n Fe = a mol
56a + 16b=+ 0,15.64 =
BTKL
63, 2 a 0, 7 mol
63, 2 n Cu = 0,15 mol BTE
n = b mol 3a + 0,15.2
= 2b + 0,3.2 b = 0, 9 mol
O
239
CON NG T DUY S 6
BI TON V TC PHN NG ,HNG S Kc,PH
Con ng t duy:
Bi tp v hng s Kc:
[C ] .[ D ]
c d
Cho phn ng: aA + bB cC + dD KC = a

[ A ] .[B ]
b
Ch : Nng cc cht lc cn bng

Cc cht trong cng thc phi cng trng thi (kh ,hoc lng).
n
Nu trng thi khng ng nht th b (d cht ).
Bi tp v tc phn ng:
.v
Ch : Tc phn ng ca 1 phn ng phi tnh qua nng 1 cht no . Tuy
om
nhin, tnh theo cht no i na cng cho cng 1 kt qu .
[ A ]ban dau [ A ]sau phan ung
Cng thc: v =
t.a .c
Bi tp v PH:
ok
log H +
Cng thc PH : PH = H + =
10 a PH =
a
Ch : Xc nh mi trng l g ? axit hay bazo?
bo
Tnh ton s mol H + hoc OH d sau suy ra nng H + tng ng.

et
HNG DN VN DNG
Cu 1. Trong hn hp phn ng gm Na 2 S 2 O 3 v H 2 SO 4 long c th tch dung
vi
dch l 100 ml, nng ban u ca Na 2 S 2 O 3 l 0,5 M. Sau thi gian 40 giy, th
ng
tch kh SO 2 thot ra l 0,896 lt (ktc). Gi s kh to ra u thot ra ht khi dung

dch v sau phn ng c mui sunfat, vn mu vng,... Tc trung bnh ca phn
ng tnh theo Na 2 S 2 O 3 l
a
A. 10-2 mol/ (lt.s). B. 10-1 mol/(lt.s).

kh
C. 2,5.10-3 mol/(lt.s). D. 2,5.10-2 mol/(lt.s).

Na 2 S 2 O3 + H 2 SO 4 Na 2 SO 4 + S + SO2 + H 2 O
n Na
2 S2O3 = 0,05mol
bana u
0,5 0,1
sau v
= = 0,01 A
n Na 2 S2O3 = 0,01mol 40
Cu 2. Cho phng trnh ha hc ca phn ng X + 2Y Z + T. thi im ban

u, nng ca cht X l 0,01 mol/l. Sau 20 giy, nng ca cht X l 0,008
mol/l. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo cht Y trong khong thi gian trn
l:
240
A. 2,0. 10-4 mol/(l.s) B. 4,0. 10-4 mol/(l.s)

C. 1,0. 10-4 mol/(l.s) D. 8,0. 10-4 mol/(l.s).
0,004
C MY
=
2 CM X
= 2 ( 0,01 0,008 ) =0,004 v = = 104
2.20
Ch : tc trung bnh ca phn ng tnh theo cht no cng cho ra cng p s.
Cu 3. Mt bnh phn ng c dung tch khng i, cha hn hp kh N 2 v H 2 vi
nng tng ng l 0,3 M v 0,7 M. Sau khi phn ng tng hp NH 3 t trng
thi cn bng t0C, H 2 chim 50% th tch hn hp thu c. Hng s cn bng
K C t0C ca phn ng c gi tr l:
A. 0,609 B. 3,125 C. 0,500 D. 2,500
n
Gi s th tch ca bnh l 1 lt.
.v
N : 0,3 mol
Trc phn ng: 2
H 2 : 0, 7 mol
om
Sau phn ng:
N 2 : 0,3 0,5a
0, 7 1,5a
.c
N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 H 2 : 0, 7 1,5a = 0,5 a= 0, 2 mol
NH : a 1 a

ok
3
[ NH3 ]=
2
0,2 2
=
Kc = 3,125
bo
[ N 2 ]. [ H 2 ]
3
0,2.0,43
Cu 4. Cho cc cn bng sau:
et
(1) H 2 (k ) + I 2 (k ) 2 HI (k ); (2) HI (k ) 1 / 2 H 2 (k ) + 1 / 2 I 2 (k )
nhit xc nh nu K C ca cn bng (1)bng 64 th K C ca cn bng (2) l:
vi
A.4 B.0,5 C.0,25 D.0,125

[ HI ]
ng
Vi phng trnh (1) ta=

c: k 1
= 64
c
[ H2 ][I2 ]
a
[ H2 ][I2 ] 1 1
Vi phng trnh (2) ta c: k 2c= = = = 0,125
kh
[ HI ] k1c 8
Cu 5. Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H 2 SO 4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100
ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M thu c dung dch X.
Dung dch X c PH l :
A. 12,8 B. 1,0 C. 13.0 D. 1,2
n + = 0, 02 mol
Ta c ngay : H n OH
du
= 0, 04 0, 02 = 0, 02 mol
n OH = 0, 04 mol
0,02
OH = = 0,1 =101 H + =1013 PH =13
0,2
241
Cu 6. Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH) 2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml

dung dch gm: H 2 SO 4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X Gi tr
pH ca dung dch X l:
A. 2 B. 1 C. 6 D. 7.
n = 0, 03 mol
Ta c: OH n du
H+
= 0, 035 0, 03= 0, 005 mol
n H+ = 0, 035 mol
0,005
H + = = 0,01 PH = 2
0,5
Cu 7. Trn 150 ml dung dch hn hp gm H 2 SO 4 0,05M v HNO 3 0,1M vi
150 ml dung dch hn hp gm KOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M, thu c 300 ml
n
dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
.v
A. 1,2. B. 12,8. C. 13,0. D. 1,0.
= n + 0,15(0, 05.2 = + 0,1) 0, 03 mol
om
Ta c: H n OH
du
= 0, 03 mol
=
n OH 0,15(0, 2 + 0,=
2) 0, 06 mol
0,03
OH = = 0,1 H + = 1013 PH = 13
0,3
.c
ok
Cu 8. A l dd H 2 SO 4 0,5M; B l dd NaOH 0,6M. Trn V 1 lit A vi V 2 lit B thu
c (V 1 +V 2 ) lit dd c pH=1. T l V 1 :V 2 bng
A. 1:1. B. 5:11. C. 7:9. D. 9:11.
bo
V1
0,6
2.0,5.V1 0,6V2 V2 V 7
Ta c: PH =
1 H = +
0,1 = = 1 =
et
V1 + V2 V1 V2 9
+1
V2
vi
BI TP RN LUYN
ng
Cu 1. Cho 0,04 mol NO 2 vo mt bnh kn dung tch 100 ml ( toC), xy ra phn

ng: 2NO2 N2 O4 .
a
Sau 20 giy thy tng s mol kh trong bnh l 0,30 mol/l. Tc phn ng
kh
trung bnh ca NO 2 trong 20 giy l

A. 0,04 mol/(l.s) B. 0,01 mol/(l.s)
C. 0,02 mol/(l.s) D. 0,10 mol/(l.s)
Cu 2. Cho phn ng: 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O + O 2 xy ra trong bnh dung tch 2 lt. Sau
10 pht th tch kh thot ra khi bnh l 3,36 lt (ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn
ng (tnh theo H 2 O 2 ) trong 10 pht l:
A. 5.10-4 mol/l.s. B. 2,5.10-4 mol/l.s.
C. 10.10-4 mol/l.s. D. 0,0025 mol/l.s.
Cu 3. ho tan ht mt mu Al trong dung dch axit HCl 250C cn 36 pht.
Cng mu Al tan ht trong dung dch axit ni trn 450C trong 4 pht. Hi
242
ho tan ht mu Al trong dung dch axit ni trn 600C th cn thi gian bao
nhiu giy?
A. 45,465 giy. B. 56,342 giy.
C. 46,188 giy. D. 38,541 giy.
Cu 4. Bit tan ca NaCl trong 100 gam nc 900C l 50 gam v 00C l 35
gam. Khi lm lnh 600 gam dung dch NaCl bo ha 900C v 00C lm thot ra
bao nhiu gam tinh th NaCl?
Cu 5. Ha tan 50 gam tinh th CuSO 4 .5H 2 O vo 600ml dung dch HCl 0,2mol/l
c dung dch A. Cho 13,7 gam bari kim loi vo dd A. Sau khi kt thc tt c
cc phn ng lc ly kt ta,ra sch em nung nhit cao th thu c bao
n
nhiu gam cht rn?
.v
A. 3,2 B.12,52 C.27,22 D.26,5
om
Cu 6. Cho 6 mol N 2 v y mol H 2 vo bnh kn dung tch 4 lit. Khi t trng thi
cn bng N 2 tham gia phn ng l 25%. a bnh v nhit ban u thy p
sut P 2 = 21/24 P 1 . Tm y v tnh K C.
A.18; 0,013 B.15; 0,02
.c
C.16; 0,013 D.18; 0,015
Cu 7. t chy hon ton 1 hidrocacbon A th kh bng oxi trong bnh kn .
ok
Nu gi nguyn nng ca A v tng nng ca oxi ln gp i th tc phn
ng chy tng gp 32 ln. Tm s cng thc phn t c th c ca A.
bo
A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 8. Cho phn ng RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O c K C = 2,25. Nu
ban u C M ca axit v ancol u l 1M th khi phn ng t cn bng bao nhiu
et
phn trm ancol b este ha?

vi
A. 75% B. 50% C. 60% D. 65%

Cu 9. Cho 1,0 mol axit axetic tc dng vi 1,0 mol ancol isopropylic th cn bng
ng
t c khi c 0,6 mol isopropyl axetat c to thnh. Lc ngi ta cho thm

2,0 mol axit axetic vo hn hp phn ng, cn bng b ph v v chuyn n trng
thi cn bng mi. S mol ca isopropyl axetat trng thi cn bng mi l:
a
kh

Cu 10. Khi cho axit axetic tc dng vi ancol etylic, t C hng s cn bng K C
0
ca phn ng c gi tr l 4. Este ha 1 mol axit axetic vi x mol ancol etylic, khi

phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng t0C th thu c 0,9 mol este. Gi tr ca x
l:
Cu 11. ha tan mt mu Zn trong dung dch HCl 250C cn 243 pht. Cng mu
Zn tan ht trong dung dch HCl nh trn 650C cn 3 pht. ha tan ht mu Zn
trong dung dch HCl c nng nh trn 450C cn thi gian l:
A. 27 pht. B. 81 pht. C. 18 pht. D. 9 pht.
243
Cu 12. H s nhit ca tc phn ng c gi tr no sau y bit rng khi

gim nhit ca phn ng xung 800C th tc phn ng gim i 256 ln.
A. 4,0 B. 2,5 C.3,0 D.2,0
Cu 13. Trn 250 ml dd hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H 2 SO 4 0,01 M vi 250 ml
dd Ba(OH) 2 a M thu c 500 ml dd X c pH= 12. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,06 B. 0,08 C. 0,04 D. 0,12
Cu 14. Trn cc dd HCl 0,75M,HNO 3 0,15M;H 2 SO 4 0,3M vi cc th tch bng
nhau th thu c dd X. Trn 300ml dd X vi 200ml dd Ba(OH) 2 0,25M th thu
c m gam kt ta v dd Y c pH=x. Gi tr ca x v m ln lt l?
A. 2 v 1,165 B. 1 v 6,99 C. 2 v 2,23 D. 1 v 2,23
Cu 15. Z l dd H 2 SO 4 1M. thu c dd X c pH=1 cn phi thm vo 1 lit dd
n
Z th tch dd NaOH 1,8M l:
.v
A. 1 lit. B. 1,5 lit. C. 3 lit. D. 0,5 lit.
om
Cu 16. Z l dd H 2 SO 4 1M. thu c dd Y c pH=13 cn phi thm vo 1 lit
dd Z th tch dd NaOH 1,8M l:
A. 1,0 lit. B. 1,235 lit. C. 2,47 lit. D. 0,618 lit.
4 3
.c
Cu 17. Trn 3 dd H SO 0,1M; HNO 0,2M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng
2
nhau thu c dd X. Ly 300 ml dd X cho phn ng vi V lit dd Y gm NaOH
ok
0,2M v KOH 0,29M thu c dd c pH = 2. Gi tr V l:
A. 0,424 lit. B. 0,134 lit. C. 0,414 lit. D. 0,214 lit.
Cu 18. Cho m gam Na vo nc d thu c 1,5 lit dd c pH=12. Gi tr ca m l
bo

Cu 19. Trn 1000 ml dung dch X cha NaOH 0,86M v Ba(OH) 2 0,5M vi V lt
et
dung Y cha HCl 1M v H 2 SO 4 2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dung dch Z c pH = 1 v m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 186,4. B. 233,0. C. 349,5. D. 116,5.

ng
Cu 20. Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH) 2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml
dung dch gm H 2 SO 4 0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X.Gi tr pH
ca dung dch X l:
a
A. 2 B. 7 C. 1 D. 6
kh
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn p n C
=n 0, 04 0,=03 0, 01 n= pu
NO2 0, 02 mol

0, 04 0, 02

= v (heso). [=truoc ] [ ] 2=
sau 0,1 0,1
0, 02mol / (l.s)
t 20
Cu 2. Chn p n A
Ch : Bnh 2 lt v h s ca H 2 O 2 l 2 cc bn nh!
244
0,3
2.
2.C M 2
= v = = 5.104
t 10.60
Cu 3. Chn p n C
Tmax Tmin 45 25 60 25
tmax 36 36
Ta c: 10
= 10 = = 3 3 10 = t= 46,188s
tmin 4 t
Cu 4. Chn p n D
150 gam dd 50 gam NaCl
900
n
.v
00 a = 60
(600 a) dd ( 200 a )
om
Cc bn nh: tan ca NaCl l s gam NaCl c trong 100 gam nc ch khng
phi 100 gam dung dch.Nhiu bn hay qun iu ny!
Cu 5. Chn p n D .c
n CuSO4 = 0, 2 mol

ok
Ta c: n HCl = 0,12 mol
n=
du
OH 0, 08 mol n Cu(OH)
= 0, 04 mol
n Ba =0,1 n OH =0, 2 mol
2
bo
n CuO = 0, 04 mol
m= 26,5
n BaSO4 = 0,1mol
et
Cu 6. Chn p n A
vi
n= n=NH 3 3

Ta c: n1 6+ y
ng
p1 24
n= 6 + y = =
2 3 p2 21
3
a
( )2
y = 18 K c = 4 = 0,013
kh
4,5 18 4,5
3
.
4 4
Cu 7. Chn p n B
V = [ A].[C H ]k 2k = 32 k = 5
C3 H 8
Ta c: y 4 x + y = 20
C x H y + 5O2 xCO2 + H 2O C4 H 4
2
Cu 8. Chn p n C
245
RCOOR ' CB H 2 O CB x.x =x 0,6 C

kc
= = = 2,25
RCOOH R 'OH (1 x)(1 x) x = 3 (loa i)
CB CB
Cu 9. Chn p n C
0,6.0,6 9 x2 x = 0,85
Ta c: K c= = =
0,4.0,4 4 (1 x)(3 x) x = 0,63(loa i)
Cu 10. Chn p n C
axit + ancol este + H 2 O
Ta c:
kc = 4 =
[este][ H 2 O] = 0,9.0,9
x = 2,925
[ ][ ]
n
axit ancol (1 0,9)(x 0,9)
.v
Cu 11. Chn p n A
Cu ny ta s dng h s nhit gii .Tuy nhin,kin thc cng hi ngoi
om
chng trnh THPT.
Tmax Tmin 65 25
tmax 243
Ta s dng cng thc sau: 10
= 10 =
.c = 3
tmin 3
45 25
243 243
ok
3 10
= = t = 27 (pht)
t 9
Cu 12. Chn p n D
bo
Dng ton ny khng c trong SGK hin hnh. Cho nn cng khng cn phi hc
nhng dng bi tp ny. Tuy nhin,mnh cng gip cc bn vn dng cng thc
gii bi ton kiu ny:
et
Tmax Tmin 80
tmax
= hay = = 256
= 28
vi
10 10 8
Ta s dng cng thc:
tmin
ng
Cu 13. Chn p n A
PH = 12 suy ra OH d.
a
n H+ = 0, 025 mol 0,5a 0, 025

Ta c [ OH ]du= = 0, 01 =
a 0, 06
kh
n OH = 0,5a mol 0,5

Cu 14. Chn p n B
Ch : Trn vi cc th tch bng nhau
n= H+
0,1(0, 75 + 0,15 + 0,=
6) 0,15

n OH = 0,1mol n BaSO4 = 0, 03 mol
Ta c:
n Ba2+ = 0, 05 mol n H+ = 0, 05 mol
n 2 = 0, 03 mol
SO4
Cu 15. Chn p n A
246
2 1,8V
Ta c: PH =1 H + =0,1 = V =1
1+ V
Cu 16. Chn p n B
1,8V 2
Ta c: PH = 13 H + = 1013 OH = 0,1 = V = 1,235
1+ V
Cu 17. Chn p n B
Ch : Mi dung dch axit c th tch 100 ml
= H + 0,1(0,1.2 + 0,2 + 0,3)
= 0,07
n
Ta c:
OH = V(0,2 + 0,29) = 0,49V

.v
0,07 0,49V
om
PH =2 =0,01 V =0,134
0,3 + V
Cu 18. Chn p n D
PH = 12 H + = 1012 OH = 102 n NaOH = 0,015 m = 0,345
.c
Cu 19. Chn p n D
ok
H + : V + 4V = 5V
Ta c:
OH : 0,86 + 1 =
bo
1,86
5V 1,86
PH =1 H + =0,1 = V =0, 4
1+ V
et
Ba : 0,5
2+
2 = m 0,5.BaSO
= 116,5g
vi
4
SO 4 : 2V = 0,8
ng
Cu 20. Chn p n A
n = 0,1(0, 2 + 0,1)
= 0, 03 mol
Ta c: OH
a
n=
H+
0, 4(0, 0375.2 + 0, 0125)
= 0, 035 mol
kh
n du
H+
= 0,005 H + = 0,01 PH =
2
CON NG T DUY S 7
BI TON S DNG PHNG TRNH ION
Con ng t duy:
Loi bi tp ny ni chung kh n gin chng ta ch cn nh 1 s tnh cht ca
ion sau p dng BTDT kt hp vi BTNT v BTKL l hu nh s gii quyt
c ht cc bi ton.
247
Mt s vn cn ch :
1) Cu(OH) 2 ,Zn(OH) 2 tan trong NH 3 d nhng Al(OH) 3 th khng.
(2) Qu trnh nhit phn cc mui v cc hidroxit.
(3) Tnh lng tnh ca Al(OH) 3 ,Zn(OH) 2 .
(4) Lng kt ta gm nhiu cht.
(5) Lng kt ta b tan 1 phn .
HNG DN VN DNG
Cu 1. Dung dch Y c cha cc ion: NH 4 +, NO 3 -, SO 4 2-. Cho dd Y tc dng vi
lng d dd Ba(OH) 2 , un nng thu c 11,65 gam kt ta v 4,48 lt kh (ktc).
n
Nu cho m gam dung dch Y cho tc dng vi mt lng bt Cu d v H 2 SO 4
.v
long d sinh ra V lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
om
A. 1,49. B. 1,87. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.
= n NH 0, 2 mol BTNT.Nito
= n NH+ 0, 2 mol
3 4

Ta c:=
n BaSO4 0, 05 mol
BTNT.S
= n SO2 0, 05 mol
.c
BTDT
4
n NO = 0,1mol
ok
3
+

Cu/ H
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
bo
=
n NO 0,1
= V 2,24(lit) Chn C
Cu 2. Dung dch A cha: 0,15 mol Ca2+ ; 0,6 mol Cl- ; 0,1 mol Mg2+ ; a mol
HCO 3 - ; 0,4 mol Ba2+. C cn dung dch A c cht rn B. Nung B trong khng
et
kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:

vi
A. 90,1. B. 102,2. C. 105,5. D. 127,2.

n 2+ = 0,15 mol
ng
Ca n Cl = 0, 6 mol
Ta c: n Mg2+ = 0,1mol
n HCO3 = a mol
a
n Ba2+ = 0, 4 mol
kh

BTDT
2(0,15 + 0,1 + 0,
= 4) 0, 6 + a
= a 0, 7 mol
0 0
B
t
CO32
t
O n O = 0,35 mol

=
BTKL
m 0,15.40 + 0,1.24 + 0, 4.137 + 0, 6.35,5 +=
0,35.16 90,1g
Cu 3. Mt dung dch cha hai cation l Al3+ (0,2 mol) v Fe2+ (0,1 mol). Trong
dung dch trn cn cha hai anion l Cl (x mol) v SO42 (y mol). Tm x v y bit
rng c cn dung dch trn thu c 46,9 gam hn hp mui khan.
A. 0,2 v 0,3 B. 0,3 v 0,2 C. 0,5 v 0,15 D. 0,6 v 0,1
248
n Al3+ = 0, 2 mol

n Fe2+ = 0,1mol
BTDT
x + 2y = 0,8
Ta c: BTKL
n
Cl = x mol 35,5x += 96y 46, 9 0, 2.27 0,1.56
n 2 = y mol
SO4
x = 0, 2 mol
Chn A
y = 0,3 mol
Cu 4. Dung dch X c to ra t 2 mui gm c cc ion: Al3+, Fe2+, SO 24 , Cl .
Chia dung dch X lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 em tc dng vi dung dch
n
Ba(OH) 2 d, thu c 6,46 gam kt ta. Phn 2 em tc dng vi dung dch NH 3
.v
d, thu ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i cn li 2,11
gam cht rn. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Khi lng mui trong
om
dung dch X c th l:
Ta xt trng hp: Hai mui l FeSO 4 a mol v AlCl 3 b mol (Trong 1 na X)
.c
n Fe(OH)2 = a mol
6, 46 90a + 233.a
= 6, 46 =
a 0, 02 mol
ok
n BaSO4 = a mol
n Fe O = 0,5a mol
bo
2,11 2 3 80a + 51b

= 2,11 =
b 0, 01mol
n Al2O3 = 0,5b mol
Trong X c: m = 2. ( 0,02.152 + 0,01.133,5) = 8,75 g
et
Cu 5. Dung dch X gm MgSO 4 v H 2 SO 4 .Thm m gam NaOH vo 250 ml dung

vi
dch X thu c 1,74 gam kt ta v dung dch Y gm 2 cation v 1 anion (b qua

s in li ca nc). C cn dung dch Y thu c 18,78 gam cht rn khan. Cho
ng
250 ml dung dch X tc dng va vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 thu c 37,26 gam
kt ta. Nng mol ca MgSO 4 trong dung dch X l:
a
A. 0,18M B. 0,32M C. 0,24M D. 0,48M

kh
m
n Na=+ = c
40
Ta c ngay: n MgSO4 = a mol NaOH
n Mg2= + a 0, 03
n H2SO4 = b mol
n SO24 = a+b

BTDT
c + 2(a 0,03)
= 2a + 2b
BTKL
96(a + b) + 24(a 0,03) + 23c = 18,78

X + Ba(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 : a BTKL
58.a + 233(a + b) = 37,26
BaSO 4 : a + b
249
a = 0, 08 mol

b = 0, 06 mol Chn B
c = 0,18 mol

Cu 6. Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO 3 nng a mol/l, thu c
2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 (d) thu
c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl 2 (d)
ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a,
m tng ng l:
A. 0,04 v 4,8. B. 0,14 v 2,4. C. 0,07 v 3,2. D. 0,08 v 4,8.
1 lit X + BaCl 2 n BaCO3 =
0,06
n
CaCO3 : 0, 06
.v

1 lit X + CaCl 2 Ca(HCO3 )2 t0
CaCO3 + CO2 + H 2 O n C = 0, 08 mol
om
0, 01

n= 2 0,12 mol n= NaOH 0,12 mol

.c = m 4,8g
CO3
2 lit X n HCO = 0, 02 mol
ok

3
n Na + = 0, 26 mol
bo
0,16
n= C 0,16 mol = a = 0, 08 M
2
Cu 7. Cho dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Al3+, 0,2 mol Mg2+, 0,2 mol NO 3 -, x mol Cl-,
et
y mol Cu2+. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d th thu c 86,1
gam kt ta.. Nu cho 850 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th khi
vi
lng kt ta thu c l:
ng

n=

= 0, 6 mol =
n AgCl x 0, 6 mol

BTDT
0,1.3 + 0, 2.2 +=
2y 0, 2 + 0, 6
= y 0, 05 mol
a
n Cu(OH) = 0, 05 mol
kh
D thy Al(OH 3 b tan 1 phn. n=

OH 0,85 mol =
m
20, 4 n =
Mg(OH)2 0, 2 mol

n Al(OH)3 = 0, 05 mol
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1. Cho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,05M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch
H 2 SO 4 x mol/l, thu c 400 ml dung dch X c pH = 2 v m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca x v m ln lt l:
A. 0,075 v 2,330. B. 0,075 v 17,475.
C. 0,060 v 2,330. D. 0,060 v 2,796.
250
Cu 2. Cho (x + 1,5y) mol Ba(OH) 2 vo dung dch cha x mol NH 4 +, y mol Ba2+
v z mol HCO 3 -, un nng nh. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc th thu c dung
dch
A. Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 . B. khng cha cht tan.
C. Ba(OH) 2 . D. cha Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 v NH 4 HCO 3 .
Cu 3. Cho 400 gam dung dch NaOH 16% vo 500 gam dung dch FeCl 3 16,25%
n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X. Khi lng ring ca dung dch X
bng 1,10 gam/cm3. Nng mol ca NaOH trong dung dch thu c c gi tr l:
A. 0,27M. B. 1,2M. C. 0,7M. D. 0,13M.
Cu 4. Dung dch A c cha: 0,05 mol SO 4 2-; 0,1 mol NO 3 -; 0,08 mol Na+; 0,05
mol H+ v K+. C cn dung dch A thu c cht rn B. Nung cht rn B n khi
n
lng khng i thu c cht rn C c khi lng l:
.v
A. 15,62 gam. B. 11,67 gam . C. 12,47 gam. D. 13,17 gam.
Cu 5. Cho 2 lt dung dch KOH c pH=13 vo 3 lt dung dch HCl c pH=2,n
om
phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y. pH ca dung dch Y c gi tr l:
A.12,53 B.2,40 C.3,20 D.11,57.
Cu 6. Mt loi nc cng c cha Ca 0,004 M ; Mg 0,003 M v HCO- 3 . Hy
2+
.c 2+
cho bit cn ly bao nhiu ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2 0,02 M bin 1 lt nc cng
thnh nc mm (cc phn ng xy ra hon ton v kt ta thu c gm
ok
CaCO 3 v Mg(OH) 2 ).
A. 300 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 500 ml. D. 400 ml.
bo
Cu 7. Cho 1,37 gam Ba vo 1 lt dung dch CuSO 4 0,01 M. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, khi lng kt ta thu c l:
et
A. 3,31 g B. 1,71 g C. 2,33 g D. 0,98 g

Cu 8. Cho 100ml dung dch A cha AgNO 3 0,06M v Pb(NO 3 ) 2 0,05M tc dng
vi
va vi 100ml dung dch B cha NaCl 0,08M v KBr .Tnh nng mol ca
KBr trong dung dch B v khi lng cht kt ta to ra trong phn ng gia hai
ng
dung dch A v B.Cho bit AgCl;AgBr;PbCl 2 u t tan

A.0,09M v 2gam B.0,08M v 2,5gam
a
C.0,07M v 2,2gam D.0,08M v 2,607gam

kh
Cu 9. Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm (x mol Fe; y mol Cu; z mol Fe 2 O 3 ; t

mol Fe 3 O 4 ) trong dung dch HCl khng c kh bay ra. Dung dch thu c ch
cha 2 mui. Quan h gia x, y, z, t l:
A. x + y= z + t B. x + y = 2z + 3t
C. x + y = 2z + 2t D. x + y = 2z + 2t
Cu 10. Dung dch X cha x mol Al3+, y mol Cu2+, z mol SO42-, 0,4 mol Cl-. C
cn dung dch X c 45,2 gam mui khan. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung
dch NH 3 ly d thu c 15,6 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x, y, z ln lt l:
A. 0,3; 0,1; 0,2. B. 0,2; 0,1; 0,2. C. 0,2; 0,2; 0,2. D. 0,2; 0,1; 0,3.
251
Cu 11. Dung dch E cha cc ion Mg2+,SO 4 2_,NH 4 +,Cl-. Chia dd E thnh 2 phn
bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi dd NaOH d,un nng,c 1,16g kt ta v
1,344lit kh(ktc). Phn 2 tc dng vi dd BaCl 2 d c 9,32g kt ta. Tng khi
lng cc cht tan trong dd E l:
A.18,33g B.10,7g C.6,11g D.12,22g
Cu 12. Cho 2,74 gam Ba vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,2M v CuSO 4 0,3M
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,94. B. 1,96. C. 5,64. D. 4,66.
Cu 13. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi
Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 0,6M v BaCl 2 0,4M th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 19,7gam. B. 14,775 gam. C. 23,64 gam. D. 11,82 gam.
.v
Cu 14. Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl xM
thu c dung dch cha 8,18 gam cht tan. Gi tr ca x l:
om
A. 0,82. B. 1,00. C. 1,52. D. 1,20.
+ 2+
Cu15. Mt dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Na ; 0,2 mol Ba ; x mol HCO 3 - v y mol
Cl-. C cn dd X ri ly cht rn em nung n khi lng khng i thu c
.c
43,6 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca X v Y ln lt l:
A. 0,1 v 0,4. B. 0,14 v 0,36. C. 0,45 v 0,05. D. 0,2 v 0,1
ok
Cu 16. C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na+ ,NH +4 ,CO32 va SO24 . Ly 100 ml
dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc).
bo
Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl 2 thy c 43
gam kt ta. Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH
et
thu c 4,48 lit kh NH3 (ktc). Tng khi lng mui trong 500 ml dung dch
vi
X l:
A. 43,1 gam. B. 86,2 gam. C. 119 gam. D. 23,8 gam.
ng
Cu 17. Cho hh X gm 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k k tip nhau vo 200 ml dd
cha BaCl 2 0,3 M v Ba(HCO3 )2 0,8M thu c 2,8 lt H 2 ( ktc) v m gam
a
kt ta. Gi tr m l:
kh
A. 31,52. B. 39,4 C. 43,34 D. 49,25

Cu 18. Cho 2,9 gam hn hp gm Cu ,Ag tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch c
pH = 1 gm HNO 3 5.10-2M, H 2 SO 4 . Sau khi phn ng xong thu c V lt NO(l
sn phm kh duy nht) v c 2 gam kim loi khng tan. Tnh gi tr ca V(ktc)
v tng khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng trn?
A. 1,8875 gam mui v V = 0,168 B. 1,8875 gam mui v V =0,14
C. 1,7875 gam mui v V =0,14 D. 1,7875 gam mui v V =0,168.
Cu 19. Dung dch X gm x mol Na 2 CO 3 , y mol NaHCO 3 v z mol K 2 CO 3 tc
dng vi H 2 SO 4 d thu c 13,44 lt CO 2 (ktc). Dung dch X cng tc dng va
vi dung dch cha 0,45 mol BaCl 2 . Nhn nh no sau y ng?
A. x + z = 0,9 B. x + y = 0,45 C. y = 0,15 D. y = 0,6
252
Cu 20. Trong mt cc nc cng cha x mol Ca2+, y mol Mg2+ v z mol HCO 3 -.
Nu ch dng Ca(OH) 2 nng k mol/l lm gim cng ca nc th thy khi
thm V lt Ca(OH) 2 vo cc th cng trong cc l nh nht. Biu thc tnh V
theo x, y, k l (bit ion Mg2+ kt ta di dng Mg(OH) 2 ) :
y+x y + 2x
A. V = B. V =
k k
2y + x y+x
C. V = D. V =
k 2k
Cu 21. Trn 100 ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 xM vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 12
thu c dung dch Z c pH = 2. Gi tr x l:
n
A. 0,04 M. B. 0,02 M. C. 0,03 M. D. 0,015 M.
Cu 22. Dung dch X cha cc ion : Ba ; Na ; HCO 3 ;Cl trong s mol Cl- l
.v
2+ + - -
0,24. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 9,85 gam kt
om
ta. Cho dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 15,76 gam
kt ta. Nu un si dung dch X n cn th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi
tr ca m l:
A.15,81 B.18,29
.c
C. 31,62 D.36,58
Cu 23. Trn cc dung dch HCl 0,75 M; HNO 3 0,15M ;H 2 SO 4 0,3 M vi cc th
ok
tch bng nhau th c dung dch X . Trn 300 ml dung dch X vi 200 ml dung
dch Ba(OH) 2 0,25 M thu c m gam kt ta v dung dch Y c pH =x. Gi tr
ca x v n ln lt l:
bo
A.1 v 2,23 gam B.1 v 6,99gam

C.2 v 2,23 gam D.2 v 11,65 gam
et
Cu 24. Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO 4 2-, NH 4 +, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh
hai phn bng nhau : Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng
vi
thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v 1,07 gam kt ta ; Phn hai tc dng vi lng d

ng
dung dch BaCl 2 , thu c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu
c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay hi)
a
Cu 25. C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na+, NH 4 +, CO 3 2- v SO 4 2-. Ly 100 ml

kh
dung dch X tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl thu 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Ly 100
ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl 2 thy c 43 gam kt
ta. Ly 100 ml dung dch X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thu 4,48 lt
kh NH 3 (ktc). Tnh tng khi lng mui c trong 500 ml dung dch X.
A.14,9 gam. B.11,9 gam. C. 86,2 gam. D. 119 gam.
Cu 26. Dung dch X cha cc ion sau: Al , Cu , SO 4 v NO 3 -. kt ta ht
3+ 2+ 2-
ion SO 4 2- c trong 250 ml dung dch X cn 50 ml dung dch BaCl 2 1M. Cho 500
ml dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 d th c 7,8 gam kt ta. C cn
500 ml dung dch X c 37,3 gam hn hp mui khan. Nng mol/l ca NO 3 -
l:
253
A. 0,2M. B. 0,3M. C. 0,6M. D. 0,4M.

Cu 27 bng nhau: Cho phn I tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c
0,58 gam kt ta v 0,672 lt kh (ktc). Phn II tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d,
c 4,66 gam kt ta. Tng khi lng cc cht tan trong dung dch E bng:
A. 6,11gam. B. 3,055 gam. C. 5,35 gam. D. 9,165 gam.
P N CHI TIT
n
Cu 1. Chn p n C
.v
nBa ( OH )2 = 0, 01 mol v pH = 2
= =
nH + 0,01. 0, 4 0,004 n =0, 02 + 0, 004 =0, 024 mol
om
H+
H SO : 0,012 mol
2 4
BaSO4 : 0,01 mol .c
Cu 2. Chn p n C
ok
OH : 2 x + 3 y
2+ BTT : x + 2y = z
Ba : x + 1,5 y + y
bo

(
n > n + + n
OH NH 4 HCO3 )
Dung dch l Ba(OH) 2
nBa2+ > nCO32
et
Cu 3. Chn p n D
vi
n NaOH = 1,6 m Fe(OH)3 = 53,5

du
ng
n FeCl3 = 0,5 n NaOH = 0,1

m dd 400 + 500 53,5 0,1
Vdd = = = 769,5 ml [ NaOH ] = = 0,13M
a
d 1,1 0,7695
kh
Cu 4. Chn p n B

BTDT
0, 05.2 =
+ 0,1 0, 08 + 0, 05 + n K + =
n K + 0, 07 mol
n SO2 = 0, 05 mol
4
= n 0, 05 mol XNO2
m C NO3 mC =
11, 67g
n K + = 0, 07 mol

n Na + = 0, 08 mol
Cu 5. Chn p n A
254
V = 5
0, 2 0, 03
PH =13 n OH =0, 2 mol [ OH ] = =0, 034 A
PH = 5
2 n H+ = 0, 03 mol
Cu 6. Chn p n C
n Ca2+ = 0,004 mol
BTNT
; n HCO
= 0,014 mol n CaCO
= = n C 0,014 mol
n Mg2+ = 0,003mol

3 3
n Cathem vao = 0,014 0,004 = 0,01mol

Cu 7. Chn p n A
n
n= 0, 01mol n OH= 0, 02 mol
.v

Ba n BaSO4 = 0, 01mol
n Cu2+ 0, 01mol m = m 3,31g
n Cu(OH)2 = 0, 01mol
om

n SO42 _ = 0, 01mol
Cu 8. Chn p n D
n Ag+ = 0, 006 mol

.c
n= 0, 05 mol =
ok
Pb 2 +
n Br 0, 008 mol

n Cl = 0, 08 mol
bo
Cu 9. Chn p n A
FeCl 2 : x + 2y + 3t
Hai mui l:
et
CuCl 2 : y
nCl
vi
O H 2 O 3z + 4t = 2(x + 2z + 3t) + 2y = 6z + 8t
2
ng
x + y =t + z
Cu 10. Chn p n B
a

NBTDT
3x + 2y= 2z + 0, 4 x = 0, 2 mol
BTKL
kh
27x + 64y + 96z + 0, 4.35,5

= 45, 2 =y 0,1mol
= =
n n Al(OH) 0,=
2 x z 0, 2 mol
=
3
Cu 11. Chn p n D
Trong mi phn c:
Phn 1 + NaOH ( Mg(OH) 2 : 0,02 mol ; NH 3 : 0,06 mol)
Phn 2: BaSO 4 : 0,04 mol
BTT 0,02. 2 + 0,06 = 0,04. 2 + Cl-
Cl- : 0,02 mol
m = m 4 ion = 12,22 g
255
Cu 12. Chn p n C
nH + = 0, 02 mol nCu ( OH ) = 0, 01 mol
m 2
m=
5, 64 g
=
Ba
n 0, 02 mol n = 0, 04 mol =
OH
BaSO4 0, 02 mol
n
Bi ton kh n gin. Tuy nhin vi cc bi tnh ton lin quan ti lng kt
ta thu c cc bn cn xem xt k kt ta gm nhng cht g? C b tan
khng? C b phn hy hay bin thnh cht khc khng?... y thng l nhng
loi by trong thi.
Cu 13. Chn p n A
n
n Ba2+ = 0,1mol
=
n 0,1mol A
.v
2
=
n HCO3 0,12 mol 0,12.CO3
om
Cu 14. Chn p n D
KCl : 0,1mol
= n KOH 0,1mol
TH1
8,18 = x 1, 2 mol
HCl : 0,1x 0,1mol.c
C p n D ri khng cn th TH2 na cc bn nh!
Cu 15. Chn p n B
ok
Bi ny cc bn ch nh. V mui Na 2 CO 3 khng b nhit phn

BTDT
x + y = 0,5
bo
Nhn vo p n loi ngay v D.Ta s gi s khng c mui Na 2 CO 3 trc

BaO : 0,5x BaCO3

et
2+
Ba : 0, 2 0,5x
(x < 0,4): 43, 6 +
vi
Na : 0,1mol
Cl : y mol
ng

x + y 0,5= x 0,14 mol

a
76,5x + 137(0, 2 0,5x) + 2,3 + 35,5y

= 43, 6 = y 0,36 mol
kh
Cu 16. Chn p n C
NH 4+ : a mol HCl b =0,1mol
2
(100 ml) : CO3 : b mol 197.b + 233.c= 43 c= 0,1mol
2 NH a =0, 2 mol
SO 4 : c mol 3
m = 23,5.5 = 119 gam

Cu 17. Chn p n C
n H2 = 0,125 n OH- = 0,25 mol
Ba2+ : 0,06 + 0,16 = 0,22 mol
HCO 3 - : 0,16. 2 = 0,32 mol
256
n BaCO3 = 0,22 mol

Cu 18. Chn p n B
HNO3 : 0, 0125 mol
H = 0,1 n H+ =
+
0, 025
H 2 SO 4 : 0, 00625 mol
+
4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
0, 025
n= NO = 0, 00625 mol = V 0,14
4
tnh khi lng mui ta i p dng LBTKL (ch l H+ ht)
0, 9 g : kim loai

n
m NO3 : 0, 0125
= 0, 00625 0, 00625 mol
= m 1,8875 g
.v
2
SO 4 : 0, 00625
om
Cu 19. Chn p n C
Ta c:
BTNT.C
x + y + z= 0,6
=
BTNT.Ba
x + z 0, 45 = y 0,15 .c
Cu 20. Chn p n C
Ta c 2x + 2y = z . cng nh nht khi kt ta va ht.
ok
BTDT
2y + z z 2y + x
n ca n du ng
OH
= 2y + z n Ca(OH) =
2
= y + = kV V =
2 k
bo
Cu 21. Chn p n D
n H+ = 0, 2x 0, 2x 0,001
et
Ta c: PH = 2 H + = 0,01 = x = 0,015
OH
n = 0,001 0, 2
vi
Cu 22. Chn p n C
trnh nhm ln ta lm vi c dung dch X (khng chia phn).
ng
V lng kt ta khi cho lng d Ba(OH) 2 > NaOH nn ta c ngay:

Vi th nghim 1 = : n 0,1 mol = n Ba 2+ 0,1mol
a
Vi th nghim 2: =
n 0,16 mol n HCO
= 0,16 mol
kh

=n Na + 0,16 + 0, 24 0,1.2
BTDT
= 0, 2 mol
Ch : Khi un nng 2HCO3 CO32
=
BTKL
m 0,1.137 + 0, 2.23 + 0,08.60 + 0,= 24.35,5 31,62
Cu 23. Chn p n B
n H+ = 0,15 mol 0,15 0,1
Ta c: H + = = 0,1 PH= 1
OH
n = 0,1mol 0,5
257
n SO24 = 0, 03mol
=
m 0, 03.233
= 6,99 g
n Ba 2+ = 0, 05 mol
Cu 24. Chn p n C
Ta tnh ton cc s liu vi X/2.
NH 3
BTNT.N
n NH+ = 0, 03 mol
Vi phn 1 ta c: 0,5.X + NaOH 4
Fe(OH) 3
BTNT.Fe
n Fe3+
= 0, 01mol
Vi phn 2 ta c: 0,5.X + BaCl 2 BaSO 4
BTNT.S
n SO2 = 0, 02 mol
4

n Cl +=
BTDT
0, 02.2 0, 01.3 + 0, 03.1 =
n Cl 0, 02 mol
n
m X= 2 ( 0, 03.18 + 0, 01.56 + 0, 02.96 + 0, 02.35,5 )= 7, 46

BTKL
.v
Cu 25. Chn p n D
om
Ta tnh ton s liu vi 100 ml dung dch X.
100 ml X + HCl CO2
BTNT.C
n CO2 = 0,1mol
3
100 ml X + NaOH NH 3
n NH+ = 0, 2 mol
BTNT.N .c 4
BaCO3 BTNT.(C +S) 43 0,1.197

ok
100 ml X + BaCl 2
= n SO2 = 0,1mol
BaSO 4
4
233

BTDT
n Na + =
+ 0, 2 0,1.2 + 0,1.2 =
n Na + 0, 2 mol
bo

=
BTKL
m X 5 ( 0,1.60 + 0, 2.18 + 0,1.96 =
+ 0, 2.23 ) 119 g
Cu 26. Chn p n C
et
Ta s x l s liu vi 500 ml dung dch X.

vi
X + BaCl 2 BaSO 4
BTNT.S
= = 0,1
n SO2 0,05.2.1
4
X + NH 3 Al ( OH )3
ng

BTNT.Al
n Al3+ = 0,1

BTKL
0,1.96 + 0,1.27 + 64n Cu2+ + 62n NO =
37,3 64n Cu2+ + 62n NO =
25
3 3
a

2.n Cu2+ +=
BTDT
0,1.3 0,1.2 + n NO n NO 2.n
= Cu2+
0,1
kh
3 3
n NO = 0,3mol
3 NO3 =
0,6
n Cu2+ = 0,1mol
Cu 27. Chn p n A
Ta s i tnh ton vi 0,5.E
Mg(OH)2 BTNT.Mg
n Mg2+ = 0,01

Vi phn I : 0,5E + NaOH
NH 3 n NH+ = 0,03
BTNT.N
4
Vi phn II: 0,5E + BaCl 2 BaSO 4 n SO2 = 0, 02 mol

BTNT.S
4
258

BTDT
0, 01.2=
+ 0, 03 0, 02.2 + n Cl =
n Cl 0, 01mol

=BTKL
m E 2 ( 0, 01.24 + 0, 03.18 + 0, 02.96 + =
0, 01.35,5 ) 6,11g
CON NG T DUY S 8
n
BI TON KH OXIT KIM LOI BNG (C,CO,H 2 )
.v
Con ng t duy:
Xem nh cc cht kh: C,CO,H 2 ,Al cp O trong oxit.
om
Vi bi ton dng ny cn ch :
(1) Vn dng trit L BTNT c th kt hp vi cc LBT khc.
(2) H 2 v CO ch kh cc oxit ca kim loi sau Al 2 O 3 (khng kh c
.c
Al 2 O 3 ).
(3) Vi C nhit 20000C s xy ra : 2Al 2 O 3 + 9C Al 4 C 3 + 6CO
ok
HNG DN VN DNG
bo
Cu 1. Nung nng m gam C vi hn hp X gm (MgO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 ) trong bnh

kn, sau phn ng hon ton thy khi lng rn gim 7,2 gam v thu c V lt
kh Y. Sc Y vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d xut hin 10 gam kt ta. Gi tr m l:
et
A.1,8 B. ,4 C. ,6 D. ,8
vi
D thy khi lng gim chnh l C v O b cp trong X.

CO : a mol 28a + 44b = 7, 2 a = 0,1mol
BTKL
ng
Ta c: C
BTNT.C

CO2 : b mol =b n=
0,1 b = 0,1mol
= = 2, 4 Chn B
m 12.0,2
a
Cu 2. Dn mt lung kh CO d qua ng s ng Fe 3 O 4 v CuO nung nng n

kh
khi phn ng hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra khi
bnh c dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 5 gam kt ta. Tng s
gam 2 oxit ban u l:
A. 6,24. B. 5,32. C. 4,56. D. 3,12.
= n 0, 05
BTNT
n O = n=
trong oxit
CO2 =n 0, 05 mol
Ta c : BTKL
m m(KL;O)
= = 2,32 + 0, 05.16 = 3,12 g
Cu 3. Dn mt lung kh CO qua ng s ng m gam hn hp CuO, Fe 2 O 3 ,
Fe 3 O 4 v Al 2 O 3 ri cho kh thot ra hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong d
259
thu c 15 gam kt ta. Cht rn cn li trong ng s c khi lng 215,0 gam.

Gi tr ca m l:
A. 217,4. B. 219,8. C. 230,0. D. 249,0.
=n 0,15
BTNT
=
n O n=CO2 =n 0,15 mol
Ta c: BTKL

= m m(KL;O)= 215 + 0,15.16 = 217, 4 g
Cu 4. Cho 4,48 lt kh CO ( ktc) t t i qua ng s nung nng ng 8 gam mt
oxit st n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton. Kh thu c sau phn ng c t khi
so vi hiro bng 20. Cng thc ca oxit st v phn trm th tch ca kh CO 2
trong hn hp kh sau phn ng.
A. Fe 2 O 3 ; 65%. B. Fe 3 O 4 ; 75%. C. FeO; 75%. D. Fe 2 O 3 ; 75%.
n
CO2 : a mol 44a + 28(0, 2 a)
0, 2 mol CO BTNT
= = a 0,15 mol
.v
40
CO : 0, 2 a 0, 2
om
8 0,15.16
=
n Otrong oxit 0,15 mol =
BTKL
n Fe = 0,1mol Fe2 O3
56
Cu 5. (B-2009) Nung nng m gam Al v Fe 3 O 4 trong iu kin khng c khng
.c
kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn X. Cho X tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Sc
ok
kh CO 2 d vo dung dch Y thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 48,3 B. 57,0 C. 45,6 D. 36,7
X + NaOH c kh H 2 chng t Al d.
bo
=
C ngay: n H2 0,15 mol
=BTE
n du
Al 0,1mol
et
0,5 0,1
=n =
n Al(OH)3 0,5 mol
BTNT.Al
=
n Al2O3 = 0, 2 mol
2
vi

BTNT.O
n Fe3O4 = 0,15 mol =
BTKL
m 0,5.27 + 0,15.232
= 48,3g
ng
Cu 6. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm Al v Cr 2 O 3 trong iu kin

khng c khng kh. Sau mt thi gian thu c 21,95 gam hn hp X. Chia X
thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 vo lng d dung dch HCl long nng,
a
thu c 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Ha tan phn 2 vo lng d dung dch NaOH c

kh
nng, thu c 1,68 lt H 2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng ca phn 1 v phn 2 u xy

ra hon ton. Hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm l:
A. 30,0% B. 60,0%. C. 75,0%. D. 37,5%.
Ch : Cr khng tc dng vi NaOH cc bn nh !
260
Al : a mol
P2=: 3a 0, 075.2= a 0, 05 mol
21, 95 Cr : b mol
= 10, 975
BTE
P1 : =
3a + 2b 0,15.2 = b 0, 075 mol
2 Al 2 O3 : c mol
Cr2 O3 : d mol = c 0, 0375 = d 0, 0125 mol
BT (NT + KL) Al : 0,125 mol 0, 05 0, 0125

10, 975 H= = 75%
Cr2 O3 : 0, 05 mol 0, 05
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1. Dn t t V lt kh CO ( ktc) i qua mt ng s ng lng d hn hp
n
rn gm CuO, Fe 2 O 3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo lng d dung dch Ca(OH) 2 th to
.v
thnh 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
om
A. 0,896. B. 1,120. C. 0,224. D. 0,448.
Cu 2. Thi hn hp kh CO v H 2 qua m gam hn hp X gm Fe 2 O 3 ,CuO v
Fe 3 O 4 c t l mol 1:2:3.Sau phan ng thu c 142,8 gam cht rn Y . Ha tan Y
trong dd HNO 3 long d thu c 0,55 mol kh NO (spkdn) v dung dch Z.C cn
.c
Z thu c Phong gam cht rn khan.Gi tr ca Phong gn nht vi :
ok
A.511 B.412 C. 455 D.600
Cu 3. Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al 2 O 3 nung
nng n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c
bo
trong hn hp ban u l:
Cu 4. Ho tan hon ton 20,0 gam mt oxit kim loi bng dung dch H 2 SO 4 long
et
thu c 50,0 gam mui. Kh hon ton lng oxit thnh kim loi nhit
cao cn V lt kh CO (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
vi
A. 2,80. B. 5,60. C. 6,72. D. 8,40.

Cu 5. Chia 47,2 gam hn hp gm CuO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 thnh 2 phn bng
ng
nhau. Phn 1 kh hon ton bng CO d nhit cao thu c 17,2 gam 2
kim loi. Phn 2 cho tc dng va vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, thu c m
a
gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
kh
A. 124,0. B. 49,2. C. 55,6. D. 62,0.

Cu 6. Cho H 2 d qua 8,14 gam hn hp A gm CuO, Al 2 O 3 v Fe x O y nung
nng. Sau khi phn ng xong, thu c 1,44g H 2 O v a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca a
l
A. 6,70. B. 6,86. C. 6,78. D. 6,80.
Cu 7. Kh m gam hn hp X (cha Fe 3 O 4 v Fe 2 O 3 c s mol bng nhau) bng
CO trong mt thi gian thu c 25,6 gam hn hp cht rn Y. Cho hn hp Y
tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 d th thu c sn phm kh ch gm 2 kh NO v
NO 2 , c th tch l 4,48 lt ( ktc) v c t khi so vi H 2 bng 19. Gi tr ca m
l:
261
A. 15,68. B. 28,22. C. 31,36. D. 37,12.

Cu 8. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm 50,85 gam hn hp X cha Al, CuO, Fe 3 O 4
c s mol bng nhau trong iu kin khng c khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu
c hn hp X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c nng, d thu c V lt
kh SO 2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36. B. 2,24. C. 6,72. D. 1,12.
Cu 9. Nung m gam hn hp(Al,Fe x O y ) trong iu kin khng c khng kh n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp X. Chia X lm 2 phn:
Phn 1: C khi lng bng 40,2g. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi mt lng d dd
H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c 20,16 lt SO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht).
Phn 2: Cho tc dng ht vi dd NaOH d,sau phn ng thu c 3,36lit
n
H 2 (ktc) v cn li 5,6g cht rn khng tan. Cng thc oxit v gi tr ca m l:
.v
A. Fe 3 O 4 v 26,9g B. Fe 2 O 3 v 28,8g
om
C. Fe 2 O 3 v 26,86g D. Fe 2 O 3 v 53,6g
Cu 10. Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm hon ton m gam hn hp X gm bt Al
v Fe x O y trong iu kin khng c khng kh thu c hn hp Y. Nghin nh,
trn u hn hp Y ri chia thnh 2 phn: .c
Phn 1: c khi lng 14,49 gam c ha tan ht trong dung dch HNO 3
ok
long, d, un nng thu c dung dch Z v 0,165 mol NO (sn phm kh duy
nht).
Phn 2: em tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d un nng thu c 0,015 mol kh
bo
H 2 v cn li 2,52 gam cht rn. Cng thc ca oxit st v gi tr ca m ln lt l:

A. Fe 3 O 4 v 28,98. B. Fe 2 O 3 v 28,98.
et
C. Fe 3 O 4 v 19,32. D. FeO v 19,32.

Cu 11. Trn 0,25 mol bt Al vi 0,15 mol bt Fe 2 O 3 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit
vi
nhm trong iu kin khng c khng kh (gi s ch c phn ng kh Fe 2 O 3 v Fe),

ng
thu c hn hp rn X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu

c 0,15 mol H 2 v cn li m gam cht rn khng tan. Hiu sut phn ng nhit
nhm v gi tr ca m ln lt l:
a
A. 60% v 20,40. B. 50% v 30,75.

kh
C. 50% v 40,80. D. 60% v 30,75.

Cu 12. Trn u 6,102 gam hn hp Al, Fe 3 O 4 v CuO (cc cht c cng s mol)
ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp X. Cho X tc dng vi dung
dch HNO 3 d c V ml ( ktc) hn hp kh NO 2 v NO theo t l mol tng
ng l 1 : 1. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 806,4. B. 604,8. C. 403,2. D. 645,12.
Cu 13. Nung nng hn hp gm bt Al v bt Fe 3 O 4 trong mi trng khng c
khng kh (xy ra phn ng nhit nhm, hiu sut 100%). Cc cht sau phn ng
cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 6,72 lt kh H 2 (ktc), cng lng
262
cht ny nu tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long (d) thu c 26,88 lt kh H 2

(ktc). Khi lng bt Al v Fe 3 O 4 trong hn hp u ln lt l
A. 27 gam v 34,8 gam. B. 27 gam v 69,6 gam.
C. 54 gam v 69,6 gam. D. 54 gam v 34,8 gam.
Cu14. Mt oxit kim loi b kh hon ton cn 1,792 lit kh CO (ktc) thu c m
gam kim loi R. Ha tan ht m gam R bng dung dch HNO 3 c nng thu c
4,032 lit kh NO 2 duy nht (ktc). CTPT ca oxit l:
A.Cr 2 O 3 . B.CrO. C.Fe 3 O 4 . D.FeO.
Cu 15. Cho V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H 2 phn ng vi mt lng d
hn hp rn gm CuO v Fe 3 O 4 nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
n
A.0,224. B.0,112. C.0,448. D.0,560.
.v
Cu 16. C mt loi oxit st dng luyn gang. Nu kh oxit st ny bng
Cacbon oxit nhit cao, ngi ta thu c 0,84 gam St v 0,448 lt kh CO 2
om
(ktc). Cng thc ho hc ca loi oxit st ni trn l:
A. Fe 3 O 4 B. Fe 2 O 4 C. FeO D. Fe 2 O 3
Cu 17. Cho lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe 2 O 3 nhit cao mt
.c
thi gian, ngi ta thu c 6,72 gam hn hp gm 4 cht rn khc nhau. em ho
tan hon ton hn hp rn ny vo dung dch HNO 3 d to thnh 0,448 lt kh NO
ok
(ktc). Gi tr m l:
A. 8,2 B. 8 C. 7,2 D. 6,8
bo
Cu 18. Trn 0,54 gam bt Al vi hn hp bt Fe 2 O 3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn

ng nhit nhm nhit cao trong iu kin khng c khng kh thu c hn
et
hp rn X. Ho tan X trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c 0,896 lt (ktc) hn hp kh

Y gm NO 2 v NO. T khi ca X so vi H 2 l:
vi
A. 20 B. 22 C. 23 D. 21
Cu 19. Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d,
ng
un nng n phn ng hon ton thu c 28,7 gam hn hp X. Cho X tc dng

vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt kh H 2 (ktc). V c gi tr l:
a
A. 5,6 lt B. 11,2 lt C. 6,72 lt D. 4,48 lt

Cu 20. t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe 2 O 3 (trong iu kin khng
kh
c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp cht rn X.

Cho X tc dng va vi V ml dung dch NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc) .
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 100 B. 300 C. 200 D. 150
Cu 21. Nung hn hp bt gm Al v Fe 2 O 3 trong bnh kn mt thi gian thu c
hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 v Al. Ha tan ht X bng dung dch
HNO 3 d thu c 1,344 lit (ktc) kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht). Khi lng
ca Al trong hn hp ban u l:
263
Cu 22. Kh 32 gam Fe 2 O 3 bng CO nhit cao, thu c hn hp cht rn X.

Cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 72,6 B. 74,2 C. 96,8 D. 48,4
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn p n A
= n 0, 04 mol =
BTNT
n CO2 0, 04 =
mol V 0,896 lit
Cu 2. Chn p n C
Ch : D l CO hay H 2 mi phn t cng cp c 1 nguyn t O. Do :
Fe2 O3 : a
n
m m Y 1016a 142,8
Ta c : m CuO : 2a
BTKL
= n OBi khu =
16 16
.v
Fe O : 3a
3 4
1016a 142,8
om

BTE
3a.1 + = =
.2 0,55.3 a 0,15
16
BTNT (Cu + Fe) Fe(NO3 )3 :1,65

Cu(NO3 )2 : 0,3

BTKL
Phong = 455,7 (gam) Chn C
.c
ok
Cu 3. Chn p n C
bo
Ch : CO ch cp c O trong CuO. Do c ngay :

9,1 8,3
BTKL
= n Otrong CuO = 0, 05 mol= m CuO =0, 05.80 4 g
16
et
Cu 4. Chn p n D
D thy:
vi
=
20 m KL + 16a
= n SO=
n Otrong oxit a(mol) = a 0,375 mol V= 8, 4 lit
ng
=
50 m KL + 96a
4
Cu 5. Chn p n C
a
47, 2 17, 2 gam KL

= 23, 6
kh
2 6, 4 gam O n O = n SO24 = 0, 4 mol

BTKL
= m 17, 2 + 0,=
4.96 55, 6 g
Cu 6. Chn p n B
n H 2O =
0, 08 mol n Otrong oxit bi cuop =
0, 08 mol
=
BTKL
a 8,14 0,08.16
= 6,86
Cu 7. Chn p n C
264
Fe : a mol BTKL
25, 6 56a + 16b = 25, 6
O : b mol

0,5Y 0, 2 NO : 0,1mol Y NO : 0, 2 mol BTE
=
3a 2b + 0, 2.3 + 0, 2

NO 2 : 0,1mol NO 2 : 0, 2 mol
a = 0, 4 mol

b = 0,2 mol
Fe O : x mol BTNT.Fe
X: 3 4 3x + 2x
== a 0, 4 =
x 0, 08 mol
Fe2 O3 : x mol
n
=
m 0, 08(232 += 160) 31,36 g
.v
Cu 8. Chn p n C
Al : 0,15 mol
om
Al : 0,15 mol Cu : 0,15 mol

50,85 CuO : 0,15 mol BTNT

Fe O : 0,15 mol Fe : 0, 45 mol
3 4 .c
O : 0, 75 mol

BTE
0,15.3 + 0,15.2 + 0,
= 45.3 2n SO2 + 0, 75.2
= n SO2 0,3 mol
ok
bo
Cu 9. Chn p n D
Al : a mol
( 56 + 27 ) a + 102b =
et
40, 2 a = 0,3 mol 1

P 2 Fe : a mol mP 2 = mP1
6a = 1,8
b = 0,15 mol 3
vi
Al2O 3: b mol
m = 40,2 + 40,3/3 = 53,6g
ng
Cu 10. Chn p n C
Fe : 0, 045 mol n Al = a mol
a
Vi phn 2: P2 nFe= 4,5n Al P1

Al : 0, 01 mol nFe = 4,5a mol
kh

BTE
3a =
+ 4,5a.3 0,165.3
= a 0, 03 mol
14, 49
m =14, 49 + =19,32 g
3
Vi phn 1:
Fe : 0,135 mol 14, 49 mFe mAl
= n Al2 O3 = 0, 06 mol
Al : 0, 03 mol 102
nFe 0,135 3
= = Fe3O4
nO 0,06.3 4
265
y l bi ton tng i hay.Nhiu bn hay lng tng ch chia phn (v cc

phn khng bng nhau).Cc bn ch : T mt hn hp ban u ta em chia thnh
bao nhiu phn th t l cc cht trong mi phn vn khng thay i.
Cu 11. Chn p n A
D thy ta phi tnh hiu sut theo Al v s mol nguyn t Fe = 0,3 > 0,25 (s
mol Al)

BTNT.Al
Al 2 O3 : 0, 075 mol

0,15.2 Al : 0,1mol
= n H2 0,15 mol =
BTE
n du
Al = 0,1mol X
3 Fe : 0,15 mol

BTNT.Fe
Fe2 O3 : 0, 075 mol

n
0,15
= = 60%
H 0,
.v
25
m = m(Fe;Fe O ) =
0,15.56 + 0, 075.160 =
om
2 3 20, 4 g
Cu 12. Chn p n A
T duy: p dng BTE cho c qu trnh.
Al : 0, 018 mol

.c
Ta c: 6,102 Fe3O 4 : 0, 018 mol
=
BTE
n e 0, 018(3
= + 1) 0, 072 mol
ok
CuO : 0, 018 mol

NO2 : a mol
bo
n e = a + 3a = 0, 072 a = 0, 018 mol

NO : a mol

= V 2.a.22,= 4 0,8064 lit
et
Cu 13. Chn p n B
Hn hp sau phn ng tc dng vi NaOH c kh H 2 nn Al d
vi
0,3.2
Al : a mol = a = 0, 2 mol
NaOH
ng
3

Cht rn sau phn ng: Fe : b mol 2 3a=
H
+ 2b 1, 2.2=
b 0, 9 mol
a
Al O
2 3
kh
Fe3O 4 : 0,3 mol

BTNT.Fe
Al :1mol
BTNT.Oxi
Al 2 O3 : 0, 4 mol Fe3O 4 : 0,3 mol
Cu14. Chn p n C
BTNT
n= CO =n O 0,08
0,18
V kim loi ha tr 3 : C ngay n NO2 = 0,18 n KL = = 0, 06 mol
3
266
n KL 0,06 3
Khi c ngay : = =
n O 0,08 4
Cu 15. Chn p n C
Nhn xt: Bn cht ca CO v H 2 ging nhau l u i cp O t cc oxit v s
mol hn hp kh lun khng i v:
CO + O CO2 ; H 2 + O H 2 O
0,32
Do : =
BTNT.Oxi
V n=
O .22, 4 = .22, 4 0, 448 lit
16
Cu 16. Chn p n A
Fe : 0, 015 mol
n
Ta c:
=
oxit
Fe : O 0,=
015 : 0, 02 3: 4
CO 2 : 0, 02 mol
.v
Cu 17. Chn p n C
om
Fe : a mol = 56a + 16b =
6, 72 a 0, 09 mol
BTKL
Ta c: 6, 72 BTE
O : b mol = 3a 2b + 0, 02.3 b = 0,105 mol

BTNT.Fe
=
0, 09
n Fe2O3 = 0, 045 mol=
2
.c
m 7, 2g
ok
Cu 18. Chn p n D
c qu trnh ch c Al thay i s oxi ha cn st v ng khng thay i
bo
s oxi ha.
NO 2 : a mol a + b = 0, 04
Ta c: n Al 0, 02; 0, 04 BTE
NO : b mol 0, 02.3
= a + 3b
et
0,03.46 + 0,01.30
vi
a = 0, 03mol M 0,04
= X = 21
b = 0, 01mol H2 2
ng
Cu 19. Chn p n D
: Khi cho CO qua oxit th n cp oxi ca oxit (tr vi oxit).
a
Do n H2 = n Obi CO cuop
kh
31, 9 28, 7
n Obi CO =
cuop
= 0, 2 mol V =H2 =
0, 2.22, 4 4, 48(lit)
16
Cu 20. Chn p n B
V X tc dng NaOH c kh H 2 nn Al d.
Al BTE 0,15.2
=n trong = 0,1mol
X
Al
X gm Al 2 O3 3
Fe
BTNT
n Al2O3 = 0,1mol
trong X

BTNT.Na
= n Al 0,3 mol
n NaAlO2 =
267
Cu 21. Chn p n D
bi c li cht (hn hp X ng ra phi c Al 2 O 3 ).Tuy nhin tng ca
bi ton l BTE cho c qu trnh (xem nh ch c Al thay i s oxi ha).
Ta c:
BTE

= n Al =
n NO 0,06
= m 1,62
Cu 22. Chn p n C

BTNT.Fe
n=
Fe2O3 0, 2 n Fe=
( NO3 ) 0, 4 mol =
m 96,8g
3
CON NG T DUY S 9
BI TON CO 2 SO 2 TC DNG VI KIM
n
Con ng t duy :
.v
Trong rt nhiu ti liu,rt nhiu ngi vit v loi bi ton ny.Cng c rt
om
nhiu nhng kiu cng thc khc nhau.Tuy nhin,theo anh ngh nhng cng thc
m nh ht cng m.V vi kiu ra hin hay ca B th nhiu cng thc s
khng dng c.Do ch quan mnh a ra cch gii nh sau:
.c
Khi cho CO 2 vo OH th CO 2 s lm 2 nhim v :
Nhim v 1 : a CO32 nn cc i.
ok
CO2 + 2OH CO32 + H 2 O
Nhim v 2 (CO 2 d): a CO32 v thnh HCO3
bo
CO2 + CO32 + H 2O 2 HCO3

et
Do x l nhanh loi ton ny cc bn phi xem CO 2 lm my nhim v ?

Thng th cc bi ton u cho CO 2 lm c 2 nhim v v nhim v 2 cha
vi
hon thnh (c 2 mui)

Ch : Nu c 2 mui to ra th n= n OH n CO2
ng
CO2 3
OH
Bc 1: Tnh s mol
a
CO2
kh
Bc 2: Nhm xem c my loi mui to ra.(Tnh s mol CO32 ;HCO3 )

n OH
1< < 2 th c hai loi mui to thnh.
n CO2
n OH n OH
2 CO32 < 1 HCO3
n CO2 n CO2
Bc 3:Nhm ra p s(Ch so snh s mol CO32 vi Ba 2+ ; Ca 2+ tnh

lng kt ta)
Ch : Mt s bi ton khng mu mc cc em cn t duy
268
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1. Cho 0,012 mol CO 2 hp th bi 200 ml NaOH 0,1M v Ca(OH) 2 0,01M.
Khi lng mui c l?
nOH = 0, 024 mol
Ta c ngay:
nCO2 = 0, 012 mol
n CO32 = 0, 012 mol

=
n OH 2n CO2 =
BTKL
m 1, 26 =n Ca 2+ 0, 002 mol
n

n Na + = 0, 02 mol
.v
Cu 2. Thi CO 2 vo dd cha 0,02 mol Ba(OH) 2 . Gi tr khi lng kt ta bin
om
thin trong khong no khi CO 2 bin thin trong khong t 0,005 mol n 0,024
mol?
A. 0 gam n 3,94 g B. 0,985 gam n 3,94 g
C. 0 gam n 0,985 g
D thy CO 2 lm hai nhim v:
.c
D. 0,985 gam n 3,152 g
ok
Nhim v 1 a kt ta t 0,005.197=0,985 nn cc i (3,94 gam).
Nhim v 2 ha tan 1 phn kt ta t 3,94 xung cn 3,125.
bo
n OH= 0, 04 mol mmin

= 0, 005.197
= 0,985g
0, 005 n CO2 0, 024
n Ba=
2+ 0, 02 mol mmax
= 3,94g
et
Chn B
Cc bn ch bi ton hi on bin thin nn chn B ch khng phi D.
vi
Nhiu bn hay b mc li sai ny.

ng
Cu 3. Sc 2,24 lt (ktc) CO 2 vo 100 ml hn hp dung dch gm KOH 1M v

Ba(OH) 2 0,75M.Sau khi kh b hp th hon ton thy to m gam kt ta.Gi tr
m l:
a
A. 19,7 g B. 14,775 g C. 23,64 g D. 16,745 g

kh
n OH = 0, 25 mol
Ta c: n OH = 0, 25 > 2n CO2
n CO2 = 0,1mol
n CO2 = 0,1
3 = = 14, 775g Chn B
m 0, 075.197
n Ba 2+ = 0, 075
Cu 4. Hp th ton b 0,3 mol CO 2 vo dung dch cha 0,25 mol Ca(OH) 2 . khi
lng dung dch sau phn ng tng hay gim bao nhiu gam?
A. Tng 13,2 gam B. Tng 20 gam
C. Gim 16,8 gam D. Gim 6,8 gam
269
n OH = 0,5mol 1 n CO32 = 0,5 0,3 = 0, 2 mol

Ta c: n OH = 0, 25 < 0,3
n CO2 = 0,3mol 2 n HCO3 = 0,1mol
m = 0,3.44 0, 2.100 = 6,8 Chn D
Cu 5. (Trch thi khi A 2011 ) t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm
axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm
chy vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam kt ta v dung
dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 ban u thay i
nh th no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam. B. Gim 7,74 gam.
C. Tng 7,92 gam. D. Gim 7,38 gam.
n
n= n CaCO3
BTNT.C
n CO= n= 0,18
.v
2
V cc cht u c 2 lin kt nn ta c ngay :
om
C n H 2 n 2 O2 nCO2 + ( n 1) H 2 O
0,18(14n + 30)
= 3, 42n
= n 6
3, 42 0,18
m(CO ;H O) m
n=
H2 O 0,15 =
m 2 2
.c

= 0,18.44 + 0,15.18 18 = 7,38 Chn D

ok
Cu 6.( Trch thi khi B 2011 ) Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo
100 ml dung dch gm K 2 CO 3 0,2M v KOH x mol/lt , sau khi cc phn ng xy
bo
ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2
(d), thu c 11,82 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,0 B . 1,4 C. 1,2 D. 1,6
et
11,82
n= = 0, 06 do Y phi cha hai mui .
vi
BaCO3
197
n K CO = 0, 06 mol
ng
Ta c ngay : = n C 0,1 + 0,1.0,2

= 0,12 mol BTNT.C
2 3
n KHCO3 = 0, 06 mol

BTNT.K
K 0, 06.2=
= + 0, 06 0,1(2.0,2 +=
x) x 1, 4
a
kh
Cu 7. (Trch thi khi A 2012) t chy hon ton 4,64 gam mt

hirocacbon X (cht kh iu kin thng) ri em ton b sn phm chy hp
th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 . Sau cc phn ng thu c 39,4 gam
kt ta v khi lng phn dung dch gim bt 19,912 gam. Cng thc phn t ca
X l:
A. C 3 H 4 . B. CH 4 . C. C 2 H 4 . D. C 4 H 10 .
Ta c ngay: m=
m m ( CO ;H O=)
2 2 19,912
270
n C =a n CO2 = a mol
= 12a + b =
BTKL
4,64 a 0,348mol
4,64 BTNT
n H =
b n H2 O : 0,5b mol 44a + 9b = 19, 488 b =
0, 464 mol
thy n CO2 > n H2 O do Chn A
Cu 8. Cho 8,96 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 500 ml dung dch cha hn
hp KOH 0,24M v Ba(OH) 2 0,48M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 23,64. B. 39,4. C. 78,80. D. 42,28.
OH : 0, 6

Ta c: n CO2 = 0, 6 0, 4 = 0, 2 mol
CO2 : 0, 4 3
n= 0, 24 mol = = 39, 4 g Chn B
n
Ba 2 +
m 0, 2.197
.v
Cu 9. Hp th ht 0,07 mol CO 2 vo 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,32M c dung
dch X. Thm tip 250ml dung dch hn hp BaCl 2 0,16M v Ba(OH) 2 xM thu
om
c 7,88 gam kt ta v dung dch Y.Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,06 B. 0,03 C. 0,04 D. 0,02
n CO2 = 0, 08 0, 07 = 0, 01mol
.c
Ta c ngay: 0, 07CO2 + 0, 08NaOH 3
n HCO3 = 0, 06 mol
ok
n Na + = 0, 08 mol
BTNT.C
n= + n HCO3 = 0, 03 mol
bo
2+ 0, 04 0, 25x

Ba
Y
n BaCO3 = 0, 04 mol n Ba2+ = 0, 25x
BTNT.Ba

et
n Cl = 0, 08 mol

BTDT
0,08 + 0,5x = 0,11 x =0, 06 M
vi
Cu 10. Hp th hon ton V lt CO 2 vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 a M th thu c m 1

ng
gam kt ta. Cng hp th (V+3,36) lt CO 2 vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 th thu c

m 2 gam kt ta. Bit m 1 :m 2 = 3:2. Nu thm (V+V 1 ) lt CO 2 vo dung dch
Ca(OH) 2 trn th thu c lng kt ta cc i. Bit m 1 bng 3/7 khi lng kt
a
ta cc i. Gi tr ca V 1 l:
kh
A.0,672 B.1,493 C.2,016 D.1,008
Lng 0,15 mol CO 2 thm vo lm 2 nhim v:

mmax m1
Nhim v 1: a kt ta t m 1 nn cc i
100
m m2
Nhim v 2: a kt ta t cc i xung m 2 max
100
m m1 + mmax m2
T c ngay: 0,15 = max
100
271
m1 = 5
V1 = 1, 439 lit
mmax = 11, 667
Cu 11. Sc t t kh 0,06 mol CO 2 vo V lt dung dch cha Ba(OH) 2 0,5M thu
c 2b mol kt ta. Mt khc khi sc 0,08 mol CO 2 cng vo V lt dung dch
cha Ba(OH) 2 0,5M th thu c b mol kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,2 B. 0,1 C. 0,05 D. 0,8
Chng ta hiu n gin nh sau nh:
Ta lm vi TH c hai ln th nghim BaCO 3 b tan 1 phn.Khi CO 2 lm
hai nghim v.
Nhim v 1: a kt ta nn cc i ( n BaCO
max
n
3
)
.v
Nhim v 2: Ha tan 1 phn kt ta ( n max
BaCO
ncon lai )
3
0, 06 =0,5V + (0,5V 2b) b =0, 02 mol
om
C ngay
0, 08 =0,5V + (0,5V b) V =0,1lit
C p n khng cn th TH cn li na .c
Cu 12. Hp th hon ton 0,4 mol CO 2 vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ly d. Khi
ok
lng kt ta to ra sn phm c gi tr l:
A. 39,4 gam B. 59,1 gam C. 78,8 gam D. 89,4 gam.
bo
=
BTNT.C
n n= CO2 0, 4 mol =
m 0, 4.197= 78,8g
Cu 13. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
et
KOH 0,4 M v Ba(OH) 2 0,05M c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 4,925 g. B. 5,0 g. C. 9,85 g. D. 19,7 g
vi
Cc bn ch : Vi cc bi ton CO 2 tc dng vi kim,cc bn hy hiu l

CO 2 c sc vo lm hai nhim v:
ng
1
Nhim v 1: Bin thnh CO32 cc i =OH (nu CO 2 d)
2
a
Nhim v 2: Nu CO 2 d s chuyn CO3 HCO3

2
kh
Ch quan trng: CO32 trong mui tan s b chuyn v HCO3 trc CO32 trong
kt ta
Nu c 2 mui th c ngay : n=
CO2
n OH n CO2
3
n CO2 = 0, 2 mol
n CO2 =
0, 05 mol
C ngay: n OH = 0, 25 mol 3
= m 0, 025.197
= 4, 925g

n Ba2+ = 0, 025 mol
272
Cu 14. Hp th 6,72 lit SO 2 (ktc) vao 200 ml dung dch KOH 1M, NaOH
0,85M , BaCl 2 0,45M. Sau cho tip 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M thu c
m gam kt ta. Gia tri ca m la:
A. 13,02 g. B. 26,04 g. C. 28,21g. D. 19,53 g.
nOH = 0,37 + 0, 06 = 0, 43 mol
nSO2 = 0, 43 0,3 = 0,13 mol
nSO2 = 0,3 mol 3
nBa 2+ = 0, 09 + 0, 03 = 0,12 mol =

m 0,12(137 += 80) 26, 04 g
Cu 15. Dn t t V lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo mt cc cha 200 ml dung dch hai
bazo KOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M thu c m gam kt ta trng. Nu V nm
trong khong 0,336 V 1,568 th m s nm trong khong no:
n
A. 1,97 m 3,94 B. 1,97 m 2,955
.v
C. 2,955 m 3,94 D. Kt qu khc
om
K 2 CO3
Ch : CO 2 + th c CO 2 tc dng vi K 2 CO 3 trc :
BaCO3
n OH = 0, 04 + 0, 04 = 0, 08 mol .c

n Ba2+ = 0, 02 mol
ok

0, 015 V 0, 07
= =
n CO2 0, 015 mol n 0, 015 mol
= m 2,955g
bo
CO 2 :0,07n t cc i ri li tan mMax = 0,02.197

et
BI TP RN LUYN
vi
Cu 1. Sc 4,48 lt (ktc) CO 2 vo 100ml hn hp dung dch gm KOH 1M v

Ba(OH) 2 0,75M. Sau khi kh b hp th hon ton thy to m g kt ta. Tnh m
ng
A. 23,64g B. 14,775g C. 9,85g D. 16,745g

Cu 2. Hp th 3,36 lt SO 2 (ktc) vo 0,5 lt hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v KOH
a
0,2M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng mui khan l
kh
A. 9,5gam B. 13,5g C. 12,6g D. 18,3g

Cu 3. Cho 6,72 lit kh CO 2 (ktc) vo 380 ml dd NaOH 1M, thu c dd A. Cho
100 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 1M vo dd A c m gam kt ta. Ga tr m bng:
A. 19,7g B. 15,76g C. 59,1g D.55,16g
Cu 4. Hp th ht 0,672 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo bnh cha 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH) 2
0,01M. Thm tip 0,4gam NaOH vo bnh ny. Khi lng kt ta thu c sau
phn ng l?
A. 1,5g B. 2g C. 2,5g D. 3g
273
Cu 5. Hp th 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 0,5 lt NaOH 0,4M v KOH 0,2M. Sau

phn ng c dd X. Ly 1/2 X tc dng vi Ba(OH) 2 d, to m gam kt ta. m v
tng khi lng mui khan sau c cn X ln lt l
A. 19,7g v 20,6g B. 19,7gv 13,6g
C. 39,4g v 20,6g D. 1,97g v 2,06g
Cu 6. Sc V lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch X gm Ba(OH) 2 1M v NaOH
1M. Sau phn ng thu c 19,7 gam kt ta, gi tr ln nht ca V l:
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 11,2 D. 13,44
Cu 7. Hp th ht V lt CO 2 ( ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch gm NaOH 2,0 M v
Na 2 CO 3 1,0 M thu c dung dch A. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho
tc dng vi CaCl 2 d thu c b mol kt ta. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi nc vi
n
trong d thu c c mol kt ta. Bit 3b = c. Gi tr ca V l
.v
A. 4,480 lt. B. 2,688 lt. C. 1,120 lt. D. 3,360 lt.
om
Cu 8. Hn hp kh X gm SO 2 v CO 2 c t khi so vi H 2 l 27. Dn a mol hn
hp kh X qua bnh ng 1 lt dung dch NaOH 1,5a mol/l, thu c dung dch Y
cha m gam mui. Biu thc lin h gia m v a l
A. m = 105a. B. m = 103,5a. .c
C. m = 116a. D. m = 141a.
Cu 9. Hn hp X gm: Na, Ca,Na 2 O v CaO. Hon tan ht 5,13 gam hn hp X
ok
vo nc thu c 0,56 lt H 2 (ktc) v dd kim Y trong c 2,8 gam NaOH. Hp
th 1,792 lt kh SO 2 (ktc) vo dd Y thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
bo
A.7,2 B.6,0 C.4,8 D.5,4

n
Cu 10: Dung dch A
cha a mol Ba(OH) 2 . Cho
et
m gam NaOH vo A sau a

sc CO 2 (d) vo ta
vi
thy lng kt ta bin i

theo th (Hnh bn).Gi
ng
tr ca a + m l : n
a a + 0,5 1,3 CO2
a
A.20,8 B.20,5 C.20,4 D.20,6

kh
Cu 11. Nung 35,8 gam hn hp X gm FeCO 3 v MgCO 3 trong khng kh n

khi lng khng i, cn li 22 gam cht rn. Hp th ton b lng kh CO 2
sinh ra vo dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ba(OH) 2 v 0,2 mol NaOH. Khi lng kt
ta thu c sau phn ng l:
Cu 12. Cho V(lt) kh CO 2 hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dd Ba(OH) 2 0,5M v
NaOH 1,0M. Tnh V kt ta thu c l cc i?
A. 2,24 lt V 8,96 lt B. 2,24 lt V 5,6 lt
C. 2,24 lt V 4,48 lt D. 2,24 lt V 6,72 lt
274
Cu 13. Hn hp kh X gm CO, CO 2 v N 2 , t khi ca X so vi H 2 l 19. Cho m

gam X phn ng hon ton vi 100 ml dung dch Y cha NaOH 2M v Na 2 CO 3
1,5M, thu c dung dch Z. Cho Z tc dng vi lng d dung dch CaCl 2 , sau
khi kt thc phn ng thu c 10 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,2. B. 9,5. C. 13,3. D. 30,4.
Cu 14. Dung dch X gm NaOH x mol/l v Ba(OH) 2 y mol/l v dung dch Y gm
NaOH y mol/l v Ba(OH) 2 x mol/l. Hp th ht 0,04 mol CO 2 vo 200 ml dung
dch X, thu c dung dch M v 1,97 gam kt ta. Nu hp th ht 0,0325 mol
CO 2 vo 200 ml dung dch Y th thu c dung dch N v 1,4775 gam kt ta. Bit
hai dung dch M v N phn ng vi dung dch KHSO 4 u sinh ra kt ta trng,
cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l
n
A. 0,1 v 0,075. B. 0,05 v 0,1.
.v
C. 0,075 v 0,1. D. 0,1 v 0,05.
om
Cu 15. Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch X cha NaOH 1M, KOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2
1M sau khi hp th ht 3,584 lt CO 2 ( ktc) th thu c dung dch Y c khi
lng gim 0,84 gam so vi khi lng dung dch X (bit hi nc bay hi khng
ng k)? .c
A. 80 ml. B. 60 ml. C. 50 ml. D. 100 ml.
ok
Cu 16. Cho 300 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH) 2 0,5M v KOH x mol/lt vo 50 ml
dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 1M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 36,9 gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca x l:
bo
A. 0,75. B. 0,25. C. 0,50. D. 1,0.

Cu 17. Cho V lt kh CO 2 (ktc) hp th ht vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ba(OH) 2
et
v 0,1 mol NaOH.Sau kh phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta v dung dch cha
21,35 gam mui .Gi tr ca V l :
vi
A.7,84 B.8,96 C.6,72 D.8,4

Cu 18. Hp thu ht 4,48 lit CO 2 (ktc) vao dung dich cha x mol KOH va y mol
ng
K 2 CO3 thu c 200 ml dung dich X. Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho t t vao 300 ml
dung dich HCl 0,5M thu c 2,688 lit khi (ktc). Mt khc, 100 ml dung dch X
a
tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 39,4 gam kt ta. Gia tri cua x la:
kh
A. 0,15. B. 0,2. C. 0,1. D. 0,06.

Cu 19. Nhit phn hon ton 166g hn hp MgCO 3 v BaCO 3 thu c V lt
CO 2 (ktc). Cho ton b lng kh CO 2 ny hp th vo dd cha 1,5 mol NaOH
thu c dd X. Thm dd BaCl 2 d vo X thy to thnh 118,2 g kt ta. Phn trm
theo khi lng ca MgCO 3 trong hn hp u l:
A. 5,06% B.15,18% C. 20,24% D. 25,30%
Cu 20. Ha tan 5,68 gam hn hp CaCO 3 v MgCO 3 vo dung dch HCl d , kh
CO 2 thot ra c hp th hon ton bi 50ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,9 M v to ra
5,91 gam kt ta . Khi lng ca CaCO 3 trong hn hp u l:
A. 2 gam B. 2,5 gam C. 3 gam D .4 gam
275
Cu 21. Cho 3,36 lit (ktc) kh CO 2 vo 200ml dd cha NaOH xM v Na 2 CO 3

0,4 M thu c dd X cha 19,98 gam hn hp mui. Nng mol ca NaOH
trong dd l:
A. 0,5M B. 0,6M C. 0,7M D. 0,75M
Cu 22. Hp th 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO 2 vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 4M v
Ba(OH) 2 2M.Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c mg kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l:
A.39.4g B.19.7 g C.59.1g D.29.55g
Cu 23. Sc V lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 200ml dung dch hn hp Ba(OH) 2 0,1M v
NaOH 0,1M, n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch A v kt ta E. Cho t t
tng git dung dch HCl 0,1M vo dung dch A n khi bt u thot ra bt kh th
n
ht 50 ml. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca V l:
.v
A. 0,784. B. 0,336. C. 1,232. D. 0,56.
Cu 24. Hoa tan 16g hn hp gm CaCO 3 , KHCO 3 trong dung dich HCl d . Khi
om
sinh ra hp thu ht vao 100 ml dung dich X cha NaOH 1,5M va Ba (OH) 2 0,3M
BaCl 2 0,1 M; sau phan ng, loc, thu c m gam kt tua. Gia tri m la:
A. 7,88 gam B. 19,7 gam .c
C. 9,85 gam D. 5,91gam
Cu 25. Cho V lt kh CO 2 hp th t t vo dung dch X cha 0,04 mol NaOH v
ok
0,03 mol Na 2 CO 3 . Khi cho CO 2 hp th ht thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi
cn thn dung dch Y thu c 6,85 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca V l :
bo
A. 2,133 lt. B. 1,008 lt. C. 0,896 lt. D. 1,344 lt.

Cu 26. Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,10 mol SO 2 ; 0,06 mol O 2 (xc tc V 2 O 5 ).
Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X (hiu sut phn ng bng
et
80%). Cho ton b X vo dung dch BaCl 2 d, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton,
vi
A. 22,98. B. 13,98. C. 23,30. D. 18,64.

Cu 27. Cho m gam NaOH vo 2 lt dung dch NaHCO 3 nng a mol/l, thu c
ng
2 lt dung dch X. Ly 1 lt dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 (d) thu
c 11,82 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 1 lt dung dch X vo dung dch CaCl 2 (d)
a
ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a,

kh
m tng ng l
A. 0,04 v 4,8. B. 0,14 v 2,4.
C. 0,07 v 3,2. D. 0,08 v 4,8.
Cu 28. t chy hon ton m gam FeS 2 bng mt lng O 2 va , thu c kh
X. Hp th ht X vo 1 lt dung dch gm Ba(OH) 2 0,15M v KOH 0,1M, thu c
dung dch Y v 21,7 gam kt ta. Cho Y vo dung dch NaOH, thy xut hin thm
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,6. B. 18,0. C. 23,2. D. 24,0.
Cu 29. Hp th ht x lt CO 2 ktc vo mt dung dch cha 0,4mol KOH , 0,3
mol NaOH 0,4 mol K 2 CO 3 thu c dung dch Y .Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi
276
dung dch BaCl 2 thu c 39,4gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng hon ton. Gi tr
ca x l:
A.20,16 lt B.18,92 lt C.16,72 lt D.15,68 lt.
Cu 30. Cho 17,15 gam hn hp X gm Na v Ba vo nc thu c dung dch Y
v 3,92 lt H 2 (ktc). Cho kh CO 2 vo dung dch Y. Tnh th tch CO 2 (ktc) cn
cho vo dung dch X kt ta thu c l ln nht ?
A. 2,24 lt V 4,48 lt B. 2,24 lt V 5,6 lt
C. V = 2,24 lt hoc V = 5,6 lt D. 3,36 lt V 5,6 lt
Cu 31. Nung 18,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 9,6
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 150 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l
n
.v
Cu 32. Ha tan hon ton 42,6g hn hp X gm mt kim loi kim v mt kim
om
loi kim th c t l mol tng ng l 5:4 vo 800ml dung dch HCl 1M thu c
dung dch Y v 17,472 lt kh ktc. Dn t t kh CO 2 vo dung dch Y th khi
lng kt ta cc i c th thu c l:
A. 74,86g. B. 94,56g.
.c
C. 48,00g. D. 38,00g.
Cu 33. Cho V lt kh CO 2 c hp th t t vo dung dch X cha 0,04 mol
ok
NaOH v 0,03 mol Na 2 CO 3 . Khi CO 2 c h p th ht thu c dung dch Y.
Lm bay hi cn thn dung dch Y thu c 6,85 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca V
( ktc) l:
bo
A. 1,008. B. 1,344. C. 0,896. D. 2,133.

Cu 34. Hp th hon ton 1,568 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,16
et
M thu c dung dch X. Thm 250 ml dung dch Y gm BaCl 2 0,16M v

Ba(OH) 2 a M vo dung dch X thu c 3,94 gam kt ta v dung dch Z. Gi tr
vi
ca a l:
ng
A. 0,04M B. 0,015M C. 0,02M D. 0,03M

Cu 35. Ho tan 22,02 gam hn hp X cha mui sunfua v cacbua ca nhm c t
l mol tng ng l 7:8 vo nc d thu c hn hp kh. t chy hon ton
a
lng hn hp kh ny bng oxi va , ngng t sn phm chy thu c hn

kh
hp kh Y. Sc Y vo 200 ml dd KOH a M v Ba(OH) 2 1M thu c 30,95 gam

kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,75M B. 1,00M C. 1,25M D. 0,05M
Cu 36. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch gm
NaOH 1M v KOH 1M thu c dung dch X. C cn ton b dung dch X thu
c bao nhiu gam cht rn khan?
A. 25,8. B. 22,2 . C. 29,2. D. 24,4 .
Cu 37. Cho 30 gam hn hp CaCO 3 v KHCO 3 tc dng vi HNO 3 d thu c
kh Y. Dn ton b kh Y i qua 500 ml dung dch hn hp Ba(OH) 2 0,25M v
NaOH 0,5M thu c m gam kt ta Z. Gi tr ca m l:
277
A. 39,400. B. 24,625. C. 59,600. D. 59,100.

Cu 38. Cho 4,48 lit CO 2 hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH
0,6M v Ba(OH) 2 1,2M sinh ra kt ta v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu
c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A.5,18. B.5,04. C.7,12. D.10,22.
Cu 39. Cho 7,2 gam hn hp A gm hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi k tip
nhau trong nhm IIA tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Hp th kh CO 2 vo 450ml
dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,2M thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc hai
mui:
A.MgCO 3 v CaCO 3 . B. BeCO 3 v MgCO 3
D. p s khc.
n
C. CaCO 3 v SrCO 3 .
Cu 40. Sc 6,72 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 100ml dung dch X gm: Na 2 ZnO 2 1M v
.v
NaOH 2M thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
om
A. 7,8 B. 4,95 C. 9,9 D. 14,85
Cu 41. Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na 2 O v BaO. Ha tan hon ton 21,9 gam X
vo nc, thu c 1,12 lt kh H 2 (ktc) v dung dch Y, trong c 20,52 gam
Ba(OH) 2 . Hp th hon ton 6,72 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo Y, thu c m gam kt
.c
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 23,64 B. 21,92 C. 39,40 D. 15,76
Cu 42. Dung dch X cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH) 2 0,02M. Hp th 0,5 mol kh
CO 2 vo 500 ml dung dch X. Hi thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
bo
A. 39,4 B. 19,7 C. 1,97 D. 3.94

Cu 43. Sc 2,016 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M c dung
et
dch A. Rt thm 200 ml dd gm BaCl 2 0,15M v Ba(OH) 2 xM thu c 5,91 gam

kt ta. Tip tc nung nng th thu tip m gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca x v m l:
vi
A. 0,1 v 3,94. B. 0,1 v 1,97.

ng
C. 0,05 v 3,94. D. 0,05 v 1,97.

Cu 44. Dn t t V lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch cha ng thi hai bazo
NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M sau phn ng thu c 3,94 gam kt ta trng. Gi
a
tr ln nht ca V l :
kh
A. 2,24 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 1,568 lt.

Cu 45. Ha tan m gam hn hp Na 2 CO 3 v KHCO 3 vo H 2 O c dung dch X.
Cho t t n ht 150 ml dung dch HNO 3 1M vo dung dch X th thu c dung
dch Y v 1,008 lt kh (ktc) . Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2
d thu c 29,55 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,13 B. 20,13 C. 21,13 D. 22,26 .
Cu 46. Hp th hon ton 8,96 lt CO 2 (ktc) vo V ml dung dch cha NaOH
2,75M v K 2 CO 3 1M. c cn dung dch sau phn ng nhit thng thu c
64,5 gam cht rn khan gm 4 mui. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 140. B. 200 C. 180 D. 150.
278
Cu 47. Xc nh nng mol/l a ca dung dch Ba(OH) 2 bit rng khi dn t t

3,808 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 ny th thu c m gam
kt ta trng. Mt khc, nu dn t t 7,392 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung
dch Ba(OH) 2 ny th vn thu c m gam kt ta.
A. 0,5M B. 0,75M C. 1M D. 0,25M
Cu 48. Sc 5,6 lt CO 2 vo 200 ml dd cha hn hp NaOH 0,5M; KOH 1M;
Ba(OH) 2 0,25M. Kt ta thu c c khi lng l:
Cu 49. Cho 6,72 lt CO 2 (ktc) qua 500 ml dd hn hp NaOH 0,5M v Ba(OH) 2
0,25M. sau phn ng khi lng kt ta thu c l:
n
A. 29,55g B. 19,7g C. 39,4g D. 24,625g
Cu 50. Sc V lt CO 2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch X gm Ba(OH) 2 1M v NaOH
.v
1M. Sau phn ng thu c 19,7 gam kt ta,gi tr ln nht ca V l:
om
A.8,96 B.11,2 C.6,72 D.13,44
P N CHI TIT .c
Cu 1. Chn p n C
ok
n OH = 0, 25 mol 1 n CO32 = 0, 25 0, 2 = 0, 05 mol
n OH = 0,125 < 0, 2
n CO2 = 0, 2 mol 2 n
HCO3
= 0,15 mol
bo
m=
0,05.197 =9,85g
Cu 2. Chn p n D
et
n OH = 0, 2 mol 1 n SO32 =0, 2 0,15 =0, 05 mol

n OH =0,1 < 0,15
vi
n SO2 = 0,15 mol 2 n

HSO3
= 0,1mol
m=
ng
18,3
Cu 3. Chn p n A
nOH = 0,58 1 nCO2 = 0,15 mol
a
nOH = 0, 29 > 0,15 3

nCO2 = 0,15 nOH (du )
kh
2
= = 19,7 g
m 0,1.197
Cu 4. Chn p n B
nOH = 0, 05 mol 1 nCO32 = 0, 05 0, 03 = 0, 02 mol
n = 0, 025 < 0, 03
nCO2 = 0, 03 mol 2 OH nHCO3 = 0, 01 mol
m= 2
Cu 5. Chn p n A
279
1 nOH = 0,15 mol 1 nCO32 = 0,15 0,1 = 0, 05 mol

: nOH = 0, 075 < 0,1
2 nCO2 = 0,1 mol 2 nHCO3 = 0, 05 mol
Cu 6. Chn p n C
nOH = 0, 6 mol nBaCO3 = 0,1 mol
= n 0, 2 mol BTDT
= nCOmax
0,5 mol
=
2 +
n = 0,1 mol
Ba
n 0, 4 mol
HCO3
2

Cu 7. Chn p n A
n NaOH = 0, 2 mol NaHCO3 : 2(c b) Ca(OH)2
+ CO2
n Na2CO3 = 0,1mol Na 2 CO3 : 2b CaCl 2
n
3b c = 0

BTNT

.v
= n=
2(c b) + 4b Na 0, 4 mol
om
b = 0, 05 mol
CO2 = n C 0,1 = 0,3 0,1 = 0, 2 mol A
c = 0,15 mol
.c
Cu 8. Chn p n A
ok
SO : XO
Cho a = 1 2 2
CO2 : X = 54 32 22
bo
n Na 2 XO3 = x mol =
x + y 1 = y 0,5mol

n= = + y 1,5 =
et
NaHXO3 y mol 2x x 0,5mol

m = 0,5 (23.2 + 22 + 16,3 + 23 + 1 + 22 + 16.3) = 105 g
vi
Cu 9. Chn p n A

ng
n Na = a mol a + 2b 2c =0, 05

X = n Ca b mol BTE
a += 2b 2c + 0, 05 23a + 40b + 16c
= 5,13
a
n = c mol 2,8
O =a = 0, 07
kh
40
a = 0, 07 mol SO2 : 0, 08 mol

= b 0, 06 mol OH : a += 2b 0,19 =n 0, 06 mol
c = 0, 07 mol Ca 2+ : 0, 06 mol

Cu 10. Chn p n C
Lng kt ta chy ngang (khng i ) l qu trnh NaOH NaHCO3
Do ta c ngay : m = 0,5.40 = 20 (gam)
Lng kt ta chy i xung (gim) l qu trnh BaCO3 Ba(HCO3 ) 2
280
1,3 0,5
=
a = 0, 4(mol) Chn C
2
Cu 11. Chn p n A
Ch : FeO c tc dng vi O
FeCO3 : a mol MgO : b mol a = 0, 2 mol
35,8 22 CO2 : 0,35 mol
MgCO 3 : b mol Fe
2 3 O : 0,5a mol b = 0,15 mol

OH : 0, 4 mol
CO : 0,35 mol n CO= 2 = 0, 05 mol; Ba 2 + : 0,1mol n=
0, 4 0,35 0, 05 mol
2
3
Cu 12. Chn p n D
n
n OH = 0, 4 mol

.v
n Ba2+ = 0,1mol
om
Ch : Khi c 2 mui Na 2 CO 3 v BaCO 3 m ta sc CO 2 vo th Na 2 CO 3 s phn
ng trc.
max
C ngay: n CO 2
= n OH n = 0,3 mol
.c
Cu 13. Chn p n A
ok
NaHCO3 : a mol
CO2 + Y
=
Na2CO 0,1 mol ( CaCl2 )
n = Na 0,1(2 + 3)
= 0,5 mol
bo
3 :b

BTNT . Na
=
a 0,5 2=
b 0,3 mol
et
Bo ton nguyn t cacbon ta c ngay :

nCO2 = nC nCO2 =(a + b) 0,15 =0, 4 0,15 =0, 25 mol
vi
V N 2 v CO c M = 28 nn ta xem nh hai kh ny l mt kh CO v c ngay

ng
nCO = 0,15 mol

n X = 0, 4 m = 0, 4.2.19 = 15, 2 g
nCO2 = 0, 25 mol
a
Cu 14. Chn p n B
kh
Do M,N tc dng vi KHSO 4 c kt ta trng Ba2+ (d) mui trong M,N l

mui HCO 3
n=OH 0, 2 x + 0, 4 y dd M
0, 04.CO2 + 0, 2 X
nBa 2+ = 0, 2 y n = 0, 01 mol
n = 0, 2 x mol
Na +

Trong M c n=Ba 2+
0, 2 y 0, 01
BTNT .cacbon
nHCO=
3
0, 04 0,=
01 0, 025 mol
281

BTDT
0, 2 x + 0, 4 y 0,02 = 0,03
n=OH 0, 2 y + 0, 4 x dd N
0, 0325.CO2 + 0, 2 X
nBa 2+ = 0, 4 x n = 0, 0075 mol
n = 0, 2 y
Na +

Trong N c nBa 2+ : 0, 4 x 0, 0075
BTNT .cacbon
= nHCO 0, 0325 0,=
3
0075 0, 03 mol

BTDT
0, 2 y + 0,8 x 0,015 = 0,025
n
Gii h ta c ngay: x = 0,05 M ; y = 0,1 M
.v
Cu 15. Chn p n C
n CO2 = 0,16 mol
om
n = 0, 04 < n min
Ba 2 +
do trong dung dch ch c
m= 0,84= m 0,16.44
HCO3 .c

BTNT.cac bon
HCO3 : 0,16 0,04 = 0,12
ok
Na + : V
Na + : V +
+ K : V
X K : V Y 2 +
bo
Ba 2 + : V Ba : V 0,04
HCO : 0,12
3
et

BTDT
V + V + 2(V 0,04)
= 0,12 =
V 0,05
Cu 16. Chn p n B
vi
n Ba2+ = 0,15 mol n Al3+ = 0,1 n BaSO4 = 0,15

ng
+ 36, 9
=
n OH =
0,3 + 0,3x n =
0,15 n 0, 025

SO24 Al( OH )3
D dng suy ra Al(OH) 3 b tan mt phn.Do OH lm hai nhim v:
a
Nhim v 1 : a kt ta ln cc i tn : 0,1.3 = 0,3 mol

kh
Nhim v 2 : Ha tan kt ta tn : 0,1 0,025 = 0,075 mol

Cu 17. Chn p n A
Ba 2+ : 0, 2 mol BaCO3 : a mol

OH : 0,5 mol NaHCO3 : 0,1 mol
+ Ba ( HCO ) : 0, 2 a mol
Na : 0,1 mol 3 2
21,35 = 0,1 .84 + 259.(0,2 a)

a = 0,15 mol nC = 0,35 mol
Cu 18. Chn p n C
282
( HCO3 ) CO2 : a mol = a + b 0,12= a 0, 09 mol

;
( CO3 ) CO2 : b mol a= + 2b 0,15=
2
b 0, 03 mol
n = 0, 2 nCO2 + nHCO= 0, 2 mol
3 3
nCO32 + nHCO3 =
0, 2
0, 2 + y =0, 4
nHCO a nHCO3 = 0,15 mol x + 2 y = x=0,1

3
= = 3 0,5
nCO32 b nCO32 = 0, 05 mol
Cu 19. Chn p n A
n BaCO3 = 0,6 nu khng c mui NaHCO 3 :
n
166
.v
MCO3 = M = 217 loa i
0,6
om
vy c ngay:
.c
Na 2 CO3 : 0, 6 mol a + b= n CO= 0, 9 a =
ok
0,1
2

=
NaHCO3 :1,5 0, 6.2 0,3 mol= 84a + 197b =166 b 0,8
bo
Cu 20. Chn p n D
BaCO3 : 0, 03 mol
=n 0, 03
BTNT.Ba
=
n C 0, 06 mol
et
Ba(HCO3 )2 : 0, 015 mol

CaCO3 : a mol
= a + b 0, 06
= a 0, 04 mol
vi
D
MgCO3 : b mol 100a += 84b 5, 68 = b 0, 02 mol
ng
Ch : Khng cn lm TH Ba(OH) 2 d na v c p n ri
Cu 21. Chn p n A
a
NaHCO3 : a mol 84a + = 106b 19,98 = a 0, 2 mol

n CO2 = 0,15
kh
Na 2 CO3 : b mol a + b= 0,15 + 0,08 b= 0,03 mol

Bo ton nguyn t: Na
Na =a + 2b =0, 26 =0, 2 x + 0, 2.2.0, 4 x = 0,5
Cu 22. Chn p n A
n CO2 = 0,5 mol n
1 < OH < 2 n CO2= n OH n CO2= 0,3
n OH = 0,8 mol n CO2 3
n=Ba 2 +
0, 2 mol =
n 0, 2 mol A
Cu 23. Chn p n A
283
Bi ton ny c kh nhiu TH.Khi gii ta nn kt hp vi p n loi tr.

Vi B loi ngay v khi OH- d 0,03 mol.
Vi A v D th Ba2+ kt ta ht thnh BaCO 3 do c ngay :
n OH 0, 06 mol Na 2 CO3 : 0, 005 n H+
= =
n E n BaCO 0, 02 dd A
n H+ = 0, 005 mol NaHCO3 : 0, 01mol
3
=
BTNT.Cacbon
n C 0, 035 mol A
C A tha mn khng cn quan tm ti C na
Cu 24. Chn p n A
=
Ch : M CaCO =
M KHCO 100
BTNT
n=
CO2 0,16 mol
n
3 3
OH : 0, 21mol n CO2 = 0, 21 0,16 = 0, 05 mol
.v
0,16.CO2 + 3
2+
Ba : 0, 04 mol
om
=
m 0, 04.197
= 7,88g
Cu 25. Chn p n B
.c
ok
NaHCO3 : a mol
6,85 BTNT.Na
Na 2 CO3 : 0, 05 a
bo
= a 0, 025 mol =
BTNT.cac bon
V 0, =
045.22, 4 1, 008 lit
Cu 26. Chn p n D
et
Oxi d nn tnh hiu sut theo SO 2 .

SO3 : 0, 08 mol BTNT
BaSO 4 : 0, 08 mol
vi
C ngay : X
SO2 : 0, 02 mol
ng
Ch : Trong TH ny khng c BaSO 3

Cu 27. Chn p n D
a
n BaCO3 = 0, 06 mol
Ca ( HCO3 )2 t0
CaCO3 + CO2 + H 2 O
kh
Ta c ngay: n CaCO3 = 0, 07 mol

0, 01 0, 01
BTNT.cacbon c ngay n C = n NaOH = 0,07 + 0,01 = 0,08
Cu 28. Chn p n B
nBa2+ = 0,15 mol
+ X nBaSO 3 =
0,1 mol
nOH = 0, 4 mol
Ba(HSO 3 ) 2 : 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 mol; KHSO 3 : 0,1 mol
284
S = 0,3 m = 0,15 ( 56 + 64 ) = 18 B
Cu 29. Chn p n A
K + : 1, 2 mol
+
Na : 0,3 mol
Y

BTDT
1, 2 + 0,3
= a + 0, 2.2 =
a 1,1mol
HCO 3 : a mol
CO2 : 0, 2 mol n
3 BaCO3 =
0, 2 mol

BTNT.cacbon
n C= 0, 2 + 1,1= 1,3= x + 0, 4 x= 0, 9 A
Cu 30. Chn p n B
n
Na : a mol BTE+BTKL 23a + 137b = 17,15
17,15
a + 2b =
.v
Ba : b mol 0,175.2
a = 0,15 mol n OH = 0,35 mol
om

b = 0,1mol n Ba2+ = 0,1mol
Ch : kt ta max th trong X cn c 0,1 mol CO32 n CO
.c min
2
=
0,1mol
m ax
C rt nhiu cch m ra n CO 2
. Mnh th mnh dng BTNT. cac bon v cui cng
ok
n BaCO3 = 0,1mol
thu c 2 mui:
n = 0,15 mol

BTNT.C
= n C n=
max
CO2 0, 25 mol
NaHCO3
bo
Cu 31. Chn p n B
18, 4 9, 6
et
= n CO2 = 0, 2 mol NaHCO3 : 0,1mol

44 B
n = 0,3 mol Na 2 CO3 : 0,1mol
vi
OH
Cu 32. Chn p n D
ng
A : 5a BTE
42,6 5a + =
4a.2 =
13a 0,78.2 =
a 0,12
B : 4a
a
A : 0,6 K : 0,6
kh
42,6
B : 0,48 Ca : 0,48
K + : 0, 6 mol
2+
Ca : 0, 48 mol

ddY
m CaCO
max
= 38g
Cl : 0,8 mol
3

BTDT
OH : 0, 76 n CO2 (max) = 0,38 mol
3
Cu 33. Chn p n A
285
0, 04 mol : NaOH Na 2 CO3 : a mol

VCO2 +
BTNT
6,85
0, 03 mol : Na 2 CO3 NaHCO3 : 0,1 2a mol
=
a 0, 025
BTNT.Cacbon
A
Cu 34. Chn p n C
CO32 : 0, 01mol
(
Ta c: n CO2 = 0, 07 ) (
+ n OH )
= 0, 08
HCO3 : 0, 06 mol
n=Ba 2+
0,41 + 0,25a

n OH= 0,5a n OH=
0,5a= 0,01 a= 0,02

n
n = 0,02
.v
Cu 35. Chn p n B
Al S : 7a BTKL 22, 02 CO : 0, 24 mol
om
Ta c: 22, 02 2 3 =
a = 0, 01 BTNT
2
Al 4 C 3 : 8a 2202 SO2 : 0, 21mol
n YO = 0, 45 mol
Ta quy i hn hp kh Y v YO2
2
.c
Y = 64 / 3
ok
= n n= Ba YO3
0,15

Ta c : n Ba2+ = 0,2
bo

n=
OH
0,2a + 0,4
HYO3 : 0,3 BTDT

et
0,2a + =
0,4 0,3 + 0,15.2 =a 1
2
YO3 : 0,15
vi
Cu 36. Chn p n C
Vi bi ton qu quen thuc CO 2 tc dng vi OH- ta phi xem xt tht nhanh
ng
xem mui l g? Ngha l n CO2 = ? v n HCO = ?

3 3
C ngay:
a
n CO = 0, 2 mol BTDT n CO = 0, 2 mol

kh

2
= 3
m = (K, Na, CO32 , OH ) 29, 2g
n OH = 0,5 mol
n OH = 0,1mol

Cu 37. Chn p n B
Ch : Khi lng phn t 2 mui l bng nhau.
30
C ngay BTNT.C
n=
CO2 = 0,3 mol
100
n OH = 0,5 mol n CO2 = 0,5 0,3 = 0, 2 mol

3

= = 24, 625 g
m 0,125.197
n Ba2+ = 0,125 mol
286
Cu 38. Chn p n C
n CO = 0, 2 mol
2
n OH = 0,3 mol n CO32 = 0,3 0, 2 = 0,1mol

n Ba2=
+ 0,12 mol n=
n BaCO=
3
0,1mol

BTNT.C
HCO3 : 0,1mol
t0
2HCO3 CO32 + CO2 + H 2 O
Na : 0, 06 mol

Vy ta c:
m = 7,12 g
BTKL
Ba : 0, 02 mol
n
CO2 : 0, 05 mol
3
.v
Cu 39. Chn p n B
om
n Ba ( OH )2 = 0, 09 mol BaCO3 : 0, 08 mol

BTNT.Ba

BTNT.Cacbon
n CO2 = 0,1mol
=
n n= BaCO3 0, 08 mol Ba(HCO )
3 2 : 0, 01mol
M + 60 = 72 M = 12
.c
ok
Cu 40. Chn p n B
Na ZnO 2 : 0,1
Ta c: 2 n CO2 = 0,3mol
bo
NaOH : 0, 2
Ta s t duy bi ton nh sau nh :
et
u tin cho CO 2 n lm nhim v 1 bin NaOH thnh NaHCO 3 tn 0,2 mol.

Hon thnh nhim v 1 ch cn 0,1 mol CO 2 s sinh ra 0,1 mol H + v:
vi
CO 2 + H 2 O H + + HCO3
ng
V xy ra ng thi qu trnh :
2H + + ZnO 22 Zn ( OH )2 n=
Zn ( OH )
0,05mol=
a 4,95
2
a
Cu 41. Chn p n D
kh
Na : a mol
BTKL
23a + 137b + 16c = 21, 9
BTE
=
Ta c: m X 21, 9 Ba : b mol a += 2b 2c + 0, 05.2
= a 0,14 mol
O : c mol
BTNT.Ba
b= 0,12

BTNT (Na + Ba )
n=
OH
0,14 + 0,12.2
= 0,38 n=
CO2 0,3 mol
n CO2 = 0,38 0,3 = 0, 08
n Ba2+ =b =0,12 mol m =0, 08.197 =15, 76g
3
n HCO3 =0,3 0, 08 =0, 22

Cu 42. Chn p n C
Vi bi ton trn:
287
CO 2 : 0,5 mol 1< T < 2

Ta c 2 n= n OH =n CO 0, 02 mol =
n Ba
2+ 0, 01mol

CO 2
OH : 0,52 mol 3
m= 1,97
Cu 43. Chn p n D
OH :0,1
CO32 : 0,1 0, 09 = 0, 01mol
n=CO2 0, 09
HCO3 : 0, 08 mol
BaCO3 : 0, 03 mol
2+
Ba : 0, 2x
V un nng li c kt ta nn:
BTNT
+
Na : 0,1mol
n
HCO : 0, 06 Cl : 0, 06 mol
.v
3
BTDT
0,2x.2 =
+ 0,1 0,12= x 0,05
om
Ba 2+ : 0, 2x = 0, 01
t0
BaCO3 : 0, 01 mol m =
1, 97
2HCO3 CO32 + CO2 + H 2 O
.c
ok
Cu 44. Chn p n A
n Ba2+ = 0, 03 mol
bo
CO32
Ta c n OH = 0,12 mol V ln nht khi CO 2 bin thnh
.
HCO3
n BaCO3 = 0, 02 mol
et
Khi ta c ngay:
vi
n CO2 = 0, 02 mol

BTNT
=
n C 0,1
=
3
BTDT V 2, 24 lit
ng
=
n
HCO3
0,12 =
0, 02.2 0, 08 mol
Cu 45. Chn p n B
a
Na CO : a mol
HNO3
a + 0, 045 = 0,15
m 2 3 Ba(OH)2
kh
KHCO3 : b mol n=

a + b 0, 045
= 0,15
a = 0,105 mol
m=
20,13g
b = 0, 09 mol
Cu 46. Chn p n B
OH : 2,75V
S mol in tch m ban u : 2
CO3 : V
Khi cho CO 2 v s mol in tch m khng i.
288
HCO3 : a mol
BTNT
a=+ b 0, 4 + V
C ngay:
2 BTDT
CO3 : b mol =a + 2b 2, 75V + 2V
HCO3 : 0,8 2,75V BTKL

2 64,5 = m(K,Na,HCO3 ,CO32 )

CO
3 : 3,75V 0,4
= 23.2,75V + 39.2.V + 60(3,75V 0,4) + 61(0,8 2,75V) V = 0,2
Cu 47. Chn p n A
V CO 2 th nghim 2 ln hn th nghim 1 nn ta d dng suy ra.
Th nghim 1.Kt ta cha cc i (cha tan):
n CO2= 0,17 m= 0,17.197= 33, 49
n
.v
Th nghim 2.Kt ta tan mt phn,do CO 2 lm hai nhim v:
Nhim v 1 : a kt ta nn cc i : Tn 0,5a mol
om
Nhim v 2: Ha tan 1 phn kt ta : Tn (0,5a 0,17)
= 0,5a + 0,5a 0,17 a= 0,5
Vy ta c ngay : 0,33
.c
ok
Cu 48. Chn p n B
Vi bi ton trn :
bo
OH : 0, 4 1<T<2
n=
CO32
0, 4 0,=
25 0,15 mol n=
Ba 2 +
0, 05 mol
CO 2 : 0, 25
et
=
m 0,05.197 = 9,85 g
vi
Cu 49. Chn p n D
OH : 0,5 mol 1<T<2 CO32 : 0,5 0,3 =
ng
0, 2
2+ = m =
0,125.197 24, 625g
CO 2 : 0,3mol Ba : 0,125
a
Cu 50. Chn p n B
kh
n Ba 2+ = 0, 2 mol
Ta c: n = 0,1mol vy Vmax khi kt ta cc i v tan
n OH = 0, 6 mol
CO32 : 0,1
1 phn
BTDT

=
BTNT.C
V 0,5.22,
= 4 11, 2 lit
HCO 3 : 0, 4
CON NG T DUY S 10
289
BI TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH

CHA ( H + ;NO3 )
Con ng t duy:
Tnh s mol: H + ; NO3 ; Cu; Fe; Fe 2+
Nh phn ng: 4 H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O
Ch : s mol cc cht xem bi ton c tnh theo cht no Cu; H+; hay NO 3 -
Kt hp linh hot: Bo ton in tch khi lng mol ion
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch cha ng thi H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 thu c
n
dung dch X v 4,48 lt NO(duy nht). Thm tip H 2 SO 4 vo X th li thu c
.v
thm 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht na v dung dch Y. Dung dch Y ho tan va ht
8,32 gam Cu khng c kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc). Khi lng ca Fe cho
om
vo l:
A. 16,24 g. B. 11,2 g. C. 16,8 g. D. 9,6 g.
Bi ny s c bn cm thy phc tp nhng tht ra cc bn ch cn t duy tng
qut mt cht th bi ton s rt n gin. .c
Fe Fe
2+
Sau tt c cc qu trnh th
ok
2+
Cu Cu
bo
Do c ngay:
m
BTE
= 3
.2 + 0,13.2 = = 0,84=
n NO 3.0,28 m 16,24 Chn A
56
et
Cu 2: Cho 0,3mol Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H 2 SO 4
long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu dc V lt kh NO(sn phm kh
vi
duy nht,ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
ng
A. 10,08 B. 4,48 C. 6,72 D. 8,96

4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O

a
n H+ = 1,8 mol
Ta c: n max
= 0, 4 mol D
kh
= 1, 2 mol
NO
n
NO3

n e.max = 0,3.2 + 0, 6 = 1, 2 mol

Cu 3: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 2,8 gam Fe v 1,6 gam Cu trong 500 ml

dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,1M v HCl 0,4M, thu c kh NO (kh duy nht) v
dung dch X. Cho X vo dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c m gam cht rn. Bit cc
phn ng u xy ra hon ton, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 trong cc
phn ng. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 34,10. B. 28,70. C. 29,24. D. 30,05.
290
n = 0, 05 mol n H+ = 0, 25 mol
Ta c: Fe ; ; 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
= 0, 05 mol
n Cu = 0, 025 mol n
NO3
V cui cng NO3 d nn ta s BTE cho c qu trnh.
0, 25
=n NO = 0, 0625 mol BTE
4 0, 05.3=
+ 0, 025.2 0, 0625.3 + a
n Ag = a mol

BTNT.Clo
n AgCl = 0, 2 mol
= a 0, 0125 mol= m 30, 05
n Ag = 0, 0125 mol
n
Cu 4: Cho Zn ti d vo dung dch gm HCl; 0,05 mol NaNO 3 v 0,1 mol
.v
KNO 3 . Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c dung dch X cha m gam mui;
0,125 mol hn hp kh Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu
om
trong khng kh. T khi ca Y so vi H 2 l 12,2. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 61,375. B. 64,05. C. 57,975. D. 49,775.
Cc bn ch nha,khi c kh H 2 bay ra th chc chn l NO 3 ht .
.c
=nNO 0,1 mol BTNT .nito
=
nNH + 0, 05 mol
ok
0,125Y 4
nH 2 = 0, 025 mol
n
bo
e = 0,1.3 + 0, 025.2 + 0, 05.8 = 0, 75 mol nZn = 0,375 mol

n 2+ = 0,375 mol
Zn
et
nCl = a mol

vi
Khi dung dch X=

l nK + 0,1 mol
=
BTDT
a 0,95 mol
= m 64, 05 g

nNH 4+ = 0, 05 mol
ng
n = 0, 05 mol
Na +
a
Cu 5: Ha tan ht 2,24 gam bt Fe vo 120 ml dung dch HCl 1M, thu c dung
dch X. Cho X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 , sau khi kt thc cc phn
kh
ng thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v m gam cht rn. Gi

tr ca m v V ln lt l:
A. 17,22 v 0,224. B. 1,08 v 0,224.
C. 18,3 v 0,448. D. 18,3 v 0,224
n Fe = 0, 04 mol BTNT n FeCl2 = 0, 04 mol

n HCl = 0,12 mol n HCl = 0,12 0, 04.2 =0, 04
+
4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
291
NO : 0, 01mol
2+
Fe : 0, 04 0, 03 = 0, 01 n Ag = 0, 01mol
Chn D
Ag : 0, 01mol

BTNT.clo
m m = 18,3g
AgCl : 0,12 mol
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1. Dung dch X cha 14,6 gam HCl v 22,56 gam Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Thm m gam
bt Fe vo dung dch X sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kim
loi c khi lng 0,628m v ch to kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht).Gi tr ca
m l:
n
A. 1,92 B. 14,88 C. 20 D. 9,28
.v
Cu 2. t m gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu, Mg, Zn trong oxi thu c 29,7 gam
hn hp cht rn Y. Ha tan ht Y bng dung dch HNO 3 c nng d thu c
om
17,92 lit kh NO 2 (ktc). Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4
c, nng, d thu c dung dch Z cha 84,1 gam mui v kh SO 2 . Bit rng
NO 2 v SO 2 l cc sn phm kh duy nht ca HNO 3 v H 2 SO 4 . Gi tr ca m l:
.c
A. 20,9. B. 20,1. C. 26,5. D. 23,3.
Cu 3. Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 thu c
ok
dd X v 2,24 lt kh NO. Thm tip dd H 2 SO 4 d vo bnh thu c 0,896 lt kh
NO v dd Y. Bit trong c 2 trng hp NO l sn phm kh duy nht, o iu
bo
kin tiu chun . Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 4,16 gam Cu (khng to thnh sn
phm kh ca N+5) . Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A.8,12 B.4,8 C.8,4 D.7,84

Cu 4. Dung dch X cha 0,1 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,24 mol HCl. Dung dch X c th
vi
ha tan c ti a bao nhiu gam Cu ( bit phn ng to ra kh NO l sn phm

kh duy nht).
ng

Cu 5. Dung dch X cha AgNO 3 v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Thm 1 lng hn hp gm 0,03
mol Al v 0,05 mol Fe vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu
a
c 8,12 gam cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d thu c
kh
0,672 lt kh (ktc). Tng nng ca 2 mui l:

A. 0,42M B. 0,45M C. 0,3M D. 0,8M
Cu 6. Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dd HNO 3 thy c 0,3 mol kh NO 2 sn
NO duy nht bay ra. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l:
A. 24,27 g B. 26,92 g C. 19,5 g D. 29,64 g
Cu 7. Dung dch A cha 0,02 mol Fe(NO 3 ) 3 v 0,3 mol HCl c kh nng ho tan
c Cu vi khi lng ti a l:
A. 6,4g. B. 0,576g. C. 5,76g. D. 0,64g.
292
Cu 8. Ho tan 19.2 gam Cu vo 500 ml dung dch NaNO 3 1M, sau thm vo
500ml dung dch HCl 2M . Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v kh NO duy
nht, phi thm bao nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X kt ta ht ion Cu2+
A. 600 B. 800 C. 400 D. 120
Cu 9. Cho 3.2 gam Cu tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp HNO 3 0.8M v
H 2 SO 4 0.2M, sn phm kh duy nht l kh NO. S gam mui khan thu c l:
A. 7.90 B. 8.84 C. 5.64 D. 10.08
Cu 10. Cho10,32g hh X gm Cu, Ag tc dng va vi 160 ml dd Y gm
HNO 3 1M v H 2 SO 4 0,5 M thu c kh NO duy nht v dd Z cha m gam cht
tan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 20,36 B. 18,75 C. 22,96 D. 23,06
n
Cu 11. Cho m gam Fe vao 1 lit dd gom H 2 SO 4 0,1M, Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,1M, Fe(NO 3 ) 3
.v
0,1M. Sau khi pu xy ra hon ton thu c 0,69m gam hh kim loai, dd X va khi
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr m v khi lng cht rn khan thu c khi
om
c cn dung dch X l:
A.25,8 v 78,5 B.25,8 v 55,7
C.20 v 78,5 D.20 5 v 5,7
.c
Cu 12. Cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch gm HNO 3 0,6M v H 2 SO 4
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton (sn phm kh duy nht l NO), c
ok
cn cn thn ton b dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu c
l:
bo

Cu 13. Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch
cha hn hp gm H 2 SO 4 0,5M v NaNO 3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
et
hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml
dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi
vi
tr ti thiu ca V l:
A.240. B.400. C.120. D.360
ng
Cu 14. Ly 0,1 mol Cu tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch gm KNO 3 0,2M v HCl
0,4M th thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO (ktc)?
a
A. 2,24 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 1,12 lt D. 8,96 lt

Cu 15. Cho m(g) Fe tc dng vi dung dch gm NaNO 3 v H 2 SO 4 khuy u
kh
trong iu kin thch hp,sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X v
1,792 lt hn hp kh Y v 1 phn kim loi khng tan.Bit rng Y c mt kh ha
nu ngoi khng kh v t khi ca Y so vi H 2 l 8.Khi lng mui to thnh
trong dung dch X l:
A. 17,12 B. 17,21 C. 18,04 D. 18,40
Cu 16. Cho hn hp X gm Fe va Cu vo 400ml dd cha hn hp H 2 SO 4 0,5M
va NaNO 3 0,2M sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y v
kh NO (sp kh duy nht) ng thi cn 1 kim loi cha tan. Cho Vml dd NaOH
vo dd X th lng kt ta ln nht .Gi tr ti thiu ca V:
A. 360 B. 280 C. 240 D. 320
293
Cu 17. Cho hn hp X gm 0,09 mol Fe v 0,05 mol Fe(NO) 3 .7H 2 O vo 500 ml

dung dch HCl 1M kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch Y v kh NO (spkdn).
Hi dung dch Y ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu:
A. 3,84 B. 4,48 C. 4,26 D. 7,04
Cu 18. Cho m gam Fe vo 800 ml dung dich Cu(N0 3 ) 2 0,2M v H 2 S0 4 0,25 M .
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v
V lt kh NO ( sn phm kh duy nht ) gi tr m v V = ?
A. 10,8 v 4,48 B. 10,8 v 2,24
C. 17,8 v 4,48 D. 17,8 v 2,24
Cu 19. Cho 2,0 gam bt Fe vo 100ml dd X cha H 2 SO 4 0,1M; CuSO 4 0,15 M;
Fe(NO 3 ) 3 0,1 M thu c dung dch Y; hn hp rn Z v kh NO (sn phm kh
n
duy nht). C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
.v
A. 6,65g B. 9,2g C. 8,15g D. 6,05g
Cu 20. Cho 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo mt cc ng dung dch H 2 SO 4 long,
om
rt d. Sau khi H 2 bay ra ht, tip tc thm NaNO 3 d vo cc. S mol kh NO
(sn phm kh duy nht) ti a c th bay ra l:
A. 0,1/3 B. 0,4/3 C. 0,2/3
.c D. 0.1
Cu 21. Cho bt Cu vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm H 2 SO 4 0,5M v
HNO 3 1M cho ti d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X v
ok
sn phm kh duy nht l NO. C cn dung dch X, khi lng mui khan thu
c l:
bo
A. 28,2 gam B. 24 gam C. 52,2 gam D. 25,4 gam.

Cu 22. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch cha ng thi H 2 SO 4 v HNO 3 thu c
et
dung dch X v 4,48 lt NO (duy nht). Thm tip H 2 SO 4 vo X th li thu c

thm 1,792 lt kh NO duy nht na v dung dch Y. Dung dch Y ho tan va ht
vi
8,32 gam Cu khng c kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc). Khi lng ca Fe cho

vo l:
ng
A. 16,24 g. B. 9,6 g. C. 16,8 g. D. 11,2 g.

Cu 23. Cho 19,2 gam Cu vo 500 ml dung dch NaNO 3 1M, sau thm 500 ml
a
dung dch HCl 2M n phn ng hon ton thu c kh NO v dung dch X. Phi
thm bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M kt ta ht ion Cu2+ trong dung dch
kh
X?
A. 1 lt. B. 2 lt. C. 1,5 lt. D. 1,25 lt.
Cu 24. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 8,4 gam Fe v 4,8 gam Cu trong 500 ml
dung dch hn hp HNO 3 0,3M v HCl 1,2M, thu c kh NO (kh duy nht) v
dung dch X. Cho X vo dung dch AgNO 3 d, thu c m gam cht rn. Bit cc
phn ng u xy ra hon ton, NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5 trong cc
phn ng. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 60,10. B. 102,30. C. 90,15. D. 86,10.
294
Cu 25. Cho 5,6 gam Fe vo 100ml dung dch Cu(NO 3 ) 2 1,5M. Sau khi kt thc
phn ng thm tip dung dch HCl d vo th sau khi phn ng xong thu c ti
a V lit kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ktc) thot ra. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 1,12 lt. D. 1,49 lt.
Cu 26. Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO 3 0,2M v
HNO 3 0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 1,4m gam hn hp
kim loi v V lt kh NO (duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 21,5 v 1,12. B. 8,60 v 1,12. C. 28,73 v 2,24. D. 25 v 1,12.
Cu 27. t chy hn hp gm 0,08 mol Mg v 0,08 mol Fe vi hn hp kh X
gm clo v oxi, sau phn ng ch thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit v mui clorua
(khng cn kh d). Ha tan Y bng mt lng va 120 ml dung dch HCl 2M,
n
thu c dung dch Z. Cho AgNO 3 d vo dung dch Z, thu c 56,69 gam kt
.v
ta. Tnh khi lng hn hp Y?
om
Cu 28. Cho 12gam hn hp Fe v Cu vo bnh cha 200ml dung dch HNO 3 2M,
thu c mt cht kh (sn phm kh duy nht) khng mu, ha nu trong khng
kh, v kim loi d. Sau cho thm tip dung dch H 2 SO 4 2M, thy cht kh trn
.c
tip tc thot ra, ho tan ht kim loi trong bnh cn 33,33ml. Khi lng kim
ok
loi Fe trong hn hp l:
Cu 29. Dung dch X cha 0,8 mol HCl v 0,05 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . Cho m gam Fe
bo
vo dd X, khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Y gm hai

kim loi c khi lng 0,8m gam v V lt kh ( trong NO l sn phm kh duy
et
nht ca N+5, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:

A. 40 v 2,24. B. 96 v 6,72. C. 96 v 2,24. D. 40 v 1,12.
vi
Cu 30. Cho Zn ti d vo dung dch gm HCl; 0,05 mol NaNO 3 v 0,1 mol
KNO 3 . Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X cha m gam mui; 0,125
ng
mol hn hp kh Y gm 2 kh khng mu trong c mt kh ha nu trong khng

kh. T khi ca Y so vi H 2 l 12,2. Gi tr ca m l:
a
A. 61,375 B. 64,05 C. 57,975 D. 49,775.

kh
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn p n C
NO3 0,12.2 = 0, 24 mol NO 0,14

Ta c: + NO = 0,1 mol 3 Fe 2 + =
0, 27
H : 0, 4 mol Cl : 0, 4
BT khi lng kim loi ta c: 0,12. 64. + m = 0,628m + 0,27.56 m = 20.
Cu 2. Chn p n C
KL : m 2H 2 SO 4 + 2e SO2 + SO2 + H 2 O
2
29,7
O n NO2 = 0,8
295
84,1 m 29,7 m
= .2 .2 + 0,8
= m 26,5
96 16
Cu 3. Chn p n A
NO = 0,1 + 0, 04 = 0,14 n e = 0, 42
m
Fe : mol m
56
BTE
2. + 2.0,
= 065 0, 42=
m 8,12 g
Cu : 0, 065 mol 56
Ch : Bi ny mnh bo ton e cho c qu trnh cc bn nh .V cui cng ch thu

c mui Fe2+ v Cu2+
n
Cu 4. Chn p n D
.v
4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O NO3 : 0,3 0,06 =
+
0,24

0,24 0,06 Cl : 0,24
om
Fe2+ : 0,1mol

2+ 0, 48 0, 2
Cu : = 0,14 mol .c
2
ok
bo
et
vi
Cu 5. Chn p n D
Ag : a mol
ng

8,12 Cu : b mol 108a + 64b =
6, 44
Fe : 0, 03 H a = 0, 03 mol

a
2
3+ b = 0, 05 mol
Al : 0, 03 mol NO =a + 2b =0,13
kh
Fe2+ : 0, 02 mol 3

Cu 6. Chn p n B
n e+ =0,3 + 0, 06 =0,36 n Fe3+ =0,12 mol
C ngay:
n Cl = 0, 08 n NO3 = 0,36 0, 08 = 0, 28 mol
=m (= 3+
Fe ; Cl ; NO )
3 26,92
Cu 7. Chn p n A
296
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
0,24 0,06
Fe2+ : 0, 02 mol

Cl : 0,3 mol
Dung dch sau phn ng gm: +
H : 0,3 0, 24 =0, 06 mol
Cu 2+ : a mol

BTDT
0,02.2 + 2a + 0,06
= 0,3
= a 0,1 =
m 6,4
Cu 8. Chn p n B
n
n = 0,3 mol
Cu
.v
Ta c: n H+ = 1mol Kt hp vi 4 H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O

om
n NO3 = 0,5 mol
nHDu+ =0, 2 nOH =nHDu+ + 2nCu 2+ =0,8 mol
Cu 9. Chn p n A
.c
Cu 2+ : 0, 045 mol
ok

C ngay H+ ht nn c ngay dd NO3 : 0, 05 mol m =
7,9 g
2
SO4 : 0, 02 mol
bo
Cu 10. Chn p n C
4H+ + NO 3 - + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
et
0,32 0,16 0,08 0,16

Bo ton khi lng:
vi
10,32 + 0,16.63 + 0,08.98 = m + 0,08.30 + 0,16.18 m = 22,96

ng
Cu 11. Chn p n D
Fe 2+ 0,325 mol

a
D thy H+ ht do c ngay dd X SO42 0,1 mol

BTKL
mmuoi = 55, 7 g
kh

NO3 0, 45 mol
BTKL ta c: m + 6, 4 + 5,6
= 0,69m + 0,325.56 =
m 20 g
Cu 12. Chn p n B
4 H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O n
= 0,12 mol
nCu = 0,12 mol Cu 2+
n = 0,12 mol dd = nSO2 0,1 mol = m 19, 76
NO3
4
nNO3 = 0, 04 mol
nH + = 0,32 mol
Cu 13. Chn p n D
297
4 H + + NO + 3e NO + 2 H O
3 2
nCu 2+ = 0, 03 mol
nCu = 0, 03 mol
n 3+ = 0, 02 mol
nFe 0, 02 mol dd Fe = nOH 0,36
n = 0, 08 mol nH + = 0, 24 mol
NO3
n + = 0, 4 mol .......
H
Cu 14. Chn p n C
4 H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O

n
nCu = 0,1 mol
n = 0,1 mol n= 0, 05 mol C
.v
NO
NO3
n + = 0, 2 mol
om
H
Cu 15. Chn p n C
Ta c:
4 H + NO + 3e NO + 2 H 2O
+

.c
SO42 : 0,12 mol
X Na + : 0, 04 mol m = 18, 04 g
3 BTKL

ok
=
NO
n n=
H2 0, 04 mol 2+
Fe : 0,1 mol
bo
et
vi
Cu 16. Chn p n D
ng
NO : 0, 08

H : 0, 08 mol
+
a
nH + = 0, 4 mol SO 2 : 0, 2 mol
4
kh
Ta c: n
NO3 = 0, 08 mol X 2+
M : 0,12 mol
Na + : 0, 08 mol

nOH = 0,08 + 0,12.2 = 0,32
Cu 17. Chn p n A
298
H + : 0,1 mol

nH + = 0,5 mol Cl : 0,5 mol
Ta c: Y 3+ nCu =
0, 06 mol
n = 0,1 mol
NO3 Fe : 0,12 mol
Fe 2+ : 0, 02 mol

Cu 18. Chn p n D
C ngay V = 2,24lt
=
0,6 m 0,16.64 + m 0,31.56
= m 17,8 g
Cu 19. Chn p n D
Z l hn hp (Fe,Cu) mui l mui Fe2+.
n
n + = 0, 02 mol
.v
H
Ta c: n Fe3+ = 0, 01mol
om

= n NO3 0,=03 mol n SO2 0, 025 mol
4
S dng phng trnh 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O

BTNT.Nito
.c
NO3 : 0, 03 0, 005 = 0, 025

ok

= n NO 0, 005 mol Y SO24 : 0, 025 mol = m 6, 05 g
BTDT 2+
Fe : 0, 0375 mol
bo
Cu 20. Chn p n D
Bi ton kh n gin ch cn p dng BTE:
et
n = 0,1mol n 2+ = 0,1mol
Ta c: Fe
H 2SO4
Fe =
n e 0,1 + 0,1.2
= 0,3 mol
n Cu = 0,1mol n Cu = 0,1mol
vi

BTE
n NO = 0,1
a ng
Cu 21. Chn p n D
kh
n H+ = 0, 4 mol
Ta c: 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
n NO3 = 0, 2 mol
n NO 0,1mol
= =
BTE
n Cu 0,15 mol
Cu 2+ : 0,15 mol

= m 25, 4 NO= 3 : 0, 2 0,1 0,1mol
2
SO 4 : 0,1mol
Cu 22. Chn p n A
299
T duy: Bi ton ny ta cng BTE cho c qu trnh v cui cng ta thu c

mui Fe2+ v Cu2+ nn c ngay :
m 8,32

BTE
.2 + = .2 0, 2.3 + 0, 08.3=
m 16, 24 g
56 64
Cu 23. Chn p n B
n = 0,3 mol n max= 0, 6 mol
Cu e
Ta c: n NO 0,5 mol 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O

3
n H+ = 1mol
n Hphan ung
= 0,8 n du = 0,2 OH = 0,2 + 0,3.2 = 0,8 V = 2(lit)
n
+
H+
Cu 24. Chn p n C
.v
Fe : 0,15 H + : 0,75
om
Ta c: ;
; 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
Cu : 0,075 NO3 : 0,15
D thy trong dung dch c H+ d v mui Fe2+ nhng cho AgNO 3 vo th cui
cng ta s thu c Fe3+.Do p dng BTE cho c qu trnh:
.c
ok
Ch : Cht oxi ha s l NO v Ag.
NO : 0, 74 / 4 = 0,1875 mol
0,15.3 + 0, 075.2= 0,1875.3 + a
bo
Ag : a mol
Ag : 0, 0375 mol
a = 0,03375 BTNT
m = 90,15g
et
AgCl : 0,5.1, 2 = 0, 6 mol

Cu 25. Chn p n A
vi
n Fe= 0,1mol max

e = 0,1.3 = 0,3 mol
Ta c: do NO3 d .
ng
n
NO3 = 0,3 mol n max
e = 0,3.3 = 0, 9 mol
BTE cho c qu trnh (khng cn quan tm ti Cu)
a

BTE

= 0,1.3 3.n NO= V 2, 24 lit
kh
Cu 26. Chn p n A
Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kim loi nn mui l Fe2+.
Ta s dng: 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
n NO3 : 0,36 mol 0, 2
n NO = = 0, 05 mol
n H+ : 0, 2 mol 4
0,36 0, 05
=
BTNT.Nito
n Fe( NO3 ) = 0,155
2
2
BTKL(Fe+ Ag)
m + 0,16.108 = 1, 4m + 0,155.56
= m 21,5g
Cu 27. Chn p n B
300
nMg = 0, 08 mol Mg Mg ( NO3 )2

Ta c:
nFe = 0, 08 mol Fe Fe ( NO3 )3
AgCl : a mol
NO3 = Ag =
0, 4 56, 69
Ag : b mol
= a + b 0, 4= a 0,38 mol

143,5a +=
108b 56, 69 =b 0, 02 mol
nHCl = 0, 24 nCltrong Y = 0,38 0, 24 = 0,14 mol

nHCl =0, 24 nO =0,12 mol
trong Y
n
=
BTKL
m Y 0,08(56 + 24) + 0,14.35,5 += 0,12.16 13, 29
.v
Cu 28. Chn p n C
nNO = 0,1mol
om
Ta s dng: 4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O trong muoi
n NO3 = 0,3mol
Khi cho H 2 SO 4 (dung dch c cp thm H + )

.c
ok
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
n e = 0,1.3 + 0,1= 0, 4
bo
Fe : a 56a + 64b
= 12 = a 0, 02 mol
12 m Fe =
1,12 g
= + 2b 0, 4 =
et
Cu : b 3a b 0,17 mol
Cu 29. Chn p n B
vi
Y gm hai kim loi c khi lng 0,8m gam Dung dch ch c mui Fe2+.
ng
n H+ = 0,8 mol 4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O n NO = 0,1mol

+
Ta c: +
n NO3 = 0,1mol 2H + 2e H 2 n H2 = 0, 2 mol
a
BTKL(Fe + Cu )

BTDT
n FeCl
= 0, 4 m + 0,05.64
= 0, 4.56 + 0,8m =
m 96g
kh
Cu 30. Chn p n B
Cc bn ch nha, khi c kh H 2 bay ra th chc chn l NO 3 ht .
=nNO 0,1 mol BTNT .nito
=
nNH + 0, 05 mol
0,125Y 4
nH 2 = 0, 025 mol
ne = 0,1.3 + 0,025.2 + 0,05.8 = 0,75 nZn = 0,375 mol
301
n 2+ = 0,375 mol
Zn
nCl = a mol

Khi dung dch X=
l nK + 0,1 mol
=
BTDT
a 0,95 mol
= m 64, 05 g

nNH 4+ = 0, 05 mol
n = 0, 05 mol
Na +
CON NG T DUY S 11
BI TON KIM LOI TC DNG VI HNO 3
n
Con ng t duy :
.v
Vi bi ton dng ny cc bn nh cc phng trnh sau:
om
2HNO3 + e NO3 + NO2 + H 2 O
4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
10HNO3 + 8e 8NO3 + N 2 O + 5H 2 O
.c
10HNO3 + 8e 8NO3 + NH 4 NO3 + 3H 2 O
ok
12HNO3 + 10e 10NO3 + N 2 + 6H 2 O
Trong qu trnh gii ton cn vn dng linh hot thm cc LBT.
bo
Ch : Vi cc bi ton c Al Zn Mg thng s c NH 4 NO3

et
HNG DN P DNG
vi
Cu 1. t 5,6 gam Fe trong khng kh, thu c hn hp cht rn X. Cho ton b

X tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy
ng
nht) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 18,0. B. 22,4. C. 15,6 D. 24,2.
a

BTNT.Fe
=
n Fe 0,1 n Fe(NO
= 3 )3
0,1mol
= = 24, 2 g
m 0,1.242
kh
Cu 2. Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung

dch HNO 3 1,5M, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6 lt hn hp kh X
(ktc) gm NO v N 2 O. T khi ca X so vi H 2 l 16,4. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 98,20. B. 97,20. C. 98,75. D. 91,00.
a + b = 0, 25
n NO = a mol NO : 0, 2 mol
0, 25 30a + 44b ; ; NH 4 NO3 : a mol
n N 2O = b mol 0, 25 = 2.16, 4 N 2 O : 0, 05 mol

BTNT.nito
0, 95.1,5
= 0, 2 + 0, 05.2 + 0, 2.3 + 0, 05.8 + 2a + 8a
a = 0, 0125 mol
302

BTKL
=
m 29 + 62(0, 2.3 + 0, 05.8 + 0, 0125.8) + 0, 0125.80
= 98, 2 g
Cu 3. Ho tan 6,0 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn trong dung dch HNO 3 va
, sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,02 mol NO v
0,02 mol N 2 O. Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 25,4 gam mui khan. S mol
HNO 3 b kh trong phn ng trn l:
A. 0,08 mol B. 0,06 mol C. 0.09 mol D. 0,07 mol
nNH + = a mol 25,4 = 6 + (0,02.3 + 0,02.8)62 + 8a.62 + a(18 + 62) a = 0,01 mol
4
N b kh : 0,02 + 0,02.2 + 0,01 =

0,07 mol
Cu 4. Ho m gam hn hp Fe, Cu ( Fe Chim 40%) vo 380 ml dung dch HNO 3
n
1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 0,7m gam cht rn v 1,12 lt hn hp
.v
gm NO, N 2 O ( ktc)(l hai sn phm kh duy nht) . Khi lng mui khan thu
c khi c cn Y l:
om
4 HNO3 + 3e 3 NO3 + NO + 2 H 2O
10 HNO3 + 8e 8 NO3 + N 2O + 5 H 2O
.c
0,02.3 + 0,03.8
ok
C=
ngay mFe ( NO3 )2 = 27
2
Cu 5. Hn hp X gm Fe, Cu c khi lng 6 gam. T l khi lng gia Fe v
bo
Cu l 7 : 8. Cho lng X ni trn vo mt lng dd HNO 3 , khuy u cho phn

ng xy ra hon ton th thu c mt phn cht rn Y nng 4,32 gam, dd mui st
et
v NO. Khi lng mui Fe to thnh trong dd l:

vi
nCu = 0,05 mol Cu

4,32 nFe2+ =
ng
Ta c: 6 g 0,03 mol
nFe = 0,05 mol nFe = 0,02 mol
Chn B
a
Cu 6. Cho 22,8 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi H 2 d, nng. Phn

kh
ng hon ton thu c cht rn Y, cho Y tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 d

thu c 84,7 gam mui. % khi lng ca Fe 3 O 4 trong hn hp X l:
A. 50,80% B. 49,21% C. 49,12% D. 50,88%
84,7 22,8 0,35.56
n Fe( NO3 )3 = = 0,35mol n O= = 0, 2 mol
245 16
nFe3O=
4
0,05 mol % Fe3O=
4 50,88% Chn D
Cu 7. (Chuyn Vnh Phc ln 3 2014)Cho 3,76 gam hn hp X gm Mg v
MgO c t l mol tng ng l 14:1 tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 th thu c
303
0,448 lt mt kh duy nht (o ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch

Y thu c 23 gam cht rn khan T. Xc nh s mol HNO 3 phn ng?
A. 0,28 B. 0,34 C. 0,36 D. 0,32
n Mg= 0,14 mol n=
e 0, 28 mol
3, 76g
n MgO = 0, 01mol
Ta c:
n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0,15 mol
23g
n NH= 0, 01mol
= n e+ 0, 08 mol
4 NO3
n= n N 2
BTNT.nito
n HNO
= 0,15.2 + 0, 01.2 + 0, 02.2
= 0,36 mol
n
X 3
.v
Cu 8. Cho 14,4 gam hn hp gm Fe, Mg v Cu (s mol mi kim loi bng nhau)
tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 , thu c dung dch X v 2,688 lt (ktc) hn
om
hp gm 4 kh N 2 , N 2 O, NO v NO 2 trong hai kh N 2 v NO 2 c s mol bng
nhau. C cn cn thn ton b X thu c 58,8 gam mui khan. S mol HNO 3
tham gia phn ng l:
A. 0,945. B. 0,725. C. 0,923. .c D. 0,893.
Ch : V n N 2 = n NO2 nn ta c th xem nh hn hp kh ch c NO v N 2 O
ok
Fe : 0,1mol

14, 4 g Mg : 0,1mol
BTE
n e 0,1.3 + 0,1.(2=
= + 2) 0, 7 mol
bo
Cu : 0,1mol

CDLBT
=58,8 m(NH NO ,KL,NO
= )
m NH4 NO3 + 14,4 + 0,7.62
et
4 3 3
n NH4 NO3 =
0,0125
vi
N O : a mol a + b =0,12 a = 0, 048 mol

ng
0,12 2 BTE
NO : b mol 8a + 3b + 0, 0125.8= 0, 7 b = 0, 072 mol

BTNT.nito
n HNO
= n= 0, 7 + 0, 0125.2 + 0, 048.2 + 0, 072
= 0,893 mol
a
3 N
Cu 9. Cho 6,675g hn hp Mg v kim loi M ( ha tr duy nht n, ng sau Mg ,

kh
tc dng c vi H+ gii phng H 2 ) c t l mol l 1:1 vo dung dch AgNO 3 d

khi kt thc phn ng thu c 32,4g cht rn . mt th nghim khc nu cho
6,675g hn hp kim loi trn vo dung dch HNO 3 d sau phn ng thu c V lt
NO ktc ( sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 3,36. D. 2,24.
Ch : Cho d n bng bao nhiu th s mol hn hp Mg v M nhng cng bng
s mol Ag.
32, 4
Do c ngay:=ne = n Ag = 0,3 mol BTE
=n NO 0,1mol
108
304
Cu 10. Cho 4,8g Mg tc dng vi HNO 3 d. Phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c

2,24 lit NO (ktc) v dd X. Khi lng mui thu c trong X:
A. 29,6g B. 30,6g C. 34,5g D. 22,2g.
Ch : Khi nhn thy Mg,Al,Zn tc dng vi HNO 3 ta phi nh ngay ti NH 4 NO 3
0,4 0,1.3
=
n Mg 0,2 = n e 0,4 BTE
n NH=
4 NO3
= 0,0125
8
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0, 2 mol
m= 30, 6 g Chn B
NH 4 NO3 : 0, 0125 mol
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1. Cho 5,12 gam ng phn ng hon ton vi 50,4 gam dung dch HNO 3
n
60% thu c dung dch X. Hy xc nh nng % ca mui tan trong X bit
.v
rng nu thm 210ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X ri c cn v nung sn phm thu
c ti khi lng khng i th c 41,52 gam cht rn.
om
A. 26,15% B. 17,67% C. 28,66% D. 75,12%
Cu 2. Ho tan 4,32 gam nhm kim loi bng dung dch HNO 3 long, d thu c
V lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 35,52 gam
mui. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,4048. B. 5,6000.
.c
C. 4,4800. D. 2,5088.
ok
Cu 3. Cho 1 lng bt Fe tan ht trong dung dch cha HNO 3 , sau kh phn ng
kt thc th thu c 2,688 lt NO(kc) v dung dch X.Thm dung dch cha 0,3
mol HCl (long) vo l th thy kh NO tip tc thot ra v cui cng thu c
bo
dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y cn va ht 650 ml

dung dch KOH 1M.( Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Khi lng
mui c trong X l :
et

Cu 4. Ha tan hoan toan m gam hn hp 3 kim loi bng HNO 3 thu c V lit
vi
hn hp khi D (ktc) gm NO va NO 2 . T khi ca D so vi H 2 la 18,2. Gia thit

khng co phan ng to NH 4 NO 3 . Tng khi lng mui trong dung dich tinh theo
ng
m va V la:
A. (m+8,749V) gam. B. (m+6,089V) gam.
a
C. (m+8,96V) gam. D. (m+4,48V) gam.

Cu 5. Ha tan hoan toan 7,68 gam Cu vao dung dich 0,48 mol HNO 3 , khuy u
kh
thu c V lit hn hp kh NO 2 v NO (ktc) va dung dich X cha hai ch t tan.

Cho tip 200ml dung dich NaOH 2M vao dung dich X, loc b kt ta, c cn dung
dich ri nung n khi lng khng i thu c 25,28 gam cht rn. Cac phan
ng xay ra hoan toan. Gia tri V l:
A. 3,584 lt. B. 1,792 lt. C. 5,376 lt. D. 2,688 lt.
Cu 6. Ha tan hon ton 31,25 gam hn hp X gm Mg;Al v Zn trong dd
HNO 3 ,sau phn ng hon ton thu c dd Y v hn hp gm 0,1 mol N 2 O v 0,1
mol NO.C cn dd sau phn ng thu c 157,05 gam hn hp mui. Vy s mol
A. 0,30 B. 1,02 C. 0,5 D. 0,4
305
Cu 7. Ha tan 1,35 gam M trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c 2,24 lt hn hp kh

gm NO v NO 2 (ktc) c t khi so vi H 2 bng 21. Tm kim loi M.
A. Fe B. Cu C. Ag D. Al
Cu 8. Cho m gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg, Al, Zn tc dng va vi V lt dd
HNO3 1M, thu c sn phm kh kh NO duy nht v 35,85 gam mui trong
oxi chim 64,268% khi lng mui. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:
A. 6,09 v 0,48. B. 5,61 v 0,48. C. 6,09 v 0,64. D. 25,93 v 0,64.
Cu 9. Cho 3,76 gam hn hp X gm Mg v MgO c t l mol tng ng l 14:1
tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 th thu c 0,448 lt mt kh duy nht (o
ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch Y thu c 23 gam cht rn khan
n
T. Xc nh s mol HNO 3 phn ng.
.v
A. 0,28 B. 0,34 C. 0,32 D. 0,36
Cu 10. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 . Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
om
thu c dung dch X, kh Y khng mu ha nu trong khng kh c th tch l
0,896 lt (ktc) v cht rn Z. Lc ly cht rn Z cho phn ng va vi 2,92 ml
dung dch HCl 30% (d=1,25). Gi tr ca m l: .c
Cu 11. Ho tan hon ton cng mt lng oxit ca kim loi M (c ho tr khng
ok
i 2 th nghim) bng dung dch HCl v bng dung dch HNO 3 thu c mui
nitrat c khi lng nhiu hn khi lng mui clorua mt lng bng 99,375%
bo
khi lng oxit em ho tan. Cng thc oxit l:

A. Al 2 O 3 . B. Fe 2 O 3 . C. MgO. D. CuO.
et
Cu 12. Cho 3,024 gam mt kim loi M tan ht trong dung dch HNO 3 long, thu
c 940,8 ml kh N 2 O (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kim loi M l
vi
A. Mg. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Al.

Cu 13. Ha tan ht 15,2 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu bng dung dch HNO 3 thu
ng
c dung dch X v 4,48 lit kh NO ( ktc). Thm t t 3,96 gam kim loi Mg
vo hn hp X n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 224 ml kh NO (ktc),
a
dung dch Y v m gam cht rn khng tan. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca
N+5 trong cc phn ng. Gi tr ca m l:
kh
A. 9,6. B. 12,4. C. 15,2. D. 6,4.

Cu 14. Ha tan hon ton 4,8 gam Mg trong dung dch HNO 3 , thu c dung
dch X v 448 ml kh N 2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr m l :
A. 29,6. B. 30,6. C. 31,6. D. 30,0.
Cu 15. Cho 25,24 gam hn hp X cha Al, Zn, Mg, Fe phn ng va vi 787,5
gam dung dch HNO 3 20% thu c dung dch cha m gam mui v 0,2 mol hn
hp kh Y (gm N 2 O v N 2 ) c t khi so vi H 2 l 18. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 163,60. B. 153,13. C. 184,12. D. 154,12.
306
Cu 16. Ha tan ht hn hp X gm Fe, Cu v Ag trong V ml dung dch HNO 3

1M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y v 0,2 mol NO
(sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ti thiu ca V l:
A. 800. B. 400. C. 600. D. 200.
Cu 17. ha tan x mol mt kim loi M cn dng va 2x mol HNO 3 c,
nng gii phng kh NO 2 . Vy M c th l kim loi no trong cc kim loi sau?
A. Cu. B. Au. C. Fe. D. Ag.
Cu 18. Cho 2,8 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Ag phn ng hon ton vi dung dch
HNO 3 d, thu c 0,04 mol NO 2 (sn phm kh duy nht ca N +5 ) v dung dch
cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 4,08. B. 5,28. C. 2,62. D. 3,42.
Cu 19. Ho tan hon ton 8,4 gam Fe cn V ml dung dch HNO 3 0,5M thu c
.v
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr nh nht ca V l:
om
A. 400. B. 1200. C. 800. D. 600.
Cu 20. Cho m gam hn hp Fe v Cu c t l s mol l 1:1 tc dng vi 1,8 lt
dung dch HNO 3 1M. Khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch A (khng cha
.c
mui amoni) v 13,44 lt hn hp kh NO v NO 2 (ktc) v 4m/15 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 72. B. 60. C. 35,2. D. 48.
Cu 21. Bit hai kim loi A,B u c ha tr II(M A <M B ). Nu cho 10,4 gam hn
hp A v B (c s mol bng nhau) tc dng vi dd HNO 3 c,d thu c 8,96 lt
bo
kh NO 2 l sn phm kh duy nht.(ktc). Nu cho 12,8 gam hn hp A v B (c

khi lng bng nhau) tc dng vi dung dch HNO 3 c ,d thu c 11,6 lt
et
NO 2 (ktc), A v B ln lt l:
A. Mg v Cu B. Cu v Zn C. Mg v Zn D. Ca v Cu
vi
Cu 22. Ha tan hon ton 42,9 gam Zn trong lng va V ml dung dch HNO 3
ng
10%(d=1,26g/ml) sau phn ng thu c dung dch A cha 129,54 gam hai mui
tan v 4,032 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh NO v N 2 O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 840 ml B. 540ml C.857ml D.1336 ml
a

kh
1,12 lit NO (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui thu c trong X:
A. 17,25g. B. 14,8g. C. 11,7g. D. 15,3g.
Cu 24. Cho 12,9g hn hp gm Mg v Al phn ng va vi V(lt) dung dch
HNO 3 0.5M thu c dung dch B v hn hp C gm 2 kh N 2 v N 2 O c th tch
bng 2.24 lit (ktc).T khi ca C so vi H 2 l 18.Cho dung dich NaOH d vo
dung dch B thu c 1.12 lt kh(ktc) v m g kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt
l:
A. 35g v 3,2lt B.35g v 2,6lt
C.11,6g v 3,2lt D.11,6g v 2,6lt
307
Cu 25. Cho 7,76 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu (t l s mol Fe : Cu = 7 : 6) tc

dng vi dung dch cha 0,4 mol HNO 3 thu c dung dch Y v kh NO (sn
phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Tin hnh in phn dung dch Y vi in cc tr,
cng dng in khng i I = 9,65A trong thi gian t giy, thy khi lng
catot tng 4,96 gam (kim loi sinh ra bm ht vo catt). Gi tr ca t l:
A. 2000. B. 2400. C. 2337. D. 2602.
Cu 26. Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu, Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung
dch HNO 3 nng a mol/lt, thu c dung dch cha 98,2 gam mui v 5,6 lt
(ktc) hn hp X gm NO v N 2 O. T khi ca X so vi hidro bng 16,4. Gi tr
ca a l:
n
A. 1,65. B. 1,35. C. 2,50. D. 1,50.
Cu 27. Hn hp X gm Al v Al 2 O 3 c t l s mol tng ng l 8 : 5. Ha tan
.v
hon ton 21,78 gam X bng dung dch HNO 3 long, thu c 1,344 lt (ktc) kh
om
Y duy nht v dung dch Z cha 117,42 gam mui. Cng thc ca Y l:
A. N 2 . B. NO 2 . C. N 2 O. D. NO.
Cu 28. Cho 14,4 gam hn hp gm Fe, Mg v Cu (s mol mi kim loi bng
nhau) tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 , thu c dung dch X v 2,688 lt (ktc)
.c
hn hp gm 4 kh N 2 , N 2 O, NO v NO 2 trong hai kh N 2 v NO 2 c s mol
ok
bng nhau. C cn cn thn ton b X thu c 58,8 gam mui khan. S mol
HNO 3 tham gia phn ng l:
A. 0,945. B. 0,725. C. 0,923. D. 0,893.
bo

2,24 lit NO (ktc) v dd X. Khi lng mui thu c trong X:
et
A. 29,6g B. 30,6g C. 34,5g D. 22,2g.

Cu 30.Cho 6,175 gam Zn tc dng va vi dung dch cha a mol HNO 3 . Sau
vi
phn ng thu c dung dch X v 0,448 lit hn hp kh Y gm NO, N 2 O. T khi

hi ca Y so vi H 2 l 18,5. C cn dung dch X thu c b gam mui. Gi tr ca
ng
a v b ln lt l:
A.0,24 v 18,735. B.0,14 v 17,955.
a
C.0,24 v 18,755. D.0,14 v 18,755.

kh
Cu 31. Khi ha tan cng mt lng kim loi R vo dung dch HNO 3 c nng
(d) hoc dung dch H 2 SO 4 long (d) th th tch kh NO 2 (sn phm kh duy
nht) thu c gp 3 ln th tch kh H 2 cng iu kin to v p sut. Khi lng
mui sunfat thu c bng 62,81% khi lng mui nitrat to thnh. Kim loi R
l:
A. Zn B. Sn C. Cr D. Fe
Cu 32. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Mg ,Al ,Zn v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO 3 thu c dung dch Y (khng c mui amoni) v 11,2 lt(ktc) hn hp kh
Z gm N 2 ,NO ,NO 2 trong N 2 v NO 2 c phn trm th tch bng nhau c t
khi i vi heli bng 8,9. S mol HNO 3 phn ng l:
308
A. 3,0mol B. 2,8 mol. C. 3,4 mol. D. 3,2 mol.

Cu 33. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp A gm Zn v Al c t l mol 1:1 trong
dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c dung dch B v 4,48 lt kh N 2 (ktc). C cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c (m + 181,6) gam mui. Gi tr ca m gn nht
vi:
Cu 34. Ha tan ht 38,4 gam Mg trong dung dch HNO 3 long, d. Sau phn ng
thu c 8,96 lt kh Z c cng thc N x O y (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Kh Z l:
A. N 2 O B. NO 2 C. NO D. N 2
Cu 35. Ha tan hon ton 0,12 mol Zn bng dung dch HNO 3 d thot ra N 2 O
duy nht. Trong th nghim ny c n mol HNO 3 tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca
n
n l:
.v
A. 0,24. B. 0,20. C. 0,40. D. 0,30.
om
Cu 36. Ha tan hon ton 1,28 gam Cu vo 12,6 gam dd HNO 3 60% thu c dd
X (khng c ion NH 4 + ). Cho X tc dng hon ton vi 105 ml dd KOH 1M, sau
lc b kt ta c dd Y. C cn Y c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng
khng i, thu c 8,78 gam cht rn. Nng phn trm ca Cu(NO 3 ) 2 trong X
.c
l:
ok
A. 30,08%. B. 27,09%. C. 28,66%. D. 29,89%.
Cu 37. Cho m gam Fe tac dung vi dung dich HNO 3 thy sinh ra 0,1 mol NO la
san phm kh duy nht cua HNO 3 v cn li 1,6 gam Fe khng tan. Gi tr ca m
bo
l:
A. 5,6 B. 7,2 C. 8,4 D. 10
et
Cu 38. Ho tan hon ton 8,3 gam hn hp X (Fe v 1 kim loi M c ho tr

khng i) trong dung dch HNO 3 long d th thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh Y
vi
ktc gm NO, NO 2 c dY/H 2 = 21 v ch xy ra 2 qu trnh kh. Nu ho tan hon

ton 8,3 (g) hn hp X trn trong dung dch HCl th thu c 5,6 lt H 2 (ktc).
ng
Kim loi M l.
A. Ni. B. Mg. C. Al. D. Zn.
a
Cu 39. Ha tan hon ton 3,79 gam hn hp X gm Al v Zn (c t l mol tng

kh
ng l 2 : 5) vo dung dch cha 0,394 mol HNO 3 thu c dung dch Y v V ml

(ktc) kh N 2 duy nht. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong Y thu c dung dch
trong sut cn 3,88 lt dung dch NaOH 0,125M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 112 B. 268,8 C. 358,4 D. 352,8
Cu 40. Ho tan hon ton 4,59 gam Al trong dung dch HNO 3 thu c dung dch
X cha Al(NO 3 ) 3 v HNO 3 d, hn hp kh Y gm NO v N 2 O. T khi ca Y so
vi H 2 l 16,75. Tnh th tch mi kh trong hn hp Y ktc.
A. 0,672 lt v 2,016 lt B. 2,016 lt v 0,672 lt
C. 1,68 lt v 0,56 lt D. 0,56 lt v 1,68 lt.
309
Cu 41. Ha tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch

HNO 3 c, nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO 2 (duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y.
Sc t t kh NH 3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr
ca m ln lt l:
A. 78,05% v 0,78 B. 21,95% v 2,25
C. 21,95% v 0,78 D. 78,05% v 2,25.
Cu 42. Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm hai kim loi trong dung dch HNO 3 d,
kt thc cc phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y gm 0,1 mol NO, 0,15 mol NO 2 v
0,05 mol N 2 O. Bit rng khng c phn ng to mui NH 4 NO 3 . S mol HNO 3 to
n
mui l:
.v
Cu 43. Cho 29 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu v Ag tc dng va vi 950 ml dung
dch HNO 3 1,5M, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui v 5,6 lt hn hp kh X
om
(ktc) gm NO v N 2 O. T khi ca X so vi H 2 l 16,4. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 98,20. B. 98,75. C. 91,00. D. 97,20.
Cu 44. Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu
.c
ok
bo
A. 97,98. B. 99,87. C. 98,78. D. 106,38.

Cu 45. Cho 2,56 gam kim loi Cu phn ng hon ton vi 25,2 gam dung dch
HNO 3 60% thu c dung dch X. Bit rng nu thm 210ml dung dch KOH 1M
et
vo X ri c cn v nung sn phm thu c ti khi lng khng i th c

20,76 gam cht rn. S mol HNO 3 tham gia phn ng vi Cu l:
vi

Cu 46. Cho hn hp A gm 0,3 mol Mg, 0,7 mol Fe phn ng vi V lt HNO 3
ng
2M, thu c hn hp X gm 0,1 mol N 2 O, 0,2 mol NO v cn li 5,6 gam kim

loi. Gi tr ca V lt l:
a
A. 1,20 B. 1,10 C. 1,22 D. 1,15

kh
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1. Chn p n C
nCu = 0, 08 mol KNO2 : 0, 4 mol
NO : a mol
=
nHNO3 0, 48 mol 41,52 g CuO : 0, 08 mol =
BTNT .nito
N 0, 08
KOH : 0, 02 mol NO2 : b mol
nKOH = 0, 42 mol
=a + b 0, 08
= a 0, 04 mol

=3a + b 0, 08.2
= b 0, 04 mol
310
15, 04
=
%Cu ( NO3 ) 2 = 28, 66%
50, 4 + 5,12 0, 04(30 + 46)
Cu 2. Chn p n D
= = n Al(NO3 )3
n Al 0,16
n e = 0, 48 = 3n NO + 0, 018.8 n NO = 0,112 mol
n NH4 NO3 = 0, 018 mol
Cu 3. Chn p n B
2,688 BTE Trong X
Ta c: = n NO = 0,12(mol) n=NO3
=0,12.3 0,36(mol)
22, 4
KCl : 0,3(mol)
n
BTNT.K
=
n KOH 0,65(mol)
KNO3 : 0,35(mol)
.v
BTNT.N BTE
n=
NO 0,36 0,35
= 0, 01 n=
Fe2+
0, 03(mol)
om
Fe2 + : 0, 03(mol)

X Fe3+ : 0,1(mol) BTKL
m = 29,6(gam) Chn B

NO3 : 0,36(mol)
.c
ok
Cu 4. Chn p n B
2 2 V
NO 2 : 5 V NO3 : 5 . 22, 4 .1
bo
V
NO : 3 V NO : 3 . V .3

3
5 5 22, 4
et
9V 2V
muo i =
m + 62( + )= m + 6,089V
vi
5.22,4 5.22,4
Cu 5. Chn p n A
ng
NaNO 2 : a =
mol a + b 0, 4= a 0,32 mol
nNaOH = 0, 4 25, 28g
NaOH : b mol 69a =
+ 40b 25, 28=b 0, 08 mol
a
N = (NO + NO 2 ) = 0, 48 0,32 = 0,16 mol

kh
Ch : Ti sao mnh li lm ngay cht rn l NaNO 2 v NaOH? V nu l NaNO 2

th 0,4.NaNO 2 >25,8 m gi s mNaNO 2 <25,8 ta cng phi th nh vy. Vi
hnh thc thi trc nghim m ngi bin lun theo nhng bi kiu dng nh trn
l khng th chp nhn c.
Cu 6. Chn p n A
n NO= 0,1mol n = 0,3 mol
NO3

n
N 2O = 0,1mol n = 0,8 mol
NO3

n NH4NO3 = a mol n NO3 = 8a mol
311
157,05 = 31,25 + 62(1,1 + 8a) + 80a a = 0,1 A

Ch : S mol HNO 3 b kh chnh l s mol N c s oxi ha khc +5.
Cu 7. Chn p n D
NO2 : 0, 075 mol 1,35.n
0,1 =n e 0,15 mol = M =M Al
NO : 0, 025 mol 0,15
Cu 8. Chn p n C
+ 0, 48
n O =1, 44 n NO3 =0, 48 =n e n NO = =0,16 mol
3
m = 35,85 0, 48.62 = 6, 09 g

BTNT.nito
=
n N 0,16 + 0,= 48 0, 64 mol
n
Cu 9. Chn p n D
.v

BTNT Mg
n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0,15 mol
=n Mg 0,14 mol =n e 0, 28 mol BTKL
om
3, 76 23g 23 0,15.148
n MgO = 0, 01mol = n NH4 NO3 = 0, 01
80
BTE
= 0, 28 0, 01.8 + 0, 02.10 .c
=
n N 2 0, 02 mol
BTNT nito
n=
HNO3 =
n N 0,15.2 + 0, 02 + 0,=
02.2 0,36 mol
ok
Cu 10. Chn p n A
0, 04.3
=
n NO 0, 04 mol
=
BTE
n Fe = 0, 06 mol
=
m 0, 075.56
= 4, 2 g
bo
2
n=
HCl 0, 03 mol = n Fe 0, 015 mol
Cu 11. Chn p n B
et
V ha tr khng thay i nn khi lng H 2 O thu c nh nhau ,gi m l KL

vi
oxit
n HCl =2 m muoiCl =(m 16) + 2.35,5
ng
C ngay: n= 1mol
n HNO3 =2 m muoi nitrat =(m 16) + 2.62
H 2O
160
a
m.0,99375 = 53 m = Fe2 O3
3
kh
Cu 12. Chn p n D
3, 024.n
n N 2O = 0, 042 mol n e = 0,336 mol M = = 9n = 9.3 = 27 = Al
0,336
Cu 13. Chn p n D
n = a mol 56a +=64b 15, 2 =
a 0,1mol
15, 2 g Fe
= n Cu b mol =
3a + 2b 0, 2.3= b 0,15 mol
312
n Mg 0,165 mol =
= n e 0,33 mol
n +e = 0, 01.3 + 0,1Fe3+ + 0,1.Cu 2+
n
NO = 0, 01mol
= m 0,1.64= 6, 4 g
Cu 14. Chn p n C
n=Mg 0, 2 mol =n e 0, 4 mol

0, 4 0, 02.10
n N 2 = 0, 02 mol n NH4NO3 = = 0, 025 mol
8
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0, 2 mol
m= 31, 6g
n
NH 4 NO3 : 0, 025 mol
.v
Cu 15. Chn p n D
= n N 2 0,1mol =
BTE
n NO 1mol

om
n HNO3 = 2,5 mol 0, 2
3
= n N 2O 0,1mol =
BTE
n NO 0,8 mol
3
n=
NH 4 NO3 a mol
BTE

= n NO 8a mol .c
3

=2,5 0, 2.2 + 1 + 0,8 + 2a + 8a =
BTNT.nito
a 0, 03 mol
ok
m= (X, NO3 , NH 4 NO3 ) =25, 24 + 0, 03.80 + 2, 04.62 =154,12 g
Cu 16. Chn p n A
bo
Khi cht kh l cc kim loi ta c th dng :

4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
et
n HNO
= 3
0,8mol =
V 800ml
vi
Cu 17. Chn p n D
Kim loi MM(NO 3 ) n do M khng th c ha tr cao hn 1 v D ngay
ng
Cu 18. Chn p n B
nCu a mol BTE 64a 108b 2,8 a 0, 01 mol
Cch 1: 2,8 g
mB
a
n Ag b mol 2a b 0, 04 b 0, 02 mol

kh
Cch 2: nNO2 0,04 nNO 0,04 m 2,8 0,04.62 B

3
Cu 19. Chn p n C
4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
Fe 2e Fe2 + = n e 0,3 mol
0,15
Cu 20. Chn p n D
313
7m
m= =
56a mol
Fe
n = a mol Fe
15
=
C ngay: m 120a do cht rn l Cu
n Cu = a mol m = 8m mol
Cu 15

BTNT.nito
NO=
3 1,8 0,=
6 1, 2

n Fe = a mol 2a + a = 1,2 a = 0,4 m = 120a = 48
n = 0,5a mol
Cu
Cu 21. Chn p n D
A : a mol
2(a + b)= 0, 4 a + b= 0, 2
n
10, 4g
B : b mol
.v
a = 0,1mol
10, 4 = 40.0,1 + 64.0,1
om
b = 0,1mol
Kt hp vi cc p n bn nh! ng di ngi suy lun tip d kin 2 lm g
cho nhc . .c
Cu 22. Chn p n A
Zn(NO3 )2 : 0, 66 mol
ok
Zn : 0, 66 mol n e =1,32 129,54
NH 4 NO3 : 0, 06 mol

bo
HNO3 :

0,18 NO= : a mol a + b 0,18

=

a 0,12 mol

et
N 2 O : b mol 3a + 8b + 0,
= 06.8 1,32= b 0, 06 mol

BTNT.nito
n= 0,66.2 + 0,06.2 + 0,12 + 0,06.2
= 1,68
vi
HNO3
m dd 1, 68.63
V= = = 840 ml
ng
d 0,1.1, 26
Cu 23. Chn p n D
a
n= Mg 0,1mol = n e 0, 2 mol 0, 2 0, 05.3

n NH4= = 0, 00625 mol
kh
NO3
n NO = 0, 05 mol 8
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0,1mol
m= 15,3g
NH 4 NO3 : 0, 00625 mol
Cu 24. Chn p n C
N : 0,05mol BTNT
Ta c: 0,1mol 2 = ; n NH 0,05mol n NH NO 0,05mol
=
N
2 O : 0,05mol 3 4 3
314
Mg : a mol BTE 24a + 27b =

12,9
12,9g
Al : b mol 2a=
+ 3b 0,05(10 + 8 + 8)
Mg : 0,2 mol
BTNT
n Mg(OH) = 0,2 mol
2 m=
11,6g
Al : 0,3mol
BTNT nit
n HNO = 2a + 3b + 0,05. (2 + 2 + 2) = 1,6 g
3
Cu 25. Chn p n A
Fe : 0, 07 mol
Ta c: 7, 76 g ; 4HNO3 + 3e 3NO3 + NO + 2H 2 O
Cu : 0, 06 mol
n
Cu 2+ : 0, 06 mol Cu 2+ : 0, 06 mol
.v
2+ BTNT + BTDT
Y Fe : a mol Fe2+ : 0, 03 mol
om
Fe3+ : b mol Fe3+ : 0, 04 mol

m catot = 0, 06.64 + 0, 02.56 = 4, 96g

BTE
=
n e 0,04.1 + 0,06.2 + 0,02.2
= 0,2
=
.c
It

= t 2000 (giy)
F
ok
Cu 26. Chn p n D
Ch : Khi gp bi ton kim loi tc dng vi HNO 3 m thy Al,Zn,Mg hy ch
bo
ti mui NH 4 NO 3 .
Kim loa i : 29 gam
NO : 0,2 mol
et
Ta c: X ; 98,2g NH 4 NO3 : x mol

N 2 O : 0,05mol
NO3 : 0,2.3 + 0,05.8 + 8x

vi
BTKL
x = 0,0125
BTNT.nito
n= N 1,425=
= a 1,5
ng
HNO3
Cu 27. Chn p n C
Al : 8a mol
a
21, 78 gam 8a.27 + 5a.102

= 21, 78 =
a 0, 03
Al 2 O3 : 5a mol
kh
Al : 0, 24 mol n e =
0, 72 mol
+
Al 2 O3 : 0,15 mol
117, 42 0,54.213

BTNT.Al
=
n Al( NO3 ) 0,54 mol
BTKL
=
n NH4NO3 = 0, 03 mol
3 80

BTE
=
0,72 0,03.8 + n.0,06
= n 8
Cu 28. Chn p n D
Ch : V n N 2 = n NO2 nn ta c th xem nh hn hp kh ch c NO v N 2 O
315
Fe : 0,1mol

14, 4g Mg : 0,1mol
BTE
n e 0,1.3 + 0,1.(2=
= + 2) 0, 7 mol
Cu : 0,1mol

CDLBT
=58,8 m(NH NO ,KL,NO
=
4 )3

3 m NH4 NO3 + 14,4 + 0,7.62
n NH4 NO3 =
0,0125 mol
N O : a mol a + b =0,12 a = 0, 048 mol
0,12 2 BTE
NO : b mol 8a + 3b + 0, 0125.8= 0, 7 b = 0, 072 mol

BTNT.nito
n HNO
= n= 0, 7 + 0, 0125.2 + 0, 048.2 + 0, 072
= 0,893 mol
n
3 N
Cu 29. Chn p n B
.v
Ch : Khi nhn thy Mg,Al,Zn tc dng vi HNO 3 ta phi nh ngay ti NH 4 NO 3
om
0, 4 0,1.3
= =
n Mg 0, 2 mol n e 0, 4 mol BTE

= n NH4 NO3 = 0, 0125 mol
8
Mg(NO3 )2 : 0, 2 mol
m=
30, 6g Chn B .c
NH 4 NO3 : 0, 0125 mol
ok
a + b = 0, 02
NO : a mol
Ta c ngay: 30a + 44b a = b = 0, 01mol
N 2 O : b mol 0, 02 = 18,5.2
bo

=
n Zn 0, 095 mol=
n e 0,19 mol
et
0,19 0, 01.3 0, 01.8

=
BTE
n NH4NO3 = 0, 01mol
8
vi
Zn ( NO3 )2 : 0, 095 mol

b=
18, 755
ng
NH 4 NO3 : 0, 01mol
=
BTNT.Nito
0, 01.2 0, 24 mol Chn C
n 0, 095.2 + 0, 01.2 + 0, 01 + =
a
Cu 31. Chn p n D
kh
T th tch cc kh d dng suy ra R c ha tr 2 v ha tr 3.

R + 96
Gi s n R = 1 = 0,6281 R = 56
R + 62.3
Cu 32. Chn p n D
Cu ny ta cn ch quy i hn hp kh :
N N O N O : a mol
n N 2 =n NO2 2 2 0,5Z 2
NO2 NO NO : b mol
= a + b 0,5= a 0, 2 mol
n N = 8a + 3b + 2a + b = 3, 2 mol
44a +=
30b 17,8 = b 0,3 mol
316
Cu 33. Chn p n B
NH 4 NO3 : a(mol)

Ta c : m + 181,6 =+ m
0,2.10.62
+ 8a.62 a =
+ 80a
0,1(mol)
A NH 4 NO3

NO3
Zn : 0,56(mol) BTKL
n= e 0,2.10 + 8a
= 2,8 BTE
=m 51,52(gam)
Al : 0,56(mol)
Cu 34. Chn p n A
Ta = =
c: n Mg 1, 6 mol n e 3, 2 mol;
= n Z 0, 4 mol
BTE
= 0, 4.8 3, 2
Cu 35. Chn p n D
n
0,12.2
Ta c: =
BTE
n N2O = 0, 03 mol
.v
8

BTNT.Nito
n= 0,12.2 + 0,03.2
= 0,3mol
om
HNO3
Cu 36. Chn p n C
Vi kiu thi t lun chng ta phi bin lun xem 8,78 l cht g? Nhng vi thi
.c
trc nghim lm th l khng chp nhn c v rt mt thi gian cho nn ta s gi
s trng xy ra vi xc sut cao nht:
ok
KOH : a mol
= n KOH 0,105 mol 8, 78
KNO2 : b mol
bo

BTNT.K
a + b= 0,105 KOH : 0, 005 mol
BTKL
56a + 85b = 8, 78 KNO2 : 0,1mol
et
NO : c mol

BTNT.nito
n N 0,12 =
= 0,1 0, 02
vi
NO2 : d mol
c + d =
ng
0,02
BTE
3c= +d =2n Cu 0,04
a
NO : 0, 01mol 0, 02(64 + 62.2)

%Cu
= ( NO3 )2 = 28, 66%
1, 28 + 12, 6 0, 01(30 + 46)
kh
NO2 : 0, 01mol
Cu 37. Chn p n D
Ch : Cn Fe d nn mui thu c l mui Fe2+.
0,1.3

BTE
=
n Fe2+ = 0,15= m 0,15.56= + 1, 6 10g
2
Cu 38. Chn p n C
a + b = 0, 4
NO : a mol a = 0,1mol
C ngay : 30a + 46b
NO2 : b mol 0, 4 = 42 b = 0,3 mol

317
=
BTE
n e 0,1.3=
+ 0,3 0,6
Fe : x mol
=
HNO3
3x + ny =
0, 6 x 0,1mol
HCl
M : y mol 2x + ny = 0,5 ny = 0,3

BTKL
0,1.56=
+ My 8,3 =
M = =
27 y 0,1 n 3
Cu 39. Chn p n B
Al : 2a mol BTKL
27.2a + 65.5a
= 3, 79=
a 0, 01
Zn : 5a mol
Al : 0, 02 mol
ne =
0,16 mol
n
Zn : 0, 05 mol
.v
Dung dch sau cng c :
Na + : 0, 485 mol
om

AlO2 : 0, 02 mol N 2 : x mol
2

BTDT
b = 0,365 +
ZnO 2 : 0, 05 mol NH 4 : y mol
.c
NO : b mol
3
ok

BTE
10x + 8y= 0,16 x = 0, 012 mol
BTNT.nito V=
0, 2688 lit
2x=
+ y 0,394 0,365 y = 0, 005 mol
bo
Cu 40. Chn p n B
NO : a mol
BTE
3a + 8b= 0,17.3 a = 0, 09 mol
n Al = 0,17
et
N 2 O : b mol 30a + 44b = (a + b).2.16, 75 b = 0, 03 mol

Cu 41. Chn p n A
vi
Cu : a mol 64a += 27b 1, 23 = a 0, 015 mol %Cu = 78, 05

1, 23
ng
Al : b mol 2a += 3b 0, 06 =b 0, 01mol = = 0, 78g

m 0, 01.78
Cu 42. Chn p n C
a
Ch : Vi bi ton kim loi tc dng vi HNO 3 ta lun c

kh
n e = n trong
NO
muo i cu a kim loa i
3

BTNT.Nito
n=
HNO3
= n N 0,1.3 + 0,15 + 0,=
05.8 0,85 mol
Cu 43. Chn p n A
Ch : Vi cc bi ton kim loi tc dng vi HNO 3 .Khi nhn thy cc kim loi
mnh nh Ca,Mg,Al,Zn th phi ngh ngay ti mui NH 4 NO 3 .
NO : 0, 2 mol
Ta c 0, 25 ; n NH4 NO3 = a
BTNT.Nito
0, 95.1,5 =
N
2 O : 0, 05 mol
318
= ( 0,2 + 0,2.3) + ( 0,05.2 + 0,05.8) + 8a + 2a

Kim loa i : 29 gam
BTKL
= a 0,0125 = m 98,2g NO3 :1,1 mol
NH NO : 0,0125mol
4 3
Cu 44. Chn p n D
N 2 O : 0, 03 mol
Ta c: n=Al 0, 46 mol n= e = 1,38 mol 0, 06
3.0, 46
N 2 : 0, 03 mol
1,38 0, 03.8 0, 03.10
=
BTE
n NH4 NO3 = 0,105 mol
n
8
Al ( NO3 )3 : 0, 46 mol
.v

BTNT.Al
m= 106,38g
NH 4 NO3 : 0,105 mol
om
Cu 45. Chn p n B
n Cu = 0, 04 mol
n CuO = 0, 04 mol
.c
Ta c:=
n HNO3 0, 24 mol
TH1
20, 76 =
> 19, 45 Loi
n KNO2 = 0, 21mol
n KOH = 0, 21mol
ok
n CuO = 0, 04 mol
=
BTNT.K
a + b =
0, 21 a 0, 2 mol
bo
20, 76
TH 2
= n
KNO2 a mol BTKL
85a + 56b = 17,56 b = 0, 01mol
n
KOH = b mol
et
BTNT.Nito s mol nguyn t N thot ra l : 0,24 0,2 = 0,04.

BTNT
=
n phan
HNO3
ung
n N [Cu(NO3 )2 , NO,= NO2 ] 0, 04.2= + 0, 04 0,12 mol
vi
Cu 46. Chn p n D
Kim loi cn d nn mui st l Fe2+ v HNO 3 ht.
ng
Mg : 0,3mol
Ta c ngay: n e= 0,3.2 + 0, 6.2= 1,8 mol
Fe : 0, 6 mol
a
1,8 0,1.8 0, 2.3

kh
=
BTE
n NH4 NO3 = 0, 05 mol
8
n HNO
BTNT.Nito
= 3
0,1.8 + 0, 2.3 + 0,05.8 + 0,1.2 + 0, 2 + 0,05.2
= 2,3
2,3
V= = 1,15lit
2
CON NG T DUY S 12
BI TON HP CHT TC DNG VI HNO 3
Con ng t duy:
319
y l dng ton c rt nhiu bi tp hay. lm tt loi bi tp ny cc bn

cn vn dng tt cc nh lut bo ton (BTE , BTNT, BTDT, BTKL) . Cc bi
ton hay cn vn dng linh hot tng hp cc nh lut trn.
Tn dng trit k thut Chia tr. Thng hay gp cc trng hp:
Fe Fe
Fe, FeO, Fe x O y Chia
; Fe, FeS,S, FeS 2
Chia

O S
Fe
Cu
Fe, Fe x O y , FeS x
Chia
O ; Cu,CuS,S,Cu 2 S
Chia

S S

n
Ch : Nu bi yu cu tnh ton s liu lin quan ti HNO 3 cc bn nn
.v
BTNT.N
om
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Ha tan hon ton 8,0 gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS 2 vo mt lng va
dung dch HNO 3 c nng, ch thu c V lt kh NO 2 (l sn phm kh duy
.c
nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm n d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo dung dch Y, thu
ok
c kt ta. Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i, c 32,03 gam cht rn Z.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36. B. 20,16. C. 11,2. D. 2,24.
bo
FeS : a mol
Ta c :
BTKL
88a + 120b = 8
FeS : b mol
et
BTNT . Fe a+b
Fe2O3 :
233 ( a + 2b ) + 80 ( a + b ) = 32,03
vi
Z : 2 BTKL

BTNT . S
BaSO4 : a + 2b

ng
a = 0,05 mol
ne =0,05.9 + 0,03.15 =0,9 =nNO 2 Chn B
b = 0,03 mol
a
Cu 2: Khi cho 39,2 gam hn hp M gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , CuO v Cu

kh
(trong oxi chim 18,367% v khi lng) tc dng vi lng d dung dch
HNO 3 nng a mol/l th th tch dung dch HNO 3 tham gia phn ng l 850 ml.
Sau phn ng thu c 0,2 mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca a
l:
A. 2,0. B. 1,0. C. 1,5. D. 3,0.
= nFe x= mol ; nCu y mol 56 x + 64 y = 32
Ta c : 39, 2 g
n=
O 0, 45 mol 3 x + 2=
y 0, 45.2 + 0, 2.3
= 1,5
1, 7

BTNT . N
nN 0, 4.3 + 0,15.2=
= + 0, 2 1, 7 mol=
a = 2
0,85
320
Cu 3: Cho 22,72 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 v Fe 3 O 4 phn ng ht vi

dung dch HNO 3 long d thu c V lt kh NO(duy nht ktc) v dung dch X.
C cn dung dch X thu c 77,44 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,688 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
n Fe = 0,32 mol
=
n Fe(NO3 )3 0,32 mol
BTNT.Fe
22, 72 BTKL
n O = 0,3 mol
BTE
0,32.3
= 0,3.2 + 3n NO= V 2, 688 lit A
Cu 4: 4,2 gam st trong khng kh mt thi gian thu c 5,32 gam hn hp
X gm st v cc oxit ca n. Ha tan ht X bng dung dch HNO 3 , thy sinh ra
0,448 lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Vy khi lng
n
mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch Y l:
.v
om
n = 0, 075 mol Fe2 + : a mol BTE 2a + 3b = 0, 07.2 + 0, 02.3
Fe : 0, 075 Fe 3+
=
n O 0, 07 mol Fe : b mol a + b 0, 075
a = 0,025 .c

b = 0,05
ok
Cu 5. Ha tan ht 0,03 mol mt oxit st c cng thc FexOy vo dung dch
HNO 3 long, d thu c 0,01 mol mt oxit nit c cng thc NzOt (sn phm
bo
kh duy nht). Mi quan h gia x, y, z, t l:

A. 27x -18y = 5z 2t. B. 9x -6y = 5z 2t.
C. 9x -8y = 5z 2t. D. 3x -2y = 5z 2t.
et
+5 2t
zN + (5z 2t) =
zN z
0,03.(3x 2y)
= 0,01(5z 2t)
vi
Ta c : 2y
xFe x (3x 2y)e =
+
xFe3+

ng
Cu 6: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp M gm 2 oxit st trong lng d dung dch

HCl, thu c dung dch X. Sc kh Cl 2 ti d vo X thu c dung dch Y cha
a
40,625 gam mui. Nu cho m gam M trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 long,
kh
d th thu c 0,05 mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:

A. 23,6. B. 18,4. C. 19,6. D. 18,8.
n = a mol 40, 625
Ta quy i m Fe Y : FeCl
= 3 a = 0, 25 mol
n O = b mol 56 + 35,5.3

BTE
0, 25.3
= 2b + 0, 05.3
= b 0,3 mol
321
nFe = 0,075 mol

nFe2+ = a mol
=nO 0,07 mol
n = 0,02 mol nFe3+ = b mol
NO
BTNT + BTE =a + b 0,075
= a 0,025 mol

2a=+ 3b 0, 2 =b 0,05 mol
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton hn hp FeS v FeCO 3 bng dung dch HNO 3 c,
nng, d thu c hn hp gm 2 kh CO 2 v NO 2 (NO 2 l sn phm kh duy
nht ca HNO 3 ) c t khi hi so vi hiro bng 22,909. Phn trm khi lng ca
FeS trong hn hp ban u l:
n
A. 44,47%. B. 43,14%. C. 83,66%. D. 56,86%.
.v
FeCO3 : a mol CO2 : a mol 116a + 88b = 100
100 a = b = 0,19
FeS : b mol BTE NO2 :10a a + 9b = 10a
om
Cu 8: Ha tan ht 31,2 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 vo 800 ml dung dch
HNO 3 2M va thu c V lt NO (kc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch
X. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 9,6 gam Cu. Gi tr ca V l:
.c
A. 8,21 lt B. 6,72 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 3,73 lt
ok
n 3+ = 0,3 mol
Fe
n Cu= 0,15 mol n Fe3= 0,3 mol X n Fe2= a mol
bo
+ +

n NO3 =b mol n NO =1, 6 b

Ta c : BTDT
0,3.3 + 2a = b
et
0,3 + a 56(a + 0,3) + 16c =

31, 2g n= Fe
BTE
31, 2
vi
n O = c mol 3.0,3 += 2a 2c + 3(1, 6 b)

ng

=2a + b 0, 9= a 0, 2 mol
a

56a + 16c= 14, 4 b= 1,3 mol
kh
2a + 3b=
2c 3, 9 = c 0, 2 mol

Cu 9: t 12,8 gam Cu trong khng kh thu c cht rn X. Ha tan ht X bng
dd HNO 3 0,5 M c 0,448 lt kh NO. Th tch dd axit HNO 3 dng l:
A. 0,21 (lt) B. 0,42 (lt) C. 0,63(lt) D. 0,84(lt)
Ta c:
Cu : 0, 2 n Cu(NO
= 3 )2
0, 2 mol
BTNT.nito

= n N 0, 2.2 +=
0, 02 0, 42 mol
322
Cu 10. Ha tan ht m gam hn hp X gm FeO,Fe 2 O 3 ,Fe 3 O 4 bng HNO 3 c

nng thu c 4,48 lit kh NO 2 (ktc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
145,2 gam mui khan gi tr ca m l:
n Fe= a= 0, 6= n Fe( NO3 )
m 3

BTE
3.0,
= 6 2b + 0, 2
= b 0,8 =
m 46, 4g
n O = b mol
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: m gam phi bo st ngoi khng kh,sau mt thi gian Fe b oxi ha
n
thnh hn hp X gm 4 cht rn c khi lng 27,2 gam. Ha tan va ht X trong
.v
300 ml dung dch HCl nng a mol/lit thy thot ra 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc) v dung
dch Y. Cho tip dung dch HNO 3 ti d vo dung dch Y c dung dch Z cha
om
hn hp FeCl 3 ,Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ,HNO 3 d v c 2,24 lt NO duy nht thot ra(ktc). Gi
tr ca m v a ln lt l:
A. 22,4 v 3M B. 16,8 gam v 2M.
.c
C.22,4 gam v 2M D.16,8 gam v 3M.
ok
bo
A. 12,8. B. 6,4. C. 9,6. D. 3,2.
et
Cu 3: Ha tan ht 0,03 mol hn hp X gm MgS, FeS v CuS trong dung dch

HNO 3 d. Khi kt thc phn ng ch thu c dung dch Y v 0,15 mol hn hp
vi
kh Z gm NO 2 v NO c t khi hi so vi hiro l 61/3. Nu cho dung dch Y

phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng th khng c kh thot ra. Phn trm
ng
s mol ca FeS trong X l:

A. 92,59%. B. 33,33%. C. 66,67%. D. 25,00%.
a
Cu 4: Nung 8,42g hn hp X gm Al, Mg, Fe trong oxi sau mt thi gian thu
c 11,62g hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c
kh
1,344 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol HNO 3 phn ng l:

Cu 5. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe 2 O 3 nung nng. Sau
duy nht ktc). Tnh m?
A.12 B. 8 C. 20 D. 24
323
Cu 6: Cho m gam hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe 3 O 4 c s mol 3 cht u bng

nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO 2 v
0,05 mol NO. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 36,48 B. 18,24 C. 46,08 D. 37,44
Cu 7: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3
long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam
kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 97,5 B. 137,1. C. 108,9. D. 151,5
Cu 8: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu, Cu 2 S, CuS, Fe, FeS, S tc dng ht vi
HNO 3 c nng, d thu c V lt kh NO 2 (cht kh duy nht thot ra, sn phm
n
kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d thu
.v
c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 d th thu c
10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
om
A. 16,80. B. 24,64. C. 38,08. D. 11,20.
X gm st v cc oxit ca n. ha tan ht X cn 200 ml dung dch HNO 3 xM,
.c
thy sinh ra 0,448 lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Vy
gi tr ca x l:
ok
A. 1,3. B. 1,2. C. 1,1. D. 1,5.
Cu 10: Ho tan hon ton 13,2 gam qung sunfua (FeS) ca st vo dung dch
bo
HNO 3 c, nng thu c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm SO 2 v NO 2 trong

c 25,76 lt NO 2 ( ktc). Cho lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo X th thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 16,05. B. 27,7. C. 20,71. D. 25,37.

vi
Cu 11: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 v Fe 3 O 4 bng 1 lt dung dch

HNO 3 xM, va thu c 14,336 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO 2 c t khi so
ng
vi hiro bng 18 v dung dch X ch cha 82,08 gam mui. Gi tr ca x l:

A. 1,4M B. 2 M C. 1,36 M D. 1,2 M
Cu 12: Ho tan hon ton 3,12 gam qung ca st cha lu hunh vo dung dch
a
HNO 3 c, nng thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt NO 2 duy nht ( ktc). Cho
kh
lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo X th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 14,898. B. 18,498. C. 11,216. D. 12,116.
Cu 13: Nung m gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu (trong Fe chim 36,84% v
khi lng) trong oxi thu c 36,8 gam hn hp cht rn Y. Ho tan hon ton Y
trong V ml dung dch HNO 3 2M ly d 25% so vi lng phn ng thu c 0,2
mol hn hp NO, NO 2 c t khi so vi H 2 bng 19 (bit NO v NO 2 l sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:
A. 30,4 v 875 B. 30,4 v 375
C. 29,5 v 875 D. 29,5 v 375
324
Cu 14. Trong bnh kn dung tch 10,6 lt cha kh CO v mt lng hn hp A

gm Fe 3 O 4 v FeCO 3 28,60C p sut trong bnh l 1,4 atm (th tch cht rn coi
nh khng ng k). Nung nng bnh nhit cao cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Hn hp sau phn ng c t khi so vi H 2 l 20,5. Ha tan hon ton hn
hp A trong dung dch HNO 3 long, thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh gm NO v
CO 2 00C v 1,5 atm. Th tch dung dch HCl 0,5 M ha tan ht hn hp A gn
nht vi :
A.1,5 lt B.2 lt C. 2,5 lt D. 3 lt
Cu 15: Cho 30,1 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch
HNO 3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 1,68 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5, ktc), dung dch Y v cn
n
d 0,7 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, khi lng mui khan thu c l
.v
A. 75,75 gam. B. 54,45 gam.
C. 89,7 gam. D. 68,55 gam.
om
Cu 16: t 4,2 gam st trong khng kh thu c 5,32 gam hn hp X gm st v
cc oxit st. Ha tan ht X bng 200 ml dung dch HNO 3 a mol/l sinh ra 0,448 lt
NO ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca a l
.c
A. 1,2. B. 1,1. C. 1,5. D. 1,3.
ok
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm C v S. Ha tan hon ton m gam X trong dung dich
HNO 3 c, nng, thu c 0,8 mol hn hp kh gm NO 2 v CO 2 c t khi so
vi H 2 bng 22,875 (khng c kh no khc). Khi lng ca S trong m gam X
bo
l:
et
Cu 18. Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 v Fe 3 O 4 bng 100g dung dch

HNO 3 a% va thu c 15,344 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO 2 c khi lng
vi
31,35g v dung dch ch cha 30,15 gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca a l

A. 46,24 B. 43,115 C. 57,33 D. 63
ng
Cu 19: Cho 31,2 gam hn hp X gm FeS 2 v CuS tc dng hon ton vi HNO 3
thu c 3,05 mol hn hp kh NO 2 v SO 2 v dung dch Y (ch cha hai
a
mui).C cn Y thu c Phong gam cht rn khan.Gi tr ca Phong c th gn

kh
nht vi :
A.73. B.51. C.60. D.55.
Cu 20: Cho dng kh CO i qua ng s cha hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 3 O 4 v
Fe 2 O 3 t nng, phn ng to ra kh CO 2 v hn hp cht rn cn li trong ng
nng 14,352 gam gm 4 cht. Ha tan ht hn hp 4 cht ny vo mt lng dung
dch HNO 3 thu c 1,8368 lt kh NO (ktc), sn phm kh duy nht v dung
dch c cha 47,1 gam mui khan. S mol HNO 3 phn ng c gi tr gn nht vi
:
A.0,65 B.0,75 C.0,55 D.0,70
325
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: Chn p n A
Bi ny ta p dng BTE cho c qu trnh cc bn nh!
n = a mol BTE 3a 2b =0, 6
27, 2g Fe =3a 2b + 0,15.2 + 0,1.3
n O b mol = 56a + 16b 27, 2
= a 0, 4 mol = m 22, 4g

b = 0,3 mol
n
.v
= n H+
n HCl BTNT hidro
n HCl
= 0,15.2 + 2b
= 0, 9 =
a 3M
Cu 2: Chn p n A
om
n=
FeS 2 0,1mol
BTE

= n e 1,5 =
n NO 0,5 mol

BTNT.Nito
n trong
NO
= 0,8 0,5
dd X
= 0,3 mol
3
Fe3+ : 0,1mol
.c
2
ok
SO 4 : 0, 2 mol BTDT

BTNT
X :
0,1.3=
+ a 0, 2.2 + 0,3 =
a 0, 4 mol
NO3 : 0,3 mol
bo
H + : a mol

Fe + 1e Fe
3+ 2+
et
Khi cho Cu vo ta c: +
4H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
vi

= n e 0, 4 mol
BTE
=
n Cu 0, 2 =
m Cu 12,8g
ng
Cu 3: Chn p n B
a + b =0,15
NO2 : a mol n NO2 = a= 0,1mol
C ngay: 0,15 mol 61
a
NO : b mol 46a + 30b = 0,15.2. n NO= b= 0, 05 mol

3
kh
Do s mol MgS v CuS nhng l nh nhau nn ta c th quy X gm:

(MgS, CuS) : x mol
0, 03
FeS : y mol
= x + y 0, 03= x 0, 02 mol
BTE
%FeS= 33,33%
8x + 9y = 0,1 + 0, 05.3 y = 0, 01mol
Cu 4: Chn p n B
326
nNO = 0, 06 mol

=
11, 62 8, 42 n = n

NO3
=0, 2.2 + 0, 06.3 =0,58 mol
nO =
e
0, 2 mol
16
n N =naxit =0, 64 mol
Cu 5. Chn p n A
nFe = a mol 56a=
+ 16b 10, 44=a 0,15 mol 0,15
10, 44 =
m =.160 12 g
nO = b mol 3a =2b + 0,195 b =
0,1275 mol 2
Cu 6: Chn p n C
a + a = 0,09 + 0,05.3 = 0,24 a = 0,12
n
Ch : Bi ton khng cht ch v cho % O khng thc t
.v
Cu 7: Chn p n D
64a + 232
= b 58,8 = a 0,375 mol
om
= 61, 2 2, 4 58,8
2a =2b + 0, 45 b =
0,15 mol
Fe( NO3 ) 2 : 0, 45
Y .c
Cu ( NO3 ) 2 : 0,375
ok
Cu 8: Chn p n C
S : 0, 2 mol
46, 6 nBaSO4 == nS 0, 2 mol
bo
18, 4 g Fe : 0,1 mol

10, 7 =
n Fe n =
Fe ( OH )3 0,1 mol Cu : 0,1 mol

n=
et
e nNO2= 1, 7 mol V= 38, 08 lit

Cu 9: Chn p n C
vi
Fe : 0, 075
Fe 2 + : a BTNT + BTE =a + b 0, 075
= a 0, 025 mol
ng
O : 0, 07 3 +
NO : 0, 02 Fe : b 2a=+ 3b 0, 2 =b 0, 05 mol

a
n = 0, 22 mol C
kh
Cu 10: Chn p n B
NO2 :1,15 mol BTE
= nFeS 0,15 mol =1,15 0,15.3 + 4a + (0,15 a ).6
SO2 : a mol
BaSO4 : 0, 05 mol
a = 0,1
Fe ( OH )3 : 0,15 mol
Cu 11: Chn p n C
327
n : a + 3b
= Fe3+
FeS2
n a mol nNO : 0, 4 mol
Ta c:
BTNT
X nSO2 : 2a v
Fe3O4
n = b mol
4
nNO2 : 0, 24 mol
nNO3 : c
BTE
15
= a + b 0, 4.3 + 0,
= 24.1 1, 44
BTDT
BTKL
56(a + 3b) + 2a.96 + 62c = 82,08
a= b= 0, 09 mol BTNT . Nito
N= c + 0, 4 + 0, 24= 1,36 x= 1,36
n
c = 0, 72 mol
.v
Cu 12: Chn p n A
Fe(OH )3 : 0, 026 mol
om
0,39
nNO2 = 0,39 mol .( FeS2 )= 3,12 m= 14,898 g
15 BaSO4 : 0, 052 mol
Cu 13: Chn p n A
Vi phng chm: Dng mi th on ta nhn thy m c 2 gi tr 29,5 v 30,4
nn th ngay
.c
ok
NO : 0,1 mol
= 29,5 g n=
TH1 : m O 0, 45625; Kh l nn ta th TH 2 ngay
NO2 : 0,1 mol
bo
NO : 0,1 mol 56a + 64b = 30, 4

TH 2 : m= 30, 4 nO = 0, 4;
NO2 : 0,1 mol 3a + 2b = 0,3 + 0,1 + 0,8
et
a = 0, 2 mol
% Fe =
36,84%
vi
b = 0,3 mol
n =0, 2 + 0, 2.3 + 0,3.2 =
1, 4 mol n =
1, 4 + 0, 25.1, 4 =
ng
N pu HNO 3 1, 75 mol
Cu 14. Chn p n B
a
Fe3O 4 : a
t s mol cc cht trong A :
CO
CO 2 : 4a + 2b
kh
FeCO 3 : b
p.V 1, 4.10,6
n= = = 0,6
R.T 0,082. ( 273 + 28,6 )
CO
Ta c :
CO : 0,6 + b 4a 2b

BTNT.C
( 0,6 + b )
CO 2 : 4a + 2b
44. ( 4a + 2b ) + 28 ( 0,6 4a =
b ) 41.(0,6 + b) 64a + 19b
= 7,8
CO : b
Ta li c : n=
NO + CO 2 0,06
BTNT
2
NO : 0,06 b
328
a = 0,117

BTE
=
a + b 3(0,06 b) =
a + 4b 0,18
b = 0,016
Fe3O 4 : 0,117 H : 0,936
O:0,468 +
Vy ta c : +
n HCl =
0,968
FeCO3 : 0,016 H : 0,032
0,968
VHCl = = 1,936(lt) Chn B
0,5
Cu 15: Chn p n A
Cu : a mol
V c kim loi d nn: 30,1 0, 7 =
29, 4g
Fe3O 4 : b mol
n
.v
Cu 2+ : a mol

HNO3 /BTNT
2+
Fe : 3b mol
om
= 64a + 232b =
BTKL
29, 4 a 0,1875 mol
BTE m=
75, 75
= 2a 2b + 0, 075.3 b = 0, 075 mol
.c
Cu 16: Chn p n B
ok
Ch : S mol NO3 trong mui bng s mol e nhng.Vi bi ton ny ta BTE
cho c qu trnh nn s mol e nhng s tnh qua O v NO
bo
5,32 4, 2
= n O = 0, 07 mol
16 n e= n NO= 0, 07.2 + 0, 02.3= 0, 2 mol
n NO = 0, 02 mol
3

et
0,22

BTNT.nito
n HNO= 0,2 + 0,02
= 0,22 =
a = 1,1
vi
3
0,2
Cu 17: Chn p n A
ng
a + b = 0,8
NO2 : a mol a = 0, 7 mol
0,8 mol 46a + 44b
a
CO2 : b mol 0,8 = 22,875.2 b = 0,1mol

kh
C : 0,1mol
Vy m gam X c
BTE
0,1.4 + 6x= 0, 7
S : x
=x 0,05 m= S 1,6 g
Cu 18. Chn p n C
=
NO : a mol a + b 0,685
= a 0, 01mol
Ta c ngay:
NO2 : b mol =
30a + 46b 31,35 =b 0,675 mol
329
FeS 2 : x mol FeS 2 15e

BTE
=
15x + y 0, 01.3 + 0, 675
Fe3O 4 : y mol Fe3O 4 1e
Fe3+ : x + 3y
FeS 2 : x mol
BTNT
30,15 gam SO24 : 2x
Fe3O 4 : y mol BTDT
NO3 : 9y x
BTKL
56(x + 3y) + 96.2x + (9y x).62 = 30,15
186x + 726y
= 30,15 =x 0, 045 mol

=15x + y 0, 705
= y 0, 03 mol
n

BTNT.Nito
n HNO
= =
N 9.0,03 0,045 + 0,01 + 0,675
= 0,91
.v
3
a = 57,33%
Cu 19: Chn p n B
om
FeS2 : a(mol)
Gi s ta c 31, 2
CuS : b(mol) .c
Fe ( NO3 )3 : a
TH 1 : Ta c hai mui l
BTNT.S
n= 3,05 2a b
Cu ( NO3 ) 2 : b
NO
ok
2
= 120a + 96b = a 0,1823(mol)

BTKL
31, 2
BTE
bo
11a= + 6b 3,05 2a b b = 0,097(mol)

Phong = 62,3526(gam)
et
TH 2 : Ta c hai mui l :
Fe 2 ( SO 4 )3 : 0,5a n=S+6
1,5a + b
BTNT.S
vi

CuSO 4 : b n S= +4 2a + b 1,5a = = n SO2
b 0,5a
ng

BTKL
120a + 96b = 31, 2
Ta c : BTE
3a + 2b + 6 (1,5a + b ) + 4.0,5a
= 3,05 0,5a
a
120a
= + 96b =31, 2 a 0,1(mol)
BTKL
BTE Phong =
kh
52(gam)
14,5a + 8b= 3,05 b = 0, 2(mol)
Cu 20: Chn p n A
Fe : a(mol) BTKL
Chia tr ta c : 14,352 56a + 16b = 14,352 .
O : b(mol)
Ch mui gm 2 mui.
a = 0, 21(mol)

BTKL
= 47,1 (0,082.3.62
56a + 2.b.62)
Fe
b = 0,162(mol)

NO3
330
= n HNO3 0,082.3 + 2.0,162

= 0,652 Chn A
+ 0,082
BTNT.N

NO3 NO
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
Cu 1: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm FeS 2 v Fe 3 O 4 bng 1 lt dung dch HNO 3
aM, va thu c 14,336 lt hn hp kh gm NO v NO 2 c t khi so vi
hiro bng 18 v dung dch ch cha 82,08 gam mui. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1,4M B. 2 M C. 1,36 M D. 1,2 M
n
.v
A. 12,8. B. 6,4. C. 9,6. D. 3,2.
Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 3,12 gam qung ca st cha lu hunh vo dung dch
om
HNO 3 c, nng thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt NO 2 duy nht ( ktc). Cho
lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo X th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 14,898. B. 18,498. C. 11,216. D. 12,116.
.c
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 13,2 gam qung sunfua (FeS) ca st vo dung dch
HNO 3 c, nng thu c dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm SO 2 v NO 2 trong
ok
c 25,76 lt NO 2 ( ktc). Cho lng d dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo X th thu c
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,05. B. 27,7. C. 20,71. D. 25,37.
bo
Cu 5: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Mg,Al,Fe tc dng hon ton vi dung dch

HNO 3 d thu c dung dch Y cha m + 109,4 gam mui v V lt (ktc) hn hp
kh X c tng khi lng 11,2 gam.Bit rng khi cho NaOH d vo Y un nng
et
nh thy c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) thot ra.Gi tr ln nht ca V c th l :

A. Khng xc nh c B. 8,4
vi
C. 6,72 D. p n khc
Cu 6: Cho a mol Fe vo dung dch cha b mol HNO 3 long thu c dung dch X
ng
v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). iu kin dung dch X ha tan c Cu

l:
C. 3b 8a. D. b 4a.
a
A. b > 4a. B. 3b > 8a.

kh
X gm st v cc oxit ca n. ha tan ht X cn 200 ml dung dch HNO 3 xM,

thy sinh ra 0,448 lt kh NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Vy
gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,3. B. 1,2. C. 1,1. D. 1,5.
Cu 8: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu, Cu 2 S, CuS, Fe, FeS, S tc dng ht vi
HNO 3 c nng, d thu c V lt kh NO 2 (cht kh duy nht thot ra, sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 d thu
c 46,6 gam kt ta, cn khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NH 3 d th thu c
10,7 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 16,80. B. 24,64. C. 38,08. D. 11,20.
331
Cu 9: Ho tan 6,0 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn trong dung dch HNO 3 va

, sau phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,02 mol NO
v 0,02 mol N 2 O. Lm bay hi dung dch Y thu c 25,4 gam mui khan. S mol
A. 0,08 mol B. 0,06 mol C. 0.09 mol D. 0,07 mol
Cu 10: Nung 8,42g hn hp X gm Al, Mg, Fe trong oxi sau mt thi gian thu
c 11,62g hn hp Y. Ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch HNO 3 d thu c
1,344 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. S mol HNO 3 phn ng l:
Cu 11: Nung m gam hn hp A gm Fe v Cu (trong Fe chim 36,84% v
khi lng) trong oxi thu c 36,8 gam hn hp cht rn Y. Ho tan hon ton Y
trong V ml dung dch HNO 3 2M ly d 25% so vi lng phn ng thu c 0,2
n
mol hn hp NO, NO 2 c t khi so vi H 2 bng 19 (bit NO v NO 2 l sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:
.v
A. 30,4 v 875 B. 30,4 v 37
om
C. 29,5 v 875 D. 29,5 v 375
Cu 12. Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dd HNO 3 thy c 0,3 mol kh NO 2 sn
NO duy nht bay ra. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng l:
.c
A. 24,27 g B. 26,92 g C. 19,5 g D. 29,64 g
Cu 13 Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe 2 O 3 nung nng. Sau
ok
bo
duy nht ktc). Tnh m?

A. 12 B. 8 C. 20 D. 24
Bi 14: Cho 67 gam hn hp X gm Fe 3 O 4 v kim loi A vo dung dch HNO 3
et
n khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,24 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca

nit ( ktc), dung dch Y v 13 gam kim loi A. Cho NH 3 d vo dung dch Y
vi
thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 36

gam cht rn. Kim loi A l:
ng
A. Ag B. Zn C. Ni D. Cu
Bi 15 Ha tan m(g) hn hp A gm FeO v Fe 2 O 3 bng dung dch HNO 3 thu
c 0,01 mol NO. Nung m(g) hn hp A vi a mol CO c b(g) cht rn B ri
a
ha tan trong HNO 3 th thu c 0,034 mol NO. Gi tr ca a l:

kh
A. 0,024 B. 0,036 C. 0,03 D. 0,04

Cu 16: Ho m gam hn hp Fe, Cu ( Fe Chim 40%) vo 380 ml dung dch
HNO 3 1M. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 0,7m gam cht rn v 1,12 lt
hn hp gm NO, N 2 O ( ktc)(l hai sn phm kh duy nht) . Khi lng mui
khan thu c khi c cn Y l:
Cu 17: Cho m gam hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe 3 O 4 c s mol 3 cht u bng
nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO 2 v
0,05 mol NO. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 36,48 B. 18,24 C. 46,08 D. 37,44
332
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm Fe, Cu c khi lng 6 gam. T l khi lng gia Fe v

Cu l 7 : 8. Cho lng X ni trn vo mt lng dd HNO 3 , khuy u cho phn
ng xy ra hon ton th thu c mt phn cht rn Y nng 4,32 gam, dd mui st
v NO. Khi lng mui Fe to thnh trong dd l:
Cu 19: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch
HNO3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4
gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 97,5 B. 137,1. C. 108,9. D. 151,5
Cu 20. Dung dch A cha a mol HCl v b mol HNO3 cho A tc dng vi 1 lng
va m gam Al thu c dung dch B v 7,84 lit hn hp kh C (dktc) gm NO,
n
N2O va H2 c t khi so vi khi H2 l 8,5.Trn C vi mt lng O2 va v
.v
un nng cho ti khi pu xy ra hon ton ri dn kh thu c qua qua dd NaOH
d thy cn li 0,56 l kh (dktc) thot ra . Gi tri ca a v b ln lt l:
om
A. 0,1 v 2 B. 0,2 v 1 C.1 v 0,2 D. 2 v 0,1
P N CHI TIT .c
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
ok
Cu 1: Chn p n C
n = a + 3b
= Fe3+
FeS2 n NO = 0, 4 mol
bo
n a mol
Ta c: X n SO2 = 2a
BTNT
v
n Fe3 O4 = b mol n NO2 = 0, 24 mol
4
NO3 = c
n
et
BTE
15
= a + b 0, 4.3 + 0,
= 24.1 1, 44
vi
BTDT
BTKL
ng
56(a + 3b) + 2a.96 + 62c = 82,08

a= b= 0, 09 mol BTNT.Nito

n N = c + 0, 4 + 0, 24= 1,36 x= 1,36
a
c = 0, 72 mol
kh
Cu 2: Chn p n A
n : 0,1mol
Fe3+

0,1FeS2 0,5NO n SO2 : 0, 2 mol

4
NO3 : 0,8 0,5 =

n 0,3mol
n Fe3+ =0,1 n Cu: =0, 05

=
BTDT
n H+ 0, 4 mol n H+ = 0, 4 mol
n Cu =
0,15
=
n Cu 0, 2 mol
n NO3 = 0,3mol
333
Cu 3: Chn p n A
0,39 Fe(OH)3 : 0, 026 mol
n NO2 = 0,39 mol .(FeS2 )= 3,12 m= 14,898g
15 BaSO 4 : 0, 052 mol
Cu 4: Chn p n B
n NO2 = 1,15 mol BTE
=
n FeS 0,15 mol =1,15 0,15.3 + 4a + (0,15 a).6
= a 0,1
n SO2 = a mol
BaSO 4 : 0, 05 mol

Fe ( OH )3 : 0,15 mol
n
Cu 5: Chn p n B
.v
Ta c : n NH3= 0,05(mol) n NH4 NO3= 0,05(mol)
Mg, Al, Fe : m gam
om

(m + 109, 4) NH 4 NO3 : 0,05 mol

NO3 :1,7 n e = 1,7(mol) .c
N : a
= 14a + 16b = a 0, 4(mol)
BTKL
11, 2
Trong X BTE
ok
O : b 5a + 0,05.8 2b= 1,7 b = 0,35(mol)
NO : 0,35(mol)
V ln nht khi X l : V= =
bo
Max 0,375.22, 4 8, 4(lt)

N 2 : 0,025(mol)
Cu ny c hai im gy kh khn cho hc sinh.
et
Th nht: Vi hn hp X s nhiu hc sinh hoang mang khng bit X gm

nhng g?Cc em ch vi bi ton ny ta khng cn quan tm ti kh l g. iu
vi
quan trng l phi vn dng cc nh lut bo ton m ra xem trong X c bao

nhiu N v O? Mnh gii bng BTE cc bn hon ton c th dng BTNT. O kt
ng
hp vi N cng ra tuy nhin s di hn.

Th hai: Ch V ln nht s lm nhiu bn lng tng v khng bit bin lun
kiu g?
a
V O khng th tn ti ring nn V ln nht khi 1O kt hp vi 1 N to NO nh

kh
vy s lm s mol kh to ra s nhiu nht. Cc bn cng cn ch l X hon ton

c th cha 4 kh l NO, NO 2 ,N 2 O v N 2 .
Cu 6: Chn p n B
2a
iu kin cn v l c Fe3+: b= N > 2a + 3
3b > 8a
Cu 7: Chn p n C
n Fe = 0, 075 mol
n Fe2+ = a BTNT + BTE =
a + b 0, 075
= a 0, 025 mol
= n O 0, 07 mol
n = 0, 02 mol =
n Fe3+ b 2a=+ 3b 0, 2 =b 0, 05 mol
NO
334
N : 0, 22 C
Cu 8: Chn p n C
n S = 0, 2
46, 6 n BaSO4 ==n S 0, 2
18, 4g n Fe = 0,1 n = n NO2 = 1, 7 mol V = C
10, 7 n= =
e
n Fe(OH) 0,1
n Cu: = 0,1
Fe 3
Cu 9: Chn p n D
NH 4+ : a 25,4 =
6 + (0,02.3 + 0,02.8)62 + 8a.62 + a(18 + 62)
n
a 0,01 N b kh : 0,02 + 0,02.2 + 0,01
= = 0,07
.v
Cu 10: Chn p n B
om
n NO = 0, 06 mol

=
11, 62 8, 42 n = n

NO3
=0, 2.2 + 0, 06.3 =0,58 mol
n O =
e
0, 2 mol
16 .c
N =n axit =0, 64 mol
ok
Cu 11: Chn p n A
Vi phng chm: Dng mi th on ta nhn thy m c 2 gi tr 29,5 v 30,4
bo
nn th ngay
NO : 0,1mol
TH1 : m = 29,5 n O = 0, 45625; Kh l nn ta th TH 2 ngay
NO 2 : 0,1mol
et
n NO = 0,1mol 56a + 64b = 30, 4

TH 2 : m = 30, 4 n O = 0, 4
vi
n NO2 = 0,1mol 3a + 2b = 0,3 + 0,1 + 0,8

ng
a = 0, 2 mol
%Fe =
36,84%
b = 0,3mol
a
n N pu =0, 2 + 0, 2.3 + 0,3.2 =

1, 4 n HNO3 =
1, 4 + 0, 25.1, 4 =
1, 75 mol
kh
Cu 12. Chn p n B
ne+ =0,3 + 0, 06 =0,36 nFe3+ =0,12 mol
C ngay:
nCl = 0, 08 nNO3 = 0,36 0, 08 = 0, 28 mol
=m (= 3+
Fe ; Cl ; NO )
3 26,92 g
Cu 13. Chn p n A
nFe = a mol 56a=
+ 16b 10, 44=a 0,15 mol 0,15
10, 44 =
m =.160 12
O
n = b mol 3a =2b + 0,195 b =
0,1275 mol 2
Bi 14: Chn p n D
335
nFe O = 0,225 mol nFe O = 0,15 mol mA = 32,2 mApu = 19,2

2 3 3 4
nA = 0,3 + 0,15.2 =
0,6 mol A la Cu
+
Bi 15. Chn p n B
0, 024.3
n= 0, 034 0, 01= 0, 024 nO= = nCO= 0, 036 mol
2
Cu 16: Chn p n D
4 HNO3 + 3e 3 NO3 + NO + 2 H 2O
n
10 HNO3 + 8e 8 NO3 + N 2O + 5 H 2O
.v
0, 02.3 + 0, 03.8
c=
ngay mFe ( NO3 )2 = 27 g
2
om
Cu 17: Chn p n C
a + a= 0,09 + 0,05.3= 0, 24 a= 0,12 C
Ch : Bi ton khng cht ch v cho % O khng thc t
.c
Cu 18: Chn p n B
nCu = 0, 05 mol Cu
ok
6g 4,32 nFe=
2+ 0, 03 mol B
nFe = 0, 05 mol nFe = 0, 02 mol
Cu 19 : Chn p n D
bo
64a + 232 = b 58,8 = a 0,375 mol

= 61, 2 2, 4 58,8
2a = 2b + 0, 45 b =
et
0,15 mol
Fe( NO3 ) 2 : 0, 45 mol
Y
vi
Cu ( NO3 ) 2 : 0,375 mol

Cu 20. Chn p n C
ng
x + y + z = 0,35
x = 0,15 mol
30 x + 44y + 2z
= 5,95 C
a
y = 0.025 z = 0,175 mol

kh
CON NG T DUY S 13
BI TON V PHN BN HA HC
Con ng t duy :
dinh dng ca phn m nh gi qua hm lng %N
dinh dng ca phn ln nh gi qua hm lng %P 2 O 5
dinh dng ca phn Kali nh gi qua hm lng % K 2 O
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Mt loi phn ln c thnh phn chnh Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 .2CaSO 4 v 10,00% tp
cht khng cha photpho. Hm lng dinh dng trong loi phn ln l:
336
A. 36,42%. B. 28,40%. C. 25,26%. D. 31,00%.

dinh dng ca phn ln c nh gi qua hm lng P 2 O 5 .
Gi s c 100 gam phn ln. Ta c ngay:
Ca ( H 2 PO 4 ) .2CaSO 4 : 90 gam
= n 0,1779 =
n P 0,3558mol
100 gam 2
ta p cha t :10 gam

n P O= 0,1779 mol %P2 O= 5
25,26% C
2 5
Cu 2: Cho m gam mt loi qung photphorit (cha 7% l tp cht tr khng cha

photpho) tc dng va vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c sn xut supephotphat n.
dinh dng ca supephotphat n thu c khi lm khan hn hp sau phn
ng l:
n
A. 53,62%. B. 34,20%. C. 42,60%. D. 26,83%.
.v
Cho m = 100.
Ca3 ( PO4 )2 : 93g
om
Ta c ngay: nCa ( PO ) = 0,3 mol nP O= 0,3 mol
chat tr :7g 3 4 2 2 5
Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 2H 2 PO 4 Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + 2 CaSO 4

.c
mP 2O 5
dinh dng = = 26,33% Chn D
100 + 0,6.98
ok
Cu 3: Mt loi phn amophot ch cha hai mui c s mol bng nhau. T 1,96
tn axit photphoric sn xut c ti a bao nhiu tn phn bn loi ny?
bo
A. 2,81 tn. B. 2,64 tn. C. 2,30 tn. D. 2,47 tn.

NH 4 H 2 PO 4 : a
Amophot :
BTNT.phot pho
n P = 2a
et
( NH )
4 2 HPO 4 : a

n H3PO= 0, 02 mol 2a = 0, 02 = a 0, 01mol
vi
= m 0,01(115 + 132) = 24,7

ng
Cu 4: Mt loi phn m ure c dinh dng l 46,00%. Gi s tp cht trong

phn ch yu l (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 . Phn trm v khi lng ca ure trong phn m ny
a
l:
A. 92,29%. B. 96,19%. C. 98,57%. D. 97,58%.
kh
Gi s c 100 gam Ure (NH 2 ) 2 CO

( NH 2 )2 CO : a mol 60a + 96b
= 100 = a 1, 61538 mol
100 ; mN = 46
( NH 4 )2 CO3 : b mol 14.2(a=+ b) 46 = b 0, 032 mol
%Ure = 96,19%
Cu 5: Phn supephotphat kp thc t sn xut c thng ch c 40% P 2 O 5 . Vy
% khi lng Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 trong phn bn l:
A. 78,56%. B. 56,94%. C. 65,92%. D. 75,83%.
Gi s c 100 gam phn:
337
40
m P2O= 40 n P2O= = 0, 2817 mol
BTNT.P
n Ca( H2PO4 )= 0, 2817 mol
5 5
142 2
m=
65,92 (gam)
Cu 6: Mt loi phn supephotphat kp c cha 69,62% mui canxi

ihirophotphat, cn li gm cc cht khng cha photpho. dinh dng ca
loi phn ln ny l:
A. 48,52%. B. 42,25%. C. 39,76%. D. 45,75%.
Gi s c 100 gam phn :
m P2 O5 =
42,25
n
Cu 7. Qu trnh tng hp supephotphat kp din ra theo s sau:
+ Ca ( PO )
Ca3 ( PO4 )2 Ca ( H 2 PO4 )2
.v
+ H 2 SO4
H 3 PO4
3 4 2
Tnh khi lng dung dch H 2 SO 4 70% dng iu ch c 351 kg
om
Ca ( H 2 PO4 )2 theo s bin ha trn . Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh l 70%.
A. 800 kg B. 600 kg C. 500 kg D. 420 kg
tng bo ton nguyn t Hiro trong axit: .c
nCa ( H 2 PO4 )=
3 1,5
BTNT
H= 6
BTNT
nH 2 SO=
4 3
ok
3.98 1
mdd
H 2 SO4
= . = 600
0,7 0.7
bo
Cu 8: Mt loi phn kali c thnh phn chnh l KCl (cn li l cc tp cht

khng cha kali) c sn xut t qung xinvinit c dinh dng 55%. Phn
trm khi lng ca KCl trong loi phn kali l
et
A. 95,51%. B. 87,18%. C. 65,75%. D. 88,52%.

m= 55
BTNT.K
=n K n= 1,1702 m= 87,18
vi
K2O KCl KCl
Cu 9. Mt loi phn ure cha 95% (NH 2 ) 2 CO, cn li l (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 . dinh

ng
dng ca loi phn ny l

A. 46,00%. B. 43,56%. C. 44,33%. D. 45,79%.
Gi s c 100 gam phn ure
a
( NH 2 )2 CO : 95 gam n ( NH2 )2 CO = 1,5833 mol

kh

( NH 4 )2 CO3 : 5 gam
n = 0, 0521mol
( NH4 )2 CO3
(1,5833 + 0,0521).2.14
= %N = 45,79%
100
Cu 10: Mt loi phn ur c 10% tp cht tr khng cha N. dinh dng ca
phn ny l:
A. 46,67% B. 42% C. 21% D. 23,335%
Ta c cng thc ca ure l :
0,9.28
NH 2 CONH 2 =
90%
%N = 42%
60
338
Cu 11: Cho m gam mt loi qung photphorit (cha 7% l tp cht tr khng

cha phot pho) tc dng va vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 c sn xut
supephotphat n. dinh dng ca supephotphat n thu c khi lm khan
hn hp sau phn ng l:
A. 53,63% B. 34,2% C. 42,6% D. 26,83%
Cho m = 100.
Ca3 ( PO4 ) 2 : 93
Ta c: nCa3 ( PO4 ) =0,3 nP2 O5 =0,3
cht tro :7 2
Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 2H 2 PO 4 Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + 2 CaSO 4

mP 2O 5
dinh dng = = 26,83%
n
100 + 0,6.98
.v
CON NG T DUY S 14
BI TON V H 3 PO 4
om
Vi bi ton ny nhiu sch gii hay lp t l nhng mnh s gii theo kiu
nng dn thi.Chng ta s lm nh sau:
H 3 PO 4 .c
u tin tnh s mol
Nu cho P 2 O 5 vo H 2 O th dng BTNT.P
OH
ok
Sau xem OH cp c my H trong H 3 PO 4
bo
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Cho 200 ml dung dch H 3 PO 4 1M vo 500 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Mui
et
to thnh v khi lng tng ng khi kt thc cc phn ng (b qua s thy phn
ca cc mui) l:
vi
A. K 2 HPO 4 17,4 gam; K 3 PO 4 21,2 gam.

ng
B. KH 2 PO 4 13,6 gam; K 2 HPO 4 17,4 gam.

C. KH 2 PO 4 20,4 gam; K 2 HPO 4 8,7 gam.
D. KH 2 PO 4 26,1 gam; K 3 PO 4 10,6 gam.
a
n KOH= 0,5mol n OH= 0,5mol

kh
Ta c:
n H3PO4= 0, 2 mol n H+ = 0,6 mol
Max
=
n du
H+
= n HPO2
0,1mol BTNT.photpho
=
n PO3 0,1mol Chn A
4 4
Cu 2:Cho x gam P 2 O 5 tc dng ht vi 338ml dung dch NaOH 4M.C cn dung

dch sau phn ng thu c 3x gam cht rn.Gi tr ca x l:
A. 11,36 B. 12,78 C. 22,72 D. 14,2
x 2 x
Ta =
c: nP2O5 mol
BTNT . P

= nH 3 PO 4 mol
142 142
BTKL
x + m NaOH
= 3x + m H2O
339
x 3
x + 1,352.40 = 3x + . .18 x = 22,72
71 2
Cu 3: Ly V ml dung dch H 3 PO 4 35%(d=1,25 g/ml)em trn vi 100 ml dung
dch KOH 2 M thu c dung dich X c cha 14,95 gam hn hp hai mui K 3 PO 4
v K 2 HPO 4 . Gi tr ca V l:
A. 26,25 ml B. 21ml C. 7,35ml D. 16,8ml
K PO : a mol 212a + 174b = 14, 95 a = 0, 05 mol
14, 95 3 4 BTNT.Kali
K 2 HPO 4 : b mol 3a + 2b = 0, 2 b = 0, 025 mol
m dd

BTNT.phot.pho
=
n P n=axit 0, 075 =V = 16,8(ml)
D
n
Cu 4: Cho m gam P 2 O 5 vo 1 lt dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,2M v KOH 0,3M
.v
n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X. C cn cn thn X thu c 35,4
om
gam hn hp mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
n OH = 0, 2 + 0,3 = 0,5 n H2O = 0,5 mol
BTKL .c
m H3PO4 + 0, 2.40 + 0,3.56
= 35, 4 + 0,5.18
ok
m
.2.98 + 24,8= 44, 4 m= 14, 2g
142
Cu 5: Cho 7,1 gam P 2 O 5 vo 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M thu c dung dch
bo
X. C cn dung dch X c hn hp gm cc cht l:

A. KH 2 PO 4 v K 2 HPO 4 . B. KH 2 PO 4 v H 3 PO 4 .
et
C. KH 2 PO 4 v K 3 PO 4 . D. K 3 PO 4 v K 2 HPO 4 .
n P2O5 0, 05 mol
= BTNT.P
n H3PO4 0,1mol T duy HPO24 : 0, 05 mol
=
vi

n OH = 0,15 mol H 2 PO 4 : 0, 05 mol
ng
Chn A
Cu 6: Cho m gam P 2 O 5 vo 200ml dung dch NaOH 10% (d = 1,2 g/ml) thu c
a
dung dch X ch cha 1 cht tan Y c nng 16,303%. Tm m v cng thc ca

kh
cht tan Y:
A. 22,13 v NaH 2 PO 4 B. 21,3 v Na 3 PO 4
C. 23,1 v NaH 2 PO 4 D. 21,3 v Na 2 HPO 4
Cu ny c th lm mu mc.Tuy nhin vi thi trc nghim ta nn tn dng
p n.
Nhn thy c 3 gi tr m = 21,3 th p n vi m = 21,3 ngay:
21,3
Ta c: =n P2O5 = 0,15 mol BTNT
=
n P 0,3 mol
142
340
200.1, 2.0,1
=
n NaOH = 0, 6 mol Na 2 HPO 4 : 0,3 mol
40
0,3.142
= %Y = 16,3%
21,3 + 200.1,2
Cu 7.Ha tan ht 0,15 mol P 2 O 5 vo 200 gam dung dch H 3 PO 4 9,8%, thu c
dung dch X. Cho X tc dng ht vi 750 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung
dch Y. Khi lng mui trong Y l :
A. 14,2 gam Na 2 HPO 4 ; 41,0 gam Na 3 PO 4 .
B. 30,0 gam NaH 2 PO 4 ; 35,5 gam Na 2 HPO 4 .
C. 45,0 gam NaH 2 PO 4 ; 17,5 gam Na 2 HPO 4 .
n
D. 30,0 gam Na 2 HPO 4 ; 35,5 gam Na 3 PO 4 .

BTNT.P
= n P n= 0,15.2 =
+ 0,2 0,5
.v
H3 PO 4
HPO24 : 0, 25 mol BTDT NaH 2 PO 4 : 0, 25 m = 30g
om
= n OH 0, 75 mol
Na 2 HPO 4 : 0, 25 m =

H 2 PO 4 : 0, 25 mol 35,5g
Cu 8: Cho 14,2 gam P 2 O 5 vo 300 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X cha cc cht tan l:
.c
A. K 2 HPO 4 v K 3 PO 4 . B. K 3 PO 4 v KOH.
ok
C. KH 2 PO 4 v H 3 PO 4 . D. K 2 HPO 4 v KH 2 PO 4 .
Ta c:
n P2O5 0,1mol
=
= n H3PO4 0, 2 mol=
n max
BTNT
bo
H+
0, 6 mol
n du
H+
=
0,15 mol
n KOH = 0, 45 mol
et
Chn A
CON NG T DUY S 15
vi
BI TON V NH 3
ng
Con ng t duy : Dng k thut tng gim th tch

Theo phng trnh : N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3
a
2 phan ung
n = 1 + 3 2 = 2 n = n sinh
NH3 = 2n N 2
ra phan ung
=
nH
3 2
kh
Ch : Hn hp c khi lng khng i trong qu trnh th nghim .
HNG DN P DNG
Bi 1. Mt hn hp N 2 v H 2 c ly vo bnh phn ng c nhit gi khng
i . Sau thi gian phn ng p sut trong bnh gim 5 % so vi lc u . Bit N 2
phn ng 10% so vi ban u . Vy % s mol N 2 v H 2 trong hn hp u l
bao nhiu ?
A. 50% ;50% B. 25% ;75% C. 75% ;25% D. 20% ;80%
341
a + b =1
n
Ta c: = 0,05 = n n= 0,05 0,025 = b 0, 25
b = 0,1
NH 3
n
Bi 2: Hn hp X gm H2 v N2 c MTB = 7,2, sau khi tin hnh phn ng tng

hp NH3, c hn hp Y c MTB = 8. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp l?
A. 25% B. 20% C. 10% D. 15%
ng che o
H : 4 nX MY 8
X 2 =m const = = n Y 4,5
=
N 2 :1 n Y M X 7,2
n= 0,5 n Nphan =
ng
0,25 =
H 25%
n
2
Bi 3. Cho hn hp A gm N 2 v H 2 ( t l mol 1:3), tin hnh phn ng tng hp
.v
NH 3 , sau phn ng thu c hn hp B c t khi d A/B = 0,7. Hiu sut phn ng
l:
om
A. 55% B. 60% C. 80% D. 75%
ng che o
H : 3 nB MA
A 2 m const =
= = 0,7
N 2 :1 nA MB
.c
n B= 4.0,7= 2,8
ok
n=
1,2 n Nphan =
ng
0,6 =
H 60%
2
bo
BI TP RN LUYN
Bi 1: Nung nng 0,5 mol hn hp X gm H 2 , N 2 trong bnh kn c xc tc thch
hp, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y. Cho 1 2 hn hp Y i qua ng ng
et
CuO d, un nng thy khi lng cht rn trong ng gim nhiu nht l 3,2 gam.
vi
T khi hi ca X so vi H 2 l:
A. 7,2. B. 11,4. C. 3,6. D. 3,9.
ng
Bi 2: Cho 1 hn hp kh X gm N 2 v H 2 c np vo 1 bnh kn gi nhit

khng i. Khi phn ng t trng thi cn bng th p sut gim 35,2% p sut
a
ban u. Bit t l s mol ca nit phn ng l 44%. Thnh phn phn trm v
s mol ca N 2 v H 2 trong hn hp u l:
kh
A. 90%; 10% B. 40%; 60% C. 74%; 26% D. 70%; 30%

Bi 3: Cho 1 hn hp kh X gm N 2 v H 2 c np vo 1 bnh kn gi nhit
khng i. Khi phn ng t trng thi cn bng th p sut gim 26,4% p sut
ban u. Bit t l s mol ca hidro phn ng l 49,5%. Thnh phn phn trm
v s mol ca N 2 v H 2 trong hn hp u l:
A. 25%; 75% B. 46%; 54% C. 26%; 74% D. 20%; 80%
Bi 4: Hn hp X gm c H v N c t khi so vi Hiro l 3,6.Sau khi tin
2 2
hnh phn ng tng hp NH thu c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi Hiro l 4.
3
Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp l:
342
A.15% B. 20% C. 25% D. 19%

Bi 5. Cho hn hp A gm N 2 v H 2 ( t l mol 1:3), tin hnh phn ng tng hp
NH 3 , sau phn ng thu c hn hp B c t khi d A/B = 0,7. Hiu sut phn ng
l:
A. 55% B. 60% C. 80% D. 75%
Bi 6. Hn hp A gm 2 kh N 2 v H 2 c t l mol N 2 : H 2 = 1 :4. Nung A vi xc
tc c hn hp kh B trong B c 20% NH 3 theo th tch. Hiu sut phn ng
tng hp NH 3 l :
A. 41,67% B. 62,5% C. 83,34% D.100%
Bi 7. C 100 lt hn hp kh thu c trong qu trnh tng hp amoniac gm
NH 3 , N 2 d, H 2 d. Bt tia la in phn hy ht NH 3 c hn hp c th tch
n
125 lt trong H 2 chim 75% th tch (cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p
sut). Hiu sut tng hp NH 3 ban u l:
.v
A. 40% B. 60% C. 80% D. 20%
Bi 8. Cho 6 mol N 2 v y mol H 2 vo bnh kn dung tch 4 lit. Khi t trng thi
om
cn bng N 2 tham gia phn ng l 25%. a bnh v nhit ban u thy p sut
P 2 = 21/24 P 1 . Tm y v tnh K C.
A.18;0,013 B.15;0,02 C.16;0,013
.c D.18;0,015
Bi 9. Hn hp A gm N2 v H2 c phn t khi trung bnh l 7,2.Nung A vi bt
st phn ng tng hp NH 3 xy ra vi hiu sut 20%,thu c hn hp B.Cho
ok
B tc dng vi CuO d,nung nng c 32,64 gam Cu.Th tch ca hn hp A
ktc l?
bo
A.14,28 B.14,56 C.15,68 D.17,92

Cu 10. Hn hp kh X gm N 2 v H 2 c t khi so vi hidro bng 4,25. un nng
X vi xc tc bt Fe, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi
et
Hidro bng 4,72. Hiu sut ca phn ng tng hp NH 3 l:

A. 20% B. 24% C. 18% D. 25%.
vi
Cu 11. Dn 1,12 lt kh NH 3 (ktc) i qua ng s ng m gam CuO nung nng,

sau phn ng thu c cht rn X. Ha tan cht rn X trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 c,
ng
nng, d th thu c dung dch Y v gii phng 1,008 lt kh SO 2 (ktc). C cn

dung dch Y thu c 15 gam tinh th CuSO 4 .5H 2 O. Hiu sut phn ng kh NH 3
v gi tr ca m l:
a
A. 75% v 4,8 gam B. 60% v 4,8 gam

kh
C. 60% v 8 gam D. 75% v 8 gam

P N CHI TIT
Bi 1: Chn p n C
3, 2 M
C ngay nO =nH 2 = .2 =0, 4 M X =7, 2 X =3,6
16 M H2
Bi 2: Chn p n B
a + b =1
n
C ngay:= 0,352 =
n n= 0,352 0,176 =
b 0, 4
b = 0, 44
NH 3
n
343
Bi 3: Chn p n D
a + b = 1
n
C ngay:= 0, 264 = n = nNH 3 0, 264 0,396 =
b 0,8
n b = 0, 495
Bi 4: Chn p n C
n M X 7, 2 nX = 1
C ngay: Y = = = 0,9 n = 1= nNH 3 C
nX M Y 8 nY = 0,9
Bi 5. Chn p n B
M A nB 0,6
C ngay: = = 0,7 n= B 2,8 = n 1,=2 nNH 3 H= = 60%
n
M B nA 1
Bi 6. Chn p n A
.v
=n nNH = a 5
3
5
om
C ngay : a a = H = 12 = 41,67%
= 0, 2 6 1
5 a
Bi 7. Chn p n A .c
= n 25 N 2 = 31, 25 12,5
C ngay : H = = 0, 4
N 2 : H 2 = 1: 3 H 2 = 93,75
ok
31, 25
Bi 8. Chn p n A
bo
n= n= NH 3 3 3
( )2
4
C ngay: n1 6+ y p1 24 y=
=
18 K c = 0,013
n= 6 + y = = 4,5 18 4,5
3
et
2 3 p2 21 .
4 4
Bi 9. Chn p n A
vi
N : a mol
C ngay: A 2
ng
H 2 : 4a mol
0,51
V c ngay nH 2 = nO = nCu = 0,51 VA = .5 = 14, 28
a
4
kh
Cu 10. Chn p n A
ng che o
H : 3
X 2 ;= n X 4;=
n Y 3,6; N 2 + 3H 2 2NH3
N 2 :1
n = 4 3,6= 0,4= n NH n Nphan ng= 0,2 H= 20%
3 2
Cu 11. Chn p n A
344
=
n SO2 0, 045 =
BTE
n Cu 0, 045 mol
n CuSO=
4 .5H 2 O
0, 06 mol
BTNT

= n Cu =
n CuO 0, 06 mol =
m 4, 6g
0, 045
=H = 75%
0, 06
n
.v
om
.c
ok
bo
et
vi
a ng
kh
345
CON NG T DUY S 16
BI TON H+ TC DNG VI (HCO 3 - v CO 3 2-)

Con ng t duy :
H + + CO32 HCO3 (1)
+
H + HCO3 CO2 + H 2O(2)
Khi t t H+ vo th sau khi (1) xong mi ti (2)
CO32 CO32
Khi
vo H+ th c CO 2 bay nn ngay theo t ng t l ca
HCO3 HCO3
n
Trong qu trnh gii ton nn trit p dng BTNT v BT.
.v
om
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Cho hn hp K 2 CO 3 v NaHCO 3 (t l mol 1 : 1) vo bnh dung dch
Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 , thu c kt ta X v dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 0,5M
.c
vo bnh n khi khng cn kh thot ra th ht 560 ml. Bit ton b Y phn ng
va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Khi lng kt ta X l:
ok
Ta c ngay :K 2 CO 3 : a mol ; NaHCO 3 : a mol; Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 : b mol
Cho HCl vo bnh th C bin thnh CO 2 ht (k c trong BaCO 3 ).
bo
nH=+ = 3a + 2b
0, 28
Do ta c ngay:
nOH = 0, 2= a + 2b
et
a = 0, 04 mol
nX= nBaCO=
vi
0, 04 mol
b = 0, 08 mol
3
( KCl ; NaCl ; BaCl2 )

ng
=nH + nCl BTNT
Ch :
nOH = nHCO3
a
Cu 2: Cho t t n ht tng git dung dch cha a mol HCl vo dung dch cha
kh
b mol Na 2 CO 3 thu c V lt kh. Mt khc, nu cho t t n ht dung dch cha

b mol Na 2 CO 3 vo dung dch cha a mol HCl thu c 2V lt kh (cc kh o
cng iu kin). Mi quan h gia a v b l:
A. b = a. B. b = 0,75a. C. b = 1,5a. D. b = 2a.
Ch : Khi cho HCl vo Na 2 CO 3 th cha c kh bay ra ngay.Tuy nhin lm ngc
li th li c kh bay ra ngay.
V
Vi TN 1: a= b +
22,4
2V a a
Vi TN 2: = 2(a b) = 3a = 4b B
22,4 2 2
344
Cu 3: Cho 17,70 gam hn hp mui cacbonat v sunfat ca kim loi X thuc

nhm IA trong bng tun hon, tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch BaCl 2 1M.
Kim loi loi X l:
A. Li. B. Na. C. K. D. Rb.
n=
Ba 2+
n 0,15 mol n(CO3 ,SO
0,15 mol = 2
=2
4 ) 0,15 mol
17,7
Nu hn hp ch c mui cacbonat: 2M + 60= M= 29
0,15
17,7
Nu hn hp ch c mui sunfat : 2M + 96= M= 11
0,15
Do 1<M<29 ch c Na tha mn B
n
Cu 4: Cho t t 150ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 500ml dung dch A gm Na 2 CO 3
.v
v KHCO 3 th thu c 1,008 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch Y. Cho dung dch tc
dng vi dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d th thu c 29,55g kt ta. Nng ca Na 2 CO 3
om
v KHCO 3 trong dung dch ln lt l:
A. 0,2 v 0,4M B. 0,18 v 0,26M
C. 0,21 v 0,37M D. 0,21 v 0,18M
.c
n CO2 = a
3
+ n HCl= 0,15 mol 0, 045n CO2 a + 0, 045
= 0,15 =a 0,105 mol
ok
n HCO3 = b

n = 0,15 mol = a + b 0, 045 b = 0, 09 mol
bo
Cu 5: Ha tan 115,3 gam hn hp X gm MgCO 3 v RCO 3 bng dd H 2 SO 4

long thu c dd A,cht rn B v 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc). C cn dd A thu c
12gam mui khan. Mt khc em nung cht rn B n khi lng khng i thu
et
c 11,2lit CO 2 (ktc). Khi lng cht rn B l:

vi
A. 106,5gam B. 110,5gam C. 103,3gam D. 100,8gam.

= n CO2 0,=
2 mol n H2SO4
ng

12(MgSO 4 )

BTKL
115,3 + 0, 2.98
= m B + 12 + 0, 2.18 + 0, 2.44 = m B 110,5 B
a
Cu 6. Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na 2 CO 3 1,5M v KHCO 3 1M. Nh t t

kh
200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X sinh ra V lt kh ktc. Gi tr

ca V l:
A. 4,48 B. 1,12 C. 2,24 D. 3,36
n = 0, 2 mol
H+

n CO= 2 0,15 mol n CO
= 2
0, 05 mol =
V 0, 05.22,=
4 1,12 lt B

3
n HCO3 = 0,1mol
345
Cu 7. Cho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo 300 ml dung dch NaHCO 3
0,1M thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Cho t t dung dch HCl 0,25M vo X
n khi bt u c kh sinh ra th ht V ml. bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton.
Gi tr ca V l
A. 80. B. 160. C. 60 D. 40.
n 2+ = 0,02 mol
Ba
Ta c: n OH= 0,04 mol n BaCO=
3
0,03 mol

n HCO3 = 0,03mol
n OH = 0,01mol 0,02
n
X n H+ =0,02 mol=
V = 0,08 = 80 (ml) B
n CO32 = 0,01mol 0,25
.v
Cu 8. Nh t t dd H 2 SO 4 long vo dd X cha 0,1 mol Na 2 CO 3 v 0,2 mol
om
NaHCO 3 , thu c dd Y v 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh khi lng kt ta thu
c kh cho dd Ba(OH) 2 d vo dd Y?
A. 54,65 gam B. 46,60 gam C. 19,70 gam
.c D.66,30 gam
nC = 0,1 + 0, 2 = 0,3 n BaSO= n= 0,1 n BaCO3 = 0,1mol
=
C
4
ok
C = 0, 2 n H2SO4 = 0,15 n BaSO4 = 0,15 mol
Chn A
bo
Cu 9. Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch

hn hp gm Na 2 CO 3 0,2M v NaHCO 3 0,3M. Sau phn ng thu c s mol
et
CO 2 l:
vi
n = 0, 03 mol
H+
ng

Ta c: n CO2 = 0, 02 mol n CO2 = 0, 03 0, 02 = 0, 01mol B

3
HCO3 = 0, 03 mol
n
a
kh
Cu 10: Cho 34,4 gam hn hp Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , CaCO 3 phn ng vi dung dch

HCl d thu c dung dch X v 6,72 lt CO 2 ktc. C cn X thu c m gam
mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l:
n= CO2 n=
CO32
0,3 mol
m= 34, 4 60.0,3 + 0, 6.35,5= 37, 7(g) B
n CO2 = 2n H+ n Cl = 0, 6 mol
346
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1: Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 2M vo m gam dung dch X cha NaHCO 3
4,2% v Na 2 CO 3 . Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y v
1,12 lt CO 2 thot ra ( ktc). Cho nc vi trong d vo dung dch Y thu c ti
a 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 100. B. 300. C. 400. D. 200.
Cu 2: Cho 25,8 gam hn hp X gm MOH, MHCO 3 v M 2 CO 3 (M l kim loi
kim, MOH v MHCO 3 c s mol bng nhau) tc dng vi lng d dung dch
H 2 SO 4 long, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c dung dch Y v 0,3 mol CO 2 .
Kim loi M l:
n
A. K. B. Na. C. Li. D. Rb.
Cu 3: Cho 0,1 mol Ba(OH) 2 vo dd cha 0,15mol KHCO 3 . Sau khi kt thc tt
.v
c cc phn ng thu c kt ta T v dd Z. C cn Z thu c m g cht rn khan.
om
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,8 B. 9,7 C. 8,7 D. 3,0
Cu 4: Hai cc ng dung dch HCl t trn hai a cn A, B . Cn trng thi cn
.c
bng. Cho 10 gam CaCO 3 vo cc A v 8,221 gam M 2 CO 3 vo cc B . Sau khi hai
mui tan ht, cn tr li v tr cn bng. Kim loi M l:
ok
A. Li. B. K. C. Na. D. Rb.
Cu 5: Ha tan ht a gam hn hp Na 2 CO 3 v KHCO 3 va nc thu c dd X.
bo
Cho t t 100ml dd HCl 1,5 M vo dd X, thu c dd Y v 1,008 lt kh ( ktc) .

Thm dd Ba(OH) 2 d vo Y thu c 29,55 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 20,13 gam B. 18,7 gam C. 12,4 gam D. 32,4
et
Cu 6: Thm t t tng git 100 ml dung dch cha Na 2 CO 3 1,2M v NaHCO 3

0,6M vo 200 ml dung dch HCl 1 M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c dung
vi
dch X. Cho dung dch BaCl 2 n d vo X thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m

ng
l:
A. 9,85 B. 7,88 C. 23,64 D.11,82
Cu 7: Dung dch X cha x mol Na 2 CO 3 v y mol NaHCO 3 vi x : y = 1: 2. Dung
a
dch Y cha z mol HCl. Thc hin 2 th nghim sau:

kh
- Cho t t n ht dd X vo dd Y thy thot ra 16,8 lt kh CO 2 (ktc)

- Cho t t n ht dd Y vo dd X thy thot ra 5,6 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Tng gi
tr ca (x + y) l:
A. 1,75 B. 2,50 C. 2,25 D. 2,00
Cu 8:Cho hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim tan ht trong 200ml dung dch cha
BaCl 2 0,3M v Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 0,8M thu c 2,8 lt H 2 ( ktc) v m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 43,34. B. 31,52. C. 39,4 D. 49,25.
347
Cu 9. Cho 18,8 (g) hn hp 2 mui cacbonat v hidrocacbonat ca mt kim loi

kim , tc dng vi lng d dung dch H 2 SO 4 sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh
(ktc). Xc nh kim loi kim.
A. Li B. Rb C. K D. Na
Cu 10: Ha tan hon ton 57,65 gam hn hp X gm MgCO 3 v MCO 3 bng 500
ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 long thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v 2,24 lt kh (ktc).
Nung B ti khi khi lng khng i thu thm 5,6 lt kh na ( ktc). Bit trong
X, s mol ca MCO 3 gp 2,5 ln s mol ca MgCO 3 . Tn ca kim loi M v nng
mol ca dung dch H 2 SO 4 dng l:
A. Ca; 0,025M. B. Zn; 0,050M. C. Ba; 0,700M. D. Ba; 0,200M.
Cu 11: Cho m gam Ca vo 500 ml dung dch cha NaHCO 3 1M v CaCl 2 0,5M.
n
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 40 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
.v
A. 16,0. B. 8,0. C. 6,0. D. 10,0.
Cu 12: Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5 M vo 0,4 lt dung dch X gm
om
Na 2 CO 3 v KHCO 3 thu c 1,008 lt CO 2 (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm dung
dch Ba(OH) 2 d vo dung dch Y thu c 29,55 gam kt ta. Nng mol/lit
ca Na 2 CO 3 v KHCO 3 trong dung dch X ln lt l
.c
A. 0,0375 M v 0,05M. B. 0,1125M v 0,225M.
C. 0,2625M v 0,225M. D. 0,2625M v 0,1225M.
ok
Cu 13. Ha tan m gam NaOH rn vo dung dch NaHCO 3 nng C mol/l, thu
c 2 lt dung dch X . Chia dung dch X thnh 2 phn bng nhau :
bo
- Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch BaCl 2 (d) thu c 11,82 gam kt ta.
- Phn 2 cho dung dch CaCl 2 vo ti d ri un nng, sau khi kt thc cc
phn ng thu c 7,0 gam kt ta.
et
Gi tr ca C, m tng ng l:
vi
A. 0,14 v 2,4 B. 0,08 v 4,8 C. 0,04 v 4,8 D. 0,07 v 3,2.

Cu 14: Nh t t tng git cho n ht 300 ml dung dch NaHCO 3 0,1M; K 2 CO 3
ng
0,2M vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M; NaHSO 4 0,6M v khuy u thu c V lt
CO 2 thot ra (ktc) v dung dch X. Thm vo dung dch X 100 ml dung dch
KOH 0,6M; BaCl 2 1,5M thu c m gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra
a
hon ton. Gi tr ca V v m l:
kh
A. 1,0752 v 22,254. B. 0,448 v 25,8.

C. 0,448 v 11,82. D. 1,0752 v 20,678.
Cu 15: Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na 2 CO 3 1,5M v KHCO 3 1M. Nh t t
tng git v khuy u cho n ht 350 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung
dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36. B. 1,12. C. 4,48. D. 2,24.
Cu 16: Trn 100ml dung dch X (gm KHCO 3 1M v K 2 CO 3 1M) vo 100ml
dung dch Y (gm NaHCO 3 1M v Na 2 CO 3 1M) thu c dung dch Z. Nh t t
100 ml dung dch T ( gm H 2 SO 4 1 M v HCl 1M) vo dung dch Z thu c V
348
(lt) CO 2 ( ktc) v dung dch Q. Cho dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d tc dng vi dung
dch Q thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l:
A. 59,1 gam; 2,24 lt B. 39,4 gam; 2,24 lt
C. 82,4 gam; 2,24 lt D. 78,8 gam; 1,12 lt
Cu 17: Cho 20,7 gam hn hp CaCO 3 v K 2 CO 3 phn ng ht vi dung dch
HCl d thu c kh Y. Sc ton b kh Y t t vo dung dch ch cha 0,18mol
Ba(OH) 2 thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m nm trong khong
A. 29,55<m 35,46 B. 29,55< m< 30,14
C. 0< m 35,46 D. 30,14 m 35,46
Cu 18: C 2 dung dch A v B. Dung dch A cha H 2 SO 4 0,2M v HCl 0,1M,
dung dch B cha K 2 HCO 3 0,3M v BaCl 2 0,1M. Cho 0,5 lt dung dch A phn
n
ng vi 0,5 lt dung dch B v un nng, sau phn ng hon ton thy tng khi
.v
lng cc cht trong A v B gim m gam. Xc nh gi tr ca m (cho rng nc
bay hi khng ng k)
om
A. 10,304 B. 11,65 C. 22,65 D. 18,25
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n D .c
n Na CO = a n CO2 =0, 05 mol 0, 2 =+ a 0, 05
n HCl =
0, 2 + X 2 3
ok
n NaHCO3 = b n = n C n CO2 = a + b 0, 05 = 0, 2 mol

a = 0,15 mol 0,1.84

bo
= m = 200 (g)
b = 0,1mol 0,042
Cu 2: Chn p n C
et
Ch : V n MOH = n MHCO3 nn ta quy X thnh :

vi
M 2 CO3 BTNT.Cacbon
n M2CO3 = 0,3 mol
ng
H 2 O
y ch c Li tha mn v cc TH cn li s c khi lng X ln hn 25,8 gam.
Cu 3: Chn p n B
a
= =
n Ba2+ 0,1mol; =
n OH 0,2 mol; n HCO3 0,15 mol
kh
n BaCO3 =
0,1mol
( = 0, 05; n K2 CO=
Z n KOH 3
)
0, 05 m
= 9,7g
Cu 4: Chn p n B
Mun cn thng bng th khi lng 2 cc tng thm phi nh nhau.
10 8,221
Ta c ngay : 10 .CO2 = 8,221 .CO2
100 2M + 60
8,221.44
10 4, =
4 8,221 M = 39(k)
2M + 60
349
Cu 5: Chn p n A
n CO2 = a mol
3
n HCO = b mol
a + 0, 045
= 0,15 =
a 0,105 mol

3
n H+ = 0,15 mol

n CO2 = 0, 045 mol
n =0,15 mol n C =0,15 + 0, 045 =0,195 mol
a = 0,105 mol
m= 20,15(g)
b = 0, 09 mol
n
Cu 6: Chn p n B
.v
Cc bn ch : Cho nh vy th CO 2 s bay ln ngay lp tc v do c
CO32 va HCO3 sinh ra theo ng t l mol do c ngay :
om
n CO2 0,12
= 3
= 2 n CO32 n CO2 = a mol a = 2b
n
HCO3 0, 06
n HCO=
n CO b mol =
.c 2a + b 0, 2
n
H + = 0, 2 mol 3 2
ok
a = 0, 08 mol n CO32 (d) : 0, 04 mol

b = 0, 05 mol = m 0,= 04.197 7,88g
bo
Ch : Nu bi cho Ba(OH) 2 vo th phi tnh c lng HCO3 d

Cu 7: Chn p n C
et
Ch : Vi hai kiu nh vy lng CO 2 thot ra l rt khc nhau:

+ +
Khi cho Y vo X th : CO32
H
HCO3 H
CO2
vi
Khi cho X vo Y th s c CO 2 bay ra ngay.

ng
CO32
Lng CO 2 thot ra do c
sinh ra.
HCO3
a
Vi th nghim 2 ta c: z= x + 0,25
kh
Vi th nghim 1 ta c :
x 1 CO3 a.CO2
2
a + 2a = 0,75
= z= 1
2a + 2a =

y 2 HCO3 2aCO2 z
x = z 0,25 = 0,75; y = 1,5 x + y = 2,25
Cu 8: Chn p n A
Ta c: =
n H2 0,125 mol n= OH
0, 25 mol =
n HCO 0,32 mol
3
n CO2 = 0, 25 mol
3 = = 43,34g
m 0, 22.197
n Ba2+ = 0, 22 mol
350
Cu 9. Chn p n C
18,8
Nu ch l mui MHCO 3 : n CO2 = 0,15 M + 61= = 125,3 M = 64,3
0,15
18,8
Nu ch l mui M 2 CO 3 : n CO2 = 0,15 2M + 60 = = 125,3 M = 32,65
0,15
32,65 < M < 64,3 M = 39 (k)
Cu 10: Chn p n D
n MCO3 = 2,5a mol
n= 0,1 + 0,=
CO2 25 0,35 mol
BTNT

n MgCO3 = a mol
n
3,5a
= 0,35 = a 0,1
.v

BTKL
84.0,1 + 0,25(M +
= 60) 57,65
= M 137 Ba
om
V nung B c CO 2 bay ra nn X con d (hay H 2 SO 4 thiu) n H2 SO4 < 0,35
Ch : Ta cng c th dng BTNT d dng tnh c th nng axit l 0,2 M
Cu 11: Chn p n B .c
n HCO = 0,5 mol
3
ok
= n
Ca 2 + 0, 25 mol
=
BTNT.C
n OH 0, 4 mol

= n n= CaCO3 0, 4 mol
bo
n Ca(OH)2 = 0,2 m = 0,2.40 = 8

Cu 12: Chn p n C
et
n Na CO = a mol
Ta c: X 2 3 n H+ = 0,15 mol
vi
n KHCO3 = b mol
ng
n CO2 = 0, 045 0,15 = a + 0, 045 a = 0,105 mol

BTNT.C
n = (a + b) 0, 045= 0,15 b= 0, 09 mol
a
0,105 0,09
[ Na 2 CO
= 3] = 0,2625; [ KHCO
= 3] = 0,225
kh
0,4 0,4
Cu 13. Chn p n B
n HCO = 2a mol
Ta c: NaOH + NaHCO3 X 3
CO32 = 2b mol
n
Vi phn 1
BaCl 2
=
n 0, 06
BTNT

= b 0, 06 mol
0
Vi phn 2:
CaCl 2 /t
=
n 0, 07
BTNT

= a 0, 02 mol

BTNT

= n C 0,16 mol [ NaHCO
= 3] 0, 08 =m =
0,12.40 4,8g
351
Cu 14: Chn p n A
CO2
Vi bi ton lin quan ti pha trn 3 vi H + cc bn cn ch quy
HCO3
trnh .
CO2
Nu rt t t H + vo 3 th CO 2 cha bay ra ngay v qu trnh ln
HCO3
+ +
lt l: CO32
H
HCO3
H
CO2 .
CO32
Tuy nhin,nu vo H + th s c CO 2 bay ra ngay.
n

HCO3
.v
CO2
Do c 3 sinh ra.
HCO3
om
nHCO3 = 0, 03 mol

+ HCO3 aCO2
Vi bi ton trn ta c: + 0, 08 H 2
nCO32 = 0, 06 mol
.c CO3 (b =
2a )CO2
5a= 0,08 a= 0,016 n = 0,048 V= 1,0752
CO2
ok
n = 0, 014 mol
HCO3
nOH = 0, 06 mol nBaSO4 = 0, 06 mol
bo
X =nCO 2 0, 028 mol + = m 22, 254 g

nBa 2+ = 0,15 mol nBaCO3 = 0, 042 mol
3
nSO42 = 0, 06 mol
et
Cu 15: Chn p n C
n CO2 = 0,15 mol
vi
Ta c : 3 ; n H+ = 0,35 mol ;
n HCO3 = 0,1mol
ng
n H+ = 0,35 mol = 0,15 + n CO2 n CO2 = 0,2 mol

Cu 16: Chn p n C
a
n CO2 = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0, 2 mol n H+ = 0,3 mol

kh
Ta c: Z 3 +
n HCO3 = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0, 2 mol n SO4 = 0,1mol
n H+ = 0,3 = 0, 2 + n CO2 n CO2 = 0,1mol

BTNT.C
n BaCO3 = 0,3 mol
m= 82, 4 BTNT.S
n BaSO4 = 0,1mol
Cu 17: Chn p n A
Tm khong gi tr cho s mol CO 2 bng cch gi s hn hp ch c 1 mui
352
20,7 20,7
Ta c ngay : = 0,15 < n CO2 < = 0, 207
138 100
Nh vy: Gi tr nh nht ca m l > 0,15.197=29,55 gam
D thy kt ta c th t cc i ri li tan nn
= = 35, 46 g
m Max 0,18.197
Cu 18: Chn p n D
nH + = 0, 25 mol
A
nSO42 = 0,1 mol
nHCO= 0,15 mol CO2
B 3

= m 0,15 (12 + 32 ) + 0, 05 (137 + 32 + 16.4
= ) 18, 25
nBa2+ = 0, 05 mol BaSO4
n
.v
CON NG T DUY S 17
om
BI TP NHIT NHM V IN PHN NNG CHY
Al 2 O 3
Con ng t duy : .c
Vi bi ton nhit nhm : Thc cht l Al i cp O trong Oxit ca cc kim loi
khc.
ok
Da vo cc gi kin kt hp vi cc LBT i tim xem Al d l bao nhiu? i
vo Al 2 O 3 l bao nhiu.
Vi bi ton in phn nng chy Al 2 O 3 : y l dng ton ni chung rt n
bo
CO

gin thng th chng ta ch cn BTNT O vi ch Al 2 O3 CO2 sau
dpnc/ C
et
O
2
vi
BTNT tnh Al.

ng
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Nung nng 23,3 gam hn hp gm Al v Cr 2 O 3 (trong iu kin khng
a
c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp cht rn X.

Cht rn X phn ng va vi 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M (long). Nu ha
kh
tan ht X bng dung dch HCl th cn va dung dch cha a mol HCl. Gi tr
ca a l:
A. 1,3. B. 1,5. C. 0,9. D. 0,5.
Ch : Cr khng tan trong kim long .
= n KOH 0,3 mol
BTNT.K
= =
n KAlO2 0,3 mol n Al 0,3 mol
n Al2O3 = 0,1mol
n Al = 0,3 mol
23,3g
BTNT.Oxi
X n Al = 0,1mol
n Cr2O3 = 0,1mol
n Cr = 0, 2 mol
353
n AlCl3 = 0,3 mol BTNT.Clo

BTNT
a = 1,3 mol
n CrCl2 = 0, 2 mol
Cu 2: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi 9,66 gam hn hp X gm Fe x O y v
nhm, thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c
0,672 lt kh (ktc), dung dch D v cht khng tan Z. Sc CO 2 n d vo dung
dch D lc kt ta v nung n khi lng khng i c 5,1 gam cht rn. Cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cng thc ca oxit st l:
A. Khng xc nh c B. Fe 2 O 3
C. Fe 3 O 4 D. FeO
Do phn ng hon ton.
n
= n H 0, 03 mol
=BTE
n Al 0, 02 mol
.v
2
Ta c ngay: 9, 66 g Y n Al O = a mol
2 3
om

Fe

BTNT.Al
0, 02 +
= 2a 0,1 =
a 0, 04 mol .c
n Fe 0, 09 3

BTKL
n=
Fe 0, 09 mol = = C
n O 3.0, 04 4
ok
Cu 3: Mt hn hp gm bt Al v Fe 2 O 3 , thc hin phn ng nhit nhm ni
khng c khng kh. Hn hp sn phm rn thu c sau phn ng, trn u ri
bo
chia thnh 2 phn.Cho phn 1 vo dung dch NaOH ly d th thu c 6,72 lt

hidro v cht rn khng tan trong NaOH c khi lng bng 34,783% khi lng
et
ca phn 1. Ha tan ht phn 2 vo dung dch HCl th thu c 26,88 lt hidro. Cc

th tch KC, cc phn ng u hon ton. Khi lng tng cht rn trong hn
vi
hp ban u l:
A. 10,8g Al v 64 g Fe 2 O 3 B. 27g Al v 32 g Fe 2 O 3
ng
C. 32,4g Al v 32 g Fe 2 O 3 D. 45g Al v 80 g Fe 2 O 3
Ch : Phn ng l hon ton v khi lng 2 phn c th l khc nhau.
a
D thy Al c d sau phn ng nhit nhm.

kh
Trong phn 1 c :
n : a mol
Fe 3b = 0,3.2
BTE + BTKL
n
Al : b mol 56a
BTNT.O 56a + 27b + 51a = 0,34783
n Al2O3 : 0,5a
a = 0,1mol
m1 =
16,1g
b = 0, 2 mol
m 2 n 2e 1, 2.2
Vi phn 2: n H2 =1, 2 =e = =3 m 2 =48,3g
m1 n1 0,1.2 + 0, 2.3
354
Cu 4: Hn hp bt X gm Al v Fe 2 O 3 . Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi

dung dch HCl d thu c 5,376 lt H 2 (ktc). Nu nung nng m gam hn hp X
thc hin hon ton phn ng nhit nhm thu c cht rn Y. Ha tan ht cht
rn Y vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,672 lt lt H 2 (ktc). ha tan ht m
gam hn hp X cn bao nhiu ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H 2 SO 4 0,5M?
A. 300ml B. 450 ml C. 360 ml D. 600ml
0, 24.2
Ta c: X + HCl =
BTE
n Al = 0,16 mol
3
0, 03.2
Y + NaOH =
BTE
n du
Al = 0, 02 mol
3
n
= n Al 0,14 mol
pu
=
BTNT.Al
n Al2O3 0, 07 mol
.v
Vy X c:
n Al = 0,16 mol
om

BTE + BTNT.H

= n H+ 0,16.3 + 0, 07.3.2
= 0, 9 mol
n
Fe2O3 = 0, 07 mol
n H+ = 1.V + 0,5.2.V = 0, 9 V = 0, 45 lit

.c
Cu 5: Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe 2 O 3 , thc hin phn ng nhit nhm sau khi
phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn A. Cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d
ok
thu c 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc) v cht rn B. Cho B tc dng vi H 2 SO 4 long d, c
8,96 kh (ktc). Khi lng ca Al v Fe 2 O 3 trong hn hp X:
bo
A. 13,5g; 16g B. 10,8g; 16g

C. 6,75g; 32g D. 13,5g; 32g
et
Ta c:
0,15.2
A + NaOH
= n Al = 0,1mol
BTE
vi
3
m Fe2O3
B + H SO 0, 4.2
ng
=
BTE
n Fe = 0, 4 mol
BTNT.Fe
=
n Fe2O3 0, 2 mol
2 4
2

BTNT.O
n=
Al 2O3 0, 2 mol =
n Al 0,1 + 0,=
2.2 0,5 mol =
m Al 13,5g
a
Cu 6: Cho a gam Al tc dng vi b gam Fe 2 O 3 thu c hn hp A. Ho tan A

kh
trong HNO 3 d, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong

khng kh. Khi lng a dng:
A. 2,7 g B. 5,4 g C. 4,0 g D. 1,35 g
Bi ton ny cc bn ch .V cui cng Al v Fe u ln s oxi ha cao nht
nn ta c th hiu kh NO thot ra l do Al sinh ra.
Do c ngay : BTE

= n Al =
n NO 0,1 mol= a 2, 7g
Cu 7: Trn 6,48 g Al vi 16 g Fe 2 O 3 . Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm thu c
cht rn A. Khi cho A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, c 1,344 lt H 2 (ktc)
thot ra. Tnh hiu sut phn ng nhit nhm
A. 80% B. 100% C. 75% D. 85%
355
n Al = 0, 24 mol
Ta c: Al d ta tnh hiu sut theo Fe 2 O 3 .
n Fe2O3 = 0,1mol
Gi s:
= n pu
Al a mol
BTE
(0, 24=
a).3 0, 06.2
= a 0, 2 mol
=
n pu
Fe 2 O3
0,1 mol
= H 100%
Cu 8: Kh hon ton 16g Fe 2 O 3 bng bt Al d nhit cao. Sau phn ng
cho khi lng rn vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,672 lit (ktc) kh. Khi
lng bt Al dng l:
A. 9,84 g B. 9,54 g C. 5,94 g D. 5,84 g
n Fe2 O3 0,1mol
= =
BTNT
n pu 0, 2 mol
n
=
Al
Ta c: n Al 0, 22 mol m
= Al 5, 94g
= n H2 0, 03 mol
=BTE
n Al 0, 02 mol
du
.v
BI TP RN LUYN
om
Cu 1: t nng hn hp gm bt Al v Fe 3 O 4 vi lng va phn ng
nhit nhm xy ra hon ton. Cc cht thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d thu c 4,032 lt H 2 ktc. Khi lng ca hn hp ban u l :
.c
A. 7,425g B. 13,5g C. 46,62g D. 18,24 g
ok
Cu 2: Sau khi thc hin phn ng nhit nhm vi Fe 3 O 4 thu c cht rn A v
nhn thy khi lng nhm gim 8,1 gam. Cho A tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu
c 6,72 lt kh (ktc), gi s hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%. Khi lng ca A l:
bo
A. 39,6g B. 31,62g C. 42,14g D. 15,16g

Cu 3: t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16g Fe 2 O 3 (trong iu kin khng c
et
khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc

dng va vi Vml dd NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l?
vi
A. 100ml B. 150 ml C. 200ml D. 300ml

Cu 4: Nung nng hn hp gm 15,2 gam Cr 2 O 3 v m gam Al. Sau khi phn ng
ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 23,3 gam hn hp X. Cho ton b X phn ng vi HCl

d thy thot ra V (lt) H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
a
A. 7,84 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 3,36 lt D. 10,08 lt

kh
Cu 5: Trn 5,4g Al vi 17,4g bt Fe 3 O 4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm (gi

s ch xy ra phn ng kh Fe 3 O 4 thnh Fe). Ha tan hon ton hn hp rn sau
phn ng bng dd H 2 SO 4 long, d th thu c 5,376 lt H 2 (ktc). Hiu sut
phn ng nhit nhm l?
A. 62,5% B. 60% C. 20% D. 80%
Cu 6: Trn m gam bt nhm vi CuO v Fe 2 O 3 ri tin hnh nhit nhm. Sau
mt thi gian thu c cht rn A. Ha tan A trong HNO 3 d c dung dch B
(khng c NH 4 NO 3 ) v hn hp kh C gm 0,02 mol NO 2 v 0,03 mol NO. Gi tr
ca m l :
A. 0,99 B. 0,81 C.1,17 D. 2,34
356
Cu 7: Mt hn hp gm Al v Fe 2 O 3 c khi lng l 26,8gam. Tin hnh phn

ng nhit nhm thu c cht rn A. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho ra kh H 2 . Phn 2 Tc dng vi dung dch HCl
cho ra 5,6 lt H 2 ( .k.t.c). Tnh khi lng ca Al v Fe 2 O 3 trong hn hp ban
u
A. 5,4gam Al v 11,4 gam Fe 2 O 3 B. 10,8gam Al v 16 gam Fe 2 O 3
C. 2,7gam Al v 14,1 gam Fe 2 O 3 D. 7,1gam Al v 9,7 gam Fe 2 O 3
Cu 8: Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 v Cr 2 O 3 tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH c, d thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon
ton 41,4 gam X bng phn ng nhit nhm cn dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn %
theo khi lng ca Cr 2 O 3 trong hn hp X l:
n
A. 30,23% B. 50,67% C. 36,71% D. 66,67%
.v
Cu 9: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe 3 O 4 trong iu kin khng c
khng kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c mt hn hp rn X. Cho X
om
tc dng vi dd NaOH d thu c dd Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Sc
kh CO2 d vo dd Y, thu c 39 g kt ta. Gi tr ca m l?
A. 45,6g B. 48,3g .c
C. 36,7g D. 57g
Cu 10: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe 2 O 3 (trong mi trng khng c
ok
khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra khon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y
thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Tc dng vi dd H 2 SO 4 long, d sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H 2 ktc.
bo
- Phn 2: Tc dng vi dd NaOH d sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H 2 ktc. Gi tr ca m l?

A. 22,75g B. 21,4g C. 29,4g D. 29,43g
et
Cu 11: t nng mt hn hp X gm bt Fe 3 O 4 v bt Al trong mi trng

khng c khng kh. Nu cho nhng cht cn li sau phn ng (Y) tc dng vi
vi
dung dch NaOH d s thu c 0,15 mol H 2 ; cn nu cho tc dng vi HCl d s

thu c 0,6 mol H 2 . Vy s mol Al trong hn hp X l?
ng

Cu 12: Trn 32gam Fe 2 O 3 vi 10,8gam Al ri nung vi nhit cao, hn hp
a
sau phn ng ha tan vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 5,376 lt kh ( .k.t.c). S

kh
gam Fe thu c l:
A. 1,12gam B. 11,20gam C. 12,44gam D. 13,44gam
Cu 13. (Trch KA 2014 ) Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm Al v m
gam hai oxit st trong kh tr, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X vo dung dch NaOH
d, thu c dung dch Y, cht khng tan Z v 0,672 lt kh H 2 ((ktc). Sc kh CO 2
d vo Y, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Cho Z tan ht vo dung dch H 2 SO 4 , thu c
dung dch cha 15,6 gam mui sunfat v 2,464 lt kh SO 2 ( ktc, l sn phn kh
duy nht ca H 2 SO 4 ). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,29. B. 6,48 C. 6,96 D. 5,04.
357
Cu 14. (Trch KA 2014 ) Hn hp X gm Al, Fe 3 O 4 v CuO, trong oxi

chim 25% khi lng hn hp. Cho 1,344 lt kh CO (ktc) i qua m gam X nung
nng, sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn Y v hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi H 2
bng 18. Ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c dung
dch cha 3,08m gam mui v 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr m gn gi tr no nht sau y ?
A. 9,5 B. 8,5 C. 8,0 D. 9,0
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n D
V phn ng nhit nhm l va nn ta c :
n
n Fe = 3a mol

.v
n=Fe3O 4 a mol
BTNT
4a
BTE
=
3a.2 0,18.2=
a 0, 06 mol
n Al2O3 = 3 mol

om
8.0,06
= m 0,06.232 + = .27 18,24 g
3
Cu 2: Chn p n A
Ta c:
.c
ok
pu 8,1 n Al = 0, 2 mol
= n = 0,3 mol BTNT
n Al
= 0,15 mol
Al 27 2 O3
= m A 39, 6g=
n Al2 O3 0,15 mol
bo
0,3.2
=
BTE
n Al = 0, 2 mol
du
3 n Fe = 0,3375 mol
Cu 3: Chn p n D
et
Ta c:
vi
= n H 0,15mol = BTE
n d 0,1mol
2 Al BTNT
= n NaAlO 0,3mol
= V 0,3lit
ng
BTNT
n Fe2O3 0,1mol n Al 0,2 mol
p/
= = 2
Cu 4: Chn p n A
a
23,3 15, 2
Ta c: =
BTKL
n Al = 0,3= mol; n Cr2O3 0,1mol Al d
kh
27
n du = 0,3 0, 2 = 0,1mol BTE 0,1.3 + 0, 2.2
Al
= n H2 = 0,35= mol V 7,84lit
n
Cr = 0, 2 mol 2
Cu 5: Chn p n D
n Al = 0, 2 mol
Ta c:
n Fe3O4 = 0, 075 mol
Phn ng va ta c th tnh hiu sut theo 1 trong 2 cht.
358
0, 2 a
=n du
Al a mol
BTNT.Al
=
n Al2O3 mol
2
0,2 a 1 9.(0,2 a)
=

BTNT.O
n Fe = .3. .3
2 4 8
9(0, 2 a) 0,16

BTE
3.a + = =
.2 0, 24.2 a 0, 04 mol
= H = .100 80%
8 0, 2
Cu 6: Chn p n A
Do s oxi ha ca Cu v Fe cao nht nn trong c qu trnh c th xem NO
v NO 2 l do Al sinh ra.Khi ta c ngay :
0, 02.1 + 0, 03.3 0,11
n

= BTE
n Al = =mol m 0, 99g
3 3
.v
Cu 7: Chn p n B
Phn 1 tc dng vi NaOH c kh H 2 Al d.
om
n Fe = 2b mol
n Al = a mol A
Phn 2: 13, 4 n Al O = b mol
n Fe2O3 = b mol 2 2 3 .c
n Al= a 2b mol
ok
BTKL + BTE 2b.2 + 3(a 2b) = 0,25.2

27a + 160b = 13,4
bo
a = 0, 2 mol m Al = 10,8 mol

A:
b = 0, 05 mol m Fe2O3 = 16 mol
et
Cu 8: Chn p n C
16
vi
n Fe= = 0,1mol BTNT.O

Ta c: 2 O3
160 n Cr2O3 = 0,1 mol
ng
n Al = 0, 4 mol

0,1.152
%Cr2 O
= = 36,71%
.100
a
3
41, 4
kh
Cu 9: Chn p n D
Y + CO2 =n Al(OH)3 0,5 mol
BTNT.Al
n phan
Al =
ung
+ n du
Al 0,5 mol

Ta c: 0,15.2
X + NaOH
= n du
Al = 0,1mol
BTE
3
0, 25.3

BTNT.Al

= n Al2O3 0, 25 mol
BTNT.O

= n Fe3O4 = 0,1875 mol
4
= = 43,5g
m Fe O 0,1875.232

BTKL
m = 57 3 4
= = 13,5g
m Al 0,5.27
359
Cu 10: Chn p n A
Vi=
phn 2: n H2 0, 0375 mol=

BTE
n Al
du
0, 025 mol
n du = 0, 025 mol BTE
Vi phn 1: Al 0, 025.3
= + 2a 0,1375.2
= a 0,1mol
n Fe : a mol
n Al = 0, 05 mol
n du = 0, 05 mol BTNT + BTKL
C hai phn: Al = m 22,
= 75 n Fe 0, 2 mol
n Fe = 0, 2 mol n
Al2O3 = 0,1mol
Cu 11: Chn p n A
n
Ta c:
.v
8b

n Al= a 3 8b
n Al = a mol 3 a 3 = 0,15.2
om

X:
= Y : n Fe 3b
BTE

n Fe3O4 = b mol 3 a 8b + 3b.2 = 0, 6.2
4b
n Al O = 3
2 3
3 .c
3a= 8b 0,3 = a 0,5 mol

ok
3a =
2b 1, 2 = b 0,15 mol
Cu 12: Chn p n D
bo
0, 24.2
Ta c:=
n H 0, 24 mol
BTE
=
n du
Al = 0,16 mol =
n pu
Al 0, 4 0,16
= 0, 24 mol
2
3
et
=
BTNT.Al
n Al2O3 0,12 mol
=
BTNT.O
n Fe 0, 24 mol
= m Fe 13, 44g
Cu 13. Chn p n C
vi
0, 03.2
X tc dng NaOH cho H 2 Al d .
=
BTE
n du
Al = 0, 02 mol
ng
3
7,8 trong Fe x O y

BTNT.Al
n ban
Al= =
dau
n = 0,1mol n Al=
2 O3
0, 04 mol n O = 0,12 mol
78
a
n= 0,11mol n SO
= 0,11mol m= 15, 6 0,11.96
= 5, 04g
kh
SO2 2 Fe
4
m oxit sat =5, 04 + 0,12.16 =6, 96g

Cu 14. Chn p n A
kim loi : 0, 75m
n CO = 0, 03 mol
[O]
Ta c ngay: 0, 06 n CO Y 0, 25m
n
CO2 = 0, 03 mol = n O 0, 03
16
0, 25m

BTE
=
3, 08m 0, 75m + 0, 03 .2.62 + 0, 04.3.62
= m 9, 477g
16
360
CON NG T DUY S 18
BI TP CHO OH TC DNG VI Al 3+
Con ng t duy :
Ta hiu nh sau: Khi cho OH vo dung dch cha Al 3+ n s lm hai nhim v
Nhim v 1: a kt ta ln cc i Al3 + + 3OH Al ( OH )3
Nhim v 2 : Ha tan kt ta Al ( OH )3 + OH AlO2 + 2H 2 O
Khi gii bi ton ny cn phi xt xem OH thc hin my nhim v. Nu n
n
thc hin 2 nhim v ta c phng trnh sau : n (
= 3.n Al3+ + n Al3+ n )
.v
OH
om
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Cho 200ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH nng
1M ngi ta nhn thy khi dng 180ml dung dch NaOH hay dng 340ml dung
.c
dch NaOH trn th vn thu c khi lng kt ta bng nhau. Nng mol/l ca
dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ban u l:
ok
A. 0,5M B. 0,375M C. 0,125M D. 0,25M
D thy vi 180 ml NaOH kt ta cha cc i (Lng OH ch lm 1 nhim v)
bo
Vi 340 ml NaOH kt ta cc i v b tan mt phn (Lng OH ch lm 2

nhim v)
et
0,18 = 3n
Ta c: nAl 3+ = x x = 0,1 mol
0,34 = 3 x + ( x n )
vi
ng
0,1
Al2 ( SO4 )3 == 0, 25 M
2.0, 2
Cu 2. X l dd AlCl 3 , Y l dd NaOH 2M. Thm 150 ml dd Y vo cc cha 100 ml
a
dd X. Khuy u ti p hon ton thu c m gam kt ta v dd Z. Thm tip 100

kh
ml dd Y vo dd Z, khuy u ti p hon ton li thu c 10,92g kt ta. Gi tr

ca m v nng mol ca dd X ln lt l:
A. 7,8 v 1,6M. B. 3,9 v 2M. C. 7,8 v 1M. D. 3,9 v 1,6M.
Ta phn tch 1 cht.
Khi cho thm NaOH vo lng kt ta tng Ln u kt ta cha cc i.
Vi th nghim 1 ta c : n1=
OH
0,3mol =
n 0,1mol =
m 7,8g
n = 0, 2 mol
Vi th nghim 2 OH lng kt ta b tan mt phn.

n = 0,14 0,1 = 0, 04 mol
361
Ta c: n OH
=0,3 + 0, 2 =0,5 =4nAl 3+ 0,14 nAl 3+ =0,16 mol
Cu 3: Ho tan hon ton 0,15mol phn chua KAl(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 O vo nc, thu
c dung dch X. Cho ton b X tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch (Ba(OH) 2 1M +
NaOH 0,75M), sau phn ng hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 50,5 g. B. 54,4. C. 58,3. D. 46,6.
n Al3+ = 0,15 mol n Ba2+ = 0, 2 mol n BaSO4 = 0, 2 mol
Ta c: + m= 50,5
= n = 0,3 mol =
n OH 0,55 mol n Al(OH)3 0, 05 mol
SO24
Cu 4. Cho 5,6 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH (c thnh phn thay i) ha tan vo
nc c dung dch Z. Cho dung dch Z phn ng vi dung dch cha 0,04 mol
n
AlCl 3 , khi lng kt ta thu c ln nht v nh nht l:
.v
A. 3,12g v 2,6g B. 3,12g v 1,56g
om
C. 1,56g v 3,12g D. 2,6g v 1,56g
tng quy hn hp v tng cht:
5, 6
Nu hn hp l NaOH nOH = nNaOH = =
.c 0,14 mol
40
Ch NaOH to thnh kt ta ln nht ri tan.
ok
nOH = 0,14 mol
0,14
= 3.0, 04 + (0, 04 n ) n=
0, 02 mol
n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol
bo
Nu hn hp l KOH

nOH = 0,1 mol 0,1
et
nOH= nKOH = 0,1 n=

mol
n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol 3
vi
1,56 m 3,12
Cu 5. Tin hnh 2 th nghim: Th nghim 1: cho 100 ml dung dch AlCl 3 x
ng
(mol/l) tc dng vi 600 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 2y mol kt ta. Th

nghim 2: Cho 100ml dd AlCl 3 x (mol/l) tc dng vi 660 ml dd NaOH 1M thu
a
c y mol kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
kh
A.1,7 B.1,9 C.1,8 D.1,6

Al3+ nh nhau; NaOH m kt ta li c 2 TH xy ra l:
(TH1) Kt ta cha cc i
(TH2) Kt ta b tan 1 phn
n Al3+ = 0,1x mol 0, 6
(1) 2y= = 0, 2 y= 0,1mol
n OH = 0, 6 mol 3
(2) : 0,66 = 3.0,1x + (0,1x 2y) = x 1,9 (v l v thu c 0,2g kt ta)
(1)0,6 =0,3x + (0,1x 2y) x =1,8
TH2 :
(2)0,66 = 0,1x.3 + (0,1x y) y = 0,06
362
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1: Cho hn hp X gm x mol NaOH v y mol Ba(OH) 2 t t vo dung dch
cha z mol AlCl 3 thy kt ta xut hin, kt ta tng dn v tan i mt phn. Lc
A. 78(2z - x - 2y) B. 78(2z - x - y)
C. 78(4z - x - 2y) D. 78(4z - x - y)
Cu 2: X l dung dch AlCl 3 , Y l dung dch NaOH 2 M. Thm 150 ml dung dch
Y vo cc cha 100ml dung dch X, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thy trong
n
cc c 7,8 gam kt ta. Thm tip vo cc 100 ml dung dch Y, khuy u n
.v
phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 10,92 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dung
dch X bng:
om
A. 3,2 M. B. 1,0 M. C. 1,6 M. D. 2,0 M.
Cu 3: Cho 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo 250ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 xM
thu c dung dch A v 8,55 gam kt ta .Thm tip 600ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2
.c
0,1M vo A th lng kt ta thu c l 10,485 gam.Gi tr ca x l :
ok
A. 0,12 B. 0,09 C. 0,1 D. 0,06
Cu 4: Cho 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo 250 ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
x(M) thu c 8,55 gam kt ta. Thm tip 400 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo
bo
hn hp phn ng th lng kt ta thu c l 18,8475 gam. Gi tr ca x l

A. 0,06. B. 0,09. C. 0,12. D. 0,1.
et
Cu 5. Khi cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH aM vo 500ml dung dch bM thu
c 15,6 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 400 ml dung dch NaOH aM vo dung
vi
dch bM th thu c 23,4 gam kt ta. Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton.

ng
Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 3,00 v 0,75. B. 3,00 v 0,50.
C. 3,00 v 2,50. D. 2,00 v 3,00
a
Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton m gam Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 vo nc c dung dch X. Nu cho

kh
1,44 lit dung dch NaOH 1M vo X th thu c m 1 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu

cho 1,6 lit dung dch NaOH 1M vo X th thu c m 2 gam kt ta. Bit m 1 =
3m 2 . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 85,5. B. 71,82. C. 82,08. D. 75,24.
Cu 7: Cho 600 ml dd NaOH 1M vo V ml dd Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 1M thu c 10,92 gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 185 B. 70 C. 140 D. 92,5
Cu 8: Mt cc thu tinh cha 200ml dung dch AlCl 3 0,2M. Cho t t vo cc V
ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tnh khi lng kt ta nh nht khi V bin thin trong
on 200ml V 280ml.
363
A. 1,56g B. 3,12g C. 2,6g D. 0,0g

Cu 9: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu
c mt kt ta keo, em sy kh cn c 7,8 gam. Th tch dung dch NaOH
0,5M ln nht dng l bao nhiu?
A.0,6 lt B.1,9 lt C.1,4 lt D.0,8 lt
Th tch NaOH ln nht khi n lm hai nhim v (a kt ta ln cc i v ha
tan kt ta )
Cu 10: Cho 200ml dung dch KOH vo 200ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M thu c 7,8
gam kt ta. Nng mol ca dung dch KOH dng l:
A.1,5M hoc 3,5M B.3M
D.1,5M hoc 3M
n
C.1,5M
Cu 11: Thm 240ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo mt cc thu tinh ng 100ml
.v
dung dch AlCl 3 nng x mol/l, khuy u n phn ng hon ton thy trong
cc c 0,08 mol cht kt ta. Thm tip 100ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo cc,
om
khuy u n phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 0,06 mol cht kt ta. Tnh x.
A. 0,75M B. 1M C. 0,5M D. 0,8M
Cu 12: Cho 3,42 gam Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH, sau phn
.c
ng thu c 0,78 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l nh nht ca dung dch NaOH
ok
dng l?
A. 0,15M B. 0,12M C. 0,28M D. 0,19M
Cu 13: Cho 120 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH
bo
thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Nng mol/l ln nht ca NaOH l?

A.1,7 B.1,9M C.1,4M D.1,5M
Cu 14: Rt V ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo cc ng 300 ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
et
0,25M thu c mt kt ta. Lc kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i c

5,1 gam cht rn. V c gi tr ln nht l?
vi
A.150 B.100 C.250 D.200

ng
Cu 15: Cho 100 ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,1M. S ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M ln
nht cn thm vo dung dch trn cht rn c c sau khi nung kt ta c khi
lng 0,51 gam l bao nhiu?
a
A. 500 B. 800 C. 300 D. 700

kh
Cu 16: Cho dung dch NaOH 0,3M vo 200 ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,2M thu
c mt kt ta trng keo. Nung kt ta ny n khi lng khng c 1,02
gam cht rn. Th tch dung dch NaOH ln nht dng l?
A. 2 lt B. 0,2 lt C. 1 lt D. 0,4 lt
Cu 17: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,4M vo dung dch c cha 58,14 gam
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 thu c 23,4 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V l?
A. 2,68 lt B. 6,25 lt C. 2,65 lt D.2,25 lt
Cu 18: Mt cc thu tinh cha 200ml dung dch AlCl 3 0,2M. Cho t t vo cc
V ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Tnh khi lng kt ta ln nht khi V bin thin
trong on 250ml V 320ml.
364
A.3,12g B.3,72g C.2,73g D.8,51g

Cu 19: Cho 250ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 250ml dung dch AlCl 3 nng x
mol/l, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh x.
A.1,2M B.0,3M C.0,6M D.1,8M
Cu 20: Trong 1 cc ng 200 ml dung dch AlCl 3 0,2M. Rt vo cc 100 ml
dung dch NaOH, thu c mt kt ta, em sy kh v nung n khi lng
khng i thu c 1,53 gam cht rn. Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH
dng l?
A.0,9M B.0,9M hoc 1,3M
C.0,5M hoc 0,9M D.1,3M
n
Cu 21: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch Ba(OH) 2
0,25M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l?
.v
A. 2,4 lt B. 1,2 lt C. 2 lt D.1,8 lt
om
Cu 22: Thm dn dn Vml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 vo 150ml dung dch gm
MgSO 4 0,1M v Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,15M th thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Tch kt
ta, nung n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Tnh m.
A. 22,1175g B. 5,1975g
.c
C. 2,8934g D. 24,4154g
Cu 23: Thm m gam kali vo 300ml dung dch cha Ba(OH) 2 0,1M v NaOH
ok
0,1M thu c dung dch X. Thm t t dung dch X vo 200ml dung dch
Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c lng Y ln nht th gi tr ca m
bo
l:
A.1,71g B.1,59g C.1,95g D.1,17g
Cu 24: Khi cho V ml hay 3V ml dung dch NaOH 2M tc dng vi 400ml dung
et
dch AlCl 3 nng x mol/l ta u cng thu c mt lng cht kt ta c khi

lng l 7,8 gam. Tnh x.
vi
A. 0,75M B. 0,625M
ng
C. 0,25M D. 0,75M hoc 0,25M

Cu 25: Cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch AlCl 3 0,2M
thu c mt kt ta trng keo, em nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng
a
khng i th c 1,02 gam cht rn. Nng mol/l ln nht ca dung dch
kh
NaOH dng l?
A. 1,9M B. 0,15M C. 0,3M D. 0,2M
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n C
Ta quan nim nh sau: Cho OH- vo th n c 2 nhim v :
Nhim v 1: a kt ta ti cc i :3z
m
Nhim v 2: Ha tan 1 phn kt ta : ( z ).Khi ta c ngay :
78
365
m
OH =x + 2y =3z + z 78 C
Cu 2: Chn p n C
Khi cho thm OH vo m lng kt ta gim s c 2 TH xy ra
TH1: C hai th nghim kt ta u cha cc i
0,5
n OH
= 0,3 + 0,2 = 0,5mol n =
3
0,14 loa i
TH2: Lng kt ta sau khi thm OH b tan 1 phn

n = 0,3 + 0, 2 = 3x + ( x 0,14 ) x = 0,16 mol
n
OH
.v
Cu 3: Chn p n D
Cu ny nhn c v kh nhng suy lun mt cht th li rt n gin cc bn
om
nh .
nAl 3+ = 0,5 x mol
Ta c Khi cho thm Ba(OH) 2 vo th tng s mol Ba2+ l 0,09.
n
SO42 = 0, 75 x mol .c
Ta nhn thy khi
ok
=
x 0, 09 mol nSO= 2 = 0, 0675 mol mBaS=
0, 09.0, 75 O4 15, 7275 g > 10, 485
4
T c ngay p n l D
bo
=
x 0, 09 mol nSO=2 = 0, 0675 mol mBaS=
0, 09.0, 75 O4 15, 7275 g > 10, 485
4
Cu 4: Chn p n B
et
ng trc bi ton ny ta nn th p n l nhanh nht (Lm mu mc s mt

nhiu thi gian)
vi
n 2+ = 0,03 mol n 3+ = 0,5 x mol

Ba Al
ng
; x=0,09 mol
nOH = 0,06 mol nSO2 = 0,75 x mol
4

nBa2+ = 0,04 mol
a

them x=0,09 mol
nOH = 0,08 mol
kh

nBaSO = 0,03 mol
m = 8,55g 4
n = 0,02 mol
Al (OH )3
tha mn
= nBaSO4 0,09.0,75
= 0,0675 mol
m = 18,8475g
nAl (OH )3 = 0,04 mol
Cu 5. Chn p n A
Cho thm OH- vo Al3+ lng tng nn c 2 Trng hp
TH1 : c 2 ln cha cc i
366
n = 0,2 mol n OH- = 0,6 mol a = 3 M

n = 0,3 mol n OH- = 0,9 mol a = 2,25 Loi
TH2 : Kt tu ln 2 b tan 1 phn
n = 0,2 mol n OH- = 0,6 mol a = 3 M
Ln 2 OH- lm 2 nhim v (to v ha tan 1 phn )
0,4. 3 = 3. 0,5.b + (0,5b 0,3) b = 0,75 M
Cu 6: Chn p n B
V m 1 = 3m 2 nn s c hai trng hp xy ra :
Trng hp 1: Nu th nghim 1 kt ta cha cc i
m
Ta c: 1,=
44 3. 1 m = 37, 44 g =
n
1 n1 0, 48 mol
78
.v
Vi th nghim 2:
0, 48
om
Ta c: 1,6 = 3n Al3+ + n Al3+ n Al3+ = 0, 44 V l , v n1 = 0, 48mol .
3
Trng hp 1 : C 2 th nghim kt ta u b tan 1 phn.
( )
.c
Vi th nghim 1: 1, 44= 3n Al3+ + n Al3+ n1 1, 44= 4n Al3+ n1
ok
n n
Vi th nghim 2: 1,6= 3n Al3+ + n Al3+ 1 1,6= 4n Al3+ 1
3 3
bo
n1 = 0, 24 mol
m 0, 21( 27.2 +=
= 96.3) 71,82g
n Al3+ = 0, 42 mol
et
Cu 7: Chn p n D
n NaOH = 0, 6 mol
vi
Ta c: Kt ta b tan mt phn.
n Al(OH)3 = 0,14 mol
ng
n NaOH = 0, 6 = 2.V.3 + ( 2V 0,14 ) V = 0, 0925lit

Cu 8: Chn p n A
a
n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol
kh
Ta c ngay :
0,1 nOH 0,14
0,1
nban au = nmax = 0,04 nmin = 0,02 mol
3
mmin= 0, 02.78
= 1,56 g
Cu 9: Chn p n C
Th tch NaOH ln nht khi n lm hai nhim v (a kt ta ln cc i v
ha tan kt ta )
367
n 3+ = 0, 2 mol
Ta c ngay : Al nOH
max
= 0, 2.3 + (0, 2 0,1) = 0, 7 mol

n = 0,1 mol
Cu 10: Chn p n A
n 3+ = 0, 2 mol nOH = 0, 2.3 + 0,1= 0, 7 mol
Ta c ngay : Al
n = 0,1 mol = = 0,3 mol
nOH 0,1.3
Cu 11: Chn p n B
Nhn thy ngay ln kt ta u cha cc i v ln kt ta sau b tan 1 phn .
n 3+ = 0,1x mol n < nmax 0, 24
n
C ngay : Al
= n = 0, 08 mol
nOH = 0, 24 mol 3
.v
Sau khi cho thm NaOH :
om
n Al 3+ = 0,1x mol n < nmax
=
0,34 0,1.x.3 + (0,1x 0, 06)=
x 1
nOH = 0,34 mol
Cu 12: Chn p n A .c
NaOH dng nh nht khi Al3+ c d.
n 3+ = 0, 02 mol
ok
Ta c ngay : Al nOH
min
= 0, 01.3= 0, 03 mol [ NaOH ]= 0,15 M

n = 0, 01 mol
bo
Cu 13: Chn p n B
n Al 3+ = 0,12 mol
Ta c ngay: NaOH ln nht khi lng kt ta b tan mt phn.
et
n=
0,1 < n Al 3+
nNaOH
max
= 0,12.3 + (0,12 0,1)= 0,38 mol [ NaOH ]= 1,9 M
vi
Cu 14: Chn p n C
ng
n Al 3+ = 0,15 mol
Ta c ngay :
n Al2 O= 0, 05 mol n= 0,1 < n Al 3+
BTNT . Al

a
NaOH ln nht khi lng kt ta b tan mt phn.

kh
nNaOH
max
= 0,15.3 + (0,15 0,1) = 0,5 V = 250 ml
Cu 15: Chn p n D
n Al 3+ = 0, 02 mol
Ta c ngay :
n Al= 0, 005 mol =
n 0, 01 < n Al 3+
BTNT . Al
2 O3

nNaOH
= 0, 02.3 + (0, 02 0, 01)
max
= 0, 07 mol =
V 700 ml
Cu 16: Chn p n C
368
n Al 3+ = 0, 08 mol
Ta c ngay :
n Al= 0, 01 mol =
n 0, 02 < n Al 3+
BTNT . Al
2 O3

nNaOH
= 0, 08.3 + (0, 08 0, 02)
max
= 0,3 mol =
V 1(lit )
Cu 17: Chn p n C
n Al 3+ = 0,34 mol
Ta c ngay :
n=

0,3 < n Al 3+
n
nNaOH
= 0,34.3 + (0,34 0,3)
max
= 1, 06 mol =
V 2, 65(lit )
.v
Cu 18: Chn p n A
n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol
om
Ta c ngay : nOHmax
> 3n Al 3+ nmax = n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol
0,125 n OH
0,16
Cu 19: Chn p n C .c
n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol
Ta c ngay:
ok
= n Al2 O3 0, 015 mol =
BTNT . Al
n 0, 03 mol < n Al 3+
n=
max
0, 25 x.3 + (0, 25 x =
0,1) 0,5 mol
= x 0, 6
bo
Cu 20: Chn p n B
n Al 3+ = 0, 04 mol
et
Ta c ngay :
= n Al2 O3 0, 015 mol =
BTNT . Al
n 0, 03 mol < n Al 3+
vi
C hai trng hp xy ra.

ng
Trng hp 1: Kt ta cha cc i.
n NaOH =0, 03.3 =0, 09 mol [ NaOH ] =0,9 M
a
Trng hp 1: Kt ta cc i v b tan 1 phn.

n NaOH = 0, 04.3 + ( 0, 04 0, 03 ) = 0,13 mol [ NaOH ] = 1,3 M
kh
Cu 21: Chn p n C
n Al 3+ = 0,3 mol
Ta c ngay :
=
n 0, 2 < n Al 3+
Ba(OH) 2 ln nht khi lng kt ta b tan mt phn.
nOH= 0,3.3 + (0,3 0, 2)
max
= 1mol nBa ( OH )=
2
0,5 mol V= 2 lit
Cu 22: Chn p n A
369
n 3+ = 0, 045 mol n BaSO = 0, 0825 mol

Al 4
Ta c : n= Mg2 +
0, 015 mol =
n =
Al(OH)3 0, 045 mol
n

n SO24 = 0, 0825 mol n Mg(OH)2 = 0, 015 mol
n BaSO4 = 0, 0825 mol

= m =
BTNT
22,1175 n Al2O3 0, 0225 mol

n MgO = 0, 015 mol
Cu 23: Chn p n D
n
n 3+ = 0, 04 mol
n BaSO4 = 0, 03 mol
Al
.v
Ta c : n Ba= 2+ 0, 03 mol mM=
ax

n Al(OH)3 = 0, 04 mol
n SO24 = 0, 06 mol
om

BT.Nhm.OH
=
n KOH 0, 04.3 0, 06 =
0, 03 0, 03 mol=
m 1,17g
Cu 24: Chn p n B .c
D thy vi V ml NaOH th kt ta cha max.
Vi 3V ml NaOH th kt ta max v b tan mt phn.
ok
2V
Ta c: Vi th nghim 1 : 0,1.3 = V = 150(ml)
1000
bo
3.2V
Vi th nghim 2 : = 0,4x.3 + (0,4x 0,1) = x 0,625
1000
et
Cu 25: Chn p n A
n Al 3+ = 0,1 mol
vi
Ta c ngay :
= n Al2 O3 0, 01 mol =
BTNT . Al
n 0, 02 mol < n Al 3+
ng

nNaOH
max
= 0,1.3 + (0,1 0, 02) = 0,38 mol [ NaOH ] = 1,9 M
a
kh
CON NG T DUY S 19
BI TON KIM,KIM TH V OXIT CA N TD VI Al 3+
Con ng t duy : Bn cht : Kim loi v oxit
H2 O
OH v bi ton quy
v dng 1.
Cho OH tc dng t t vi Al 3+
Ta hiu nh sau : Khi cho OH vo dung dch cha Al 3+ n s lm hai nhim v
Nhim v 1: a kt ta ln cc i Al3+ + 3OH Al ( OH )3
370
Nhim v 2 : Ha tan kt ta Al ( OH )3 + OH AlO2 + 2H 2 O
Khi gii bi ton ny cn phi xt xem OH thc hin my nhim v.Nu n

thc hin 2 nhim v ta c phng trnh sau : n OH (
= 3.n Al3+ + n Al3+ n )
Ch : Gp bi ton (Na,K,Al) tc dng vi nc ta lun thu c cht
NaAlO2 : a

BTE
a + 3a= 2n H2 nhn xt ny gip ta tit kim rt nhiu thi
KAlO2 : a
gian.
Ch : Nu c axit H + th OH tc dng vi H + trc.
n
HNG DN P DNG
.v
Cu 1: Cho m gam Na vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,5M v AlCl 3
om
0,4M thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. m c gi tr l:
A.12,65 gam hoc 19,55 gam B. 12,65 gam hoc 21,85 gam
C. 7,728 gam D. 10,235 gam hoc 10,304 gam
.c
n H+ = 0, 25 mol
n OH = 0, 25 + 0,1.3 = 0,55 mol
ok
Ta c:=
n Al3+ 0, 2 mol
n OH = 0, 25 + 0, 2.3 + (0, 2 0,1) = 0, 95 mol
n = 0,1mol
bo
= = 12, 65g
m 0,55.23

= m 0,=
95.23 21,85g
et
Cu 2: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na v Al vo nc thu c dung dch X.

5,376 lt H 2 (ktc) v 3,51 gam cht rn khng tan. Nu oxi ha m gam X cn bao
vi
nhiu lt kh Cl 2 (ktc)?
ng
A. 9,968 lt B. 8,624 lt C. 9,520 lt D. 9,744 lt

Ch : Cht rn khng tan l Al d.
a
n NaAlO2 = a mol

= a + 3a 0, 24.2
= a 0,12 mol
BTE
kh
Ta c : X
H 2O
n H2 = 0, 24 mol

n Al = 0,13 mol
n Al = 0,12 + 0,13 = 0, 25 mol BTNT n AlCl3 = 0, 25 mol BTNT
X n Cl2 = 0, 435 mol
n Na = 0,12 mol n NaCl = 0,12 mol
V=
9, 744 lit
Cu 3: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Ba v Al ( trong Al chim 37,156% v khi
lng) tc dng vi H 2 O d thu c V lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc nu cho m gam hn
hp X trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c 12,32 lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m v V ln lt l:
371
A. 21,8 v 8,96 B. 19,1 v 8,96 C. 21,8 v 10,08 D. 19,1 v 10,08

n = a mol
Ta c: m X Ba m + NaOH du
BTE
2a + 3b= 0,55.2
n Al = b mol
27b a = 0,1mol
Theo bi: =
0,37156 50, 9a 16, 968b =
0
27b + 137a b = 0,3 mol
=
a 0,1mol =
n OH 0, 2 mol =
n AlO 0, 2 mol
BTE
=
2n H2 0,1.2 + 0, 2.3
2

= =
V 0, 4.22, 4 8, 96 lit =
m 0,1.137 + 0,3.27
= 21,8g
Cu 4: Cho hn hp Na , Al vao nc d thu c 4,48 lit H 2 (ktc) va dung dich
X chi cha 1 cht tan. Suc CO 2 d vao dung dich X thi thu c bao nhiu gam kt
n
tua?
.v
om
Nhn xt: Cht tan duy nht l NaAlO 2 n= Al n=
Na a

BTE
=
a + 3a 0, 2.2
= a 0,1mol =
BTNT.Al
n n=
Al(OH)3 0,1mol
Cu 5: Cho a gam Na vo 160 ml dung dch gm Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,125M v Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
.c
0,25M. Tch kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 5,24 gam cht
ok
rn. Gi tr a l:
A. 11,5 B. 9,2 C. 9,43 D. 10,35
Ta c:
bo
n Fe3+ = 0, 04 mol BTNT (Fe+Al) n Fe2O3 = 0, 02 mol

5, 24 m Fe2O3 0, 02.160 = 3, 2g
n Al3+ 0,= 08 mol n Al2O3 0, 02 mol
et
n Fe( OH ) = 0, 04 mol
vi

BTNT
3
Al(OH)3 = 0, 04 mol
n
ng
Xt trng hp Kt ta b tan 1 phn.

BT.Nhm.OH
=
n OH 0,04.3 + 0,08.3 + (0,08 0,04)
= 0,4 mol
a

BTNT.Na
m = 9,2 gam
kh
Cu 6: Ha tan m gam hn hp Al, Na vo nc thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Mt

khc ha tan m gam hn hp trn vo 100 ml dung dch NaOH 4M (d) th thu
c 7,84 lt kh ( ktc) v dung dch X. Tm % khi lng Na trong hn hp
A. 50,49% B. 70,13% C. 29,87% D. 39,86%
n : a mol BTE TN.1 = a + 3a 0, 2.2= a 0,1mol
Ta c : Na

n Al : b mol TN.2 =
a + 3b 0,35.2= b 0, 2 mol
m = 2,3g 2,3
Na %Na
= = 29,87%
m Al = 5, 4g 2,3 + 5,4
372
Cu 7: Chia hn hp X gm Na, Al v Fe thnh hai phn bng nhau.

- Cho phn 1 vo dung dch KOH (d) thu c 24,64 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Cho phn 2 vo mt lng d H 2 O, thu c 17,92 lt kh H2 (ktc) v m
gam hn hp kim loi Y. Ho tan hon ton Y vo dung dch HCl (d) thu
c 9,408 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Khi lng (tnh theo gam) ca Na, Al, Fe trong mi phn hn hp X ln lt l:
A. 7,82; 18,9; 7,84. B. 9,20; 18,9; 6,72.
C. 9,20; 16,2; 6,72. D. 7,82; 16,2; 7,84.
D thy trong Y cha Al v Fe.
n Na = a mol
n

Gi s trong mi phn c : n Al = b mol
.v
n = c mol
Fe
om
X 17, 92
Vi phn 2 ta c: + H 2 O =
BTE
a + 3a = .2 a 0, 4 mol
2 22, 4
X 24, 64 .c
Vi phn 1: + KOH =
BTE
a + 3b = .2 b 0, 6 mol
2 22, 4
ok
17, 92 + 9, 408
Phn 2 kt hp vi Y :
=BTE
a + 3b + 2c = .2 c 0,12 mol
22, 4
bo
m Na = 9, 2 g

Khi lng cc kim loi tng ng l : m Al = 16, 2 g
m = 6, 72 g
et
Fe
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo lng d nc th thot ra V
vi
lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam X vo dung dch NaOH d th thu c 2,2V lt kh.
ng
Thnh phn phn trm khi lng Na trong X l (cc kh o cng iu kin)
A. 22,12%. B. 24,68%. C. 39,87%. D. 29,87%.
Ta gi s V = 22,4 (lt) tng ng vi 1 mol.
a
n = a mol BTE TN.1 =a + 3a 1.2 = a 0,5 mol

kh
Ta c : Na

= n Al b mol TN.2 =
a + 3b 2, 2.2=b 1,3 mol
m = 11,5 11,5
Na =
%Na = .100 24,68%
m Al = 35,1 11,5 + 35,1
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1: Cho 14,8 gam hh gm Al 2 O 3 v Na vo nc d thu c dd ch cha mt
cht tan duy nht v thot ra V lit kh H 2 (ktc). Tnh V:
A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 3,36 D. 4,48
373
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm K v Al. Cho m (g) X tc dng vi H 2 O d thu c 0,4

mol H 2 . Cho m (g) X tc dng vi dung dch KOH d thu c 0,475 mol H 2 .
Xc nh gi tr ca m?
A. 15,55 B. 14,55 C. 15,45 D. 14,45
Cu 3. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo dung dch HCl d
thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m + 31,95) gam hn hp cht
rn khan. Ha tan hon ton 2m gam hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z.
Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 500 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M n phn ng hon
ton thu c kt ta c khi lng l
A. 23,4 gam B. 39.0 gam C. 15,6 gam D. 31,2 gam
Cu 4. Cho 86,3 gam hn hp X gm Na, K, Ba v Al 2 O 3 (trong Oxi chin
n
19,47% v khi lng) tan ht vo nc thu c dung dch Y v 13,44 lt H 2
.v
(ktc). Cho 3,2 lt dung dch HCl 0,75M vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 54,6 B. 10,4 C. 23,4 D. 27,3
Cu 5: Hn hp A gm Na v Al ho tan ht trong lng nc d thu c a mol
H 2 v dung dch B cha 2 cht tan. B tc dng ti a vi dung dch cha b mol
.c
HCl. T s a :b c gi tr l:
ok
A. 1 :3 B. 1 :2 C. 1 :1 D. 1 :4
Cu 6: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Na v K vo dung dch HCl d
thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m+31,95) gam hn hp cht
bo
rn khan. Ha tan hon ton 2m gam hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z.

Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 0,5 lt dung dch CrCl 3 1M n phn ng hon
et
ton thu c kt ta c khi lng l:

A. 51,5gam. B. 30,9gam C. 54,0gam D. 20,6gam.
vi
Cu 7: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na 2 O v Al ho tan ht vo H 2 O d thu c

200 ml dung dch A ch cha 1 cht tan duy nht c nng 0,2M. Gi tr ca m l:
ng
A. 3,56 B. 5,36 C. 2,32 D. 3,52

Cu 8. Hn hp X gm Ba, Na v Al, trong s mol ca Al bng 6 ln s mol
a
Ba. Cho m gam X vo nc d cho n phn ng hon ton, thu c 1,792 lt kh

kh
H 2 (ktc) v 0,54 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 3,81 B. 5,27 C. 3,45 D. 3,90
Cu 9. Ha tan hoan toan 4,41 gam hn hp Na 2 O v NaNO 3 (t l mol 1:1) vao
nc d thu c dung dich X . Cho 2,43 gam Al vao dung dich X . Th tich khi
ktc ti thiu co th thu c la (bit cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan):
A. 1,344 lt. B. 2,016 lt. C. 1,008 lt. D. 0,672 lt.
Cu 10. Cho 2,7g bt Al vo 100 ml dd NaOH 2M, thu c dd A. Thm dd cha
0,35 mol HCl vo A th lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 7,8g. B. 3,9g. C. 11,7g. D. 0,00g.
374
Cu 11. Cho hh bt Al v Fe vo cc cha 10 ml dd NaOH 2M, sau p hon ton

thu c 0,336 lt H 2 (ktc). Thm tip vo cc 100 ml dd HCl 1M khuy u cho
cc p xy ra hon ton th thu c dd X. trung ha lng HCl c trong X cn
dung 10 ml dd NaOH 1M. Khi lng Fe c trong hh ban u l:
A.1,12g. B. 4,48g. C. 2,24g. D. 2,475g.
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm Na,Ba v Al .
Nu cho m gam hn hp X vo nc d ch thu c dung dch Y v 12,32 lt
H 2 (ktc).
Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch
Z v H 2 . C cn dung dch Z thu c 67,1 gam mui khan. m c gi tr l:
n
Cu 13: Cho m gam Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl 18,25% va thu c dung
.v
dch A v kh H 2 . Thm m gam Na vo dung dch A thu c 3,51 gam kt
ta.Khi lng ca dung dch A l:
om
Cu 14: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Na 2 O v Al 2 O 3 vo nc, thu
c dung dch X. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo X, khi ht 100 ml th bt u
.c
xut hin kt ta; khi ht 300 ml hoc 700 ml th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi
ok
tr ca a v m ln lt l:
A. 23,4 v 35,9. B. 15,6 v 27,7. C. 23,4 v 56,3. D. 15,6 v 55,4.
Cu 15: Hn hp X(Na,K,Ba)trong X c s mol ca Ba bng mt na s mol ca
bo
hn hp. Cho m gam hn hp X tan ht trong H 2 O ,thu c dd Y v kh H 2 . Cho

ton b kh H 2 to ra i qua mt ng cha 0,3mol CuO v 0,2 mol FeO nung
et
nng,sau phn ng thu c 33,6gam cht rn trong ng. em ton b dung dch Y
cho vo mt dung dch cha 0,2mol HCl;0,02 mol AlCl 3 v 0,05 mol Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
vi
thu c y gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng hon ton. Gi tr ca y l:

ng
A. 41,19 B. 52,30 C. 37,58 D. 58,22

Cu 16: Cho 19,45 gam hn hp X gm Na v Ba vo 75 ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
1M thu c 5,04 lt kh H 2 (ktc), dung dch A v m gam kt ta. m c gi tr l
a
A. 35 gam. B. 64,125 gam. C. 52,425 gam D. 11,7 gam.

kh
Cu 17: Cho 7,872 gam hn hp X gm K v Na vo 200ml dung dch Al(NO 3 ) 3

0,4M thu c 4,992 gam kt ta. Phn trm s mol K trong hn hp X l :
A. 46,3725% B. 48,4375%
C. 54,1250% D. 40,3625% hoc 54,1250%
Cu 18: Cho 23,45 gam hn hp X gm Ba v K vo 125 ml dung dch AlCl 3 1M
thu c V lt kh H 2 (ktc); dung dch A v 3,9 gam kt ta. V c gi tr l:
A. 10,08 lt B. 3,92 lt C. 5,04 lt D.6,72 lt
Cu 19: Cho m gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim(M<100) thuc 2 chu k lin
tip tc dng vi 180 ml dung dch Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 1M thu c 15,6 gam kt ta; kh
H 2 v dung dch A. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi 240 gam dung dch
375
HCl 18,25% thu c dung dch B v H 2 . C cn dung dch B thu c 83,704

gam cht rn khan. Phn trm khi lng ca kim loi kim c khi lng phn t
nh l:
A. 28,22% B. 37,10% C. 16,43% D. 12,85%
Cu 20. (Trch KA 2014 ) Cho m gam hn hp gm Al v Na vo nc d, sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 (ktc) v 2,35 gam
cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,85. B. 4,35. C. 3,70 D. 6,95.
Cu 21. Ha tan m gam hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Al vo nc thu c dung dch
cha 2 cht tan c s mol bng nhau v 26,88 (lt) kh ktc.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 28,4 B. 42,8 C. 44,8 D. 48,2
n
P N CHI TIT
.v
Cu 1: Chn p n B
om
n Al O : a mol
Cht tan duy nht l: NaAlO2
BTNT
=
n Al n Na 2 3
n Na : 2a mol
102a + 2a.23
= 14,8= a 0,1mol
BTKL .c

BTE
=
n H2 0,1
= =
V 0,1.22, 4 2,24 (lt)
ok
Cu 2: Chn p n B
D thy s mol H 2 th nghim 2 nhiu hn nn trong th nghim 1 Al d.
bo
n : a mol H2O n KAlO2 : a mol BTE

Ta c: X K = a + 3a 0, 4.2
= a 0, 2 mol
n Al : b mol n Al
et
n K : a mol KOH
X BTE
a=+ 3b 0, 475.2=
b 0, 25=
m 14,55g
vi
Al
n : b mol
Cu 3. Chn p n C
ng
31,95
Vi m gam : BTKL

= n Cl = 0,9 mol
35,5
a
Vi 2m: n OH = 0,9.2 = 1,8 mol

kh
n Al3+ = 0,5 1,8 = 0,5.3 + ( 0,5 n ) n = 0,2 m = m Al(OH)3 = 0,2.78 = 15,6(g)

Cu 4. Chn p n C
=
m O 16,8g
= n O 1, 05mol
BTNT.Oxi
n=
Al2 O3 0,35 mol
BTNT.Al
n=
AlO
0, 7 mol
2
=
n H2 0,6 mol tng s mol in tch m l 1,2
n AlO : 0, 7 mol

BTDT
Y 2
;= = 0,5 + 0, 7 + 3(0, 7 n ) =
n H+ 2, 4 mol n 0,3 mol
OH : 0,5 mol
n
Cu 5: Chn p n B
376
NaOH
Ta c: Dung dch B cha 2 cht tan l
NaAlO 2
n Na : x mol BTE
Khi A + H 2 O ta c : A x + 3y= 2a
n Al : y mol
n NaCl : x mol
Khi B + HCl ta c : BTNT
x + 3y = b b = 2a
n AlCl3 : y mol
Cu 6: Chn p n D
31, 95
Bo ton khi lng v BT in tch s cho ta n OH = n=
Cl
= 0, 9 mol
35,5
n
Vi 2m n OH = 1,8 v n Cr3+ = 0,5 Do OH lm 2 nhim v:
.v
Nhim v 1: a kt ta nn cc i tn 0,5.3 = 1,5 mol
om
Nhim v 2: Ha tan 1 phn kt ta 1,8 1,5 = 0,3 mol Cr ( OH )3
Do : n = 0,5 0,3 = 0, 2 m = 0, 2(52 + 17.3) = 20, 6g
Cu 7: Chn p n C
.c
Cht tan duy nht l NaAlO 2
ok
n Al = 0, 04 mol
n= 0, =
2.0, 2 0, 04
BTNT
= m 2,32
n Na2O = 0, 02 mol
NaAlO2
bo
Cu 8. Chn p n C
n Ba : a mol
et
0,54
n : 6a mol BTE : 0, 08.2 = 2a + b + (6a ).3
Al 27
Xn
vi
n Na : b mol nOH = n p/u 2a + b = (6a 0,54 ).3

n H : 0, 08 mol Al
27
ng
2
a = 0, 01mol
m=
3, 45g
b = 0, 02 mol
a
Cu 9. Chn p n C
kh
nNa2 O = 0, 03 mol
4, 41 n Al =
0, 09 mol
nNaNO3 = 0, 03 mol
Ch phn ng: 8 Al + 3 NO3 + 5OH + 2 H 2O 8 AlO2 + 3 NH 3
Khi Al v OH- d th:
3 nNH 3 = 0, 03 mol
Al + OH + H 2O AlO2 + H2
2 nH 2 = 0, 015 mol
Cu 10. Chn p n B
377
nAl = 0,1 mol nAlO = 0,1 mol

2 0,35 0,1 0,1
Ta c: nOH = 0, 2 mol nOH = 0,1= mol n = 0, 05 mol
3
H
n + = 0,35 mol
Cu 11. Chn p n A
nH 2 = 0, 015 mol nAlO2 = 0, 01 mol

nOH = 0, 02 mol nOH = 0, 01 mol
du
nH + = 0, 01 + 0, 01 + 0, 01.4 + 2nFe = 0,1 mol nFe = 0, 02 mol A
n
Cu 12: Chn p n D
.v
V X tc dng vi nc ch thu c dung dch nn Al tan ht.Khi lng H 2
bay ra hai trng hp l nh nhau,ta c ngay :
om
n H2 = 0,55 mol n Cl = 0,55.2= 1,1mol m= 67,1 1,1.35,5= 28, 05g
Cu 13: Chn p n C
BTNT.Al
n Al3+ =
m
.c
Ta c : 27 Kt ta cha cc i.
ok
m 3.m
BTNT.Na
n OH= <

23 27
bo
m
n = 0, 045 mol n OH = = 3.0, 045 m = 3,105 g
23
et
=
n Al 0,115 mol
=BTE
n H2 0,1725 mol
0,1725.2.36,5.100
vi
BTNT.H
m dd
HCl
= 69g
18, 25
ng

BTKL
m=
dd
A 69 + 3,105 0,1725.2
= 71, 76g
Cu 14: Chn p n B
a
nH += 0,1 mol nOH

du
= 0,1 mol .
kh
nNa2O : x mol nH + = 0,3

Gi m ; nAl ( OH )3 = 0,3 0,1 = 0, 2 mol
n Al2O3 : y mol m =a
nH + = 0, 7 mol
0, 7 = 0,1 + 3 ( 2 y 0, 2 ) + 2 y y = 0,15 x = 0,2
m =a mol
Cu 15: Chn p n A
Ta c:
378
n = 0,3 mol 34,8 33, 6

m 34,8 CuO
= n=
H2 = 0,3 mol n OH
= 0, 6 mol
n FeO = 0, 2 mol 16
n : a mol n : 0, 2 mol
R a + 2a= 0, 6 R
n Ba : a mol n Ba : 0, 2 mol
n H+ : 0, 2 mol
+ 0, 6 OH 0,
= 4 0,12.3 + (0,12 x) =
x 0, 08 mol
n Al3+ : 0, 02 + 0, 05.2 = 0,12

n SO24 : 0,15 n BaSO4 : 0,15
n BaSO4 : 0,15 mol
y=
n
41,19
n Al(OH)3 : 0, 08 mol
.v
Cu 16: Chn p n A
om
n : a mol BTE 23a + 137b = 19, 45
Ta c: 19, 45g Na

n Ba : b mol a + 2b =
0, 45
n = a= 0, 25 mol .c
Na n OH =a + 2b =0, 45 mol
n Ba= b= 0,1mol
ok
n Al3+ : 0,15 mol n Al(OH)3 : 0,15 mol
m=
35g
n SO24 : 0, 225 mol n BaSO4 : 0,1mol
bo
Cu 17: Chn p n B
n 3+ = 0, 08 mol
et
Ta c : Al C 2 trng hp xy ra .
n = 0, 064 mol
vi
Tuy nhin,mnh s lm c th xem d on c ng khng.

Trng hp 1 : Nu kt ta cha cc i (OH ch lm 1 nhim v)
ng
=
n OH 0,= 064.3 0,192 mol;
a
n : a mol= a + b 0,192= a 0, 216 mol

X K (loi)
kh
n Na : b mol 39a + 23b = 7,872 b = 0, 024

Trng hp 2: Kt ta b tan 1 phn (OH ch lm 2 nhim v)
n OH = 0, 08.3 + 0, 08 0, 064= 0, 256 mol
K=:a a + b 0, 256
= a 0,124 mol
X
Na : b 39a= + 23b 7,872= b 0,132 mol
0,124
=
%K = .100 48, 4375%
0,124 + 0,132
Cu 18: Chn p n C
379
n 3+ = 0,125 mol
Ta c: Al
n = 0, 05 mol
137a + 39b = 23, 45
n=OH
= 0,15 mol
0, 05.3 b<0
2a + b =0,15

137a= + 39b 23, 45=a 0,1mol
n OH= 0,125.3 + 0,125 0, 05= 0, 45 mol
= 2a + b 0, =
45 b 0, 25 mol
0,45
=
V = .22,4 5,04
2
Cu 19: Chn p n A
n
n 3+ = 0,36 mol n= 0,=
2.3 0, 6 mol
.v

Vi th nghim 1: Al OH
n = 0, 2 mol n OH=
0,36.3 + 0,36 0, 2= 1, 24 mol
om
Vi th nghim 2:
m
83, 704
BTKL
m = 62, 404(*)
.c
n
Cl : 0, 6
=
n HCl 1, 2 mol m
ok

83, 704 n Cl :1, 2
BTKL
m = 40, 424(**)

n OH :1, 24 1, 2 =0, 04
bo
40,424
D thy (*)=
M = 104 Loi
et
1,2
40,424
Vi (**)
= M = 32,6
vi
1,2
ng
n= : a a + b 1, 24= a 0, 496 mol

Na
nK : b =
23a + 39b 40, 424
= b 0, 744 mol
a
%Na = 28,22%
kh
Cu 20. Chn p n A
NaAlO2 : a mol
Sau phn ng c:
Al : 2,35

BTE
a=
+ 3a 0,1.2=
a 0,05=
m 4,85
Cu 21. Chn p n D
Ta c :
380
n NaAlO : a mol
2
BTNT + BTE
X
H 2O
n Ba(AlO2 )2 : a mol a.1 + a.2 + 3a.3
= 1, 2.2
= a 0, 2 mol

n H2 :1, 2 mol

BTKL

= m 23a + 137a + 27.3a
= 48,2 g
CON NG T DUY S 20
BI TP H + TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA AlO2
Con ng t duy :
Cho b H+ vo y AlO2 th H+ lm hai nhim v
n
Nhim v 1 : a lng kt ta nn cc i H + + AlO 2 + H 2 O Al ( OH )3
.v
Nhim v 2 : Ha tan kt ta Al ( OH )3 + 3H + Al3 + + 3H 2 O
om
y 3 ( y n )
Nu H+ thc hin hai nhim v ta c : b =+
Ch : .c
+ Lng H+ sinh ra bi cc mui c mi trng axit th khng ha tan kt ta c
ok
V d ( NH 4 Cl,CuCl 2 ... )
+ Cn xc nh xem H+ lm my nhim v.
bo
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm K, Al nng 10,5 gam. Ho tan hon ton X trong nc
et
c dung dch Y. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo Y nhn thy khi thm c
100 ml th bt u c kt ta, v khi thm c V ml th thu c 3,9 gam kt ta
vi
trng keo. Gi tr ca V v phn trm khi lng K trong X l

A. 50 ml hoc 250 ml v 74,29% B. 50 ml hoc 250 ml v 66,67%
ng
C. 150 ml hoc 350 ml v 66,67% D. 150 ml hoc 250 ml v 74,29%

Khi bt u c kt ta l lc HCl phn ng ht vi KOH d.
a
n KAlO2 = a mol b = 0,1mol

HCl
Trong dung dch Y c : BTKL

kh
n KOH = b mol 39(a + b) + 27a = 10,5

= a 0,1mol n = 0,1mol
X Al
= =
b 0,1mol n K 0, 2 mol
3,9
=
n = 0,05 mol C 2 trng hp xy l kt ta cha cc i v kt ta
78
b tan 1 phn. Chn D
Cu 2. Dung dch X cha 0,2 mol NaAlO 2 ; 0,1 mol NaOH. Th tch (ml) HCl 1M
t nht cn dng cho vo dung dch X thu c 7,8 gam kt ta sau phn ng l:
A. 700 B. 100 C. 600 D. 200
381
HCl t nht ngha l kt ta cha tan: AlO 2 + H + + H 2 O Al ( OH )3

n = 0,1 mol n HCl = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0, 2 mol Chn D
Cu 3: Nh 147,5 ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 2M vo 200ml dung dch Y gm: KAlO 2

1M v NaOH 1,5M thu c a gam kt ta. Xc nh:
A. 4,46 B. 13,26 C. 15,8 D. 8,58
Nhim v ca H+ ln lt l tc dng vi : OH AlO 2 Al ( OH )3
n + = 0,59 mol
H
n
Ta c: n OH = 0,3mol

.v
n = 0, 2 mol
AlO2
0,59 = 0,3 + 0, 2 + 3(0, 2 n ) n = 0,17 m = 13, 26 Chn B
om
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch NaOH va thu c dung
dch X. Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
.c
Phn 1: Nh 200 ml HCl 1,3M vo thu c 1,8a gam cht rn.
Phn 2: Nh 200 ml HCl 2,5M vo thu c a gam cht rn.
ok
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,1 B. 10,8 C. 2,7 D. 5,4
bo
Ta gi s trng hp sau:
Th nghim 1 : Kt ta cha max v cha b tan.
Th nghim 2: Kt ta max v b tan 1 phn.Ta c :
et
1,8a
TN1 : n H+ = 0, 26 = nhn thy a rt l .Ta chuyn sang trng hp 2
vi
78
ngay .
ng
Trng hp 2: C hai ln th nghim kt ta max v b tan 1 phn:

m m 1,8a
TN1 : n H+ =0, 26 = 27 + 3. 27 78
a
m
Ta c : = 0, 2 m = 5, 4
kh
TN : n =0,5 = m + 3. m a 27
2 H+
27 27 78
Ch : X c chia thnh 2 phn Chn B
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1: Cho m g hn hp X gm Ba, BaO, Al vo nc d phn ng kt thc thu
c 3,024 lt kh (ktc) dung dch A v 0,54 g cht rn khng tan. Cho 110 ml
dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A c 5,46 g kt ta. m c gi tr l:
382
Cu 2: Dung dch X gm 0,1 mol H+, z mol Al3+, t mol NO 3 - v 0,02 mol SO 4 2-.
Cho 120 ml dung dch Y gm KOH 1,2M v Ba(OH) 2 0,1M vo X, sau khi cc
phn ng kt thc, thu c 3,732 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca z, t ln lt l
A. 0,020 v 0,120. B. 0,020 v 0,012.
C. 0,120 v 0,020. D. 0,012 v 0,096.
Cu 3: Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp Na 2 O,Al 2 O 3 vo nc c dd trong
sut X. Thm dn dd HCl 1M vo dd X nhn thy khi bt u xut hin kt ta th
th tch dd HCl 1M cho vo l 400ml sau cho thm vo 200ml hoc 600ml
dd HCl 1M th u thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a v m ln lt l:
A. 7,8 v 19,5 B. 15,6 v 39 C.15,6 v 37 D. 7,8 v 39.
Cu 4. Ha tan 0,24 mol MgSO 4 ; 0,16 mol AlCl 3 vo 400 ml dd HCl 1M c dd
n
A. Thm 500 ml dd NaOH 3M vo A thy xut hin kt ta B. em ton b B
.v
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn E. Gi tr
ca m l:
om
A. 9,60. B. 10,62. C. 17,76. D. 13,92.
Cu 5. Cho 200 ml dd X gm Ba(OH) 2 0,5M v NaAlO 2 (hay Na[Al(OH) 4 ]) 1,5M.
Thm t t dd H 2 SO 4 0,5M vo X cho n khi kt ta tan tr li mt phn, thu
.c
c kt ta Y. em nung Y n khi lng khng i c 24,32g cht rn Z.
Th tch dd H 2 SO 4 0,5M dng l:
ok
A. 1,34 lt. B. 1,10 lt. C. 0,55 lt. D. 0,67 lt.
Cu 6: Cho 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,9M; Ba(OH) 2 0,2M vo 100 ml dung dch
bo
H 2 SO 4 0,3M v Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi

lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 9,32 gam B. 12,44 gam C. 14 gam D. 10,88 gam
et
Cu 7. Cho 1,6 gam SO 3 vo 600 ml dung dch AlCl 3 0,1M c dung dch X.
Cho kim loi Ba vo X thot ra 0,25 gam kh v c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
ng
Cu 8: Cho 200 ml dung dch gm KOH 1M v NaOH 0,75M vo 100 ml dung

dch AlCl 3 1M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l :
a
A. 3,90. B. 11,70. C. 7,80. D. 5,85.

kh
Cu 9: Trn ln 100ml dung dch Ba(OH) 1M vi 100ml dung dch Al (SO )

2 2 4 3
0,2M, khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c x gam kt ta v dung
dch A. Sc CO d vo A thu c y gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x v y tng ng l
2
A.13,98 v 7,06. B.23,3 v 7,06.
C.23,3 v 3,12. D.13,98 v 3,12.
Cu 10: Cho 38,775 gam hn hp bt Al v AlCl 3 vo lng va dung dch
NaOH thu c dung dch A (kt ta va tan ht) v 6,72 lt H 2 (ktc). Thm
250ml dung dch HCl vo dung dch A thu c 21,84 gam kt ta. Nng M
ca dung dch HCl l:
A. 1,12M hoc 2,48M B. 2,24M hoc 2,48M
383
C. 2,24M hoc 3,84M D. 1,12M hoc 3,84M

Cu 11: Cho m gam NaOH vo 300ml NaAlO 2 0,5M c dung dch X. Cho t t
dung dch cha 500ml HCl 1,0M vo dung dch X, thu c dung dch Y v 7,8
gam cht kt ta. Sc CO 2 vo dung dch Y thy xut hin kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 12: Cho 16,9 gam hn hp Na v Al ha tan ht vo nc d thu c dung
dch X. Cho X phn ng ht vi 0,8 mol HCl thu c 7,8 gam kt ta v dung
dch Y.Sc CO 2 vo Y khng thy c kt ta xut hin. Tnh khi lng Al trong
hn hp ban u.
A. 3,95 gam B. 2,7 gam C. 12,4 gam D.5,4 gam
Cu 13: Ha tan m gam hn hp Al, Na vo nc thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). Mt
n
khc ha tan m gam hn hp trn vo 100 ml dd NaOH 4M ( d) th thu c 7,84
.v
lt kh( ktc) v dung dch X. Th tch dd 2 axit (HCl 0,5M v H 2 SO 4 0,25M
phn ng vi dung dch X c kt ta ln nht l:
om
A. 500ml B. 400 ml C. 300ml D. 250ml
Cu 14. Ha tan hon ton m gam ZnSO 4 vo nc c dd X. Nu cho 110 ml
dd KOH 2M vo X th thu c 3a mol kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dd KOH
.c
2M vo X th thu c 2a mol kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 32,20. B. 17,71. C. 24,15. D. 16,10.
ok
Cu 15. Ha tan ht m g ZnSO 4 vo nc c dd X. Cho 110 ml dd KOH 2M
vo X, thu c a mol kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 140 ml dd KOH 2M vo X th
bo
cng thu c a mol kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 20,125. B. 22,540. C. 17,710. D. 12,375.
Cu 16: Cho m gam kali vo 120 ml dung dch ZnSO 4 1M thy khi lng dung
et
dch sau phn ng tng 4,24 gam. Gi tr ca m l:

vi
A. 14,04. B. 9,36. C. 4,368. D. 12,48.

Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm mt kim loi ha tr 1 v oxit kim loi
ng
ha tr 2 vo nc d. Sau khi phn ng xong c 500 ml dd X ch cha mt cht

tan duy nht v 4,48 lt kh H 2 . Tnh nng mol ca dung dch X:
a
A. 0,2M B. 0,4 M C. 0,3M D. 0,25 M

Cu 18: Cho m gam Na vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl 2 0,1M.Sau khi cc phn ng
kh
xy ra hon ton thu c 0,99 gam kt ta.Gi tr ln nht ca m l:

A.1,38 B.1,15 C.1,61 D.0,92
Cu 19: Ha tan m gam hn hp X gm K 2 O v Zn vo nc dung dch A cha 1
cht tan , 6,72 lt kh v 1 gam cht rn khng tan.% khi lng ca Zn trong X l :
A. 42,36% B. 32,64% C. 43,26% C. 46,23%
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n C
384
ddA : Ba(AlO2 )2 : amol

=
n H2 0,135 + 0,11H +

Al du : 0,02mol
0,11 =2a + 3(2a n ) =2a + 3(2a 0,07)
Ba : a = 0,04

a 0,04 =
X Al : 2a + 0,02 0,1
O : b

BTE
2.0,04 + 2.0,04.3
= 2b + 0,135.2
= b 0,025 =
m 8,58
n
Cu 2: Chn p n A
.v

BTDT
: 0,1 + 3z
= t + 0, 02.2
n Ba2+ = 0, 012 mol n BaSO4 = 0, 012 mol
om
; 3, 732g
=
n OH 0,168 mol n Al(OH)3 0, 012 mol
V s mol OH = 0,168 0,1 = 0,068 > 3 ln s mol kt ta chc chn kt ta
.c
b tan 1 phn
0,168 0,1 =3z+(z-0,012)z=0,02 t = 0,12
ok
Ch : Cc bn hy hiu l OH lm hai nhim v. Nhim v 1 l a kt ta ti
Max (3z) .Nhim v 2 l ha tan 1 phn kt ta (z-0,012)
bo
Cu 3: Chn p n C
Dung dch X trong sut nn Na 2 O d ,Cho thm 200 ml HCl th kt ta cha
cc i,Cho thm 600 ml HCl th kt ta b tan mt phn do c ngay :
et
n NaAlO2 : x mol =a 0,= 2.78 15, 6g

X
vi
0, 4 mol) 0, 6 =
n NaOH : 0, 4 mol (n HCl = x + 3(x 0, 2)
ng
n Al O : 0,15 mol
= x 0,3 BTNT
m 2 3
n Na2O : 0,35 mol
a
Cu 4. Chn p n B
kh
nOH = 1,5 mol nMg ( OH )2 : 0, 24 mol

Ta c: B
nH = 0, 4 mol nAl ( OH )3 : (0,16 0,14 =
0, 02) mol
MgO : 0, 24
m=
10,62
Al2O3 : 0,01
Cu 5. Chn p n A
385
n = 0, 2 mol
OH nBaSO4 = 0,1 mol
nBa2+ = 0,1 mol ; 24,32 g
nAl2O3 = 0, 01 mol
nAlO2 = 0,3 mol
H + = 0, 2 + 0,3 + 3(0,3 0, 02) = 1,34 V = 1,34 lit
Cu 6: Chn p n C
n
n OH = 0, 26
n OHd
: 0, 2 mol
.v
n
H+ = 0, 06
n BaSO4 = 0,12 mol
Ta c : n= 0, 03 + 0, 09 mol
om
SO24
0, 2 = 0, 06.3 + (0, 06 n )
n Ba 2+ = 0, 04 mol
n = 0, 06 mol
Al3+ .c
n BaSO4 = 0, 04
m= 12, 44g
ok
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 04 mol
Cu 7. Chn p n D
bo
Ta c :
n=SO3 0, 02 mol n= H+
0, 04 mol n Ba 2+ = 0,125 mol
= n H 2 0,125 mol
et
n AlCl3 0,= 06 mol n OH 0, 25 mol

Nhim v ca OH l : -
vi
0, 25 =0, 04 + 0, 06.3 + (0, 06 n Al(OH)3 ) n Al(OH)3 =0, 03mol

ng
n BaSO4 = 0, 02 mol
Vy : m = 7
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 03mol
a
Cu 8: Chn p n A
kh
n OH = 0,35 mol
Ta c: n Al(OH)3 =
0, 05 mol
n Al3+ = 0,1mol
Cu 9: Chn p n D
n Ba2+ = 0,1mol
Ta c : = x 0, 06.233
= 13, 98
n SO24 = 0, 06 mol
n OH = 0, 2 mol
n Al(OH)3 = 0
n Al3+ = 0, 04 mol
386
Khi sc CO 2 vo A
BTNT.Al
= n Al(OH)3 0, 04=
mol y 3,12
Cu 10: Chn p n D
Ta=c: n H2 0,3 mol
=
BTE
n Al 0, 2 mol
n Al = 0, 2 mol
38, 775
BTNT,Al
n NaAlO2 = 0, 45 mol
n
AlCl3 = 0, 25 mol
Khi cho HCl vo :
n H+ = 0, 28 mol
n =0, 28 < 0, 45
n H+ =0, 45 + 3(0, 45 0, 28) =0, 96 mol
n
0, 28
[ HCl
= ]
= 1,12 M
.v
0, 25

0, 96
[ HCl
= ] 0,= 3,84 M
om
25
Cu 11: Chn p n D
Ch : Khi cho HCl vo th n tc dng vi NaOH trc.Sc CO 2 vo Y c kt ta
.c
NaAlO 2 c d.
m
ok
Ta c ngay: n H+ = n OH + n 0,5 = + 0,1 m = 16 g
40
Cu 12: Chn p n D
bo
Vi bi ton ny ta c th t duy bng cch BTNT.Clo nh sau.Sau khi phn

ng th Clo trong HCl s bin vo NaCl v AlCl 3 .Do ta c:
et
n Na = a mol n NaCl = a mol 23a=

+ 27b 16,9 = a 0,5 mol
16,9g
=n Al b mol n AlCl3= b 0,1 mol a + 3.(b 0,1)
= 0,8 = b 0,2 mol
vi
m Al= 0, 2.27= 5, 4g
ng
Cu 13: Chn p n A
V lng H2 trong th nghim 1 t hn th nghim 2 khi ha m vo H 2O th Al d.
a
n = a mol BTE =a + 3a 0, 2.2= a 0,1mol

Ta c: m Na

kh
= n Al b mol =a + 3b 0,35.2= b 0, 2 mol
BTNT (Na + Al)

n NaAlO2 = 0, 2 mol
X n=
H+
0,3 + 0,=
2 0,5 mol
n NaOH = 0,5 0, 2 = 0,3 mol
V.0,5 + V.0, 25.2 = 0,5 V = 0,5 lit
Cu 14. Chn p n D
387
0,22 =2 x + 2 ( x 3a ) x = 0,1 mol

nOH1
= 0,22 mol TH1 :
2 0,28 =2 x + 2 ( x 2 a ) a = 0,03 mol
=
Ta c: nOH 0,28 mol
n = x 0,22 = 2.3a
Zn2+ TH 2 : a < 0 (loa i)
0,28 =2 x + 2 ( x 2a )
Cu 15. Chn p n A
0, 22 = 2a
Ta c : =
x 0,125 =
m A
0, 28 =2 x + 2( x a )
Cu 16: Chn p n D
n
n 2+ = 0,12 mol
.v
Ta c: Zn
m = 4, 24g
om
Nu kt ta tan hon hon th mK > 0,48.39=18,72 (V l)
Tng t nu kt ta cha cc i cng v l ngay l do l khi lng kt ta
ln hn khi lng K cho vo nn dung dch khng th tng khi lng c.
n Zn2+ = 0,12 mol

.c
Do c ngay : m = 4, 24g
ok
n = a mol n = a mol n = 0,5a mol
K KOH H2
bo
a = 0,12.2 + 2(0,12 n ) a = 0,32 mol

m= 12, 48g
4, 24= 39a a 99n n = 0, 08 mol
et
Cu 17: Chn p n B
D dng suy ra kim loi l Zn.
vi
Ta c: n= H2 0, 2 mol n OH= 0, 4 mol n A2ZnO

= 2
0, 2 mol [ X
= ] 0, 4
ng
Cu 18: Chn p n A
n 2+ = 0, 02 mol
Ta c: Zn n OH =
Max
0, 02.2 + 2(0, 02 0, 01)= 0, 06 mol
a
n = 0, 01mol
kh
m= 1,38 g
Cu 19: Chn p n C
D thy cht rn khng tan l Zn.
n K ZnO = a mol BTE
Ta c: X H 2O
2 2 2a= + 2a 0,3.2 = a 0,15 mol
m Zn = 1gam
= = 14,1g
m K O 0,15.94 10, 75

BTNT
X 2 = %Zn = 43, 26%
m Zn : 0,15.65 + 1 =10, 75g 10, 75 + 14,1
388
CON NG T DUY S 21
GII BI TON IN PHN
Con ng t duy:
Catot (-) Anot (+)
+ 3+ 2+ + 2+
Ag > Fe > Cu > H > Fe ... > H 2O NO3 ; SO42 khng b in phn
M n + : M l kim; kim th; nhm khng Nu anot bng Cu th u tin:
b in phn trong dung dch: Cu 2e = Cu 2 +
H 2O + 2e 2OH + H 2 Sau th t l:
I > Br > Cl > H 2O
n
2 H 2O 4e 4 H + + O2
.v
Ch p dng bo ton electron
om
It
Bi cho I v t phi tnh ngay
= ne = ( F 96500; t s )
F
Khi lng dung dch in phn gim bao gm kt ta (Kim loi) v kh bay ln
.c
thng l O 2 ;Cl 2 ;H 2
ok
Ch trong nhiu TH cn p dng BT khi lng.
Mt s ch khi gii bi tp
- Ch v khi lng kt ta v bay hi
bo
- Ch v th t in phn
- Ch v in cc (tr hay khng tr)
et
- Ch bo ton mol electron

vi
It
- Cho I v t th tnh ngay s mol e trao i ne =
F
ng
Ch 1: Tr li cu hi sn phm l g?
Ch 2: t n v p dng cc nh lut bo ton(BTE BTNT c th dng ti
a
BTKL)
HNG DN P DNG
kh
Cu 1: in phn (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) dung dch cha ng
thi 0,15 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v 0,12 mol HCl trong thi gian t gi vi cng dng
in khng i 2,68A th anot thot ra 0,672 lt kh (ktc) v thu c dung dch X.
Dung dch X ha tan ti a m gam bt st (sn phm kh ca NO 3 l kh NO duy
nht). Gi tr ca t v m ln lt l
A. 0,6 v 10,08. B. 0,6 v 8,96. C. 0,6 v 9,24. D. 0,5 v 8,96.
I.t
n anot = 0, 03 mol n Cl2 = 0, 03 mol n e = = 0, 06 mol t = 0, 6 s (gi)
F
389
Ch : 4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O do dung dch cui cng s c

n 2+
Fe
= n Cl 0,12 =0, 06 0, 06 mol =
n Fe2+ 0,165 mol =
m 9, 24g
BTDT

=
n NO 0,3 0, 03 mol
3
Chn C
Cu 2: in phn c mng ngn vi in cc tr 250 ml dung dch hn hp
CuSO 4 aM v NaCl 1,5M, vi cng dng in 5A trong 96,5 pht. Dung dch
to thnh b gim so vi ban u l 17,15 gam. Gi s nc bay hi khng ng
k. Gi tr ca a l:
n
A. 0,5M. B. 0,3M. C. 0,6M. D. 0,4M.
.v
n Cu = 0, 25a mol It
Ta c : ne = = 0,3 mol n Anot =n Cl2 =
0,15 mol
om
n
Cl = 0,375 mol F
n Cu = x mol 64x= + 2y 17,15 0,15.71

BTKL
Bn pha catot: BTE

n
H2 = y mol 2x + 2y= 0,3
.c
= x 0,1mol = 0, 25a
ok
a = 0, 4 mol Chn D
y = 0, 05 mol
Cu 3: in phn c mng ngn vi in cc tr 400ml dung dch hn hp CuSO 4
bo
aM v NaCl 1M vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860s. Dung dch to thnh b

gim so vi ban u 10,4g. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 0,125M B. 0,2M C. 0,129M D. 0,1M
et
It 5.3860
Ta c : n= e = = 0, 2 mol n Cl=
0, 4 mol
vi
F 96500
Gi s bn catot H 2 O b in phn :
ng
n Cu = 0, 4a mol

BTE

BTKL
= 10, 4 64.0, 4a + 2(0,1 0, 4a) + 0, 2.35,5
n H= 2
0,1 0, 4a
a
a = 0,125 mol Chn A

kh
Cu 4: in phn dung dich cha x mol NaCl va y mol CuSO 4 vi in cc tr ,

mang ngn xp n khi nc b in phn 2 in cc th i ngng. Th tich khi
anot sinh ra gp 1,5 ln th tich khi catot cung iu kin nhit va ap sut .
Quan h gia x va y la:
A. x = 3y B. x = 1,5y C. y = 1,5x D. x = 6y
V t l s mol kh c 2 cc nn Cu ht trc Cl 2+ -
Bn catot :
Cu 2 + + 2e Cu

2H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2
Bn anot:
2Cl 2e Cl2 n e =
x
390
1 1
n=
H2 x
BTE
.x.2 + 2y
= x =
x 6y
3 3
Chn D
Cu 5: in phn c mng ngn vi in cc tr 400 ml dung dch hn hp
CuSO 4 aM v NaCl 1M, vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch
to thnh b gim so vi ban u l 10,4 gam. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,129 M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,125 M. D. 0,25 M.
Ta c ngay :
It n Cl2 = 0,1mol
n= = 0, 2 mol BTE + BTKL 0, 4a.2 + 2b =0, 2
10,= 4 n Cu 0, 4a mol
e
F
n = 0, 4 mol n = b mol 0, 4a.64 + 2b =3,3
Cl
n
H2
a = 0,125 mol
.v
Chn C
b = 0, 05 mol
om
Cu 6: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO 4 vi in cc tr bng dng in mt
chiu I = 9,65 A. Khi th tch kh thot ra c hai in cc u l 1,12 lt (ktc) th
dng in phn. Khi lng kim loi sinh ra catot v thi gian in phn l:
.c
A. 3,2 gam v 2000 giy. B. 2,2 gam v 800 giy.
ok
C. 6,4 gam v 3600 giy. D. 5,4 gam v 800 giy.

n Cu = a mol
bo

Ta c :
n H2 = 0,05mol

n= It
et
0,05mol
BTE
=
n e = 4.0,05
= 0, 2 mol
= t 2000s
O2 F
vi

BTE
2a +=
0,1 0, 2 =
a 0, 05 =
m Kl = = 3, 2(g) Chn A
m Cu 0, 05.64
Cu 7: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dich CuSO 4 nng x mol/l, sau
ng
mt thi gian thu c dung dich Y vn c on mau xanh, co khi lng giam 8 gam
so vi dung dich ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vao Y, sau khi cac phan ng xay ra
a
hoan toan, thu c 12,4 gam kim loai. Gia tri cua x la:
kh
A. 2,25. B. 1,5. C. 1,25. D. 3,25.

n Cu = a mol 64a + 32b =
8
Ta c : 8g a =0,1mol
n O2 = b mol 2a = 4b

BTKL
0, 2 x.64 + =
16,8 12, 4 + 0,1.64 + 0, 2 x.56 =
x 1, 25
Chn C
Cu 8: in phn hn hp 0,2 mol NaCl v a mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 sau mt thi gian thu
c dung dch X v khi lng dung dch gim 21,5.Cho thanh st vo dung dch
X n phn ng hon ton thy khi lng thanh st gim 2,6 gam v thot ra kh
NO duy nht.Tnh a?
391
A.0,2 B.0,4 C.0,6 D.0,5

2+

Cl 1e Cl Cu + 2e Cu
+
2 H 2O 4e 4 H + O2 ( xmol )
0, 2 + 4 x
0, 2.35,5 + 32 x + .64= 21,5 x= 0,05 nCu= 0, 2
2
n NaNO3 = 0, 2 mol

n H=
+ = 0, 2 n NO
4x = 0, 05
BTNT.nito
2a 0, 05 0, 2
n Fe(NO3 )2 :
2
n
2a 0, 05 0, 2
= 2, 6 56. 64(a
= 0, 2) a 0, 4mol
.v
2
Chn B
om
Cu 9: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl 3 , 0,2 mol CuSO 4 v 0,1
mol HCl (in cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh
(ktc). Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48. B. 11,20. .c
C. 5,60. D. 5,04.
Cl : 0,4; =
3+
Fe + 1e Fe ; 2Cl 2+
=
2e Cl 2
ok
Cu 2 + + 2e= Cu 2H 2 O 4e= 4H + + O 2
n= 0, 2 mol = V1 4, 48
bo
2
Cl
ne nhn = 0,5 0,5 0, 4

=n O2 = 0, 025 mol =
V2 0,56 lit
4
et
V1 + V2 = V = 4, 48 + 0,56 = 5,04 lt Chn D

Cu 10 : in phn 200 ml dung dch X cha Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v AgNO 3 vi cng
vi
dng in 0,804A n khi bt kh bt u thot ra catot th mt 2 gi, khi khi

ng
lng catot tng thm 4,2 gam. Nng mol ca Cu(NO 3 ) 2 trong dung dch X l:
A. 0,1M. B. 0,075M. C. 0,05M. D. 0,15M
Ta c :
a
n Cu2+ = a mol BTE 64a + 108b = 4, 2

kh
a = 0, 015 mol
0,804.2.60.60
n = b mol = 2a + b = 0, 06 b = 0, 03 mol
Ag+ 96500
Chn B
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1: Sau mt thi gian in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO 4 vi in cc tr,
khi lng dung dch gim 4 gam. lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung
dch sau khi in phn cn dng 50 ml dung dch H 2 S 0,5M. Nng mol/l ca
dung dch CuSO 4 trc lc in phn l:
392
A. 0,375M. B. 0,420M. C. 0,735M D. 0,750M.

Cu 2: in phn 200 ml dung dch Fe(NO 3 ) 2 . Vi dng in mt chiu cng
dng in 1A trong 32 pht 10 giy th va in phn ht Fe2+, ngng in phn v
yn dung dch mt thi gian th thu c 0,28 gam kim loi. Khi lng dung
dch gim l:
Cu 3: in phn 2 lt dung dch cha hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO 4 vi in cc
tr,c mng ngn n khi H 2 O bt u in phn c hai cc th dng li. Ti
catot thu 1,28 gam kim loi ng thi ti anot thu 0,336 lt kh(ktc). Coi th tch
dung dch khng i th pH ca dung dch sau in phn l:
n
A.12 B. 2 C.13 D.3
.v
dng in 2,68 ampe, trong thi gian t (gi) thu c dung dch X. Cho 22,4 gam
bt Fe vo dung dch X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) thu c
om
34,28 gam cht rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 1,25. B. 1,40. C. 1,00. D. 1,20.
Cu 5: in phn 400ml dung dch hn hp CuSO 4 1M v NaCl 1M mt thi gian
.c
n khi catt thu c 4,48 lt kh th dng in phn. Th tch kh thu c
ok
ant l (cc kh cng o ktc):
A. 11,2 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 6: in phn dung dch hn hp cha a mol CuSO 4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc
bo
tr, mng ngn xp) n khi kh thot ra catot l 2,24 lt (ktc) th ngng in phn.
Dung dch to thnh ho tan ti a 4 gam MgO. Mi lin h gia a v b l:
et
A. 2a - 0,2 =b B. 2a = b. C. 2a < b. D. 2a = b - 0,2.

Cu 7. in phn dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaCl va x mol Cu (NO 3 ) 2 vi in cc
vi
tr, sau mt thi gian thu c dung dich X va khi lng dung dich giam 21,5
ng
khi lng thanh st giam 1,8 gam v thy thot ra kh NO duy nht . Gia tri ca x
la:
a
A. 0,4. B. 0,5. C. 0,6. D. 0,3.

kh
Cu 8. in phn dung dch hn hp gm a mol KCl v b mol CuSO 4 vi in cc

tr, mng ngn xp, cho n khi dung dch va ht mu xanh th thu c 1,12 lt
kh (ktc) v 500 ml dung dch c pH bng 1. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 0,0475 v 0,054 B. 0,0725 v 0,085
C. 0,075 v 0,0625 D. 0,0525 v 0,065
Cu 9. Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr, hiu sut l 100%) dung dch X cha
0,02 mol CuCl 2 ; 0,02 mol CuSO 4 v 0,005 mol H 2 SO 4 trong thi gian 32 pht 10
giy vi cng dng in khng i l 2,5 ampe th thu c 200 ml dung dch
Y. Gi tr pH ca dung dch Y l:
A. 1,78. B. 1,00. C. 0,70. D. 1,08.
393
Cu 10. Ha tan 0,89 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B trong dung dch
HCl d, thu c dung dch Y. in phn hon ton dung dch Y th ch c 0,65
gam kim loi thot ra catot. Tng s mol ca A v B trong hn hp X l 0,02
mol. Hai kim loi A v B l:
A. Cu v Mg B. Cu v Ca C. Zn v Mg D. Zn v Ca.
Cu 11: bo v vt bng st, ngi ta m Ni b ngoi vt bng cch in
phn dung dch mui Ni2+ vi in cc catot l vt cn m, anot l mt in cc
lm bng Ni. in phn vi cng dng in 1,93 ampe trong thi gian
20.000s. Tnh b dy lp m nu din tch ngoi ca vt l 2 dm2; t trng ca Ni l
8,9 g/cm3.
A. 0,066cm. B. 0,033cm. C. 0,066mm. D. 0,033mm.
n
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO 3 ) 2 v KCl . Cho 80,7 gam X tan ht vo H 2 O thu
.v
c dd Y. in phn dung dch Y (c mng ngn,in cc tr) n khi H 2 O bt
u in phn hai cc th dng in phn. Thy s mol kh thot ra anot bng 3
om
ln s mol kh thot ra t catot. Ly dung dch Y cho tc dng vi dung dch
AgNO 3 d thu c y gam kt ta. Cc phn ng hon ton. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 86,1 B.53,85 C.43,05
.c D.29,55
Cu 13: in phn 200 ml dung dch X cha Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v AgNO 3 vi cng
dng in 0,804A n khi bt kh bt u thot ra catot th mt 2 gi, khi khi
ok
lng catot tng thm 4,2 gam. Nng mol ca Cu(NO 3 ) 2 trong dung dch X l:
A. 0,1M. B. 0,075M. C. 0,05M. D. 0,15M
bo
Cu 14. in phn (in cc tr, mang ngn xp, hiu sut 100%) dung dch cha
ng thi 0,3 mol CuSO 4 va 0,1 mol NaCl , kim loi thot ra khi in phn hon
ton bm vo catot . Khi catot khi lng tng ln 12,8g th anot co V lit khi
et
thoat ra . Gia tri ca V la:

vi
A. 2,24 lit B. 2,8 lt C. 4,48 lit D. 5,6 lit

Cu 15: in phn dung dch gm 18,8g Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v 29,8 gam KCl(in cc tr,
ng
mng ngn). Sau mt thi gian khi lng dung dch gim 17,15 gam so vi ban
u,th tch dung dchl 400ml. Nng mol/lit cc cht trong dung dch sau in
phn l:
a
= A.CKCl 0,5M; = CKNO3 0,= 25M;CKOH 0, 25M

kh
= =
B.CKCl 0, 25M; CKNO3 0,=
25M;CKOH 0, 25M
= =
C.CKCl 0,375M;C KNO3 0,=
25M;CKOH 0, 25M
=
D. CKCl 0, = =
25M; CKNO3 0,5M; CKOH 0, 25M
Cu 16. in phn 100 ml dung dch A cha AgNO 3 0,2M, Cu(NO 3 ) 2 0,1 M v
Zn(NO 3 ) 2 0,15M vi cng dng in I = 1,34A trong 72 pht. S gam kim
loi thu c catot sau in phn l:
A. 3,45g B. 2,80g C. 3,775g D. 2,48g
394
Cu 17. in phn Al 2 O 3 nng chy, anot lm bng C, anot thot ra hn hp

kh (CO,CO 2 ) c M=42. Khi thu c 162 tn nhm th C anot b chy l:
A. 55,2 tn B. 57,6 tn C. 49,2 tn D. 46,8 tn
Cu 18: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr, hiu sut l 100%) dung dch X cha
0,02 mol CuCl 2 ; 0,02 mol CuSO 4 v 0,005 mol H 2 SO 4 trong thi gian 32 pht 10
giy vi cng dng in khng i l 2,5 ampe th thu c 200 ml dung dch
Y. Gi tr pH ca dung dch Y l:
A. 1,78. B. 1,00. C. 0,70. D. 1,08.
Cu 19: in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 trong dung dch vi in cc tr, th
sau in phn khi lng dung dch gim bao nhiu gam?
n
Cu 20: Tin hnh in phn 200 ml dung dch X gm HCl 0,60M v CuSO 4 1M
.v
vi in cc tr, cng dng in mt chiu khng i bng 1,34A, trong 4 gi.
S gam kim loi bm vo catot v s lt kh ( ktc) thot ra anot l
om
A. 3,20 v 0,896. B. 6,40 v 0,896.
C. 6,40 v 1,792. D. 3,20 v 1,792.
.c
Cu 21: in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,1 M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M
vi in cc tr v cng dng in bng 5A. Sau 19 pht 18 giy dng in
ok
phn, ly catot sy kh thy tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
bo
Cu 22: in phn vi in cc tr (H = 100%) 100 gam dung dch X cha FeCl 3

16,25%; HCl 3,65% v CuCl 2 13,5% trong 1 gi 15 pht vi cng dng in
khng i l 7,72 ampe thu c dung dch Y. Khi lng dung dch Y thay i th
et
no so vi khi lng dung dch X (bit kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc v nc

bay hi khng ng k)?
vi
A. gim 12,72 gam. B. gim 19,24 gam.

ng
C. gim 12,78 gam. D. gim 19,22 gam.

Cu 23: in phn dung dch X gm x mol KCl v y mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 (in cc tr,
mng ngn xp), khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in
a
phn thu c dung dch Y (lm qu tm ha xanh), c khi lng gim 2,755 gam
kh
so vi khi lng dung dch X ban u (gi thit nc bay hi khng ng k).
Cho ton b lng Y trn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d, kt thc phn ng thu
c 2,32 gam kt ta. T l x : y l :
A. 3 : 4. B. 4 : 3. C. 5 : 3. D. 10 : 3.
Cu 24: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200ml dung dch CuSO 4 nng x mol/l,
sau mt thi gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8
gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,25. B. 2,25. C. 1,50. D. 3,25.
395
Cu 25: Ha tan 42,6g hn hp mt oxit kim loi kim v mt oxit kim loi kim
th bng dd HCl d thu c dd X. C cn dd X ly mui khan em in phn
nng chy hon ton th thu c 13,44lit (ktc) anot v a gam hn hp kim loi
catot. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 33,0 B. 18,9 C. 11,7 D. 7,12
dng in 2,68 ampe, trong thi gian t (gi) thu c dung dch X. Cho 22,4
gam bt Fe vo dung dch X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) thu
c 34,28 gam cht rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 1,25. B. 1,40. C. 1,00. D. 1,20.
Cu 27: in phn dung dch hn hp cha a mol CuSO 4 v b mol NaCl (vi
n
in cc tr, mng ngn xp) n khi kh thot ra catot l 2,24 lt (ktc) th
.v
ngng in phn. Dung dch to thnh ho tan ti a 4 gam MgO. Mi lin h gia
om
a v b l:
A. 2a - 0,2 =b B. 2a = b. C. 2a < b. D. 2a = b - 0,2.
Cu 28: in phn dung dich cha 0,2 mol NaCl va x mol Cu(NO 3 ) 2 vi in cc
tr, sau mt thi gian thu c dung dich X va khi lng dung dich giam 21,5
.c
ok
khi lng thanh st giam 1,8 gam v thy thot ra kh NO duy nht . Gia tri ca x
la:
A. 0,4. B. 0,5. C. 0,6. D. 0,3.
bo
Cu 29: Dung dch A cha 0,5 mol CuSO 4 v x mol KCl. in phn dung dch A
n khi kh bt u thot ra c hai in cc th ngng li,thu c dung dch B.
et
Dung dch B ha tan va 0,1mol Zn(OH) 2 . Hy xc nh gi tr ca x?

A. 0,1 B. 0,2 C.0,4 D.0,8
vi
Cu 30: in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO 4 vi in

cc tr, mng ngn xp n khi nc b in phn hai in cc th ngng in
ng
phn. anot thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc), dung dch sau in phn ha tan 4,08
gam Al 2 O 3 . Gi tr ln nht ca m l:
a
A. 30,04. B. 49,00. C. 57,98. D. 60,08.

kh
Cu 31: in phn 400ml dung dch hn hp CuSO 4 1M v NaCl 1M mt thi

gian n khi catt thu c 4,48 lt kh th dng in phn. Th tch kh thu c
ant l (cc kh cng o ktc):
A. 11,2 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 32: in phn dd CuCl 2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32
gam Cu catot v mt lng kh X anot . Hp th hon ton lng kh X vo
200ml dd NaOH( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05
M( gi thit th tch dd khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dd NaOH l:
A. 0,15M B. 0,2M C. 0,1M D. 0,05M
396
Cu 33. in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ag vi cng

dng in 3,86 A, trong thi gian t giy thu c dung dch X (hiu sut qu trnh
in phn l 100%). Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht) v sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 22,7 gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca t l:
A. 3000 B. 5000 C. 3600 D. 2500
Cu 34: in phn 2 lt dung dch cha hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO 4 vi in
cc tr,c mng ngn n khi H 2 O bt u in phn c hai cc th dng li. Ti
catot thu 1,28 gam kim loi ng thi ti anot thu 0,336 lt kh(ktc). Coi th tch
dung dch khng i th pH ca dung dch sau in phn l:
n
A. 12 B. 2 C. 13 D. 3
Cu 35: in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO 4 (vi in cc tr) n khi kh thot ra
.v
c 2 in cc u l 0,02 mol th dng li. Coi th tch dung dch khng i. Gi tr
pH ca dung dch sau in phn l:
om
A. 1,4. B. 1,7. C. 2,0. D. 1,2.
Cu 36. in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO 4 ; 0,12 mol
Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 v 0,44 mol NaCl bng dng in c cng 2 ampe. Th tch kh
.c
(ktc) thot ra anot sau 26055 giy in phn l:
ok
A. 5,488 lt B. 5,936 lt C. 4,928 lt. D. 9,856 lt.
Cu 37: Ha tan hon ton 5,5 gam hn hp X gm mt oxit kim loi kim v mt
oxit kim loi kim th vo nc d, thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng
bo
vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c dung dch Z. C cn ton b Z thu c hn hp

mui khan T. in phn nng chy hon ton T vi in cc tr, thu c 2,464 lt
kh (ktc) anot v m gam hn hp kim loi catot. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 2,94. B. 3,56. C. 3,74. D. 3,82.

Cu 38: in phn 500 ml dung dch hn hp CuSO 4 a mol/l v NaCl 1 mol/l vi
vi
in cc tr, mng ngn xp, cng dng in khng i 5A trong thi gian
96,5 pht (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%, nc bay hi khng ng k) thu
ng
c dung dch c khi lng gim so vi ban u l 17,15 gam. Gi tr ca a l:

A. 0,3. B. 0,4. C. 0,5. D. 0,2.
a
Cu 39: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,3 mol AgNO 3 vi cng

dng in 2,68 A, trong thi gian t (gi) thu c dung dch X (hiu sut qu trnh
kh
in phn l 100%). Cho 22,4 gam bt Fe vo X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm

kh duy nht) v sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 34,28 gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca t l:
A. 1,20. B. 0,25. C. 1,00. D. 0,60.
Cu 40. in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , 0,2 mol CuSO 4 v
0,1 mol HCl (in cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt
kh (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,92. B. 5,6. C. 8,86. D. 4,48.
Cu 41. in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp 2 mui CuSO 4 v NaCl bng
in cc tr,c mng ngn n khi nc b in phn c 2 in cc th ngng
397
in phn.Dung dch sau in phn ho tan va 1,16 gam Fe 3 O 4 v anot ca

bnh in phn c 448ml kh bay ra(ktc).Khi lng dung dch gim sau khi in
phn l:
A.7,10. B.1,03. C.8,60. D.2,95.
Cu 42: Cho dng in c cng I = 3 ampe i qua mt dung Cu(NO 3 ) 2 trong
mt gi, s gam Cu c to ra l:
A. 3,58gam. B. 1,79gam. C. 7,16gam. D. 3,82gam.
Cu 43: in phn c mng ngn 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2
0,5M v NaCl 2,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng
in 7,5A trong 3860 giy thu c dg X. X c kh nng ho tan m gam Zn. Gi
tr ln nht ca m l:
n
A. 9,75. B. 3,25. C. 6,5. D. 13.
.v
Cu 44. Ha tan 58,5 gam NaCl vo nc c dung dch X nng C%. in
phn dung dch X vi in cc tr c mng ngn cho ti khi anot thot ra 63,5 gam
om
kh th c dung dch NaOH 5%. Gi tr ca C l:
A. 5,85. B. 6,74. C. 8,14. D. 6,88.
Cu 45: in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,2M vi cng dng in
.c
I=9,65A. Tnh khi lng Cu bm vo catt sau khong thi gian in phn l
t 1 =200 giy v t 2 =500 giy (gi thit hiu sut phn ng in phn l 100%, toan
ok
b kim loai sinh ra u bam vao catot).
A. 0,64 gam v 1,6 gam B. 0,32 gam v 0,64 gam
bo
C. 0,32 gam v 1,28 gam D. 0,64 gam v 1,28 gam

Cu 46. in phn dung dch CuSO 4 vi anot bng ng, dng in c I = 1,34
trong 15 pht. Sau khi in phn khi lng hai in cc thay i nh th no ?
et
A. Catot tng 0,4 gam v anot gim 0,4 gam

B. Catot tng 3,2 gam v anot gim 0,4 gam
vi
C. Catot tng 3,2 gam v anot gim 3,2 gam

ng
D. Catot tng 0,4 gam v anot gim 3,2 gam

a
P N CHI TIT
kh
Cu 1: Chn p n D
nH S = 0, 025 mol nCuS = n du 2+ = nH S = 0, 025 mol
2 Cu 2
nCu = a 64a + 32b = 4

m= 4g = a 0, 05 mol
nO2 = b 2a = 4b
Cu 2+
: 0,075 D
Cu 2: Chn p n C
398
It

n 2+ =0, 01 n =0, 02 mol
Fe NO3
n=
e = 0, 02 mol 0, 02
F =n O = 0, 005 mol
2 4
nFe ( NO3 )2 = 0, 005 mol
0, 28 Fe
nNO = 0, 005 mol
= (O2 ; Fe; NO ) 0,59 g
m m=
Cu 3: Chn p n B
= n Cu 0, 02 mol = n e 0, 04 mol
n
a + b =0, 015
Ta c: n Cl2 = a mol
BTE

n anot = 0, 015 mol n = b mol
.v
2a + 4b = 0, 04
O2
om
a = 0, 01

b =0, 005 n H+ =4b =0, 02 mol
Cu 4: Chn p n D
.c
ok
Ag + + 1e Ag
2H 2 O 4e 4H + + O2
bo
a(mol)
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
et
n NO : 0,3
3 0,3 a
4
a n Fe( NO3 )2 :
vi
n
NO : 2
4
ng
Bo ton khi lng ta c ngay :

0,3 a
4 =
a
22,4 + 108(0,3 a)
= 34,28 + 56. a 0,12 =
t 1,2h
2
kh
Cu 5: Chn p n B
n Cu2+ = 0, 4 mol n Cl2 = 0, 2 mol
ne =
1, 2 mol
= n=
n catot H2 0, 2 mol anot 1, 2 0, 4 B
= n O2 = 0, 2 mol
n Cl = 0, 4 mol 4
Cu 6: Chn p n B
399
Cu + 2e Cu
2+
Catot
n e = 2a + 0,2
2H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2

Cl 1e = Cl b= 2a
+
Anot 2H 2 O 4e =4H + O2 n e =b + 0,2
n
MgO =0,1 n H+ =0,2
Cu 7. Chn p n B
2 H 2O 4e 4 H + + O2 (amol )
n
0, 2 + 4a
.v
0, 2.35,5 + 32a +.64= 21,5 a= 0,05 nCu = 0, 2
dp
2
om
nNaNO3 = 0, 2 mol

nH=+ 4=
a 0, 2 mol nNO = 0, 05 mol
BTNT .nito
2 x 0, 05 0, 2
nFe ( NO3 )2 =
.c 2
2 x 0,05 0, 2
=1,8 56. 64(
= x 0, 2) x 0,5mol
ok
2
bo
Cu 8: Chn p n C
Dung dch ht mu xanh ngha l Cu2+ va ht.
PH = 1 H + = 0,1 n H+ = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05; 2H 2 O 4e = 4H + + O2 .
et
n O2 = 0, 0125 mol
vi
0, 05 =
BTE
n e 0,125
= mol b 0, 0625 mol
=n
Cl2 0, 0375
= a 0, 075 mol
ng
Cu 9. Chn p n B
Cl 1e = Cl

a
It 2,5.1930
ne = = = 0, 05 mol 2H 2 O 4e = 4H + + O2 n H+ = 0, 02 mol
F 96500
kh
0, 01 0, 01

H + =
0,1 B
Cu 10. Chn p n C
Cu ny ta nn th p n, thy ngay 0,01.65+0,02.24=0,89g
Cu 11: Chn p n A
It 1, 93.20000
ne = = =0, 4 mol n Ni =0, 2 mol m Ni =0, 2.59 =11,8g
F 96500
Ta xem lp m l khi HCN:
400
m Ni 11,8
VHCN= 200.h= h= = 0,0066 (cm) Chn A
d 8,9.200
Cu 12: Chn p n B
n Fe(NO3 )2 : a mol
BTKL
180a + 74,5b = 80, 7
a = 0, 2 mol
80, 7 b BTE b
n KCl : b mol n H2 = mol 2a + 2 = b b = 0, 6 mol
catot
6 6
1
Y Fe2 + : 0,1 Ag : 0,1

2
y = 53,85
Cl : 0,3 AgCl : 0,3
Cu 13: Chn p n B
n
n Cu2+ : a mol BTE 64a + 108b =4, 2
=a 0, 015 mol B

.v
0,804.2.60.60
n : b mol
Ag+ = 2a + b = 0, 06 b = 0, 03 mol
96500
om
Cu 14. Chn p n B
nCu = 0, 2 < 0,3 Cu 2+ Cha b in phn ht n e =0,4
2Cl 2e = Cl2 ; 2 H 2O 4e= 4 H + + O2 .c
0,1 0,1 0,05 0,3 0,075
ok
V
= (0, 05 + 0, 075).22,=
4 2,8(lit )
bo
Cu 15: Chn p n D
y l bi tp kh n gin chng ta c th lm mu mc. Tuy nhin ch cn
et
n Cu(NO3 )2 : 0,1
nhn qua p n l c. V d thy Cu2+ b in phn ht khi
vi
n KCl : 0, 4
ng
0,2
0,2NO3 0,2KNO3 [ KNO3 ] = = 0,5
0,4
Cu 16. Chn p n A
a
It
kh
n=e = 0, 06 ; Ag + Ag
F 0,02
2+
Cu Cu
0,01
2+
Zn Zn
0,01
Cu 17. Chn p n B
401
n CO = a mol
M = 42
n CO2 = b mol
162 n = 0, 6 mol
n Al= = 6 mol n O= 9 mol CO m C= 4,8.12g B
27 CO2 = 4, 2 mol
Cu 18: Chn p n B
Cl 1e = Cl
It 2,5.1930
ne = = = 0, 05 mol 2H 2 O 4e = 4H + + O2 n H+ = 0, 02 mol
F 96500
0, 01 0, 01
n
H + =0,1 B
.v
Cu 19: Chn p n D
om
Cu + 2e =
2+
Cu 0,2
+
=
m 0,1.64 + 32. D
2H 2 O 4e= 4H + O2 4
Cu 20: Chn p n C .c
Cu + 2e Cu
n Cl2 = 0, 06 mol
ok
It
n e= = 0, 2 2Cl 2e Cl 2 n C
F + n O2 = 0, 02 mol
2H 2 O 4e 4H + O2
bo
et
vi
Cu 21: Chn p n D
ng

n Ag+ = 0, 02 mol

= n Cu2+ 0, 04 mol =
m 0, 02.108 + 0, 02.64
= 3, 44g
a

kh
n= It 5.1158
= = 0, 06 mol

e
F 96500
Cu 22: Chn p n B
402
n FeCl3 = 0,1mol
It 7, 72.75.60
n HCl= 0,1mol n=
e = = 0,36 mol
n F 96500
CuCl2 = 0,1mol

Ta c : Fe3+ + 1e = Fe2+ (0,1)
2Cl 2e =

Cl 2
Anot catot Cu 2+ + 2e = Cu(0,1)
0,36 0,18 2H + + 2e =
H 2 (0, 03)

m = m Cl2 + m Cu + m
= H2 0,18.71 + 0,1.64 + 0, 03.2 = 19, 24g
Cu 23: Chn p n D
n
Do dung dch Y lm xanh qu nn
.v
om
x x y 2y
2H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2
a a a 0,5a
.c

BTE

= x 2y + a
BTKL
ok
= 2,755 35,5x + 64y + a
OH AgOH Ag O n Ag2 O =
0,01
2
bo
a = 0, 02 mol
x 10
=
C ngay: x 0, 05 mol =
et
y = 0, 015 mol y 3

Cu 24: Chn p n A
vi
Dung dch vn cn mu xanh Cu2+ cha b in phn ht.

ng
n Cu : a 64a + 32b = 8 a = 0,1

m BTE
n O2 : b 2a= 4b b = 0, 05
a
x=
1,25
=
n FeSO n= 0,2x
kh
SO 4
Fe + Y BTKL
4
16,8 + 64(0,2x =
0,1) 12, 4 + 0,2x.56
Cu 25: Chn p n A
Kim loai : a gam
42, 6
=mO 42, 6 a
( 42, 6 a ) = 0, 6.2 =
Bo ton e : .2 a 33g
16
Cu 26: Chn p n D
Ag + + 1e Ag; 2H 2 O 4e 4H + + O2
403
a(mol)
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
n = 0,3 mol
NO3 0,3 a
n Fe ( NO ) = 4 mol
a
n
NO = mol
3 2
2
4
Bo ton khi lng ta c ngay:
0,3 a
22,4 + 108(0,3 a) = 34,28 + 56. 4 =a 0,12 = t 1,2h
2
Cu 27: Chn p n B
n
Cu + 2e Cu
2+
Catot n e = 2a + 0, 2
.v

2H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2

om
Cl 1e = Cl b= 2a
+
Anot 2H 2 O 4e =4H + O2 n e =b + 0, 2

n MgO = 0,1 n H+ = 0, 2 mol

Cu 28: Chn p n B
.c
ok
Cl 1e Cl 2+
Cu + 2e Cu
2 H 2O 4e 4 H + + O2 (amol )
bo
0, 2 + 4a
0, 2.35,5 + 32a + .64= 21,5 a= 0,05 nCu = 0, 2
dp
2
et
nNaNO3 = 0, 2 mol

n=
H+
4=a 0, 2 n= 0, 05
BTNT .nito
2 x 0, 05 0, 2
vi
NO
nFe ( NO3 )2 =
2
ng
2 x 0,05 0, 2
1,8 56. 64(
= x 0, 2) x 0,5mol
2
Cu 29: Chn p n D
a
Nhn nhanh thy s mol KOH to nht l 0,8 < 1.Nn cht ha tan Zn(OH) 2 l
kh
+
H
n Zn ( OH=
) 0,1 n=
H+
0,2 mol
BTE
0,5.2
= x + 0,2 =
x 0,8mol
2
Cu 30: Chn p n C
Trng hp 1: Al 2 O 3 b tan bi OH- c ngay :
0, 4 0, 08
n Al=
2 O3
0, 04 mol n= OH
0, 08 mol =
n Cu = 0,16 mol
2
n Cl = 0, 2 n e = 0, 4 mol
2
404
n CuSO4 = 0,16 mol

m= 72, 4
n NaCl = 0, 4 mol
Trng hp 2: Al 2 O 3 b tan bi H+ c ngay :
n O = 0, 06 mol
n Al2O3 0, 04 mol
= =
BTNT.oxi
n H+ 0,=
04.3.2 0, 24 mol 2
n Cl2 = 0,14 mol

0, 06.4 + 0,14.2
= n Cu = 0, 26 mol
2
n CuSO4 = 0, 26 mol
m= 57, 98
n
n NaCl = 0, 28 mol
.v
Cu 31: Chn p n B
n Cu2+ = 0, 4 mol n Cl2 = 0, 2 mol
om
ne =
1, 2 mol
= n=
n catot H2 0, 2 mol anot 1, 2 0, 4 B
= n O2 = 0, 2 mol
n Cl = 0, 4 mol 4
Cu 32: Chn p n C
.c
ok
n = 0, 005 mol
= n Cl2 0, 005 mol NaCl
n Cu 0, 005 mol =
n NaClO = 0, 005 mol
bo
0,01
[ NaOH ]ban dau = 0,05 + = 0,1M
0, 2
et
Cu 33. Chn p n D
Ag+ + 1e Ag; 2H 2 O - 4e 4H+ + O 2
vi
a a a a
0, 2 0, 25a
ng
n H+ = a mol n NO = a/4 nFe ( NO3 )2 =

2
BT tng khi lng kim loi :
a
0, 2 0, 25a
kh
0,2. 108 + 16,8 = 108a + 22,7 + 56.

2
a = 0,1 mol t = p n D
Cu 34: Chn p n B
= n Cu 0, 02 mol = n e 0, 04 mol
a + b =0, 015
n Cl2 = a mol
BTE

n anot = 0, 015 mol n = b mol 2a + 4b = 0, 04
O2
405
a = 0, 01mol

b =0, 005 mol n H+ =4b =0, 02 mol
Cu 35: Chn p n B
n=Anot =n O2 0, 02 mol
BTE
=
n H+ 0, =
02.4 0, 08 mol

=
n catot =
n H2 0, 02 mol =
n OH 0, =
BTE
02.2 0, 04 mol
0,08 0,04
=
H + = 0,02
2
Cu 36: Chn p n A
n
It 2.26055
Ta c: n=
e = = 0,54 mol
F 96500
.v
2Cl 2e =
Cl 2 n Cl2 = 0,22 mol
= = V 5, 488lit
om
n anot 0,245
n O2 = 0, 025 mol
+
2H 2 O 4e= 4H + O2
Cu 37: Chn p n C

BTKL
5,5
= m + mO
.c
n= 0,11
BTE
n Otrong
= X
0,11
BTKL
=
m 5,5 0,11.16
= 3, 74g
ok
Cl 2
Cu 38: Chn p n D
n Cu2+ = 0,5a mol
bo
It 5.96,5.60
n=e = = 0,3 mol
n
Cl = 0,5 mol F 96500
et
V 0,3.35,5 + 0,15.64 =20,25 > 17,15 nn nc b in phn bn catot

=
BTE
2b + 2.0,5.a =
0,3 a 0, 2 mol
vi
n H2 b mol BTKL
17,15 0,3.35,5 + 0,5a.64 + 2b b = 0, 05 mol
=
ng
Cu 39: Chn p n A
Ag + + 1e Ag
2H 2 O 4e 4H + + O2
a
a mol
kh
4H + + NO3 + 3e NO + 2H 2 O
n = 0,3 mol
NO3 0,3 a
Vy ta s c ngay : n = 4
a Fe ( NO3 )2
n NO = mol 2
4
0,3 a
4
Bo ton khi lng ta c : 22, 4 + 108(0,3 a)
= 34, 28 + 56.
2
=
a 0,12 mol
= t 1, 2h
Cu 40. Chn p n A
406
Catot bt u thot kh ngha l H + bt u b in phn.

Ch th t in phn l : Fe3+ > Cu 2 + > H + > Fe2 +
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
C ngay bn pha catot : 2+ n e = 0, 2 + 0, 2.2 = 0, 6 mol
Cu + 2e Cu
Bn Anot:
2Cl 2e = n Cl = 0, 05 mol

Cl 2
BTE
2 = V = 0,175.22, 4 3, 92 lit
n O2 = 0,125 mol
+
2H 2 O 4e= 4H + O2
Cu 41. Chn p n D
=2Cl 2e Cl 2 =Cu 2 + + 2e Cu
n
2H 2 O 4e= 4H + + O2
.v
n= 0, 005 mol =
n O 0, 02 mol =
n H+ 0, 04 mol
om
Fe3 O 4
n O2 = 0, 01mol n Cl2 = 0, 02 0, 01 = 0, 01mol

=
BTE
n e 0, 01.4 +=
0, 01.2 0, 06 mol=
n Cu 0, 03 mol
.c
C ngay:=
m m(O ;Cl=
2;Cu)
2 0,01(71 + 32) + 0,03.64
= 2,95 g
ok
Cu 42: Chn p n A
Thc cht cc bi ton in phn ch l BTE thng thng. Ta lm nhanh nh sau:
bo
It 3.60.60 ne
=
ne = = 0,112 mol BTE
n=
Cu = 0, 056 mol m=Cu 3,58g
F 96500 2
Cu 43: Chn p n C
et
n CuCl2 = 0, 05 mol It 7,5.3860

Ta c: n Cl =0,35 mol; n e = = =0,3mol
vi
n NaCl = 0, 25 mol F 96500

Vy Cl cn d v Cu2+ b in phn ht.
ng
Bn catot : Cu 2 + + 2e Cu; 2H 2 O + 2e 2OH + H 2

=
n OH 0, 2 mol n= 0,1mol = = 6,5g
a
BTE BTDT BTNT

ZnO 2
m Zn 0,1.65
2
kh
Cu 44. Chn p n B
n Cl = 0,5 mol
Ta c: n= 1 mol Anot 2
n O2 = 1,5 mol
NaCl
n e =0,5.2 + 1,5.4 =7 n H2 =3,5 mol

1.40
=0,05 = C 6,74
5850
63,5 7
C
407
Cu 45: Chn p n D . Ta c:
It1 9, 65.200 It1 9, 65.500
n Cu=
2+ 0, 02 mol; n=
1
e = = 0, 02 mol; n=
1
e = = 0, 05 mol
F 96500 F 96500
0, 02
Vy ln 1 Cu2+ cha b in phn ht n Cu= = 0, 01mol m1= 0, 64g
2
Ln 2 Cu2+ b in phn ht v nc b in phn : m 2 = 1, 28g
Cu 46. Chn p n A
It 1,34.15.60
ne = = =0, 0125 mol n Cu
tan
=0, 4 mol
F 96500
Ch : Anot bng Cu nn b tan. Khi lng Cu tan s chuyn thnh Cu2+ sau
n
Cu2+ li bin thnh Cu bn Catot
.v
MT S DNG BI TP KHC
om
BI TP NHIT PHN MUI
Cu 1: Nung m gam mt loi qung canxit cha a% v khi lng tp cht tr, sau
mt thi gian thu c 0,78m gam cht rn, hiu sut ca phn ng nhit phn l
.c
80%. Gi tr ca a l
A. 37,5. B. 67,5. C. 32,5. D. 62,5.
ok
0
Ch : Qung canxit l CaCO 3 . CaCO3
t
CaO + CO2
0,22m.100
bo
m 0,22m
= = m CO m CaCO
nhie t pha n
=
2 3
44
0,22m.100
et
44 0,5
= 0,8 = 0,8 = a 37,5%
m.a 100 a
m
vi
100 100
Cu 2: Nhit phn 50,5 gam KNO 3 vi hiu sut 60%, lng oxi thu c tc
ng
dng va vi m gam photpho. Gi tr ln nht ca m l:

A. 10,33. B. 12,4. C. 3,72. D. 6,20.
a
0
=
n KNO3 0,5 mol; KNO3
t
KNO2 + 0,5O=
2 n O2 =
0, 25.0, 6 0,15 mol
kh
m ln nht khi oxit l P2 O3 =

BTNT.oxi
n P 0, 2 mol
= m P 6, 2g
Cu 3: A l hn hp cc mui Cu(NO 3 ) 2 , Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 trong O chim
55,68% v khi lng. Cho dung dch KOH d vo dung dch cha 50 gam mui
A, lc kt ta thu c em nung n khi lng khng i thu c m gam oxit.
Gi tr ca m l:
408
n O = 1, 74 m A = 42, 67g
mO = 27,84 m KL =50 0,58.62 =14, 04g
n NO3 = 0,58 mol
NO3 0,5O 0,58
=
m oxit 14, 04 + =.16 18, 68g
2
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm KCl v KClO 3 .Ngi ta cho thm 10 gam MnO 2 vo
39,4 gam hn hp X thu c hn hp Y. Nung y nhit cao c cht rn Z
v kh P. Cho Z vo dung dch AgNO 3 ly d thu c 67,4 gam cht rn. Ly 1/3
kh P sc vao dung dch cha 0,5mol FeSO 4 v 0,3mol H 2 SO 4 thu c dd Q. Cho
dd Ba(OH) 2 ly d vo dung dch Q thu c X gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng
hon ton, Gi tr ca X l:
n
A. 185,3 B. 197,5 C. 212,4 D. 238,2
n KCl = a mol
.v
39, 4 74,5a + 122,5b =
39, 4
n KClO3 = b mol a = 0, 2 mol
om
n O2 = 1,5b = 0,3 mol
n AgCl = 0, 4 mol b = 0, 2 mol
67, 4 n a+b= 0, 4
MnO2 = 10 mol
1
n SO2 = 0,8 mol
4
P =0,1O2
.c
n BaSO = 0,8 mol
4

Q= n 0, 4 mol =
BTNT
X 238, 2 =
Fe(OH)3 0, 4 mol
n
ok
3
Fe3+

n Fe2+ = 0,1mol n Fe(OH)2 = 0,1mol
bo
Ch : Ta suy ra cc cht trong Q bng BTE v n O2 = 0,1 n e+ = 0,4 = n Fe3+

Cu 5: Nung 66,20 gam Pb(NO 3 ) 2 trong bnh kn, sau mt thi gian thu c
64,58 gam cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th hon ton X vo nc, c 3 lt
et
dung dch Y. Dung dch Y c gi tr pH l:

vi
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 1
n NO2 = a mol BTE 4b = a
ng
m 1, 62
= n O2 b mol = 46a + 32b 1, 62
a = 0, 03 mol
a

BTNT.nito
n HNO
= 0, 03 mol; H=+
0, 01 A
b = 0, 0075 mol 3
kh
Cu 6: Nhit phn hon ton mt mui amoni ca axit cacbonic sau dn ton
b sn phm vo 50 gam dung dch H 2 SO 4 19,6 % th to mt mui trung ha
c nng 23,913%. Cng thc v khi lng ca mui ban u ln lt l:
A. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ; 9,6 gam. B. NH 4 HCO 3 ; 9,6 gam.
C. NH 4 HCO 3 ; 11,5 gam. D. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ; 11,5 gam.
n H2SO4= 0,1mol n ( NH4 ) SO4= 0,1mol n NH= 3
0, 2 mol ta i th p n ngay
2
A. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ; 9,6 gam. 0,1.(18.2 + 60) =

9,6
B. NH 4 HCO 3 ; 9,6 gam. 0,2.79 = 15,8
C. NH 4 HCO 3 ; 11,5 gam. 0,2.79 = 15,8
409
D. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ; 11,5 gam. 0,1.(18.2 + 60) = 9,6

Cu 7: Nung nng hn hp gm 15,8 gam KMnO 4 v 24,5 gam KClO 3 mt thi
gian thu c 36,3 gam hn hp Y gm 6 cht. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl
c d un nng lng kh clo sinh ra cho hp th vo 300 ml dung dch NaOH
5M un nng thu c dung dch Z. C cn Z c cht rn khan cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Khi lng cht rn khan thu c l:
A. 12g B. 91,8g C. 111g D. 79,8g
n KMnO4 = 0,1mol 15,8 + 24,5 36,3
=
BTKL
n O = 0, 25 mol
n KClO3 = 0, 2 mol 16
BTE
0,1.5= + 0, 2.6 0, 25.2 + 2n Cl2=
n Cl2 0, 6 mol
n
n NaCl = 1mol
.v
n NaCl = a mol a + b = 1, 2
BTNT.Clo
BTE = m 91,8= n NaClO3 0, 2 mol

n NaClO3 = b mol a= 5b
om

n NaOH = 0,3 mol
Cu 8: Nung 44 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 trong bnh kn cho n khi
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Cht rn Y phn ng va
.c
vi 600 ml dung dch H 2 SO 4 0,5 M v thy Y tan ht. Khi lng Cu v Cu(NO 3 ) 2
c trong hn hp X l:
ok
A. 12,4 g Cu; 31,6 g Cu(NO 3 ) 2 B. 8,8 g Cu; 35,2 g Cu(NO 3 ) 2
C. 6,4 g Cu; 37,6 g Cu(NO 3 ) 2 D. 9,6 g Cu; 34,4 g Cu(NO 3 ) 2
bo
n=
H 2SO 4 0,3 mol =n H2O 0,3 mol BTNT

= nO = n CuO 0,3 mol
n Cu = a mol = a + b 0,3
=
BTNT.Cu
a 0,1mol
44 BTKL C
et
n Cu(NO3 )2 = b mol 64a + 188b = 44 b = 0, 2 mol

Cu 9: Cho 0,5 mol Mg v 0,2 mol Mg(NO 3 ) 2 vo bnh kn khng c oxi ri nung
vi
nhit cao n phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp cht rn X. Hn hp cht

rn X tc dng vi nhiu nht 500 ml dung dch Fe(NO 3 ) 3 c nng aM. Gi tr
ng
ca a l:
A. 0,667. B. 0,4. C. 2. D. 1,2.
a
n Mg = 0,5 mol n MgO = 0, 4 mol

BTNT

= n NO2 0, 4 mol BTNT:oxi

kh

n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0, 2 mol n Mg = 0,3 mol
Fe + 1e Fe
3+ 2+
2+
n Fe3+ =
0, 6 mol
Mg 2e Mg
Cu 10. A l hn hp cc mui Cu ( NO3 )2 , Fe ( NO3 )2 , Fe ( NO3 )3 , Mg ( NO3 )2 .

Trong O chim 28,8% v khi lng. Cho dd KOH d vo dd cha 50 gam
mui A. Lc kt ta thu c em nung trong chn khng n khi lng khng
i thu c m gam oxit. Gi tr ca m l:
410
A. 33,8 B. 47,3 C. 17,6 D. 39,3

Cu ny bi l v l v trong tt c cc mui %m o u ln hn 28,8% thm
ch l >50%
tng ca bi ton nh sau :
m Otrong A =50.28,8% =14, 4 n Otrong A =0, 9 mol n trong
NO
A
=0,3 mol
3
p dng bo ton in tch d thy trong oxit th s mol O = 0,5 s mol NO3
C ngay: m Oxit =m muoi m NO + m O =50 0,3.62 + 0,15.16 =33,8g
3
Cu 11. Nhit phn hon ton 1,88 gam Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ri hp th ton b lng kh
sinh ra bng nc thu c 2 lt dung dch X. Tip tc thm 0,04 gam NaOH vo
n
100 ml dung dch X c dung dch Y. pH ca dung dch X,Y ln lt l
.v
A. 2 ; 7,0. B. 3 ; 11,0. C. 2,2 ; 12,0. D. 7; 12,7.

BTNT.nito
n NO2 = 0, 02 mol
om

n Cu(NO3 )2 = 0, 01 0, 02 n HNO3 = 0, 02 mol PH = 2

BTE
=
n O2 = 0, 005
4
n NaOH = 0, 001mol
PH =7
.c
= n HNO3 0,= 02 / 20 0, 001mol
ok
Cu 13: Nhit phn hon ton 0,2 mol mui M(NO 3 ) 2 th thu c 16,0 gam oxit
v 10,08 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm NO 2 v O 2 . X l hn hp RBr v MBr 2 . Ly
bo
31,9 gam hn hp X c s mol bng nhau tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d thu
c 67,2 gam kt ta. Tng s proton ca M2+ v R+ l :
et
A. 36. B. 38. C. 35. D. 37.

BTNT n NO2 = 0, 4 mol
vi
0, 2M ( NO3 )2
n O2 = 0, 45 0, 4 = 0, 05 mol
ng

BTNT.oxi
= trong.oxit
n oxi 0, 2.2.3 0, 4.2 =0, 05.2 0,3 mol
= n RBr a mol n AgBr = 3a 26 Fe
a
Fe2 O3 31, 9 67, 2 =

a 0,1mol
n FeBr2 = a mol n Ag = a 11 Na
kh
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm 3 mui NH 4 HCO 3 , NaHCO 3 , Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 . Nung 48,8

gam hn hp X n khi lng khng i, thu c 16,2 gam cht rn Y. Cho Y
vo dung dch HCl ly d, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca
NH 4 HCO 3 trong hn hp X l:
A. 34,43 %. B. 32,38 %. C. 35,6 %. D. 33,2 %.
411
n = a mol
NH4HCO3 n Na CO = 0,5b
t0
48,8 = n NaHCO3 b mol 16, 2 2 3 + HCl =
n CO2 0,5b
n CaO = c
n Ca( HCO3 )2 = c mol
79a + 84b + 162c = 48,8 = a 0, 2 mol

53b + 56c = 16, 2 = b 0, 2 mol %NH 4 HCO3 B
= 0,5b 0,1 = c 0,1mol

Cu 15: Nhit phn hon ton 36,8 gam qung lmit (c cha 25% khi lng
tp cht tr) kh thot ra c hp th hon ton bng 210 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2
1M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 41,37. B. 19,7. C. 23,64. D. 29,55.
.v
36,8.0, 75
n=
dolomit n MgCO3=
.CaCO3 = 0,15 BTNT
=n CO2 0,3 mol
84 + 100
om
n CO = 0,3 mol
2 n = 0, 21.2 0,3= 0,12 m= 23, 64g
n Ba(OH)2 = 0, 21mol .c
Cu 16: Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeCO 3 , Fe(NO 3 ) 2 trong bnh chn khng
n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c cht rn l Fe 2 O 3 v 10,08 lt (
ok
ktc) hn hp ch gm hai kh. Nu cho hn hp X trn tc dng vi dung dch
H 2 SO 4 long d th thu c ti a bao nhiu lt kh ( ktc, sn phm kh duy
nht l NO) ?
bo
A. 2,80 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 1,68 lt.

a+b
n Fe2O3 = 2
et
n FeCO3 = a mol
X
BTNT
n CO2 = a
vi
n Fe(NO3 )2 = b mol
n NO2 = 2b
ng

a + 2b =0, 45 a = 0,15 mol
BTE
a
a + b= 2b b = 0,15 mol
kh
X n FeCO3 = 0, 075 mol n Fe=

2+ 0,15 mol n= NO 0, 05 mol
:
BTE
BTNT V= 2,8 lit
2 n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0, 075 mol n CO2 = 0, 075 mol
Cu 17: Nhit phn hon ton 83,5 gam mt hn hp hai mui nitrat: A(NO 3 ) 2 v
B(NO 3 ) 2 (A l kim loi h s v tc dng c vi nc iu kin thng, B l
kim loi h d) ti khi to thnh nhng oxit, th tch hn hp kh thu c gm
NO 2 v O 2 l 26,88 lt (0oC v 1atm). Sau khi cho hn hp kh ny qua dung dch
NaOH d th th tch ca hn hp kh gim 6 ln. Thnh phn % theo khi lng
ca A(NO 3 ) 2 v B(NO 3 ) 2 trong hn hp ln lt l:
A. 78,56% v 21,44%. B. 40% v 60%.
C. 33,33% v 66,67%. D. 50% v 50%.
412
1
A ( NO3 )2 AO + 2NO 2 + 2 O 2 n NO2 = 1mol
;
B ( NO ) BO + 2NO + 1 O n O2 = 0.02 mol
3 2 2
2
2
m AO+BO = 31,1 Ca
AB =46
n AO+BO = 0, 05 Mn
Cu 18: Nung m gam hn hp X gm KClO 3 v KMnO 4 thu c cht rn Y
(KCl, K 2 MnO 4 , MnO 2 , KMnO 4 ) v O 2 . Trong Y c 1,49 gam KCl chim 19,893%
theo khi lng. Trn lng O 2 trn vi khng kh theo t l th tch
VO2 : VKK = 1: 4 thu c hn hp kh Z. t chy ht 0,528 gam cacbon bng hn
n
hp Z thu c hn hp kh T gm 3 kh O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 , trong CO 2 chim 22%
.v
v th tch. Bit trong khng kh c 80% N 2 v 20% O 2 theo th tch. Gi tr ca m
l:
om
A. 8,53. B. 8,77. C. 8,91. D. 8,70.
X= Y + O2

KCl = 1, 49 m y = 7, 49 .c

nC = nCO2 = 0, 44 mol nT = 0, 2 mol
ok
nO2= 0, 04 mol m= 7, 49 + 0, 04.32= 8, 77 g
Ch : C + O CO Nn s mol kh khng thay i
bo
2 2
Cu 19: Sau khi un nng 23,7 gam KMnO 4 thu c 22,74 gam hn hp cht
rn. Cho hn hp cht rn trn tc dng hon ton vi dung dch axit HCl 36,5% (d
et
= 1,18 g/ml) un nng. Th tch kh Cl 2 (ktc) thu c l :

A. 2,24. B. 4,48 C. 7,056. D. 3,36.
vi
S phn ng :
O2
ng
KMnO t 0
4
(1)
K 2 MnO 4
a
HCl MnCl 2
MnO2 + Cl 2
kh

(2)

KMnO KCl
4
Nh vy, sau ton b qu trnh phn ng : Cht oxi ha l Mn+7 trong KMnO 4 ,
s oxi ha ca Mn thay i t +7 v +2. Cht kh l O 2 trong KMnO 4 v
Cl 1 trong HCl, s oxi ha ca O thay i t -2 v 0, s oxi ha ca Cl thay i
t -1 v 0.
p dng bo ton khi lng, ta c :
0,96
m O = 23,7
22,74
= 0,96 gam n O2 = = 0,03 mol.
2
m KMnO m chat ran
32
4
413
p dng bo ton electron, ta c :
5n KMnO = 4 n O + 2 n Cl n Cl = 0,315 mol

4 2 2 2
0,15 0,03 ?
VCl = 0,315.22,4
(ktc)
= 7,056 lt
2
Cu 20: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp T gm Fe(NO 3 ) 2 v Al(NO 3 ) 3 thu c hn

hp kh X. Trn hn hp kh X vi 112 ml kh O 2 (ktc) thu c hn hp kh Y.
Hp th hon ton hn hp kh Y vo 3,5 lt H 2 O (khng thy c kh thot ra) thu
c dung dch c pH = 1,7. Phn trm khi lng ca Fe(NO 3 ) 2 trong hn hp T
l:
A. 62,83%. B. 50,26%. C. 56,54%. D. 75,39%.
n
X + 0, 005O Y
.v
2
1
2NO2 + O2 + H 2 O 2HNO3
om
2
H + = 0, 02 n + = 0, 07 mol
H
n NO2 0,=07 mol n Fe ( NO3 ) = a mol n Fe O 0,5a

.c
X
2 2 3
= =
n O2 0, 0125 mol n Al ( NO3 )3 b=mol n Al2 O3 0,5b
ok
2a + 3b= 0,07= n N

n O = 6a + 9b = 1,5a + 1,5b + 0,07.2 + 0,0125.2
bo
a = 0, 02 mol
%Fe ( NO3 )2 =
62,83%
b = 0, 01mol
et
Cu 21 : Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm vi Fe 2 O 3 trong iu kin khng c

vi
khng kh. Chia hn hp sau phn ng thnh hai phn. Phn mt c khi lng 67
gam cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thy c 16,8 lt H 2 bay ra. Ha
ng
tan phn hai bng mt lng d dung dch HCl thy c 84 lt H 2 bay ra. Bit cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton v cc th tch o ktc . khi lng Fe thu c trong
qu trnh nhit nhm l:
a
A. 56gam B. 112gam C. 28 gam D. 84 gam

kh
414
n Fe = 2a mol
2a.56 + 27b + 102a =
67
= P1 =67 n Al b mol
BTE

BTNT.oxi 3b = 0, 75.2
n Al2O3 = a mol

a = 0, 25 mol

b = 0,5 mol
n = k
P2 Fe
BTE
2k
= + 3k 3, 75.2= k 1,5 mol
n Al = k

n
n Fe = 2a + k = 2(mol)
.v
Cu 22: Nung m gam hn hp X gm Zn(NO 3 ) 2 v NaNO 3 nhit cao n
phn ng hon ton thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc) . Cho kh Y hp th vo
om
nc thu c 2 lt dd Z v cn li 3,36 lt kh (ktc) khng b hp th (coi nh
oxi khng tan trong nc). Dung dch Z c:
A. PH = 1,3
NO2
B. PH = 1 .c
C. PH = 1,7 D. PH = 2
= O2 0,15
+ H 2 O =
ok
n Y 0,4
O
2
0, 4 0,15
bo

BTNT.nito
n NO
= n=
axit =
.4 0, 2 mol PH = 1
2
5
Ch : Bo ton e c ngay s mol NO 2 gp 4 ln s mol O 2
et
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm KClO 3 ,Ca(ClO 3 ) 2 ,CaCl 2 v KCl c tng khi lng l

83,68 gam. Nhit phn hon ton X thu c 17,472 lt O 2 (ktc) v cht rn Y
gm CaCl 2 v KCl. Y tc dng va 0,36 lt dung dch K 2 CO 3 0,5M thu c
vi
dung dch Z. Lng KCl trong Z nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl trong X. Phn trm
ng
khi lng KClO 3 trong X l?

A. 47,62% B. 23,51% C. 58,55% D. 81,37%
n CaCl2 = a mol
a
n O2 = 0, 78 mol m Y= 83, 68 0, 78.32= 58, 72g

n KCl = b mol
kh
111a + 74,5b = 58,72

n CaCO= 0,18 =a 0,18 mol =
b 0,52 mol
Y + 0,18K 2 CO3 3
n Z= n KCl= b + 0,36
n KCl=
Z
0,88 mol n KCl= X
0,12 mol
49

BTNT
n = b 0,12
KClO3 = 0, 4 mol %KClO=
3 C
83, 68
415
Cu 24 : Nung hn hp gm 6,4 gam Cu v 54 gam Fe(NO 3 ) 2 trong bnh kn ,chn

khng. Sau phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh X . Cho X phn ng ht vi
nc thu c 2 lt dung dch Y. pH ca dung dch Y l:
A. 0,664 B. 1,3 C. 1 D. 0,523.
n Cu = 0,1mol

n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,3mol
n CuO = 0,1mol

n Fe2 O3 = 0,15 mol

BTNT
n HNO3 = a mol
= n NO2 0,6 mol
n

n =
NO 0,6 a
=
BTE
a 2(0,6 a) + 0, 025.4
.v
n = 0, 025 mol
O2
om
a = 0, 433mol
+ PH = A
H = 0,2167

.c
Vi BTE mnh lun mc nh l bn tri l s mol e nhng ,bn phi l s mol
ok
e nhn.
Cu 25. Hn hp X gm Fe(NO 3 ) 2 , Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v AgNO 3 . Thnh phn % khi
lng ca nit trong X l 11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn
bo
hp ba kim loi t 14,16 gam X?

et
mN trong X
= 14,16.0,11864 = 1, 68 n N = 0,12 mol n O
trong X
= 0,36 mol

BTKL
m
= m X m(N,=
O) 14,16 0,12.14 0,36.16
= 6, 72g
vi
KL
Cu 26. Tin hanh nhit phn hoan toan m gam hn hp X gm Cu (NO 3 ) 2 va Cu

ng
trong mt binh kin , thu c cht rn Y co khi lng (m 7,36) gam. Cho ton
b cht rn Y tac dung vi dung dich H2SO4 c nong d n khi phan ng xay ra
hoan toan thu c 0,672 lt SO2 (ktc) la san phm kh duy nht. Gia tri m la:
a
A. 19,52 g. B. 20,16 g. C. 22,08 g. D. 25,28 g.

kh
Do Y + H 2 SO 4 c SO 2 nn Y cha Cu d do khi lng gim l khi lng

ca NO 2 (0,16 mol)
n Cu( NO3 ) = 0, 08 mol
C ngay :
BTNT.nito
m 2
n
Cu = a mol
t0 n = a + 0, 08
m 7,36 Cu
n O = 6.0, 08 2, 0,16 = 0,16 mol

BTE
2(a =
+ 0, 08) 0,16.2 + 0, 03.2
= a 0,11mol
= m 22, 08g
416
Cu 27: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp gm m 1 gam Fe(NO 3 ) 2 v m 2 gam

Al(NO 3 ) 3 thu c hn hp kh X Trn hn hp kh X vi 112 ml kh O 2 (ddktc)
c hn hp kh Y. Hp th hon ton hn hp kh Y vo 3,5 lt H 2 O (khng thy
c kh thot ra) c dung dch c pH = 1,7. Gi tr m 1 v m 2 ln lt l
A. 4,5 v 6,39 B. 2,700 v 3,195
C. 3,60 v 2,130 D. 1,80 v 0,260
= =
n Fe(NO3 )2 2a mol BTNT n Fe2O3 a mol

= n Al(NO3 )3 2b= mol n Al2O3 b mol
n NO= 4a + 6b
2
n

X
BTNT
12a + 18b 3a 3b 2(4a + 6b)
=n O2 = 0,5a + 1,5b
.v
2
n NO= 4a + 6b =4a + 6b 4(0,5a + 1,5b + 0, 005)
BTE
om
Y
2
BTNT nito
n O2 = 0,5a + 1,5b + 0, 005 n=
axit 0,=
07 4a + 6b
a = 0, 01mol
C .c
b = 0, 005 mol
ok
Cu 28. Nhit phn hon ton hn hp X gm KNO 3 v Fe(NO 3 ) thu c hn
hp kh Y. Dn t t hn hp kh Y vo nc thy cc kh c hp th hon ton.
T l v s mol ca 2 cht tng ng trong hn hp X l :
bo
A. 1 : 1 B. 2 : 1 C. 1 : 2 D. 1 : 3
n = 2b
= n KNO3 a= mol n KNO2 a mol BTNT NO2
et
X a + 0,5b
= n Fe(NO3 )2 b=
mol n Fe2O3 0,5b n O2 =
2
vi
a + 0,5b
BTE
= n NO2 4n O2 =
2b 4 = b 2a
ng
2
Cu 29. em nung mt khi lng Ca(NO 3 ) 2 sau mt thi gian dng li. lm
ngui ri cn thy khi lng gim 0,54 gam. Khi lng Ca(NO 3 ) 2 b nhit
a
phn l:
kh
A. 0,8200 gam B. 2,7675 gam

C. 0,4500 gam D. 0,2321 gam
Ca ( NO3 )2 Ca ( NO2 )2 + O2
0
t
0,54
nO = = 0,016875 mol m Ca nhie t pha n
( NO3 )2 = 2,7675g
2
32
Cu 30: Nhit phn hon ton 50 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr
sinh ra 8,96 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca
CaCO 3 .MgCO 3 trong loi qung nu trn l:
417
A. 50%. B. 73,6% C. 40%. D. 84,2%.

Ta c=
: n CO2 0, 4 mol n CaCO=
BTNT.C
3 .MgCO3
0, 2 mol
0,2.184
%CaCO3 .MgCO3 = .100 =73,6%
50
Cu 31: Nhit phn hon ton 1,88g mt mui nitrat ca kim loi ho tr II thy
thot ra 0,56 lit hn hp kh (ktc). Cng thc ca mui nitrat l:
A. Zn(NO 3 ) 2 B. Cu(NO 3 ) 2
C. Fe(NO 3 ) 2 D. Hg(NO 3 ) 2
Gi s s oxi ha ca kim loi khng i.Ta c ngay :
n NO = a mol
n
a + b =0, 025
0, 025 2 BTE
n O2 = b mol
.v
a= 4b
= a 0, 02 mol = n muoi 0, 01mol

BTNT.N
om
b = 0, 005 mol
M muoi =188 M kim loai =188 62.2 =64 Chn B
.c
Cu 32: Nhit phn 50,56 gam KMnO 4 sau mt thi gian thu c 46,72 gam cht
rn. Cho ton b lng kh sinh ra phn ng ht vi hn hp X gm Mg, Fe thu
ok
c hn hp Y nng 13,04 gam. Ha tan hon ton hn hp Y trong dung dch
H 2 SO 4 c, nng d thu c 1,344 lt SO 2 (ktc). Thnh phn % v khi lng
bo
Mg trong X l:
A. 39,13%. B. 52,17%. C. 28,15%. D. 46,15%.
et

BTKL
=
m O 50,56 =
46,72 3,84 =
n O 0,24
n Mg = a mol
vi
= 24a + 56b =
BTKL
9, 2 a 0,15 mol
13, 04g n Fe b mol BTE
ng
= 2a + 3b 0, 24.2 + 0, 06.2 b = 0,1mol

n O = 0, 24 mol
0,15.24
a
%Mg
= =.100 39,13%
9,2
kh
Cu 33: Nung 19,4 gam hn hp Fe(NO 3 ) 2 , AgNO 3 mt thi gian thu c hn

hp cht rn X. Cho X vo nc n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d c 4,32 gam cht rn
khng tan. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c kh khng mu thot ra ha
nu trong khng kh. Phn trm khi lng ca AgNO 3 trong hn hp ban u l
A. 30,94%. B. 35,05 % C. 22,06%. D. 30,67%.
V Z tc dng vi HCl cho kh NO nn Z phi c Fe2+ v NO3 .Do ,Z khng
cn Ag+
Vy ta c :
418
4,32 0, 04.170
n Ag =
n AgNO3 = = 0, 04 mol %AgNO3 = .100 =
35, 05%
108 19, 4
Cu 34: Nung nng m gam PbS ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian, thu c hn
hp rn (c cha mt oxit) nng 0,95 m gam. Phn trm khi lng PbS b t
chy l:
A. 95,00 % B. 25,31 % C. 74,69 % D. 64,68 %
thy PbS PbO
Do mi mol PbS b nhit phn khi lng cht rn s gim 32 16 = 16 gam.
Cho m =100 .Ta c ngay :
5
m=
5(gam) n PbS
pha n ng
= 0,3125 mol
n
=
16
.v
pha n ng
m=
PbS
0,3125.(207
= + 32) 74,69g
Cu 35: Trn KMnO 4 v KClO 3 vi mt lng bt MnO 2 trong bnh knh thu
om
c hn hp X. Ly 52,550 gam X em nung nng , sau mt thi gian thu c
hn hp cht rn Y v V lt kh O 2 . Bit KClO 3 b nhit phn hon ton to 14,9
gam KCl chim 36,315% khi lng Y. Sau cho ton b Y tc dng hon ton
.c
vi axit HCl c du ung nng, sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 51,275
gam mui khan. Hiu sut ca qu trnh nhit phn mui KMnO4 trong X l:
ok
A. 62,5% B. 91,5% C. 75% D. 80%
14, 9
bo
n KCl = 0, 2 mol n KClO3 = 0, 2 mol mY = = 41, 03g

0,36315
52,550 41, 03
=
BTKL
n O2 = 0,36 mol
et
32
V cho X hoc Y tc dng vi HCl th khi lng mui nh nhau nn.
vi
n KMnO = a mol
ng
4
n KCl= a + 0, 2
=
Ta c ngay : m X 52,55 = n KClO3 0, 2 mol
HCl

n MnCl2 = a + b
n
MnO2 = b mol
a
kh
74,5(a + 0,2) + 126(a + b) =

51,275

BTKL

158a + 87b= 52,55 24,5
a = 0,15 mol t0
2KMnO 4 K 2 MnO 4 + MnO2 + O2
b = 0, 05 mol
0,36 0,3
=H% = 80%
0, 075
Cu 36: Cho 31,6 gam hn hp Cu v Cu(NO 3 ) 2 v mt bnh kn khng cha
khng kh ri nung bnh nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng
419
cht rn gim 9,2 gam so vi ban u. Cho cht rn ny tc dng vi HNO 3 thy
c NO thot ra. Khi lng Cu trong hn hp u l:
A. 18,8. B. 12,8. C. 11,6. D. 15,7.
V phn ng hon ton v cht rn tc dng vi HNO 3 c kh NO 9,2 gam l
NO 2 .
9, 2 BTNT.N + BTKL n Cu(NO3 )2 = 0,1mol
=
Ta c : n NO = 0, 2 mol 31, 6
46 m Cu = 12,8g
2
Cu 37: Nhit phn hon ton 9,4 gam 1 mui nitrat kim loi thu c 4 gam cht
rn oxit. CTPT ca mui l:
A. Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . B. Cu(NO 3 ) 2 . C. KNO 3 . D. AgNO 3 .
n
V thu c oxit nn ta loi C v D ngay.
.v
9, 4
Vi B ta c: n Cu(NO
= 3 )2
= 0, 05 mol BTNT.Cu
= m CuO 0, 05.80= 4g
188
om
Cu 38: Nung nng mg Cu(NO 3 ) 2 sau mt thi gian dng li, lm ngui ri cn
thy khi lng gim 0,54 gam.Vy khi lng Cu(NO 3 ) 2 b nhit phn l:
A. 0,5 gam. B. 0,49 gam. .cC. 0,94 gam. D. 9,4 gam.
Ta c :
ok
n b nhiet phan = a mol
Cu( NO3 )2
m 2a.46 + 0,5a.32
= = 0,54g
Cu ( NO3 )2
t0
CuO + 2NO2 + 0,5O2
bo
= a 0, 005 mol
= m Cu(NO3 )2 0,94g
et
BI TON NG V
vi
Gi s nguyn t A c n ng v.Phn trm cc ng v ln lt l x1 , x 2 ...x n

ng
A1 .x1 + A2 .x 2 + A3 .x3 + ...

Ta c cng thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh: A =
x1 + x 2 + x3 + ...
a
Ch bi ton : Tnh % ca 1 ng v no trong hp cht.

kh
Cu 1: Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 2963 Cu v 65

29
Cu . Nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca
ng v 2965 Cu l:
A. 27% B. 50% C. 54% D. 73%
65 X + 63(100 X )
63,54 = X = 27 A
Ta c : 100
Cu 2: Trong t nhin clo c hai ng v bn: 37
17 Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn
t, cn li l 35
17 Cl . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca 37
17 Cl trong HClO 4 l:
420
A. 8,92% B. 8,43% C. 8,56% D. 8,79%

37.24, 23 + 35.75,77
Cl = 35, 4846
100
37.0, 2423
= % 1737Cl = .100 8,92%
1 + 64 + 4.35, 4846
Cu 3: Nguyn t X c hai ng v, ng v th nht 35X chim 75%. Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca X l 35,5. ng v th hai l:
A. 34X. B. 37X. C. 36X. D. 38X.
75.35 + 25. X
=
35,5 = X 37
100
n
Cu 4: Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54 c 2 ng v X v Y,
.v
bit tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v X = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Y.
Vy s ntron ca ng v Y t hn s ntron ca ng v X l:
om
A. 2 B. 4. C. 6. D. 1.
=
X + Y 100=% X 27%
.c
= =
X 0,37 Y %Y 73%
27 X + 73 (128 X ) X = 65
ok
=63,54 A
100 Y = 63
Cu 5: Mt nguyn t R c 2 ng v c t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn ca
bo
R c 35 ht proton. ng v th nht c 44 ht ntron, ng v th 2 c s khi

nhiu hn ng v th nht l 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l bao
et
nhiu?
A. 79,2. B. 79,8. C. 79,92. D. 80,5.
vi
= X + Y 100 = % X 54%= X 79 79.54 + 81.46

= R C
= 23 X 27Y= =
ng
%Y 46% Y 81 100
Cu 6: Trong t nhin Ag c hai ng v bn l 107Ag v 109Ag. Nguyn t khi
trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87. Hm lng 107Ag c trong AgNO 3 l (bit N =14;
a
O = 16)
kh
A. 43,12%. B. 35,59%. C. 35,56%. D. 35,88%.

107X + 109(100 X)
% 107 Ag= X 107,87= X= 56,5%
100
107.0,565
% 107 Ag= X trong AgNO3= .100= 35,59%
107,87 + 62
Cu 7: Nguyn t Brom c 2 ng v l 79 Br v 81 Br . Khi cho Br 2 phn ng va
vi 3,45 gam Na thu c 15,435 gam mui. Cho bit nguyn t khi ca Na l
23, thnh phn % v s nguyn t ca ng v 79 Br trong hn hp hai ng v l:
A. 45% B. 54,38% C. 44,38% D. 55%
421
15,435
=
n Na 0,15
BTNT
n=
Na Br
0,15 23=
+M
= M 79,9
0,15
79X + 81(100 X)
% 79
Br : X = 79,9 X= 55
100
Cu 8: Hidro c iu ch bng cch in phn nc, hidro gm 2 loi ng
v 11H v 12 D . Bit nguyn t khi ca hidro l 1,008, nguyn t khi ca oxi l
16. Trong 27,024 gam nc ni trn c s nguyn t ng v 2
1 D l:
21 22
A.14,214.10 B.33,502.10
C.13,352.1021 D.14,455.1021
n
2.X + 1.(100 X)
=
Ta c : 1,008 = X 0,8%
.v
100
27,024 1,5.6,023.1023.2.0,8
n nc = = 1,5 N 2 D = =14,45.1021
om
2.1,008 + 16 1 100
Cu 9: Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 2963 Cu v 2965 Cu . Nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm ca ng v
.c
65
29
Cu trong CuSO 4 l:
ok
A.17% B.11% C.21% D.14%
65 X + 63(100 X )
=
Ta c : 63,54 = X 27
bo
100
0,27.65
% = 65
29 Cu = .100 11%
63,54 + 96
et
BI TON TNH BN KNH NGUYN T

Cn nh mt s cng thc :
vi
m
Khi lng ring ca mt cht : D =
ng
.
V
4 3
Th tch khi cu : V = r ; r l bn knh ca khi cu.
a
3
kh
m
Lin h gia D v V ta c cng thc : D =
4
.3,14.r 3
3
Ta gii bi ton nh sau :
Gi s c 1 mol nguyn t.
m Vtinh the .% 4
Vtinh the = V1.n.tu = = r 3 r = ...
D 6,023.10 23
3
BI TP P DNG
422
Cu 1: Gi thit trong tinh th, cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 75%

th tch tinh th, phn cn li l cc khe rng gia cc qu cu, cho khi lng
nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85 20oC khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,78 g/cm3. Cho
V hc = 4/3 r3. Bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe l:
A. 1,44.10-8 cm. B. 1,29.10-8 cm.
C. 1,97.10 cm. -8
D. Kt qu khc.
Gi s c 1 mol nguyn t Fe:
m 55,85
Vtinh the= = = 7,179(cm3 )
D 7,78
Vtinh the .0,75 4 3
V1.= n .tu
= 8,94.10=
24
r = r 1,29.108 cm
3
n
6,023.10 23
Cu 2: 200C khi lng ring ca Au l D Au = 19,32 g/cm3. Gi thit trong tinh
.v
th cc nguyn t Au l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th. Bit khi
om
lng nguyn t ca Au l 196,97. Tnh bn knh nguyn t ca Au l :
A. 1,44.108 cm B. 2,54.108 cm
C. 1,84.108 cm D. 1,68.108 cm
.c 196,97
Ta c: Th tch ca 1 mol tinh th Au: V Au = = 10,195 cm 3
ok
19,32
75 1
Th tch ca 1 nguyn t Au: 10,195. . = 12,7.10 24 cm 3
bo
23
100 6,023.10
3V 3.12,7.10 24
Bn knh ca Au: r = 3 = = 1,44.10 8 cm
et
3
4. 4.3,14
Cu 3: Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm3. Gi thit rng, trong
vi
tinh th canxi cc ngt l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li
ng
l khe rng. Bn knh nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l:

A. 0,155nm. B. 0,185 nm.
a
C. 0,196 nm. D. 0,168 nm.

40
kh
+ Th tch 1 mol tinh th Ca =

: V = 28,81cm 3
1,55
+ Th tch 1 mol nguyn =
t Ca : V 28,81.74%
= 19,1cm 3
19,1
+ Th tch 1 nguyn t=
Ca : V = 23
3,17.1023 cm 3
6,02.10
4 3 3V
p dng cng thc : V = r r = 3 = 1,96.108 cm = 0,196 nm
3 4
Cu 4: Nguyn t X c cu trc mng lp phng tm din (hnh di).
Phn trm th tch khng gian trng trong mng li tinh th ca X l:
423
A. 32 %. B. 26 %. C. 74 %. D. 68 %.
a l di mng c s; r l bn knh nguyn t
1 1 4
4. . .r 3
.8 + .6 =4 3
C ngay 8 2 f= = 0,74 B
a 2 = 4r a3

Cu 5: Cho bit KLNT ca Mg l 24,305 v khi lng ring ca magie kim loi
l 1,74 g / cm3 .Gi thit cc nguyn t Mg l nhng hnh cu ni tip trong cc
hnh lp phng.Bn knh gn ng ca Mg l :
A. 4,41.108 cm B. 3,61.108 cm C. 1,41.108 cm D. 1,01.108 cm
n
24,305
+ Th tch 1 mol tinh th Ca
= :V = 13,986 cm 3
.v
1,74
om
V
+ Th tch 1 hnh lp phng
= con : v = 2,319.1023 cm 3
6,023.1023
+ ng knh nguyn t Mg bng cnh hnh lp phng nn ta c :
=
r =
L 13
v=
13
2,319.1023= 1,41.108 cm
.c
2 2 2
ok
CON NG T DUY S 22
bo
NHNG K XO GII TON HIDROCACBON

lm tt v nhanh cc bi ton v Hidrocacbon iu u tin cc bn phi
et
quan nim n l 1 hn hp gm C v H. Sau xem trong hn hp s lin

kt pi tng cng l bao nhiu.Sau p vi k thut mnh gii thiu di y th
vi
bi ton Hidrocacbon s tr nn v cng n gin.

ng
A. K thut kt hp nh lut BTNT v BTKL

Vi BTNT ta xem : C v H bin i u? Thng n chui vo CO 2 v H 2 O.
a
Vi BTKL ta t duy rt n gin: m Hidrocacbon = m ( C, H )

kh
Ni l thuyt th l nh vy tuy nhin cc bn ng ch quan nha.Nn luyn tp

c k xo gii bi tp. iu mi l quan trng v cn thit. Cc bn
nghin cu cc v d sau:
Cu 1: Thc hin phn ng crackinh butan thu c mt hn hp X gm cc
CO 2 v b mol H 2 O. Vy a v b c gi tr l:
424
C. a = 1,2 mol v b = 1,6 mol D. a = 1,2 mol v b = 2,0 mol

m= m= tan g
5, 6(gam)
anken Brom
Ta c : 25, 6
n= n= = 0,16 mol

Brom anken
160
0,16.60%
nTrong
Ankan =
X
= 0, 24 mol nBu tan= 0, 24 mol
40%
5,6
M anken= = 35 C2,5 H 5
0,16
n
BTNT ( C + H )
nC4 H10 = 0, 24
.v
= n C = 0, 4 mol
0,16.2,5
om
anken
=
n H 0,=
4.2 0,8 mol

n C= 0, 24.4 0, 4= 0,56 mol a = 056 mol
ankan n=
BTNT

0, 24.10 0,8
= 1, 6 mol b = 0,8 mol
H
.c
Cu 2: un nng hn hp kh X gm 0,06 mol C 2 H 2 , 0,05 mol C 3 H 6 v 0,07 mol
ok
H 2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y gm C 2 H 6 ,
C 2 H 4 ,C 3 H 8 , C 2 H 2 d, C 3 H 6 d v H 2 d. t chy hon ton hn hp Y ri cho
bo
sn phm hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong d. Khi lng bnh dung dch

nng thm l:
et
n C H = 0, 06 mol
2 2 n = 0, 27 mol BTNT n CO2 = 0, 27 mol
vi
Ta c:= X n C3H6 0, 05 mol BTNT

C
= =
n H 0,56 mol n H2O 0, 28 mol
n = 0, 07 mol
ng
H2
Ta li c : =
BTKL
m m ( CO=
, H O)
2 2 0,27.44 +=
0,28.18 16,92g
a
Cu 3: Khi nung butan vi xc tc thch hp thu c hn hp T gm CH 4 , C 3 H 6 ,

kh
C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , H 2 v C 4 H 10 d. t chy hon ton hn hp T thu c 8,96

lt CO 2 (o ktc) v 9,0 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, hn hp T lm mt mu va ht 12
gam Br 2 trong dung dch nc brom. Hiu sut phn ng nung butan l:
A. 75%. B. 65%. C. 50%. D. 45%.
: S mol butan b nhit phn bng s mol anken bng s mol Brom.
n CO = 0, 4 mol BTKL
Ta c : 2 =m Bu tan m(C,
= H) 5,8g = n Bu tan 0,1mol
n H2 O = 0,5 mol
0, 075
n Br= n anken= 0, 075 mol H = = 75%
2
0,1
425
Cu 4: un nng m gam hn hp X gm C 2 H2 , C2 H 4 v H 2 vi xc tc Ni n phn

ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp Y (c t khi so vi hir bng
8). t chy hon ton cng lng hn hp X trn, ri cho sn phm chy hp th
hon ton trong dung dch nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l :
n C H = 0,2 mol
ng che o
V phn ng hon ton v : M Y= 16 Y : 2 6
n H2 = 0,2 mol
=
BTNT.C
m CaCO3 =
0,2.2.100 40 g
n
Cu 5: Cracking 6,72 lt C 4 H 10 (ktc) mt thi gian th thu c hh X gm 5
hidrocacbon . Cho X i qua dd Br 2 d th khi lng bnh Br 2 tng ln 8,4 gam
.v
ng thi c kh Y bay ra khi bnh.t chy Y th cn V lt kh O 2 ktc.Gi tr
ca V l:
om
A. 8,96 B. 22,40 C. 23,52 D. 43,68
Ta c ngay : Khi lng bnh Brom tng l khi lng anken b hp th.
n C = a mol
Ta c : anken Cn H 2n 8, 4
.c

BTKL

= 14a 8, 4 = a 0, 6 mol
n H = 2a mol
ok
n C = 1, 2 mol
Ban u:
= n C4H10 0,3mol
BTNT

n H = 3mol
bo
n C =1, 2 0, 6 = 0, 6 mol Chy n CO2 = 0, 6 mol

BTNT
Y
n H =3 0, 6.2 = n H2O = 0,9 mol
et
1,8 mol
0, 6.2 + 0,9

= = 1, 05 = mol V 23,52 lit
vi
BTNT.O
n OPhan ung
2
2
Cu 6: Hn hp kh X gm CH 4 , C 2 H 2 c M tb X = 23,5. Trn V (lt) X vi V 1 (lt)
ng
hirocacbon Y c 107,5g hh kh Z. Trn V 1 (lt) X vi V (lt) hirocacbon Y c

91,25g hh kh F. Bit V 1 V = 11,2 (lt) (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc ca Y l:
a
A. C 3 H 8 B. C 3 H 6 C. C 4 H 8 D. C 2 H 6
kh
n CH = a mol
Vi hn hp X ta c : V 4 V = 4a V1 4a = 0,5(mol)
n C2H2 = 3a mol
426
n CH4 : a
V = 4a
Trn X vi Y c : m Z = 107,5 n C2 H2 : 3a

V=
1 4a + 0,5
n CH4 ( a + 0,125 )

91, 25Z n C2 H2 ( 3a + 0,375 ) = m 16,=
25 0,5Y 11,75 = Y 56

(4a)Y
Cu 7: Cho hn hp cht rn gm CaC 2 , Al 4 C 3 , Ca vo nc thu c hn hp X
gm 3 kh, trong c 2 kh c cng s mol. Ly 8,96 lt hn hp X (ktc) chia lm
n
2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 : cho vo dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 (d) , sau phn
ng hon ton, thy tch ra 24g kt ta. Phn 2 : Cho qua Ni un nng thu c hn
.v
hp kh Y. Th tch O 2 va (ktc) cn dng t chy hon ton Y l :
om
A. 5,6 lt B. 8,4 lt C. 8,96 lt D. 16,8 lt.
Mi phn ca X s c 0,2 mol.
Ta c :
= n CH a=
4
mol n CH 0, 05 mol
4
.c n CO2 = 0, 25 mol
ok
=nX =
0, 2 n H2 a mol
= X n H2 0, 05 mol
chy

n H2 O = 0, 25 mol
n C2 H=
2
n=
0,1mol n
2 2
C =
H 0,1mol
bo
0, 25.2 + 0, 25

= n O2 = 0,375 mol = V 8, 4 lit
BTNT
OXI
2
et
Cu 8: Hn hp A gm Al 4 C 3 ,CaC 2 v Ca u c s mol l 0,15 mol. Cho hn

hp A vo nc u phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp kh X. Cho hn hp kh
vi
X qua Ni,un nng thu c hn hp kh Y gm C 2 H 2 ;C 2 H 6 ;H 2 ;CH 4 . Cho Y qua

nc brom mt thi gian thy khi lng bnh ng brom tng 3,84 gam v c
ng
11,424 lt hn hp kh Z thot ra(ktc). T khi ca Z so vi H 2 l:

A. 2,7 B. 8 C. 7,41 D. 7,82
a
H 2 = 0,15 mol

kh
BTNT + BTE
A X C 2 H 2 = 0,15 mol
CH = 0, 45 mol
4
MZ 7,56
m X = 11,4 = 3,84 + m Z = = 7,41
2 2.0,51
Cu 9: Hn hp M gm ankin X, anken Y (Y nhiu hn X mt nguyn t cacbon)
v H 2 . Cho 0,25 mol hn hp M vo bnh kn c cha mt t bt Ni un nng. Sau
mt thi gian thu c hn hp N. t chy hon ton N thu c 0,35 mol CO 2
v 0,35 mol H 2 O. Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l
A. C 4 H 6 v C 5 H 10 . B. C 3 H 4 v C 2 H 4 .
427
C. C 3 H 4 v C 4 H 8 . D. C 2 H 2 v C 3 H 6 .
y l cu hidrocacbon kh hay.Tuy nhin cng c nhiu cch lm cu ny:
Cch 1 : Ta i bin lun nh sau : V t N cho n CO2 = n H2 O nn n ankin = n H2 hay
ta c th quy N ch gm 2 anken ng ng lin tip. (Cc p n u cho s C
hn km 1 C)
0,35 0,35
V 0,125 < n N < 0,25 <C< 1,4 < C < 2,8
0,25 0,125
n H2 = a mol

= b mol 2a +=
Cch 2: 0, 25 mol M n anken b 0, 25 .
n
n
ankin = a mol
.v
Ta kt hp vi p n loi tr.
om
2a + b =0,25
Vi p n A: a =0,15; b =0,05 < 0 (Loi)
4a + 5b =0,35
2a + b =0,25 .c
Vi p n B: a =0,15; b =0,05 < 0 (Loi)
3a + 2b =0,35
ok
2a + b =0,25
Vi p n C : a =0,13; b =0,01 < 0 (Loi)
3a + 4b =0,35
bo
2a + b =0, 25
Vi p n D : = a 0,1=
mol b 0, 05 mol
3a + 4b =0,35
et
n H = a mol
2a + b =
2
0, 25
vi
Cch 3: 0, 25 mol M = n C nH2 n b mol

ma + nb = 0,35
n = a mol
ng
C mH2 m2
Ti y ta cng kt hp vi p n v th.
B. K thut tng gim th tch.
a
Vi k thut gim th tch : Gi s X c cha cc hidrocacbon trong c t nht 1

kh
cht khng no. Khi cho X i qua Ni nung nng s c Y v VY < VX l do

l H 2 chui vo hidrocacbon khng no trong X. Do ta lun c :
n = n X n Y = n Hphan ng
2
Vi k thut tng th tch : Thng p dng vi cc bi ton Cracking. Hoc tch

H2.
Ankan
Crackinh
ankan + anken
:
Ankan anken + H 2
Tch H 2
428
Do ta c : n = n Y n X = n ankan
Phan ung
Cc bn nghin cu cc v d sau :
Cu 1: Cho 22,4 lt hn hp kh X (ktc) gm CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 v H 2 c t khi
i vi H 2 l 7,3 i chm qua ng s ng bt Niken nung nng ta thu c
hn hp kh Y c t khi i vi H 2 l 73/6. S mol H 2 tham gia phn ng l:
n = 1 14,6
Ta c: X m X= m Y n Y= = 0,6
= = 14,6
m X 1.7,3.2 73
.2
6
n

= n n=
pha n ng
H
0,4 mol
2
.v
Cu 2: Hn hp kh X gm H 2 v C 2 H 4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Nung X vi
Ni sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut
om
phn ng hiro ha l:
A. 50% B. 20% C. 40% D. 25%
n H : 0,5 .c
Ta c: n X = 1 2
n C2 H4 : 0,5
ok
15
nY = = 0, 75 n = 1 0, 75 = 0, 25 mol H = 50%
20
bo
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm 1 hidrocacbon A th kh v H 2 c t khi so vi H 2 l
4,8 Cho X i qua Ni nung nng n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn
hp Y c t khi so vi CH 4 = 1. Cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon c trong X
et
l:
vi
A. C 3 H 4 B. C 2 H 4 C. C 3 H 6 D. C 2 H 2
M n
ng
cho : nX = 1 mX = 9,6 X = Y = 0,6 n = nHpu2 = 0, 4

M Y nX
Trng hp 1: Nu A l anken :
a
n H = 0, 4 mol 9, 6 0, 4.2
kh
X 2
= MA = 14, 67 (loi)
n Anken = 0, 6 mol 0, 6
Trng hp 2: Nu A l ankin:
n H = 0,8 mol 9, 6 0,8.2
X 2
= MA = 40 ( C 3 H 4 ) Chn A
n Anken = 0, 2 mol 0, 2
Cu 4: Thc hin phn ng tch H 2 t 6,72 lit (ktc) hn hp X gm C 2 H 6 v
C 3 H 8 thu c 11,2 lit (ktc) hn hp Y gm cc anken, ankan v H 2 . Tnh th
tch dung dch Brom 1M cn dng tc dng ht vi Y.
A. 0,2 lt B. 0,3 lt C. 0,5 lt D. 0,4 lt
429
BTLK.
n Br= n Ta
pha n ng
=
H
ch ra
0,5 =
0,3 0,2 mol
= V 0,2(lt)
2 2
Cu 5: Cracking 18 gam ankan A ri cho ton b sn phm thu c li qua bnh

ng dung dich Brom d thy cn li 5,6 lit (ktc) hn hp kh B gm cc
ankan.Tm CTPT ca A.
A. C 5 H 12 B. C 4 H 10 C. C 6 H 14 D. C 7 H 16
Khi cracking ta lun c n Ankan
pha n ng
= n Sau cracking
Ankan
18
n A = n B = 0, 25 mol M A = = 72 ( C5 H12 )
0, 25
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm hai anken c t khi so vi H 2 bng 16,625. Ly hn hp
n
Y cha 26,6 gam X v 2 gam H 2 . Cho Y vo bnh kn c dung tch V lt ( ktc)
c cha Ni xc tc. Nung bnh mt thi gian sau a v 0 0C thy p sut trong
.v
bnh bng 7/9 at. Bit hiu sut phn ng hiro ho ca cc anken bng nhau v
th tch ca bnh khng i. Hiu sut phn ng hiro ho l:
om
A. 40%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 77,77%.
M X = 33, 25
.c
Ta c : n X = 0,8 mol
n = 1 (du)
ok
H2
7
.40,32
n Y = 1,8mol VY = Vbinh = 40,32 nsau phan ng = 9
bo
= 1,4 mol
0,082.273
0,4
et
n n anken
= = 0,4 mol =
pha n ng
H = 50%
0,8
vi
Cu 7: Khi nung butan vi xc tc thch hp n phn ng hon ton thu c hn

hp T gm CH 4 , C 3 H 6 , C2H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , H 2 v C 4 H 6 . t chy hon ton hn
ng
hp T thu c 8,96 lt CO 2 (o ktc) v 9,0 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, hn hp T

lm mt mu va ht 19,2 gam Br 2 trong dung dch nc brom. Phn trm v s
mol ca C 4 H 6 trong T l :
a
A. 9,091%. B. 8,333%. C. 16,67%. D. 22,22%.

kh
Bu tan ankan + anken

Bu tan H 2 + anken

Ta c : Bu tan 2H 2 + ankin
n = 0, 4 mol n = 0,1mol
CO2 Bu tan
n Br = 0,12 mol
2
430
= n T 2n Bu tan + n ankin n = 0, 02 mol

ankin
= = n Bu tan + n ankin
n Br2 0,12 n T = 0, 22 mol
C. K thut bo ton lin kt .

V tng th rt n gin thi. Gi s ta c 1 mol hn hp A cha 1 hoc
nhiu hidrocacbon c tng s lin kt l k (k thng khng phi s nguyn).Khi
A bin thnh cc hidrocacbon no th ta phi bm vo A k mol X 2 (thng l
H 2 hoc Br 2 ). Nh vy BTLK ngha l : n Br2 + n H2 =
k.n A . Cc bn nghin
cu cc v d sau :
n
Cu 1 : Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H 2 v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt
thi gian vi xc tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1.
.v
Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia
om
phn ng. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,0 B. 8,0 C. 3,2 D. 16,0
n H = 0,3 5,8
Ta c : = = =
n Y = 0, 2 mol
m X 5,8 2
n C 4H4 = 0,1
BTKL
mX mY
.c 29
ok
n Hphan ng = 0,4 0,2 = 0,2 mol
2
=(k 3).BTLK.

0,1.3
= 0, 2 + n Br2 n= 0,1 m= = 16g
0,1.160
bo
Br2 Br2
Chn D
Cu 2: Hn hp kh X c th tch 4,48 lt (o ktc) gm H 2 v vinylaxetilen c t
et
l mol tng ng l 3:1. Cho hn hp X qua xc tc Ni nung nng thu c hn

hp kh Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng 14,5. Cho ton b hn hp Y trn t t qua
vi
dung dch nc brom d (phn ng hon ton) th khi lng brom phn ng l:
ng

n H = 0,15
Ta c :=
n X 0, 2 2
BTKL
=
mX =
2, 9 m Y =
n Y 0,1mol
a
n
C 4H4 = 0, 05
kh
BTLK.
=
n 0,1 =
n Br2 0, 05.3=
0,1 0, 05 mol m=
phan ung
Brom 8g
Chn B
Cu 3: Hn hp kh X gm 0,5 mol H 2 ; 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,2 mol axetilen.
Nung X mt thi gian vi xc tc Ni, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H 2
l 19. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom
tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 32. B. 64. C. 48. D. 16.
431
n H2 = 0,5 mol

Ta c : X n C4= H4 0,1mol m=
X 11, 4g

n C2H2 = 0, 2 mol
BTKL 11,4

= n Y = 0,3mol = n n Hpha
= n ng
0,5mol
2.19 2
BTLK.
0,1.3 + 0, 2.2
= n pu
H 2 + n=
pu
Br2 0, 7 mol n= pu
Br2 0, 2 mol =
m 32g
Chn A
Cu 4: Trong mt bnh kn cha 0,35 mol C 2 H 2 ; 0,65 mol H 2 v mt t bt Ni.
Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H 2 bng 8.
n
Sc X vo lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 n phn ng hon ton, thu
.v
c hn hp kh Y v 24 gam kt ta. Hn hp kh Y phn ng va vi bao
nhiu mol Br 2 trong dung dch?
om
n C H = 0,35 mol
Ta c: 2 2 m hh = 10, 4g
n H2 = 0, 65 mol .c
10,4
nX
= = 0,65mol =n n Hpha=
n ng
0,35mol
ok
16 2
X
AgNO3
n CH=
CH n=

0,1mol
bo
BTLK.
( 0,35 0,1
=) .2 nHphan ng + nBr =
n Br 0,5 0,35
= 0,15mol
2 2 2
Chn D
et
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,6 mol H 2 . Nung nng hn hp

X (xc tc Ni) mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng 10.
vi
Dn hn hp Y qua dung dch brom d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi
lng brom tham gia phn ng l:
ng
A. 32gam B. 24 gam C. 8gam D. 16gam

Ta c: n C H = 0,15mol
a
n X 0,75
=
4 4
; m X 9g;
H2 = 0,6 mol
n
kh
9
n=
Y
= 0,45; n=
n Hphan =
ng
0,3mol
20 2
BTLK.

= 0,15.3 n Hphan ng + n Br
pha n ng
n Br
= pha n ng
0,15mol
2 2 2

= = 24g Chn B
m 0,15.160
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm ankin Y va H 2 c t l mol l 1:2 .Dn 13,44 lit hh X
(dktc) qua Ni nung nng thu c hh Z c t khi so vi H 2 l 11.Dn hh Z qua dd
Br 2 d sau phn ng hon ton thy c 32 gam Br 2 phn ng .Cng thc ca
ankin l:
432
A. C 4 H 6 B. C 3 H 4 C. C 2 H 2 D. C 5 H 8
n Y = 0,2 mol
Ta c: n X = 0,6
n H2 = 0,4 mol
BTLK.
= 0,2.2 n Hphan ng +=
n Br
pha n ng
n Hphan ng + 0,2 =
n Hphan ng 0,2 mol
2 2 2 2
nZ = nX n Phan ung
H2 = 0, 6 0, 2 = 0, 4 mol m Z = 0, 4.2.11 = 8,8
8,8 0,4.2

BTKL
=
MY = 40 C 3 H 4 Chn B
0,2
Cu 7: Cho hn hp X gm hidro, propen, propanal, ancol anlyllic. t chy hon
n
ton 1 mol X thu c 40,32 lt CO 2 (ktc). un X vi bt Ni mt thi gian thu
.v
c hn hp Y c d Y/X = 1,25. Nu ly 0,1 mol Y tc dng va vi V lt dung
dch Br 2 0,2M. Gi tr ca V l:
om
A. 0,1 lt B. 0,3 lt C. 0,2 lt D. 0,25 lt
n H = a mol
2 .c
Ta c : X : n C3H6 = b mol

ok
n C3H6O = c mol

bo
a + b + c =1
0,4
3b + 3c = 1,8 b + c = 0,6 n Br = = 0,04 mol
10
et
2
1
n= Y
= 0,8 n= n Hphan =
ng
0,2
1,25 2
vi
BTKL.
n Trong
LK
= b + c n Hphan =
0,8 mol Y ng
0,4
ng
0,4
n Trong
LK
0,1 mol Y
= =0,05 =
n Brom
pha n ng
8
a
0, 05
V= = 0, 25lit
kh
0, 2
Cu 8: Cho hn hp X gm 0,5 mol C 2 H 2 ;0,8mol C 3 H 6 ;0,2 mol C 2 H 4 v 1,4 mol
H 2 vo mt bnh kn cha Ni(xc tc). Nung bnh n nhit cao phn ng
xy ra. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi H 2 bng 14,474.
Hi 1/10 hn hp Z lm mt mu va bao nhiu lt dd B 2 0,1M?
A. 0,1 lt B. 0,6 lt C. 0,8 lt D. 1 lt
Ta c:
433
n C2H2 = 0,5 mol

n C3H6 = 0,8 mol BTLK.
=m X 55 n pu=
H 2 + Br2
0,5.2 + 0,8 +=
0, 2 2 mol
n C2H4 = 0, 2 mol

n H2 = 1, 4 mol

m= m n= 55
X Z Z = 1, 9 n=
n= pu
H2 2, 9 1,=
9 1mol
14, 474.2
1
2 1
10
=
n Br2 = 0,1mol = V 1lit Chn D
10
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 10 , C 2 H 2 v H 2 . Cho m gam X vo bnh kn c
n
cha mt t bt Ni lm xc tc. Nung nng bnh thu c hn hp Y. t chy
.v
hon ton Y cn dng va V lt O 2 (ktc). Sn phm chy cho hp th ht vo
bnh ng nc vi trong d, thu c mt dung dch c khi lng gim 21,45
om
gam. Nu cho Y i qua bnh ng lng d dung dch brom trong CCl 4 th c 24
gam brom phn ng. Mt khc, cho 11,2 lt (ktc) hn hp X i qua bnh ng
dung dch brom d trong CCl 4 , thy c 64 gam brom phn ng. Bit cc phn ng
.c
u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca V l:
ok
A. 21,00. B. 14,28. C. 10,50. D. 28,56.
n C3 H6 = x mol

n C 4 H10 = y mol
bo
m gam X n Xlk = n H2 + n YBr2 x + 2z = t + 0,15

n C2 H2 = z mol
n = t mol
et
H2
n X = x + y + z + t = 2x + y + 3z 0,15
vi
x + 2z 0,4
0,5 mol X + Br2 (0,4 mol) =
ng
2x + y + 3z 0,15 0,5
3x + 4y + 2z = 0,6 = n CO2 = n
a
(
Khi ta c ngay: m m CO2 + m H2 O = )
21,45
kh
0, 6.100 (0, 6.44 m H2O ) = 21, 45 n H2O = 0, 675 mol

0,6.2 + 0,675
=
BTNT
n O2 = 0,9375 = V 21(lit)
2
Cu 10: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 2,24 lt cha mt t bt Ni xc tc v hn
hp kh X gm H 2 , C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 6 ( ktc). T l s mol C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 6 l 1:1. t
nng bnh mt thi gian sau lm lnh ti 00C thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho hn
hp Y qua bnh cha nc Br 2 d thy khi lng bnh Br 2 tng 1,015 gam. Bit t
khi ca X v Y so vi H 2 ln lt l 7,6 v 8,445. Hiu sut phn ng ca C 2 H 4 .
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 12,5%. D. 40%.
434
Ta c :
= n C H a= mol n C H 0, 02 mol
2a + b =
2 4 2 4
0,1
M X = 15, 2 m X = 1,52 n C3H6 = a mol n C H = 0, 02 mol
84a + 2b = 1,52 3 6
= n H2 b= mol n H2 0, 06 mol
n C H = c mol
2 6
n C3H8 = d mol

Li c : M Y = 16,89 n Y = 0, 09 n C2H4 = 0, 02 c

n=C 3H 6 0, 02 d
n
n = 0, 06 c d
H2
.v
28(0,02 c) + 42(0,02 d) =
1,015

om
c + d =0,01
c = 0, 0025 mol 0,0025

= H = 12,5%
d = 0, 0075 mol 0, 25 .c
ok
Cu 11: Mt hn hp kh X gm Hiro, Propen, propin. t chy hon ton V lt
hn hp th th tch kh CO 2 thu c bng th tch hi nc( Cc th tch o cng
iu kin). Dn V lt hn hp trn qua Ni nung nng thu c 0,6V lt kh Y. Dn
bo
Y qua dung dch Br 2 d c 48 gam Br 2 phn ng, bit cc kh o iu kin tiu

chun. Gi tr ca V l:
et
A. 5,6 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 11,2 lt D. 2,24 lit

n C H = a mol
vi
3 6
Ta c: VCO2 = VH2O n H2 = n ankin VX n H2 = b mol
ng

n C3H4 = b mol

a
BT
a + 2b
= b + 0,3
=
n Br 0,3
=b 0,4(a + 2b)
kh
=a + b 0,3= a 0,1mol
=
V 0,5.22,
= 4 11, 2 lit
0, 2b 0, 4a= 0 b= 0, 2 mol
D. K thut quy i.
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm vinylaxetilen,eten v propin c t khi vi hidro bng 17.
t chy hon ton X thu c CO 2 v 3,6 gam H 2 O. Dn ton b sn phm chy
qua dd Ca(OH) 2 d th thu c m gam kt ta.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25 B. 30 C. 40 D. 60
thy cc cht trong X u c 4H.Ta quy X v C n H 4 .
435
Ta c: M X= 12n + 4= 17.2= 34 n= 2,5 X l : C 2,5 H 4

C2,5 H 4
Chy
2,5CO 2 + 2H 2 O; n H2O = 0, 2 mol
n=
CO 2 0, 25 mol =
m 25
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm etan,eten v axetilen c t khi vi hidro bng 14,25. t
chy hon ton 1 mol X thu c CO 2 v H 2 O. Dn ton b sn phm chy qua
bnh ng dd Ca(OH) 2 d th thy khi lng bnh tng m gam.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 125,4 B. 128,5 C. 140,6 D. 160,5
thy cc cht trong X u c 2C.Ta quy X v C 2 H n .
Ta c : M X= 12.2 + n= 14,25.2= 28,5 n= 4,5 X l : C 2 H 4,5
n
n H2O = 2, 25 mol
.v
C2 H 4,5
Chy
2CO 2 + 2, 25H 2 O
n CO2 = 2 mol
om
m = m(CO 2 , H 2 O)
m=
2.44 + 2, 25.18 =
128,5g
.c
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm C 4 H 4 , C 4 H 2 , C 4 H 6 , C 4 H 8 v C 4 H 10 . T khi ca X so vi
H 2 l 27. t chy hon ton X, cn dng va V lt O 2 (ktc), thu c CO 2 v
ok
0,03 mol H 2 O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,696. B. 1,232. C. 7,392. D. 2,464.
bo
Ch : Cc cht trong X u c 4C nn quy X l:

C 4 Hx = M X 54 X : C 4 H6
et
C 4 H 6 + 5,5O2 4CO2 + 3H 2 O
0, 03.5,5
n= = 0, 055 =
V 1, 232 lit
vi
O2
3
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
ng
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 24,8 gam hn hp X gm (axetilen, etan v propilen)

thu c 1,6 mol nc. Mt khc 0,5 mol X tc dng va vi dung dch cha
a
0,645 mol Br 2 . Phn trm th tch ca etan trong hn hp X l:

kh
A. 5,0%. B. 3,33%. C. 4,0 %. D. 2,5%.

Cu 2: Nung nng a mol hn hp X gm C2 H2 v H 2 trong bnh kn c xc tc thch
hp thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y qua lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , sau
khi phn ng hon ton thu c 24 gam kt ta v hn hp kh Z. Hn hp Z lm mt
mu ti a 40 gam brom trong dung dch v cn li hn hp kh T. t chy hon ton
hn hp T thu c 11,7 gam nc. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1,00. B. 0,80. C. 1,50. D. 1,25.
Cu 3: Thc hin phn ng crackinh m gam isobutan thu c hn hp X ch c
cc hirocacbon. Dn hn hp X qua dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom, thy brom
436
phn ng ht v c 4,704 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc) thot ra. T khi hi ca Y so vi

H 2 l 117/7. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,44. B. 8,70. C. 9,28. D. 8,12.
Cu 4: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm ankin X v hirocacbon Y cn
dng 2,25 lt kh O 2 sinh ra 1,5 lt kh CO 2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l:
A. C 2 H 2 v C 2 H 4 . B. C 3 H 4 v CH 4 .
C. C 2 H 2 v CH 4 . D. C 3 H 4 v C 2 H 6 .
Cu 5: Hn hp kh X gm H 2 v C 2 H 4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni
nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn
ng hiro ho l:
n
A. 40%. B. 25%. C. 20%. D. 50%.
.v
Cu 6: Hidrocacbon X c thnh phn khi lng Cacbon trong phn t l 90,566%
. Bit rng X khng lm mt mu dd Brom. Khi cho X tc dng Cl 2 c bt st lm
om
xc tc th ch thu c mt dn xut monoclo duy nht. Tn gi ca X l:
A. m-xilen B. p-xilen
C. etylbenzen .c
D. 1,3,5-trimetylbenzen
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm H 2 v hai olefin l ng ng k tip nhau . Cho 8,96 lt
ok
hn hp X i qua xc tc Ni nung nng thu c hn hp Y. Dn Y qua dd brom
d thy khi lng bnh tng 1,82 gam v thot ra 5,6 lt hn hp kh Z. T khi
ca Z i vi H 2 l 7,72 . Bit tc phn ng ca hai olefin vi hidro l nh
bo
nhau. Cng thc phn t v % th tch ca anken c t nguyn t cacbon hn trong

X l:
et
A.C 2 H 4 ;20% B. C 2 H 4 ;17,5%

C. C 3 H 6 ;17,5% D. C 3 H 6 ;20%
vi
Cu 8: Mt hn hp X gm a mol axetilen.2a mol etylen v 5a mol H 2 . Cho hn

hp X qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp Y gm 4 cht. t k l t khi ca hn
ng
hp Y so vi hn hp X. Hy cho bit khong gi k.

A. 1,6 k > 1 B. 2 k 1 C. 1,6 > k > 1 D. 2 > k > 1
a
Cu 9: Hn hp kh X gm Propilen v H 2 . Cho 6,5 gam hn hp X vo mt bnh

kh
kn ,c cha mt t bt niken l xc tc. un nng bnh mt thi gian,thu c hn

hp kh Y. Dn hn hp Y qua bnh ng dung dch brom d thy c 2,24 lt hn
hp kh Z thot ra(ktc). Bit t khi hi ca Z so vi metan l 2,225. Hiu sut
phn ng cng gia propilen vi hiro l:
A. 53,3% B. 60% C. 75% D. 80%.
Cu 10: Cho V lt h hp kh X gm H 2 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 trong s mol ca C 2 H 2
bng s mol ca C 2 H 4 i qua Ni nung nng (hiu sut t 100%), thu c 11,2 lit
hn hp kh Y ( ktc), bit t khi hi ca hn hp Y i vi H 2 l 6,6. Nu cho
V lit hn hp kh X i qua dung dch Brom d th khi lng Brom tng:
437
Cu 11: Craking 8,8 gam propan thu c hn hp A gm: H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6

v mt phn propan cha b cracking (10%). Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca A l:
A. 39,6. B. 23,15. C. 3,96. D. 2,315.
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm: C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 c t khi so vi H 2 l 14,25. t
chy hon ton 11,4 gam X, cho sn phm vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d
thy khi lng bnh tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 62,4. B. 73,12. C. 68,50. D. 51,4.
Cu 13: em crackinh mt lng butan thu c mt hn hp gm 5 kh
hirocacbon. Cho hn hp kh ny sc qua dung dch nc brom d th lng
brom tham gia phn ng l 25,6 gam v sau th nghim khi lng bnh brom tng
thm 5,32 gam. Hn hp kh cn li sau khi qua dung dch nc brom c t khi
n
i vi metan l 1,9625. Hiu sut ca phn ng crackinh l:
.v
A. 20,00% B. 80,00% C. 88,88% D. 25,00%
Cu 14: Cho V lit (ktc) hn hp kh X gm C 2 H 2 v H 2 i qua ng cha xc tc
om
Ni, un nng thu c hn hp gm 3 hidrocacbon c t khi so vi H 2 bng
13,5.Phn trm th tch kh C 2 H 2 trong X l:
A.33,33 % B. 60 % C. 66,67 %
.c D. 40 %
Cu 15: Cho hn hp X gm: etan, propilen, benzen, metylaxetat, axit propanoic.
t chy hon ton mg hn hp X cn dng 4.592 lt(ktc) kh O 2 thu c hn
ok
hp sn phm.Cho ton b sn phm chy vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2 1M thu
c 5g kt ta v mt mui ca Ca .Sau phn ng thy khi lng dung dch tng
bo
4,3g. Phn trm s mol ca hn hp (metylaxetat ,axit propanoic) trong X l:

A. 60 % B. 12.22 % C. 87.78 % D. 40 %
et
Cu 16: Crackinh pentan mt thi gian thu c 1,792 lt hn hp X gm 7

hirocacbon. Thm 4,48 lt H 2 vo X ri nung vi Ni n phn ng hon ton thu
vi
c 5,6 lt hn hp kh Y (th tch kh u o ktc). t chy hon ton Y ri

cho sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong d, khi lng kt ta
ng
to thnh l:
A. 25 g B. 35g C. 30g D. 20g
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm etilen, axetilen v hiro. t chy hon ton X thu c
a
s mol CO 2 bng s mol H 2 O. Mt khc dn V lt X qua Ni nung nng thu c

kh
0,8V lt hn hp Y. Cho hn hp Y vo dd brom d th c 32 gam brom phn

ng (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 5,6 D. 11,2
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm hiro v mt hirocacbon. Nung nng 14,56 lt hn hp
X (ktc), c Ni xc tc n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp Y c khi
lng 10,8 gam. Bit t khi ca Y so vi metan l 2,7 v Y c kh nng lm mt
mu dung dch brom. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon l:
A. C 3 H 6 . B. C 4 H 6 . C. C 3 H 4 . D. C 4 H 8 .
Cu 19: Mt bnh kn cha hn hp X gm 0,06 mol axetilen; 0,09 mol
vinylaxetilen; 0,16 mol H 2 v mt t bt Ni. Nung hn hp X thu c hn hp Y
438
gm 7 hirocacbon(khng cha but-1-in) c t khi hi i vi H 2 l 328/15. Cho

ton b hn hp Y i qua bnh ng dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d, thu c m gam
kt ta vng nht v 1,792 lt hn hp kh Z thot ra khi bnh. lm no hon
ton hn hp Z cn va ng 50 ml dung dch Br 2 1M. Cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 28,71. B. 14,37. C. 13,56. D. 15,18.
Cu 20: Cho 1,12 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc) phn ng hon ton vi lng d
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c 8,05 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH 3 -CH 2 -C CH. B. CH 3 -C CH.
C. CH CH. D. CH 2 =CH-C CH.
Cu 21: Hn hp X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi
n
H 2 l 17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm
.v
chy vo dd Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 7,3. B. 6,6. C. 5,85. D. 3,39.
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm propin v ankin A c t l mol 1:1. Ly 0,3 mol X tc
dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th thu c 46,2 gam kt ta. A l
A. Axetilen B. But-2-in
.c
C. Pent-1-in D. But-1-in
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm hai anken c t khi so vi H 2 bng 16,625. Ly hn hp
ok
Y cha 26,6 gam X v 2 gam H 2 . Cho Y vo bnh kn c dung tch V lt ( ktc) c
cha Ni xc tc. Nung bnh mt thi gian c hn hp Z c t khi so vi
H 2 = 143/14. Bit hiu sut phn ng hiro ho ca cc anken bng nhau. Hiu
bo
sut phn ng hiro ho l:

A. 60%. B. 55%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
et
Cu 24: Kh gas l hn hp ha lng ca butan v pentan. t chy mt loi kh

gas c hn hp CO 2 v H 2 O vi t l th tch tng ng l 13:16. % v khi
vi
lng ca butan trong hn hp kh gas ny l:

ng
A. 66,7 B. 61,7 C. 33,33 D. 54,6

Cu 25: t hon ton 0,5 mol hn hp 2 ankin ng ng k tip, sn phm chy
em hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dung dch cha 0,846 mol Ca(OH) 2 th thu
a
c kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch khng thay i. Mt khc, cho 0,5 mol
kh
hn hp vo dung dch AgNO 3 d/ NH 3 th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m

l:
Cu 26: Hn hp A gm C 3 H 4 v H 2 . Cho A i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng
thu c hn hp B gm 3 hirocacbon c t khi i vi H 2 l 21,5. T khi ca
A so vi H 2 l:
A. 10,4 B. 9,2 C. 7,2 D. 8,6
Cu 27: Mt bnh kn cha hn hp X gm 0,06 mol axetilen ,0,09mol
vinylaxetilen;0,16 mol H 2 v mt t bt Ni. Nung hn hp X thu c hn hp Y
gm 7 hirocacbon (khng cha cc but-1-in) c t khi hi i vi H 2 l 328/15.
439
Cho ton b hn hp Y i qua bnh ng dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d ,thu c m

gam kt ta vng nht v 1,792 lt hn hp kh Z thot ra khi bnh. lm no
hon ton hn hp Z cn va ng 50ml dung dch Br 2 1M. Cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A.28,71 B.14,37 C.13,56 D.15,18
Cu 28: Dn 2,24 lt hn hp kh X gm C 2 H2 v H2 (c t l th tch V(C2H2) :
V(H2) = 2 : 3) i qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp Y, cho Y i qua dung dch Br 2 d
thu c 896ml hn hp kh Z bay ra khi bnh dung dch Br 2. T khi ca Z i vi H 2
bng 4,5. Bit cc kh u o ktc. Khi lng bnh Br 2 tng thm l :
A. 1,6gam B. 0,8gam C. 0,4 gam D. 0,6 gam
Cu 29: Hn hp kh X gm 0,45 mol H 2 v 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt
n
thi gian vi xc tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi H 2 l 14,5. Nu
.v
cho ton b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn
ng. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 32. B. 48. C. 16. D. 24.
Cu 30: Hn hp kh X gm 1 hidrocacbon v kh H 2 , d X/H2 =6,7. un X vi bt
Ni nung nng n khi phn ng hon ton thu c hn hp Y gm ankan v H 2
.c
d, d Y/H2 = 16,75. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
ok
A. C 2 H 2 B.C 3 H 4 C.C 2 H 4 D.C 3 H 6
bo

et

vi
Cu 32: Cho hn hp A gm 3 hirocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng v hn

hp B gm O 2 , O 3 . Trn A vi B theo t l th tch V A :V B = 1,5:3,2 ri t chy.
ng
Hn hp sau phn ng thu c ch gm CO 2 v H 2 O (hi) c t l V (CO2) : V (H2O) =

1,3:1,2. Bit t khi hi ca B so vi H 2 l 19. T khi hi ca A so vi H 2 l:
a
A. 15. B. 13,5. C. 12 D. 11,5.

kh
Cu 33: Hirat ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm cc hirocacbon thu hn hp

ch gm cc ancol no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton hn hp ancol ny
ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d,
kt thc phn ng thu c 118,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,2. B. 16,8. C. 8,4. D. 12,6.
Cu 34: Cho hn hp kh X gm hai anken c cng th tch, li chm qua bnh
ng dung dch Br 2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 12,6 gam v c 48 gam Br 2
phn ng. S cp cht tha mn cc iu kin trn ca X l:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4.
440
Cu 35: Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,6 mol H 2 . Nung nng hn

hp X (xc tc Ni) mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng 10.
A. 32gam B. 24 gam C. 8gam D. 16gam
Cu 36: Cho s chuyn ha : CH 4 C 2 H 2 C 2 H 3 Cl PVC. tng hp
250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin (bit CH 4 chim 80% th
tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l50 %. Gi tr ca V (ktc) l:
A. 358,4 B. 448,0 C. 286,7 D. 224,0.
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm metan, axetilen v propen c t khi so vi H 2 l 13,1.
t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X sau dn sn phm chy vo bnh cha
n
dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d th thu c 38 gam kt ta trng v khi lng bnh tng
thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l :
.v
om
.c
nhiu mol Br 2 trong dung dch ?
ok
Cu 39: Hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken, hn hp Y gm O 2 v O 3 .
T khi ca X v Y so vi H 2 tng ng bng 11,25 v 18. t chy hon ton
bo
4,48 lt hn hp X cn dng va V lt hn hp Y thu c 6,72 lit CO 2 (cc th

tch o ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 12,32 B. 10,45 C. p n khc D. 11,76
et
Cu 40: Trong mt bnh kn th tch khng i 2 lt cha hn hp kh gm : 0,02

mol CH 4 ;0,01 mol C 2 H 4 ;0,015 mol C 3 H 6 v 0,02 mol H 2 . un nng bnh vi xc
vi
tc Ni ,cc anken u cng hidro,vi hiu sut 60%,sau phn ng gi bnh

27,3oC,p sut trong bnh l:
ng
A. 0,702atm B. 0,6776atm C. 0,616 atm D. 0,653 atm

a
P N CHI TIT
kh
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: Chn p n A
Ch : Mt hn hp d chia thnh bao nhiu phn th t l cc cht vn khng thay
i.
nC2 H 2 = a mol 26a + 30b + 42c = 24,8

2a + 6b + 6c = 3, 2
24,8 nC2 H 6 = b mol A
k (a + b + c) = 0,5
nC3H 6 = c mol k (2a + c) =0, 645
Cu 2: Chn p n D
441
nCY H = 0, 25 mol
Y
2 4
nCa 2 H= 0,35 mol nH =
2O
0, 65 mol
nC2 H 2 = 0,1 mol
2
nC H 2 : 0,35 mol

nH = 2,5 a 2
nH 2 : 0,9 mol
Cu 3: Chn p n B
C H ;C H ;C H
= n Y 0, 21mol m =
Y 7, 02 2 4 3 6 4 8
7, 02 + 0, 04.28 < m < 7, 02 + 0, 04.56
n Br2 = 0, 04 mol 8,14 < m < 9, 26

n
Cu 4: Chn p n C
.v
n X = 1 CH 4
=
n 1,5
thu dap an
C
om
n
CO2 = 1,5 C n H 2n 2
Cu 5: Chn p n D .c
n H = 1mol 30
X 2 m= m= 30 n= = 1,5 n= n puH= 0,5 D
ok
X Y Y
n
C2H4 = 1mol 20 2
Cu 6: Chn p n B
bo
12x
X : C x H y %C = = 0,90566 nC : nH = 4 : 5 C 8 H10 Loi D ngay
12x + y
et
V X tc dng vi Br 2 xc tc Fe t l 1:1 cho 1 sn phm duy nht. Loi A v

C ngay
vi
A. m xilen l: CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 3
ng
B. p xilen l: CH 3 C 6 H 4 CH 3
C. etylbenzen : C 6 H 5 C 2 H 5
a
D. CH 3 C 6 H 3 ( CH 3 )2
kh
Cu 7: Chn p n A
n trongX
H2 =n pu
H 2 + n H 2 =n ankan + n H 2 =n Z =0, 25 mol
du du
n C H =0, 4 0, 25 =0,15 mol

0, 4 n 2 n
n H2 = 0, 25 mol
m Z = 0,25.2.7,72 = 3,86 m X = m Y = 3,86 + 1,82 = 5,68g
C 2 H 4
n= 2,4
C 3 H 6
442
Cu 8: Chn p n D
4 cht y l ankan, anken, ankin v H 2 nn s mol Y < 8a
Nu Y c 2 cht (Ankan v H 2 ) th n Y = 4a.
n M 8a M Y 8a
Vy ta c ngay: m X = m Y X = Y =< 1 < =2
nY MX 8a M X 4a
Cu 9: Chn p n D
m X = m Y = m binh.Brom + m Z 6,5 = m binh Brom + 0,1.35,6
n H2 : a mol =
2a + 44b 0,1.35,=
6 a 0, 02 mol
Z : 0,1
n C3H8 : =
b mol a + b 0,1= b 0, 08 mol
n
m binh.Brom =2,94 n C 3H6 =0,07
.v
n C H = 0,07 + 0,08 = 0,15mol 0,08
om
tnh theoH 2
6,5X 3 6
= H = 80%
n H2 = 0,1mol 0,1
Cu 10: Chn p n D
M Y = 13.2
H 2 d Y
nC2 H 6 : a=

.c
a + b 0,5=

a 0, 2

nY = 0,5 30a= + 2b 6,6 =
ok
nH 2 : b b 0,3
n C2H2 = n C2H4 = 0,1 m = 5,4g
Cu 11: Chn p n B
bo
8,8
n C3H8 = 0,2 mol n A = 0,2. 90%. 2 + 0,2. 10% = 0,38 =M A = 23,15
0,38
et
Cu 12. Chn p n D
vi
Ch : Cc cht c trong X u c 2 nguyn t cc bon.

ng
m C =0,8.12 =9, 6 n CO2 =0,8 mol

n X = 0, 4 n C = 0,8 11, 4
m H =1,8 n H2O =0, 9 mol
a
m= 51, 4g
kh
Cu 13: Chn p n A
443
Bu tan CH 4 + C 3 H 6

Bu tan C 2 H 4 + C 2 H 6

n n CH = 0, 06 mol
= Br2 0,16 = mol n C2H4 0,1mol 4
hh n C2H6 = 0,1mol
= =
m binh Br2 5,32g n C3H6 0, 06 mol
n C 4H10 = a mol
3, 96 + 58a
= 31, 4 = a 0, 04 mol
0,16 + a

0, 04
H= = 20%
n
0,1 + 0, 06 + 0, 04
.v
Cu 14: Chn p n C
n C H = a mol a + b =1 26a + 2b
om
nX =
1 2 2 MY = =27
n H2 = b mol m=
X m=Y 26a + 2b a
=a + b 1 = b 1 / 3 mol .c

a =
+ 2b 0 = a 2 / 3 mol
ok
Cu 15: Chn p n D
n Ca(HCO 3 )2 = 0, 05 mol BTNT.cacbon
= 0,1mol
n Ca BTNT.Ca
n CO= n= 0,15 mol
bo
C
n CaCO3 = 0, 05 mol
2
m=
m CO2 + m H2 O m m H=
2O
2,7 n H=
2O
0,15 mol
et

BTNT.oxi
n Otrong X + 0,205.2
= 0,15.2 + 0,15 n=
trong X
O 0, 04 mol
vi
nhanh thy cc cht trong X u c 6 H nn c ngay:

0,15.2 0, 02
n X= = 0, 05 mol % = = 40%
ng
6 0, 05
Cu 16. Chn p n A
a
C 5 H 12 (n X = 0,08 n H2 = 0,2) 0,25mol

kh
anken : 0, 03

n = 0,03 X ankan : 0, 03 n C5H12 =
0, 05 mol
C H : 0, 02
3 12
n nC = 0,25 mol
Cu 17: Chn p n C
V anken chy lun cho n H2 O = n CO2 do n H2 = n CH CH
444
n CH =CH = a mol
2 2
Vy: V n CH= CH
b mol =
n 0,2V
= VH
2
n = b mol
H2
VCH =CH = 0,6V (3b)
2 2
= V 5b.22,4
= VCHCH 0,2V
V = 0,2V
H2
BT lie n ke t
3b.1 + b.2= b + n Br b= 0,05 V= 5,6
2
Cu 18: Chn p n C
n
m Y = 10,8
.v
= n Y 0, 25= mol; n X 0, 65 mol= n 0, 4 mol
=
M Y 2,= 7.16 43, 2
om
n H = 0, 4 mol 10,8 0,8
TH 1 : Ankin n X =
0, 65 2 ankin = =
40 C
n ankin = 0, 25 mol 0, 25
.c
TH 2 : Anken D thy khng tha mn, hn na nu X l anken th Y khng lm
mt mu Br 2.
ok
Cu 19: Chn p n C
n C H = 0, 06 mol
2 2
bo
m= X m=Y 6,56 n C 4=
H4 0, 09 mol n=
Y 0,15 mol n= n=
pu
H2 0,16 mol

n H2 = 0,16 mol
et
do Y khng c H 2
n C H = a mol
( Y Z=) 0,15 0, 07= 0, 08 4 4
vi
a+= b 0, 08
n C2H2 = b mol
ng
X bin thnh ankan ta c ngay :

0,06.2 + 0,09.3= 0,16 + 3a + 2b + 0,05 3a + 2b= 0,18
a
Cu 20: Chn p n A
kh
8,05
RAg = = 161 R = 53 RH = 54
0,05
Cu 21: Chn p n A
thy cc cht trong X u c 4H.
cha y
X : Cn H 4 M
= X
17.2
= 34 X : C2,5 H 4 2,5CO2 + 2H 2 O
m= 2,5.0,05.44 + 2.0,05.18= 7,3
Cu 22: Chn p n D
445
CAg C CH 3 : 0,15 mol BTKL

Cu ny l cu cho im 46, 2 R = 29
CAg C R : 0,15 mol
Cu 23: Chn p n C
26, 6
=n X 33,= 0,8 mol 26, 6 + 2
Ta c : M =
X 33, 25 Y 25 n=Z = 1, 4 mol
n H = 1mol 143
.2
2 14
0,4
n=
n anken = 1,8 1,4
pha n ng
= 0,4 mol =
H = 50%
0,8
Cu 24: Chn p n B
n
Gi s ta ly 1 mol kh ga:
.v
1
a + b = 1 a = mol
+ =
om
C4 H10 : a mol a b 1 3

BTNT
4a + 5b 13
C5 H12 : b mol 5a + 6b = 16 a + 2b =0 b = 2 mol
3
Cu 25: Chn p n A
.c
CO : a + 0,5 mol
ok
Ankin
chay
2
Ca (OH)2
m=
CaCO3 62a + 22
H 2 O : a mol
n= 0,62a + 0, 22
bo

CaCO3

BTNT.C
a + 0,5 0,62a 0, 22
=
n Ca (HCO = 0,19a + 0,14
3 )2
et
2

BTNT.Ca
0,62a + 0, 22 + 0,19a
= + 0,14 0,846=
a 0,6
vi
CH CH : 0, 4 mol CAg CAg : 0, 4 mol

AgNO3 /NH3
m = 110, 7
ng
CH C CH 3 : 0,1mol CAg C CH 3 : 0,1mol

Cu 26: Chn p n D
a
C3 H 4 :1mol
Ta c: A Ni
B : C3 H x = M B 43 = x 7
kh
H 2 : a mol
C3 H 4 :1mol M 40.1 + 1,5.2

BTNT.H
A
=Ni
A = 8, 6
H 2 :1,5 mol 2 2,5.2
Cu 27: Chn p n C
CH CH : 0,06 mol

Ta c: X C4 H 4 : 0,09 mol
H : 0,16 mol
2
BTKL
mX =
= m Y 6,56 =
n Y 0,15 n Hpha=
n ng
0,16 mol
2
446
n C2H2 = a mol
trong Y
trong Y
n C4H4 = b mol

BTLK.
=
2a + 3b 0,06.2 + 0,09.3 0,16=
0,05 0,18

a + b= 0,15 0,08= 0,07
a = 0, 03mol CAg CAg : 0, 03mol
m= 13,56
b = 0, 04 mol C4 H 3 Ag : 0, 04 mol
Cu 28. Chn p n B
S mol ca C2 H2 v H2 trong X ln lt l 0,04 v 0,06 mol
n
X(C2 H 2 , H 2 ) Y Z
Ni,t 0 2 ddBr
.v
M Z = 9

m X = 1,16 g ; m Y = 1,16 g m Z = 0,36 g
om
n Z = 0, 04 mol
Khi lng bnh nc brom tng l 1,16- 0,36= 0,8 gam
Cu 29. Chn p n D .c
0 + dungdch Br
Ni,t
X(H 2 , C4 H 4 ) Y
2
H p cha t no
ok
m X = 8,7g m Y = 8,7g
n X = 0,6 M Y = 29
bo
n Y = 0,3
S mol hidro phn ng l: 0,6- 0,3= 0,3 mol
et
S mol brom phn ng l x: Bo ton lin kt pi: x + 0,3 = 0,15.3 => x = 0,15
=> m Br2 = 24g
vi
Cu 30: Chn p n B
ng
13,4
Gi s: n X = 1 m X = 13,4 n Y = = 0,4 n = n Hphan ng = 0,6 mol
33,5 2
a
ankin : 0,3 13, 4 0,7.2

hidrocacbon phi l ankin M= = 40
kh
ankin
H 2 : 0,7 0,3
Cu 31: Chn p n D
C H : 0,35mol
Ta c : 2 2 ; m hh = 10,4 g
H 2 : 0,65mol
10,4
nX
= = 0,65 =
n n Hpha=
n ng
0,35mol
16 2
X
AgNO3
n CH=
CH n=

0,1mol
BTLK.
( 0,35 0,1
=) .2 nHphan ng + nBr =
n Br 0,5 0,35
= 0,15mol
2 2 2
447
Cu 32: Chn p n C
n = 1,5 mol O : a mol
Gi s: A M B = 38 n B = 3, 2 2
n B = 3, 2 mol O3 : b mol
=a + b 3, 2= a 2 mol

32a= + 48b 38.3, 2= b 1, 2 mol
CO2 :1,3x BTNT.Oxi
2.1,3x + 1,2x
= 2.2 + 1,2.3 =
x 2
H 2 O :1,2x
36

BTKL
m
= A m(C,H)
= 1,3.2.12 + 1,2.2.2
= 36 M
= A = 24
n
1,5
Cu 33: Chn p n C
.v
=
n n BaCO= 0, 6
BTNT
n=
CO2 0, 6 .
om
3
V X l cc anken nn n trong
H
X
= 2n Ctrong X
=
BTKL
m 0, 6.12 + =
0, 6.2.1 8, 4g
Cu 34: Chn p n D
.c
n anken = n Br2 = 0,3 M X = 42 0,15(M1 + M 2 ) = 12,6 M1 + M 2 = 84
ok
Cc trng hp tha mn l: C 2 H 4 ; C 4 H8 v C 4 H 8 c 4 ng phn
bo
Cu 35. Chn p n B
et
Ta c:
C4 H 4 : 0,15mol
n X 0,75
= ; m X 9g
vi
H 2 : 0,6 mol
ng
9
n=
Y
= 0,45 mol n=
n Hphan =
ng
0,3mol
20 2
a
BTLK.

= 0,15.3 n Hphan ng + n Br
pha n ng
n Br
= pha n ng
0,15mol
2 2 2
kh

= m 0,15.160
= 24g
Cu 36. Chn p n B
tng: Dng BTNT cc bon:
250 BTNT.C 250 1 1
=n PVC =V .2.22,4. = . 448
62,5 62,5 0,8 0,5
Cu 37. Chn p n C
=
M = 26, 2
13,1.2
Ta c: X
= mX m(C,
= H) 5, 24g
n X = 0, 2 mol
448
n trong X = 0,38mol BTNT n CO2 = 0,38mol

=
n 0,38mol
BTNT

= n C 0,38 Ctrong X
n H = 0,68mol n H2 O = 0,34 mol

= m 0,38.44 + 0,34.18
= 22,84g
Cu 38. Chn p n D
C2 H 2 : 0,35mol 10,4
m 10,4 =
= nX n n Hpha=
= 0,65 = n ng
0,35mol
H
2 : 0,65mol 16 2
H 2 : 0, 65 0,35 =
0,3 mol

CH CH : 0,1( n CAgCAg = 0,1) =a + b 0, 25
= a 0,15 mol
X
n
CH 2 = CH 2 : a mol =a + 2b 0,35=b 0,1mol
.v
CH CH : b mol
3 3
Cu 39: Chn p n B
om
M X = 22,5 O : 3a mol
m X =4,5 = m(C, H) M Y =36 2
n X = 0, 2 .c O3 : a mol
n=
CO2 0,3 mol
BTKL
=
n H 4,5 0,3.12
= 0, 9 n=
H 2O 0, 45 mol
ok
7

BTNT.Oxi
6a + =
3a 0,3.2 + 0,45 =
a =
V 4a.22,4 10,45
60
bo
Cu 40: Chn p n D
et
D thy s mol H 2 thiu nn ta phi tnh hiu sut theo H 2 .V H = 60 % nn s

mol anken phn ng bng s mol H 2 phn ng = 0,012 mol.
vi
n 0,012 nsau pha

= = n ng
0,065 0,012
= 0,053mol
ng
nRT 0,053.0,082.(273 + 27,3)

p
= = = 0,653atm
V 2
a
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
kh
Cu 1: Hn hp kh X gm H 2 v mt hirocacbon mch h, t khi ca X so vi

hiro l 4,8. un nng hn hp X vi xc tc Ni n khi phn ng hon ton ,thu
c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H 2 l 8. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon l:
A. C 4 H 6 B.C 3 H 6 C. C 2 H 2 D. C 3 H 4
Cu 2: Thc hin phn ng cracking hon ton mt ankan thu c 6,72 lt hn
hp X(ktc) ch gm mt ankan v mt anken. Cho hn hp X qua dung dch brom
thy brom mt mu v khi lng bnh brom tng thm 4,2gam. Kh Y thot ra
khi bnh ng dung dch brom c th tch 4,48 lt(ktc). t chy hon ton Y thu
c 26,4 gam CO 2 . Tn gi ca ankan ban u l:
A.Pentan B. propan C. Hepxan D. butan.
449
Cu 3: Cho 2,24 gam mt anken tc dng vi dung dch Br 2 d, thu c 8,64

gam sn phm cng. Cng thc phn t ca anken l:
A. C 3 H 6 B. C 4 H 8 C. C 2 H 4 D. C 5 H 10
Cu 4: Nung nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol vinyl axetilen v 0,3 mol H 2 vi xc
tc Ni thu c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 1. Hn hp Y lm
mt mu ti a m gam brom trong CCl 4 . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 32. B. 3.2. C. 8. D. 16.
Cu 5 : t chy 4,216 gam hirocacbon A to ra 13,64 gam CO 2 . Mt khc, khi
cho 3,4g A tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 thy to thnh a
gam kt ta. CTPT ca A v a l:
A. C 2 H 2 ; 8,5g B. C 3 H 4 ; 8,5g
n
C. C 5 H 8 ; 10,85g D. C 5 H 8 ; 8,75g
.v
Cu 6: t chy hon ton mt Hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO 2 v 0,132
mol H 2 O. Khi X tc dng vi kh Clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn
om
phm hu c duy nht. Tn gi ca X l:
A. 2-Metylpropan B. 2,2-imetylpropan
C. 2-Metylbutan D. Etan.c
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm 0,02 mol C 2 H 2 v 0,03 mol H 2 vo bnh kn c Ni l xc
tc. Nung bnh mt thi gian c hn hp Y. Cho Y li qua dung dch Br 2 d
ok
thy bnh Br 2 tng m gam v c 448 ml kh Z bay ra (ktc). Bit d Z/H2 = 4,5. Gi tr
ca m l:
bo
A. 4 gam B. 0,62g C. 0,58g D. 0,4g

Cu 8: Crackinh V (lt) Butan vi hiu sut 75% c hn hp X l 5
Hirocacbon. t chy hon ton X , cn va u 2,6 mol O 2 . V (lt) Butan ktc
et
c gi tr l:
vi
A. 11,2 B. 8,96 C. 5,6 D. 6,72

ng

a

kh

Cu 10: Cho X gm CH 4 , C 2 H 4 v C 2 H 2 . Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dd
brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c 36
gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH 4 c trong X l:
A. 20%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 40%.
Cu 11. Nung 3,48 gam Butan ch xy ra phn ng crackinh vi hiu sut 60%
c 2,4 lt hn hp kh X o t0C, 1 atm. Phi trn X vi V lt Oxi o t0C,
1atm thu c hn hp c sc n mnh nht. Gi tr ca V l:
450
A. 9,25. B. 9,5. C. 9,75. D. 10,25.

Cu 12: Cho 1,792 lt hn hp X gm: propin, H 2 ( ktc, t khi ca X so vi H 2
bng 65/8) i qua xc tc nung nng trong bnh kn thu c hn hp kh Y c t
khi ca Y so vi He bng a. Y lm mt mu va 160 gam nc brom 2%. Gi
tr gn ng nht ca a l:
A. 8,12 B. 10,8 C. 21,6 D.32,58
Cu 13: Hn hp Y gm metan, etylen,v propin c t khi so vi H 2 l 13,2. t
chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp Y sau dn sn phm chy vo dung dch
NaOH d th khilng bnh tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A.16,88gam. B.17,56gam. C.18,64 gam. D.17,72 gam.
Cu 14: Thc hin phn ng cracking m gam iso-butan,thu c hn hp X gm
n
cc hirocacbon. Dn hn hp X qua bnh ng nc brom c ha tan 6,4 gam
.v
brom thy nc brom mt mu ht v c 4,704 lt hn hp kh Y(ktc) gm cc
hirocacbon thot ra. T khi hi ca y so vi hidro bng 117/7. Tr s m l:
om
A. 6,96gam. B. 8,7gam. C. 5,8gam. D. 10,44gam.
Cu 15.Chia i V lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm axetilen v hidro. Phn 1 em t
chy hon ton thu c 9 gam nc. Dn phn 2 qua ng s ng bt Ni un
.c
nng, thu c kh X. Dn X ln lt qua dung dch d AgNO 3 trong NH 3 v dung
dch d brom ng trong cc bnh A v B ni tip. bnh A thu c 12 gam kt
ok
ta. t chy hon ton lng kh Y i ra t bnh B c 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca
V v s mol brom phn ng ti a trong B l:
bo
A. 11,2 lt v 0,2 mol. B. 22,4 lit v 0,1 mol.

C. 22,4 lit v 0,2 mol. D. 11,2 lit v 1,01 mol.
Cu 16: Hn hp kh X gm CH 4 , C 2 H 2 c khi lng mol trung bnh l 23,5.
et
Trn V (lt) X vi V 1 (lt) hirocacbon Y c 271 gam hn hp kh Z. Trn V 1

(lt) X vi V (lt) hirocacbon Y c 206 gam hn hp kh F. Bit V 1 V = 44,8
vi
(lt); cc kh u o ktc. S ng phn cu to mch h ca Y l:

ng
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 17: Hn hp A gm hirocacbon X v cht hu c Y (C, H, O) c t khi so
vi H 2 bng 13,8. t chy hon ton 1,38 gam A thu c 0,08 mol CO 2 v 0,05
a
mol H 2 O. Cho 1,38 gam A qua lng d dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c m gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
kh
A. 12,63. B. 8,31. C. 15,84. D. 11,52.

0,8V lt hn hp Y. Cho hn hp Y vo dung dch brom d th c 32 gam brom
phn ng (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72. B. 8,96. C. 5,6. D. 11,2.
Cu 19: Tin hnh crckinh 17,4 (g) C 4 H 10 mt thi gian trong bnh kn vi xc
tc thch hp thu c hn hp kh A gm: CH 4 , C 3 H 6 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 4 H 8 , H 2 v
mt phn C 4 H 10 cha b nhit phn. Cho ton b A vo dung dch Br 2 thy dung
dch Br 2 b nht mu ng thi khi lng bnh tng 8,4(g) v c V (lt) hh kh B
451
thot ra. t chy hon ton B thu c m(g) hn hp gm CO 2 v H 2 O. Gi tr

ca m l:
A. 46,4. B. 54,4. C. 42,6. D. 26,2.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi H2 l 8,8. Dn X qua Ni
nung nng, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 l 11. Hiu sut ca phn ng
hiro ho l:
A. 60%. B. 50%. C. 33,33%. D. 66,67%.
Cu 21. Cho hn hp X gm 0,1 mol etilen , 0,1 mol metylaxetilen, 0,1 mol
isopren v 0,7 mol H 2 vo bnh kn c xc tc Ni nung nng. Sau mt thi gian
thu c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi He l d . Khi cho Y li qua dung dch Br 2
d thy c 48 gam Brom tham gia phn ng. gi tr ca d l:
n
A. 5,7857. B. 6,215. C. 4,6875. D. 5,7840.
.v
Cu 22. Tin hnh phn ng tch H 2 t Butan (C 4 H 10 ) , sau mt thi gian thu
c hn hp X gm: CH 2 =CH-CH 2 -CH 3 , CH 2 =CH-CH=CH 2 , H 2 v C 4 H 10 d ,
om
t khi hi ca X so vi khng kh l 1.
Nu cho 1 mol X vo dung dch brom (d) th s mol brom tham gia phn ng l:
.c
Cu 23: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 2,24 lt cha mt t bt Ni xc tc v hn
hp kh X gm H 2 , C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 6 ( ktc).T l s mol C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 6 l 1:1. t
ok
khi ca X v Y so vi H 2 ln lt l 7,6 v 8,445. Hiu sut phn ng ca C 2 H 4
bo
l:
A. 27,5%. B. 25%. C. 55%. D. 12,5%.
Cu 24: Hn hp X kh gm etilen, axetilen v hiro. t chy hon ton X thu
et
c CO 2 v H 2 O c s mol bng nhau. Mt khc dn V lt kh X qua Ni nung

vi
nng, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,8V lt hn hp Y. Cho

ton b Y tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th c 32 gam brom tham gia phn
ng
ng. Bit cc th tch kh u o ktc. Gi tr ca V l:

A. 8,96. B. 11,20. C. 6,72. D. 5,60.
a

kh
0,8V lt hn hp Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung dch brom d th c 32 gam

brom phn ng. Bit cc th tch kh u o ktc. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,96. B. 11,20. C. 6,72. D. 5,60.
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
Cu 1: Chn p n D
Gi s ta ly: n X =
1 mX =
mY =
9,6(gam)
452
n X M Y 16
= = n=
Y 0,6 n=
0,4
n Y M X 9,6
H : 0, 6 mol
TH 1 : Nu X l anken n X = 1 2
anken : 0, 4 mol
9,6 0,6.2
M anken
= = 21 (loi)
0,4
TH 2 : Nu X l ankin:
H : 0,8 mol 9, 6 0,8.2
nX = 1 2 M anken = =
40 C 3 H 4 D
anken : 0, 2 mol 0, 2
n
Cu 2: Chn p n C
.v
Khi cracking m ch thu c 1 ankan v 1 anken th:
om
n=ankan n=
anken 0,15(mol)
anken : 0, 05 mol
Khi : n Y = 0, 2
ankan : 0,15 mol .c
4,2
X qua Brom: M anken = = 42 C 3 H 6
ok
0,1
n C3 H6 0, 05 mol
= =
chay
n CO2 0,15 mol
Ta c ngay: Y : C 3 H 8 C 6 H14 C
bo
n CO2 = 0, 6 mol
et
Cu 3: Chn p n B
vi
m= m Br = 6,4 n Brom
pha n ng
= n anken
= 0,04 mol
2
ng
2,24
M anken = = 56 C 4 H8
0,04
a
Cu 4: Chn p n D
kh
C H : 0,1mol
Ta c: X 4 4 mX =
5,8g
H 2 : 0,3mol
5,8
nY
= = 0,2 mol =
n n Hphan=
ng
0,2 mol
29 2
BTLK.
n Hphan ng +=
n Br
pha n ng
0,1.3mol =
n Br
pha n ng
0,1mol
= m 16
2 2 2
Cu 5 : Chn p n D
+ O2
C x H y xCO 2 t ta c
453
13,64 4, 216 x 5
= x. ... ...=
chn C 5 H 8
44 12x + y y 8
to c kt ta vi Ag+ th A c CTCT dng
CHC-C 3 H 7 AgNO3 / NH3
AgCC-C 3 H 7
Lu : Khi lng mi hidrocacbon mi th nghim khc nhau (hn km nhau
1,24 ln) nu khng c th khoanh vo p n C. C 5 H 8 ; 10,85 g
Cu 6: Chn p n B
n H O = 0,132 mol
V: 2 n ankan = 0,132 0,11 = 0, 022 mol
n CO2 = 0,11mol
n
0,132
C= = 6 C6 H14
.v
0,022
Khi X tc dng vi kh Clo (theo t l s mol 1:1) thu c mt sn phm hu
om
c duy nht X phi c cu to i xng.
Cu 7: Chn p n D
C H : 0, 02 mol .c
Ta c : X 2 2 m X= 0,58; m Z= 9.0, 02= 0,18
H 2 : 0, 03mol
ok

BTKL
m=
X m + m Z =
m 0,58 0,18
= 0, 4g
Cu 8: Chn p n B
bo
Ta c :
CO : 4a mol BTNT.Oxi

BTNT
C4 H10
O2
2 4a + 2,5a
= 2, 6 =
a 0, 4 mol
et
H 2 O : 5a mol

= =
V 0, 4.22, 4 8,96
vi
Cu 9: Chn p n C
ng
C H : 0,35mol 10,4
Ta c : 2 2 ; m hh= 10,4 n X= = 0,65 mol
H 2 : 0,65mol 2.8
a

= n n=
pha n ng
H
0,35mol
kh
X
=
n =
AgNO3 /NH3
n C2H2 0, 05 mol
BTLK.
(0,35 =
0,05).2 n Hphan ng + n Br
pha n ng
2 2
n pha n ng
Br2
=0,6 0,35 =0,25mol
Cu 10: Chn p n B
Ch : Vi cc bi ton chia hn hp thnh cc phn khc nhau th t l s mol cc
cht vn khng thay i.
454
CH 4 : a mol
16a + 28b + 26c = 8, 6
Ta c: 8, 6 gam X C 2 H 4 : b mol
C H : c mol b + 2c = n Br2 = 0,3
2 2
k(a + b + c) =0,6
Vi TN 2 : 0,6 mol X
= n=
kc
0,15
a = 0,2(mol)

a + b 3c = 0 b = 0,1(mol)
c = 0,1(mol)

n
Cu 11. Chn p n C
.v
Hn hp c sc n mnh nht khi O 2 phn ng va .
CO : 0,24(mol)
om
BTNT.(C + H)
Ta c : n =
Bu tan
0,06 2 n Opha=
n ng
0,39(mol)
H
2 O : 0,3(mol) 2
n=
X 0,06.0,6.2 + 0,06.0,=
4 0,096 =
T 304,878
= VO2
304,878.0,39.0,082
= 9,75(lit)
.c
ok
1
Cu 12: Chn p n A
a + b = 0,08
bo
C3 H 4 : a a = 0,03(mol)
Ta c: n X =
0,08 65
H 2 : b 40a + 2b =0,08. .2 b = 0,05(mol)
8
et
BTLK.
0,03.2 n Hphan ng + n Br
= phan ng
n Hphan ng 0,03.2=
= 0,02 0,04(mol)
2 2 2
vi
0,65.2 M
n Y = 0,08 0,04 = 0,04 M Y = = 32,5 Y = 8,125
ng
0,04 4
Cu 13: Chn p n D
Nhn xt: Cc cht trong Y u c 4 nguyn t H nn ta t chung cng thc l:
a
C n H4
kh
28
CO2 : 0,15. = 0,28(mol)
BTNT (C + H)
=
M X = 26,4 C 28 H 4
13,2.2 15
15 H O : 2.0,15 = 0,3(mol)
2
m= 17,72(gam)
Cu 14: Chn p n B
455
n Y = 0,21

7,02 do loi ngay p n A v C. Ta s bin lun vi B
234 m Y =
M Y =
7
v D
V n Br2 = 0,04(mol) m anken
max
= m C 4 H8 = 0,04.56 = 2,24(gam)
m= 2,24 + 7,02= 9,26 < 10,44
Do ch c B l ph hp.
Cu 15. Chn p n B
V CH CH : a(mol)
Phn 1: Gi n= 0,5
BTNT.hidro
2a +=
2b 1
n
H2 O
2 H
2 : b(mol)
.v
V CH CH : a
Phn 2:
om
2 H 2 : b
CH CH : 0,05 = n CAgCAg

CH = CH 2 : c .c
2
CH 3CH 3 : a c 0,05
ok
H : b c 2(a c 0,05) = c + b 2a + 0,1
2
n= 0,25
BTNT.hidro
6(a c 0,05) + 2 ( c + b 2a + 0,1
= ) 0,5
bo
H2 O
2a + 2b 4c= 0,6 c= 0,1(mol)

Cu 16: Chn p n A
et
M X = 23,5 b a =2

C ngay:=
a V / 22,4 23,5a +=
vi
Yb 271
=
b V1 / 22,4 =23,5b + Ya 206
ng
23,5(a b) + Y(b a) = 65 Y = 56
Ch : Y (C 4 H 8 ) l mch h nn cc cht Y c th tha mn l:
a
CH 2 = CH CH 2 CH 3 ; CH 3 CH = CH CH 3 (2 ng phn cis - trans)

kh
CH 2 C ( CH 3 ) CH 3
=
Cu 17: Chn p n C
1,38
C ngay : M = 13,8.2 = 27,6 n X = = 0,05 Phi c 1 cht c 1C
2.13,8
CO2 : 0,08 BTKL
1,38 = m(C,H,O) trong A
H 2 O : 0,05
1,38 0,08.12 0,05.2
= n OX = 0,02
16
456
HCHO : 0,02 BTKL

TH 1: 0,02.30 + 0,03.A
= 1,38
= A 26 CH CH
A : 0,03
CAg CAg : 0,03(mol)
m = 15,84
Ag : 0,08(mol)
Ch : C p n ri khng cn th cc trng hp khc na.
Cu 18: Chn p n C
X t chy cho n CO2 = n H2 O nn ta c n CH CH = n H2
X qua Ni s mol th tch gim chnh l s mol H 2 phn ng.
H 2 : 0,2V
n

Nn ta c ngay: VX CH CH : 0,2V n Br2 =
0,2
.v
CH = CH : 0,6V
2 2
om
BTLK.
0,6V + 0,2.2.V
= 0,2V + 0,2.22,4 V =
5,6(lit)
Cu 19: Chn p n C
n = 1,2(mol)
n=
C 4 H10
17,4
= 0,3(mol)
BTNT
C
.c
58 n H = 3(mol)
ok
Bnh Brom ht anken:
C : a C : 0,6(mol)
bo
m anken= 8,4(gam) 12a + 2a

= 8,4
H : 2a H :1,2(mol)
= C :1,2 0,6 0,6 BTNT CO : 0,6(mol)
et
Vy B c : m = 42,6(gam) 2
H : 3 1,2 =
1,8 H 2 O : 0,9(mol)
vi
Cu 20: Chn p n B
H : 2 nX MY
ng
ng che o 22
M X 17,6
= X 2 = m const = =
CH 2 = CH 2 : 3 n Y M X 17,6
a
17,6.5 1
nY= = 4 n = 5 4= 1 H%= = 0,5= 50%
kh
22 2
Cu 21. Chn p n C
CH 2 = CH 2 : 0,1(mol)

CH C CH : 0,1(mol)
X 3 m X = 15(gam)
C = C C(C) = C : 0,1(mol)
H : 0,7(mol)
2
BTLK.
n Hphan ng +=
0,3 0,1 + 0,1.2 + 0,1.2
= 0,5
2
457
MY 15
n Hphan ng =0,2 n Y =1 0,2 =0,8 d = = =4,6875
2
4 4.0,8
Cu 22. Chn p n C
D thy s mol Brom phn ng chnh bng s mol H 2 tch ra.
M C 4 H10 = 58 1

= n X 2n C 4 H10 n=
tach ra
H2 .n X
M X = 29 2
Vi n X =1 n H2 =n Br2 =0,5
Cu 23: Chn p n D
n = 0,1
n
Ta c : X mX =
1,52
M X = 15,2
.v
1,52
om
nY
= n n Hpha=
= 0,09 = n ng
0,01
16,89 2
H 2 : a H 2 : 0,06(mol)
a + 2b =
0,1
Trong X gm : X C 2 H 4 : b
C H : b 2a + 28b + 42b = 1,52
.c
C 2 H 4 : 0,02(mol)
3 6 C 3 H 6 : 0,02(mol)
ok
C 2 H 6 : x
V n Hphan ng = 0,01 n ankan
= 0,01
C 3 H 8 : y
bo
x + y =0,01 x = 0,0025(mol)
BTKL
et
44y 1,52 1,015 0,05.2 y = 0,0075(mol)

30x +=
0,0025
vi
=
H = 12,5%
0,02
ng
Cu 24: Chn p n D
Ch : Khi cho X qua Ni s mol kh gim bng s mol H 2 phn ng.t chy X
cho CO 2 v H 2 O c s mol bng nhau nn n H2 = n C2 H2
a
kh
H 2 : 0,2V
BTLK
Do c ngay V C 2 H 4 : 0,6V 0,6V + 0,2V.2
= 0,2V + n Br2
C H : 0,2V
2 2
0,8V = 0,2 V = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lit)
Cu 25: Chn p n D
V t chy hon ton X thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H 2 O nn n H2 = n C2 H2
458
H 2 : 0,2a
V
Ta c ngay: a = X CH CH : 0,2a
22,4 CH = CH : 0,6a
2 2
BTLK.
0,6a + 0,2a.2
= 0,2a + 0,2
= a 0,25(mol)
=
V 0,25.22,4
= 5,6
BI TP RN LUYN S 3
Bi 1: Mt hn hp X gm ankanA v anken B c chia thnh 2 phn:
- Phn 1: c th tch l 11,2 lt,em trn vi 6,72 lit H 2 (c xc tc Ni) n khi
n
phn ng hon ton ri a v nhit ban u th thy hn hp kh sau phn ng
c th tch gim 25% so vi ban u.
.v
- Phn 2: nng 80gam,em t chy hon ton thu c 242 gam CO 2 .Cng
om
thc phn t ca A v B l:
A.C 4 H 10 v C 3 H 6 B.C 3 H 8 v C 2 H 4
C. C 2 H 6 v C 3 H 6 D. CH 4 v C 4 H 8
.c
Bi 2: Cho V lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm 2 olefin lin tip nhau trong cng dy
ng ng hp nc (xc tc H+) thu c 12,9 gam hn hp X gm 3 ancol. un
ok
nng X trong H 2 SO 4 c 1400C thu c 10,65 gam hn hp Y gm 6 ete khan.
Gi s hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%. Cng thc phn t ca 2 olefin v gi tr
bo
ca V l:
A. C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , 5,60 lt B. C 4 H 8 , C 5 H 10 , 5,6 lt
C. C 2 H 4 , C 3 H 6 , 4,48 lt D. C 3 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , 4,48 lt
et
Bi 3: Hn hp X gm anken A v ankin B :
- Bit 50 ml X phn ng ti a vi 80 ml H 2 (cc th tch o cng iu kin).
vi
- t chy m gam hn hp X ri hp th sn phm chy bng dung dch nc

ng
vi trong thy c 25g kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 7,48 g so vi ban u,
khi thm tip lng d KOH vo thu c thm 5 g kt ta. CTPT ca A v B ln
lt l:
a
A. C 2 H 4 v C 2 H 2 B. C 3 H 6 v C 3 H 4
kh
C. C 4 H 8 v C 4 H 6 D. C 3 H 6 v C 4 H 6 .
Bi 4: Khi nung butan vi xc tc thch hp n phn ng hon ton thu c hn
hp T gm CH 4 , C 3 H 6 , C2H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 4 H 8 , H 2 v C 4 H 6 . t chy hon ton hn
hp T thu c 8,96 lt CO 2 (o ktc) v 9,0 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, hn hp T
lm mt mu va ht 19,2 gam Br 2 trong dung dch nc brom. Phn trm v s
mol ca C 4 H 6 trong T l:
A. 9,091%. B. 8,333%. C. 16,67%. D. 22,22%.
Bi 5: em crackinh mt lng butan thu c mt hn hp gm 5 kh
hirocacbon. Cho hn hp kh ny sc qua dung dch nc brom d th lng
brom tham gia phn ng l 25,6 gam v sau th nghim khi lng bnh brom tng
459
thm 5,32 gam. Hn hp kh cn li sau khi qua dung dch nc brom c t khi
i vi metan l 1,9625. Hiu sut ca phn ng crackinh l:
A. 20,00% B. 80,00% C. 88,88% D. 25,00%
Bi 6: Khi tin hnh ng trng hp buta-1,3 ien v stiren thu c mt loi
polime l cao su buna-S. em t mt mu cao su ny ta nhn thy s mol O 2 tc
dng bng 1,325 ln s mol CO 2 sinh ra. Hi 19,95 gam mu cao su ny lm mt
mu ti a bao nhiu gam brom?
A. 42,67 gam B.36,00 gam C. 30.96 gam D.39,90 gam.
Bi 7: Tripeptit M v tetrapeptit Q u c to ra t mt amino axit X mch
h,phn t c mt nhm NH 2 . Phn trm khi lng ca N trong X l 18,667%.
Thy phn khng hon ton m gam hn hp M,Q (t l mol 1:1) trong mi trng
n
axit thu c 0,945 gam M; 4,62 gam ipeptit v 3,75 gam X. Gi tr ca m l:
.v
A. 9,315 gam B. 58,725 gam. C. 8,389 gam. D. 5,580 gam.
om
Bi 8: Hn hp kh gm 1 hidrocacbon no X v 1 hidrocacbon khng no vo bnh
nc brom cha 40 gam brom. Sau khi brom phn ng ht th khi lng bnh
tng ln 10,5 g v thu c dung dch B, ng thi kh bay ra khi bnh c khi
lng 3,7 gam. t chy hon ton lng kh bay ra khi bnh thu c 11 g CO 2 .
.c
Hidrocacbon X l:
A. 2 cht. B. 1 cht. C. 3 cht. D. 4 cht.
ok
Bi 9: Hn hp X gm 0,15 mol vinylaxetilen v 0,6 mol H2. Nung nng hn hp
X (xc tc Ni) mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 bng 10.
bo
et
A. 16 gam. B. 0 gam. C. 24 gam. D. 8 gam

Bi 10: Cho hn hp X gm H 2 , isopren, axetilen, anehit acrylic, anehit oxalic,
vi
trong H 2 chim 50% v th tch. Cho 1mol hn hp X qua bt Ni, nung nng,
sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y. Bit t khi ca Y so vi X bng 1,25. Y
ng
phn ng va vi V lt dung dch Br 2 1M. Gi tr ca V l:

A. 0,8. B. 0,5. C. 1. D. 1,25.
a
Bi 11: t chy hon ton mt lng hirocacbon X ri dn sn phm qua 2 bnh

kn: bnh 1 ng dung dch H 2 SO 4 c thy khi lng tng 6,3 gam; bnh 2 ng
kh
dung dch Ca(OH) 2 to ra 10 gam kt ta, lc b kt ta v un nng dung dch li

thu thm c 10 gam kt ta na. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C 6 H 6 . B. CH 4 . C. C 6 H 12 D. C 6 H 14 .
Bi 12: Cho hirocacbon X mch h phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
brom thu c hp cht cha 90,225% brom v khi lng. Cng thc phn t
ca X l :
A. C 4 H 4 . B. C 4 H 6 . C. C 3 H 4 . D. C 2 H 2 .
Bi 13: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch 2,24 lt cha mt t bt Ni xc tc v hn
hp kh X gm H 2 , C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 6 ( ktc). T l s mol C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 6 l 1:1. t
460
khi ca X v Y so vi H 2 ln lt l 7,6 v 8,445. Hiu sut phn ng ca C 2 H 4 .
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 12,5%. D. 40%.
Bi 14: t chy hon ton 1 lt hn hp kh gm ankin X v hirocacbon Y cn
dng 2,25 lt kh O 2 sinh ra 1,5 lt kh CO 2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Cng thc phn t ca X v Y ln lt l:
A. C 2 H 2 v C 2 H 4 . B. C 3 H 4 v CH 4 .
C. C 2 H 2 v CH 4 . D. C 3 H 4 v C 2 H 6 .
Bi 15: t chy hon ton hn hp cc amin no, hai chc, mch h vi t l s
mol CO 2 v hi H 2 O (T) nm trong khong no sau y:
A. 1/3 T < 1. B. 0,5 T < 1.
n
C. 0,5 < T < 1. D. 1/3 < T < 1.
.v
Bi 16: Hn hp kh X gm H 2 v C 2 H 4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua
Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca
om
phn ng hiro ho l:
A. 40%. B. 25%. C. 20%. D. 50%.
Bi 17. X l hn hp gm propan, xiclopropan, butan v xiclobutan. t m gam X
.c
thu c 63,8 gam CO 2 v 28,8 gam H 2 O. Thm H 2 va vo m gam X ri un
nng vi Ni thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H 2 l 26,375. T khi ca X so
ok
vi H 2 l:
A. 23,95 B. 25,75 C. 24,52 D. 22,89
bo
Bi 18: Hn hp X gm etilen, metan, propin v vinylaxetilen c t khi so vi

H 2 l 17. t chy hon ton 0,05 mol hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm
et
chy vo dd Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng tng thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 7,3. B. 6,6. C. 5,85. D. 3,39.
vi
Bi 19: Mt hn hp X gm anken A v ankin B

- Ly 16,2 gam hn hp X t chy ht, sn phm chy to vi nc vi trong 80
ng
gam kt ta. un nng dung dch thu c li xut hin thm 20 gam kt ta na.
- Ly 80 ml hn hp X cho phn ng vi H 2 , c xc tc Ni, nung nng cn 140
a
ml H 2 lm no. Bit V kh o (ktc).

kh
Cng thc ca A v B l:
A. C 2 H 4 v C 2 H 2 . B. C 3 H 6 v C 3 H 4 .
C. C 2 H 4 v C 3 H 4 . D. C 3 H 6 v C 2 H 2 .
Bi 20: Hn hp X gm etilen, axetilen v hiro. t chy hon ton X thu c
0,8V lt hn hp Y. Cho hn hp Y vo dd brom d th c 32 gam brom phn
ng (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72 B. 8,96 C. 5,6 D. 11,2
Bi 21: Hn hp khi X gm etylamin va hai hirocacbon la ng ng lin tip .
t chay hoan toan 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va u , thu c 550
461
ml hn hp Y gm khi va hi nc .Nu cho Y i qua dung dich axit sunfuric c

(d) thi con lai 250 ml khi (cac th tich khi va hi o cung iu kin ). Cng thc
cua hai hirocacbon la:
A. CH 4 va C 2 H 6 B. C 2 H 4 va C 3 H 6
C. C 2 H 6 va C 3 H 8 D. C 3 H 6 va C 4 H 8
Bi 22: Cho hh X c th tch V 1 gm O 2 ,O 3 co t khi so vi H 2 =22.Cho hh Y c
V 2 hh Y cn V 1 hh X. tnh t l V 1 :V 2 ?
A.1 B. 2 C. 2,5 D. 3
Bi 23 : Thc hin phn ng crackinh butan thu c mt hn hp X gm cc
n
.v
CO 2 v b mol H 2 O. Vy a v b c gi tr l:
om
C. a = 1,2 mol v b = 1,6 mol D. a = 1,2 mol v b = 2,0 mol
Bi 24 hn hp X gm hir ,propen, propanal,ancolanlylic t 1 mol hh X thu
.c
c 40,32 lit CO 2 (ktc) un hh X vi bt Ni mt thi gian thu c hh Y c
dY/X=1,25 Nu ly 0,1 mol hh Y th tc dng va vi V lt dd Br 2 0,2M.Gi tr
ok
ca V l:
A. 0,3l B. 0,25l C. 0,1l D. 0,2l
bo
Bi 25: Cracking 6,72 lt C 4 H 10 (ktc) mt thi gian th thu c hh X gm 5 H-C

.Cho X i qua dd Br 2 du thi khi lng bnh Br2 tng ln 9,4 gam ng thi thy
khi lng Br 2 pu l 40 gam v c kh y bay ra khi bnh t chy Y th cn V lt
et
kh O 2 ktc Gi tr ca V l:
vi
A. 8,96 B. 21,12 C. 23,52 D. 43,68

Bi 26: HH X c 2 hidrocacbon l ng ng lin tip co M trung bnh ca X l
ng
31,6 Ly 6,32 gam X li vo 200 gam dd xc tac thi thu c dd Z v thy thot ra
2,688 lt kh kh y o ktc c M trung bnh ca Y =33 bit rng dd Z cha anht
x% Gi tr ca X l:
a
A.1,305 B.1,043 C.1,208 D.1,407

kh
Bi 27: t chy hon ton 1 hidrocacbon A th kh bng oxi trong bnh kn .

Nu gi nguyn nng ca A v tng nng ca oxi ln gp i th tc phn
ng chy tng gp 32 ln. Tm s cng thc phn t c th c ca A.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Bi 28: HH X gm 1 hidrocacbon th kh v H2 c t khi so vi H2 l4,8 Cho
X i qua Ni nung nng n khi p sy ra hon ton thu c hh Y c t khi so vi
CH4 = 1.Cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon c trong X l:
A.C 3 H 4 B.C 2 H 4 C.C 3 H 6 D.C 2 H 2
462
Bi 29: Trong mt bnh kn dung tch V lt khng i c cha 1,3a mol O 2 v 2,5a
mol SO 2 100 C 2atm(c nxuc tac V 2 O 5 ) nung nong bnh mt thi gian sau
lm ngui ti 100 C p sut trong bnh lc l p hiu sut phn ng tng ng
l h. Mi lin h gia p v h c biu th bng biu thc no di y:
2,5.h 1,25.h
A.=
p 2 1 B.=
p 2 1
3,8 3,8
0,65.h 1,3.h
C.=p 2 1 D.= p 2 1
3,8 3,8
Bi 30: Hn hp kh X gm CH 4 , C 2 H 2 c M tb X = 23,5. Trn V (lt) X vi V 1 (lt)
hirocacbon Y c 107,5g hh kh Z. Trn V 1 (lt) X vi V (lt) hirocacbon Y
n
c 91,25g hh kh F. Bit V 1 V = 11,2 (lt) (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc ca
.v
Y l:
om
A. C 3 H 8 B. C 3 H 6 C. C 4 H 8 D. C 2 H 6
P N CHI TIT
Bi 1: Chn p n D
.c
ankan ankan : 0,3(mol)
ok
P1 : 0,5 + 0,3H 2 n= 0,=2 n anken
anken anken : 0, 2(mol)

P : 80gam C : 66
bo
2 n ankan =7 5,5 =1,5(mol)

H :14 n H2O = 7

et
ankan :1,8(mol)
m= 96(gam)

anken :1, 2(mol)
vi
Th t p n 1,8 CH 4 + 1,2 C 4 H 8 =96

ng
Bi 2: Chn p n A
12,9 10,65
= nH 2O = 0,125
a
18
kh

12,9
nalcol= 0, 25 14n + 18= = n 2, 4
0, 25
Bi 3: Chn p n B
anken : 2a
50 ml X + 80 H 2 m
ankin : 3a
25 + 5
= m CO2 =100
.44 13,2

7,48 =
(
25 m CO2 + m H2 O )
463
n CO = 0,3(mol)
2 n ankin = n CO2 n H2 O = 0,06(mol)
n H2 O = 0,24(mol)
anken : 0,04
= n X 0,1 = C 3
ankin : 0,06
C H : 0,04(mol)
m = m C + m H = 0,13.12 + 0,24.2 = 2,04 = 3 6
C 3 H 4 : 0,06(mol)
Bi 4: Chn p n A
Bu tan ankan + anken

n
Bu tan H 2 + anken

.v
Ch : Bu tan 2H 2 + ankin
n = 0,4 n Bu tan =0,1
om
CO2

n = 0,12
Br2
=n T 2n Bu tan + n ankin n = 0,02(mol)
.c
ankin A
n=
Br2 = n Bu tan + n ankin
0,12 n T = 0,22(mol)
ok
Bi 5: Chn p n A
Bu tan CH 4 + C 3 H 6
bo

Bu tan C 2 H 4 + C 2 H 6
CH 4 : 0,06(mol)
n Br2 = 0,16(mol) C 2 H 4 : 0,1(mol)
et

hh C 2 H 6 : 0,1(mol)
m binh Br2 = 5,32 C 3 H 6 : 0,06(mol) C H : a(mol)
vi
4 10
3,96 + 58a
ng
=
31,4 = a 0,04(mol)
0,16 + a
0, 04
a
H = .100 20%
0,1 + 0, 06 + 0, 04
kh
Bi 6: Chn p n B
Ch : Khi trng hp nh vy c 1 phn t buta-1,3 ien s cn li 1 lin kt pi
phn ng vi Br 2.
C 4 H 6 : a(mol) BTNT CO2 : 4a + 8b

C 8 H8 : b(mol) H 2 O : 3a + 4b
n Opu2 = 4a + 8b + 1,5a + 2b = 5,5a + 10b
464
a
5,5 + 10
5,5a + 10b a
b = 1,325 =
= 1,325 3
4a + 8b a b
4 +8
b
19,95
=
n caosu = 0,075(mol) n Br= = 0,225(mol) B
0,075.3
3.54 + 104 2
Bi 7: Chn p n C
14
=
D thy : 0,18667 X : Gly
75
G : 0,05(mol)
n
G G G : a
G G : 0,035(mol)
= G 0,135(mol)
G G G G : a
.v
G G G : 0,005(mol)

om
7a =
0,135
G G G : 0,0193(mol)
G G G G : 0,0193(mol) .c
=
m 0,0193.(3.75 2.18 + 4.75= 3.18) 8,39(gam)
ok
Bi 8: Chn p n A
Thu c dung dch B chng t Brom phn ng ht.
C 2 H 4 : a(mol)
bo
n Br2 = 0,25(mol) 3,7

C 2 H 4 C n H 2n + 2 : b(mol)
m RH khong no = 10,5(gam) n = 0,25(mol)
et
CO2
28a + (14n += 2)b 3,7 = b 0,1 1
vi
n=
= 2a + nb 0,25 = 2a + 0,1n 0,25 2
ng
Bi 9: Chn p n C
C 4 H 4 : 0,15(mol) (n Br2 + H2 ) =
0,45 m X = m Y 9
=
mX 9 =
n Y = 0,45
a
H 2 : 0,6(mol) 20
kh
n=
n= pu
H2 0,3 n Br
= 2
0,45 0,3
= 0,15(mol) C
Bi 10: Chn p n A
thy cc cht trong X u c 2 lin kt .
H : 0,5 n MY
nX = 1 2 m = const X = = 1,25 n Y = 0,8
hon hop : 0,5 nY MX
BTLK.
n=
n Hphan
2
= 0,2
ung
n=
Br2 0,5.2 0,2
= 0,8(mol) A
Bi 11: Chn p n D
465
n H2 O = 0,35 n H2 O = 0,35
C:H =
3: 7
Ca(HCO3 )2 CaCO3 + CO 2 + H 2 O C = 0,3
Bi 12: Chn p n A
Nhn nhanh p n cc TH ch c 2 hoc 3 ta th p n ngay:
160.2
2 = 0,90225 = X 34,6688
160.2 + X
160.3
3 = 0,90225 X= 52 A
160.3 + X
Bi 13: Chn p n C
n
C 2 H 4 : a C 2 H 4 : 0, 02(mol)
2a + b =0,1
.v
M X = 15,2 m X = 1,52 C 3 H 6 : a C 3 H 6 : 0, 02(mol)
H : b 84a + 2b =1,52
2 H 2 : 0, 06(mol)
om
C 2 H 6 : c

C 3 H 8 : d
.c
M Y= 16,89 n Y= 0,09 C 2 H 4 : 0,02 c
C H : 0,02 d
ok
3 6
H 2 : 0,06 c d
28(0,02 c) + 42(0,02
= d) 1,015
=
bo
c 0,0025(mol)

c + d 0,01= d 0,0075(mol)
Bi 14: Chn p n C
et
n X = 1 CH thu a p a n
n 1,5 4
= C
vi
n = 1,5 C H
n 2n 2
CO2
ng
Bi 15: Chn p n D
Ta suy cng thc hn hp amin nh sau:
C n H 2 n + 2 H 2 N C n H 2 n NH 2 C n H 2 n + 4 N 2
a
n CO2 n
kh
=
T = 1
n H2 O n + 2 < T < 1
3
1 < n <
Bi 16: Chn p n D
H 2 :1(mol) 30
X m X = m Y = 30 n Y = =1,5
C 2 H 4 :1(mol) 20
n= n= pu
H2 0,5 D
Bi 17. Chn p n B
(CO 2 : 1,45; H 2 O : 1,6) m X = 1,45.12 + 3,2 = 20,6
466
M Y = 52,75 => (C 3 H 8 : 3a; C 4 H 10 : 5a) => 29a = 1,45

n Y = 8a = 8.1,45/29 = 0,4
Do va nn n Y = n X = 0,4 B
Bi 18: Chn p n A
thy cc cht trong X u c 4H.
cha y
X : Cn H 4 ; M
= X
17.2
= 34 X : C2,5 H 4 2,5CO2 + 2H 2 O
m= 2,5.0,05.44 + 2.0,05.18= 7,3(gam)
Bi 19: Chn p n B
Vi th nghim 2 :
n
anken : a =a + b 80 = a 20 anken 1
80 ml =
a=+ 2b 140 =
.v
ankin : b b 60 ankin 3
CaCO3 : 0,8(mol)
om
Vi th nghim 1:
BTNT Ca

Ca(HCO3 )2 : 0,2(mol)

BTNT.Cacbon
n=
C 1,2
BTKL
m=
H 16,2 1,2.12
= 1,8(gam)
n CO = 1,2(mol)
.c
BTNT
2 n= n CO2 n= 0,3 n anken
= 0,1(mol)
ok
ankin H2 O
n H2 O = 0,9(mol)
Ti y kt hp vi p n suy ra ngay ch c B tha mn
bo
Bi 20: Chn p n C
V anken chy lun cho n H2 O = n CO2 do n H2 = n CH CH
et
CH 2 = CH 2 : a(mol)

Vy: n H2 = n CH CH V CH CH : b(mol) =
n 0,2V
= VH2
vi
H : b(mol)
2
ng
CH 2 = CH 2 : 0,6V (3b)

V 5b.22,4 CH CH : 0,2V
=
a
H : 0,2V
kh
2
BT lien ket
3b.1 + b.2= b + n Br b= 0,05(mol) V= 5,6(lit)
2
Bi 21: Chn p n B
Ta c V N2 < 50 m V H2O = 300 ; V CO2 > 200
Ta c C >2 loi A. Ta li c H = 6 Loi C, D
Bi 22: Chn p n B
467
V1 2V2 4V2
O 2 4 CH 3 NH 2 3 CO 2 3
C ngay v
O 3V 1 C H NH V2 H O 17V2
3 4 2 5 2
3 2 6
V1 9V1 8V2 17V2 V
Bo ton O c ngay + = + 1 = 2
2 4 3 6 V2
Bi 23: Chn p n B
CH 4 : 0,08(mol)
C H : 0,08(mol)
3 6 x + 1,6
n
C ngay: X C2 H 6 : 0,08(mol) =
0,6
C H : 0,08(mol) 0,32 + a
.v
2 4
C4 H10 : x(mol)
om
BTNT(C + H)

= x 0,08(mol)
= a 0,56(mol)=b 0,8(mol)
Bi 24: Chn p n B
1molX n CO2 =1,8

n H2 = 0, 4 M
.c
n
Y = X =1, 25
n C3H6Ox = 0,6 M X n Y
ok
n H2 = 0, 2(mol)

bo
0,05
n Y= 0,8 n C3H8Ox= 0, 2(mol) n Br2= 0,05 V= = 0, 25(lit)
0, 2
n C3H6Ox = 0, 4(mol)
et
Bi 25: Chn p n B
m C = 14, 4
vi
0,3C4 H10
m H = 3
ng
= =
m C 8,057 m C 6,343
9, 4anken Y n O= 0,943 =
V 21,12(lit)
= =
m H 1,343 m H 1,657
2
a
Bi 26: Chn p n A
kh
C C : 0,12(mol) C C : 0,06(mol)
X Y
C C C : 0,08(mol) C C C : 0,06(mol)
0,06.44
=
%CH 3CHO = .100 1,305%
200 + 0,06.26 + 0,02.40
Bi 27: Chn p n B
V = [ A].[C H ]k 2k = 32 k = 5
C3 H 8
y 4 x + y = 20
C x H y + 5O2 xCO2 + H 2O C4 H 4
2
468
Bi 28: Chn p n A
M X nY
cho : nX = 1 mX = 9,6 = = 0,6 n = nHpu2 = 0, 4 A
M Y nX
Bi 29: Chn p n B
n1 2 3,8
cho a= 1 n1= 3,8
pu
n2= 3,8 1, 25h = = p= B
n2 p 3,8 1, 25h
Bi 30: Chn p n C
CH 4 ( a )
VX V1 = 4a + 0,5(mol )
C2 H 2 ( 3a )
n
CH 4 ( a ) CH 4 ( a + 0,125 )

.v
107,5Z C2 H 2 ( 3a ) 91, 25Z C2 H 2 ( 3a + 0,375 )
(4a + 0,5)Y (4a )Y
om

=m 16,=
25 0,5Y 11,75 =
Y 56
CON NG T DUY S 23 .c
K XO GII TON ANCOL
ok
A. Dng ton tch nc ancol
Con ng t duy: C 2 kiu tch nc ancol.
bo
Kiu 1 : Tch nc to ete 2ROH

0
H 2SO 4 /140 C
R O R + H2O
1
et
=n ete n= n Ancol
Vi dng ny ta lun c :
H2O
2
m Ancol
= m ete + m H2O
vi
Kiu 2 : Tch nc to anken ROH

0
anken + H 2 O
ng
H 2SO 4 /170 C
= n=
n anken H2O n Ancol
Vi dng ny ta lun c :
a
m=Ancol m anken + m H2O

kh
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: un nong hn hp X gm 0,1 mol CH 3 OH va 0,2 mol C 2 H 5 OH vi
H 2 SO 4 c 140oC (Gi s H = 100%) thi khi lng ete thu c la:
A. 12,4g B. 7g C. 9,7g D. 15,1g.
1
Ta c: n Ancol= 0,3(mol) n H2O= n Ancol= 0,15(mol)
2

BTKL
m= Ancol m ete + m H2O
0,1.32 + 0, 2.46 = m ete + 0,15.18 m ete = 9,7(gam)
469
Cu 2: un nong ancol n chc X vi H 2 SO 4 c nhit thich hp c cht

hu c Y co ti khi hi so vi X la 1,4375. Vy X la:
A. CH 3 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH C. C 3 H 7 OH D. C 3 H 5 OH.
Ta c: M Y > M X Y phi l ete.
M Y 2.X 18
Do ta c: = = 1, 4375 X = 32 CH 3OH
MX X
Cu 3: un nong ancol n chc X vi H 2 SO 4 c nhit thich hp c cht
hu c Y co ti khi hi so vi X la 0,7. Vy X la:
A. CH 3 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH C. C 3 H 7 OH D. C 4 H 9 OH.
Ta c: M Y < M X Y phi l anken.
n
M Y X 18
Do ta c : = = 0,7 X = 60 C3 H 7 OH
.v
MX X
Cu 4: un 27,6g hn hp ba ancol n chc vi H 2 SO 4 c 140oC (H=100%)
om
thu c 22,2g hn hp cc ete c s mol bng nhau.S mol mi ete trong hn hp
l::
A. 0,3 B. 0,2 C. 0,15
.c D. 0,05
27,6 22, 2
= m ete + m H2O n H2O =
Ta c: m Ancol = 0,3 n ete = 0,3
ok
18
0,3
3 ancol s cho ra 6 ete do ta c n moi=ete = 0,05
bo
6
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol. un nng m gam hn hp X vi H 2 SO 4 m c,
thu c 3,584 lt hn hp 2 olefin k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (ktc). Nu
et
em t chy ht lng olefin ny, ri cho hp th sn phm chy trong bnh ng

dung dch NaOH d, th khi lng bnh tng 24,18g. Cc phn ng xy ra hon
vi
ton. Tr s ca m l:
A. 6,1g B. 8,34g C. 10,58g D. 12,74g
ng
CO 2 : a
Ta c: =
n anken 0,16 Chy
24,18
H 2 O : a
a

BTKL
44a
= + 18a 24,18
= a 0,39
kh
Khi ta c:

ta ch n c
Ancol X anken
+ H
2
O ; m anken
= m(C,H)
= 14a
= 5,46
0,16 mol 0,16 mol 0,16 mol

m=
BTKL
Ancol m ete + m=
H2O 5, 46 + 0,16.18
= 8,34
Cu 6: un nng hn hp gm hai ancol n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng vi H 2 SO 4 c 140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6
gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol trn l
A. CH 3 OH v C 2 H 5 OH. B. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 7 OH.
C. C 3 H 5 OH v C 4 H 7 OH. D. C 3 H 7 OH v C 4 H 9 OH.
470
Ta c: m Ancol =m ete + m H2O =6 + 1,8 =7,8

Li c: n H2O =0,1 n ancol =0, 2
7,8 CH 3OH
ROH = = 39 R = 22 Chn A
0, 2 C2 H 5 OH
Cu 7: un mt hn hp hai ancol no n chc vi H 2 SO 4 140o C thu c
10,8 gam nc v 36 gam hn hp ba ete c s mol bng nhau. Gi s hiu sut
phn ng t 100%. Hai ancol trn c th l:
A. CH 3 OH v C 2 H 5 OH B. CH 3 OH v C 3 H 7 OH
C. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 7 OH D. C 2 H 5 OH v C 4 H 9 OH
n
Ta c : m Ancol =m ete + m H2O =36 + 10,8 =46,8
.v
V cc ete c s mol bng nhau nn cc ancol cng s mol bng nhau.
Li c: n H2O =0,6 n ancol =
om
1, 2
46,8 CH OH : 0,6(mol)
ROH = = 39 R = 22 3
1, 2 ROH : 0,6(mol) .c
BTKL

= 46,8 0,6.32 + (R + 17).0,6= R 29
ok
Chn A
Cu 8: un nng hn hp 2 ancol n chc A v B vi H 2 SO 4 m c nhit
bo
140oC, ta c hn hp 3 ete. t chy mt trong 3 ete thu c trn th thy

to ra 13,2g CO 2 v 7,2g H 2 O. Vy hn hp 2 ancol ban u l:
A. CH 3 OH v C 2 H 5 OH. B. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 7 OH
et
C. C 3 H 7 OH v C 4 H 9 OH. D. Tt c u sai.
n CO2 = 0,3(mol) n Ancol = 0, 2(mol)
vi
Ta c: n ete = 0, 4 0,3 = 0,1(mol) Bi tch

n H2 O = 0, 4(mol) n H2O = 0,1(mol)
ng
7,8

BTKL
m Ancol
= 0,3.12 + 0,
4.2 + 0,1.2
+ 0,
= 7,8 ROH
2.16 = = 39
0, 2
a
m(C,H) mO
kh
CH 3OH : a = a + b 0, 2=a 0,1(mol)

Nu xy ra A ta c: tha mn
C2 H 5 OH : b a =
+ 2b 0,3 =
b 0,1(mol)
Chn A
B. Dng ton ancol tc dng vi kim loi kim.

Con ng t duy: Loi ton ny rt n gin cc bn ch cn thiu rng khi cho
kim (Na) vo ancol (n hoc a chc) th s c H 2 bay ra v H trong H 2 chnh l
H trong nhm OH ca ancol.
Khi gii ton cn kt hp vi BTNT,BTKL v 1 s k thut nh khc.
471
Ch : Khi cho Na tc dng vi dung dch ancol th Na c tc dng vi H 2 O cho

kh H 2
ancol l s ml ancol c trong 100 ml dung dch ancol.
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Cho 15 g hn hp Glixerol v mt ancol A n chc tc dng Na d to
4,48 lt H 2 .Lng H 2 sinh ra do A bng 1/3 lng H 2 do glixerol sinh ra.Tm
CTPT ca A
A. C 3 H 7 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH
C.C 4 H 9 OH D. C 3 H 5 OH
n
D dng suy ra A l ancol n chc t cc p n.
.v
3a + b =0, 2.2
C3 H 5 (OH)3 : a(mol) a = 0,1(mol)
Ta c: 15
om
3a
ROH : b(mol) =
b = a b = 0,1(mol)
3

BTKL
92.0,1 + (R + 17).0,1
= 15
= R 41; C3 H 5 OH
.c
Cu 2: Cho 1,52g hn hp hai ancol n chc l ng ng k tip nhau tc dng
vi Na va , sau phn ng thu c 2,18g cht rn. Cng thc phn t ca hai
ok
ancol l:
A. CH 3 OH; C 2 H 5 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH; C 3 H 7 OH
bo
C. C 3 H 5 OH C 3 H 7 OH D. C 3 H 7 OH C 4 H 9 OH
Ta hiu l Na thay th cho H trong nhm OH ca ancol. Do ta c :
et
1,52 2,18 C2 H 5 OH
n ROH= n RONa = R
= 33,67
R + 17 R + 16 + 23 C3 H 7 OH
vi
Chn B
ng
Cu 3: Cho 112,5 ml ancol etylic 92o tc dng vi Na d, n phn ng hon ton

thu c V lt H 2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l: Bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic
nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml v ca nc l 1 gam/ml.
a
A. 20,16. B. 30,8. C. 22,4. D. 25,76.

kh
C H OH :103,5 ml
Ta c: 112,5ml 2 5
H 2 O : 9 ml
C 2 H 5OH :1,8 mol 1,8 + 0,5
n=
H2 = 1,15(mol) Chn D
H 2 O : 0,5 mol 2
472

gam so vi ban u . Gi tr ca V:
A. 2,8 B. 5,04 C. 5,6 D. 2,52
n = 0,375(mol) n CO = 0,375(mol)
Ta c : 2
m = 37,5 (m CO2 + m H=
2O
) 12 n H2 O = 0,5(mol)
9,1 0,375.12 0,5.2

BTNT.oxi
=
n O n=
OH = 0,225(mol)
16
0,225
n= = V 2,52 Chn D
n
H2
2
Cu 5: Cho 6,04 gam hn hp X gm phenol v ancol etylic tc dng vi Na d
.v
thu c 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Hy cho bit khi cho hn hp X vo dung dch Br 2 d
om
th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
C6 H 5 OH : a(mol) = a + b 0,05.2
= a 0,03(mol)
Ta c: 6,04 .c
C 2 H 5 OH : b(mol) 94a +=46b 6,04 = b 0,07(mol)
ok
C6 H 5 OH : a(mol)
6,04 dd Br2
Br3C6 H 2 OH : 0,03 m = 9,93(gam)
2 5
C H OH : b(mol)
bo
Cu 6: Ha tan m gam ancol etylic (D = 0,8 g/ml) vo 108 ml nc (D = 1 g/ml)

to thnh dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi Na d thu c 85,12 lt (ktc) kh H 2 .
Dung dch A c ancol bng:
et
A. 460 B. 410 C. 80 D. 920

vi
m 108
Ta c: n H2 = 3,8(mol) n ancol + H2 O = 3,8.2 = + m = 73,6(gam)
46 18
ng
73,6 92
Vancol = = 92 ancol l = 0,46 460
0,8 92 + 108
a
Cu 7: Ha hi hon ton mt hn hp X gm 2 ru no A v B thu c 1,568 lt

kh
hi 81,90C v 1,3 atm. Nu cho hn hp ru ny tc dng vi Na d th gii

phng c 1,232 lt H 2 (ktc) . Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp X thu c
7,48 gam CO 2 . Bit rng B cha nhiu hn A mt nhm chc, cng thc hai ru
l:
A. C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 6 (OH) 2 B. C 3 H 7 OH v C 2 H 4 (OH) 2
C. C 2 H 5 OH v C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 . D. C 3 H 7 OH v C 3 H 6 (OH) 2 .
n X = 0,07(mol)
Ta c: n OH =
0,11(mol)
n H2 = 0,055(mol)
473
A OH : a(mol) =a + b 0,07= a 0,03(mol)

B (OH)2 : b(mol) a=+ 2b 0,11 =b 0,04(mol)
Ta thy ngay: n CO=
2
= 3a + 2b
0,17 Chn B
Cu 8: Cho 0,2 mol ancol X tc dng vi Na d to ra 6,72 lit kh H 2 (ktc). Vy
ancol X l:
A. Hai chc B. n chc C. No ba chc D. Ba chc
Cc bn nh l vi mi nhm - OH hoc COOH th khi tc dng vi Na H 2
bay ra l do H trong cc nhm tch ra.Do ,ta c ngay :
n X .n = n H n H2 = 0,3 n H = 0,6 n = 3 Chn D
n
C. Dng bi tp Oxi ha ancol.
.v
Con ng t duy: C hai kiu oxi ha :
(1).Vi kiu Oxi ha hon ton( t chy) cn ch t l s mol CO 2 v H 2 O.
om
Ch : Vi tt c cc hp cht X cha C,H,O khi t chy ta c :
n CO2 n H=
2O
n X . LK
Vi ancol no ta hiu s lin kt l 1
.c
Nu ancol X c k chc th n Trong X
= k.n X iu ny kh quan trng khi
ok
O
BTNT.O
(2).Vi dng oxi ha khng ton (to andehit,xeton,axit) ch ancol khng
bo
phi n chc.
Vi ancol bc 1 cho andehit. Bi ton thng gn thm vi phn ng trng Ag.
et
Vi ancol bc 2 cho ra xeton.

Ch : Cc bi ton Oxi ha ancol khng n chc thng l kh nguy him .
vi
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: t chay hoan toan ancol X c CO 2 va H 2 O co ti l mol tng ng la
ng
3: 4, th tich oxi cn dung t chay X bng 1,5 ln th tich CO 2 thu c ( o

cung k). X la:
a
A. C 3 H 8 O B. C 3 H 8 O 2 C. C 3 H 8 O 3 D. C 3 H 4 O
D thy X c 3C v 8H.
kh
n CO = 3(mol) BTNT
Gi s c 1 mol X : 2 n O = 10(mol)
n H2O = 4(mol)
Va n Ophan ng =
1,5.3 =
4,5 n OTrong X =
1(mol)
2
Vy X phi l ancol n chc Chn A

Cu 2: t chay hoan toan 0,4 mol hn hp X gm ancol metylic , ancol etylic va
ancol isopropylic ri hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong d c
80 gam kt tua. Th tich oxi (ktc) ti thiu cn dung la:
A. 26,88 lit B. 23,52 lit C. 21,28 lit D. 16,8 lit.
474
CO 2 : 0,8(mol)
Cc ancol u l no v n chc : X
Chy

H 2 O : 0,8 + 0, 4 =
1, 2(mol)
BTNT.O 0,8.2 + 1,2 0,4

= n OPhan ng = 1,2(mol) = V 26,88(lit)
2
2
Cu 3: t chay mt lng ancol A cn va u 26,88 lit O2 ktc, thu c 39,6g
CO 2 va 21,6g H 2 O. A co cng thc phn t :
A. C 2 H 6 O B. C 3 H 8 O C. C 3 H 8 O 2 D. C 4 H 10 O.
T cc p n ta thy cc ancol u l no.
CO : 0,9(mol)
Ta c: 2 n A = 1, 2 0,9 = 0,3(mol)
n
H 2 O :1, 2(mol)
.v

BTNT.O
n Trong
O = 1, 2 + 0,9.2 1,=
A
2.2 0,6(mol)
Do A l ancol hai chc Chn C
om
Cu 4: ancol A bc I, mch h, c th no hay c mt lin kt i, cng thc phn
t C x H 10 O. Ly 0,02 mol CH 3 OH v 0,01 mol X trn vi 0,1 mol O 2 ri t chy
hon ton hai ancol. Sau phn ng thy c O 2 d. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
.c
A. C 6 H 9 OH B. C 3 H 7 OH C. C 4 H 9 OH D. C 5 H 9 OH
ok
CH 3OH : 0,02(mol) BTNT.H
Ta c: n H2O = 0,09(mol)
C x H 9 OH : 0,01(mol)
bo
0,1.2 + 0,03 0,09

BTNT.O
n CO2 < = 0,07
2
et
Do : BTNT C
0,02.1 + 0,01.x < 0,07 x < 5
Chn C
vi
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 5,6 lt hi 2 ancol no, n chc thu c 7,84 lt CO 2

(cc th tch u o ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng 200 ml
ng
dung dch Ba(OH) 2 1,5M. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng Thay i nh th
no:
a
A. Gim 23,05g B. Tng 12,25 g

C. Gim 26,2 g D. Tng 26,2 g
kh
n ancol = 0, 25(mol)
Ta c: n H2O = 0, 25 + 0,35 = 0,6(mol)
n CO2 = 0,35(mol)
BTNT(Ba + C) BaCO3 : 0, 25(mol)

=
n Ba (OH)2 0,3(mol)
Ba(HCO3 ) 2 : 0,05(mol)
=
BTKL
m m(CO , H O) m
2 2
= 23,05 Chn A
0,35.44 + 0,6.18 0, 25.197 =
475
Cu 6: Cho 6,44 gam mt ancol n chc phn ng vi CuO un nng, thu c

8,68 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi
lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 60,48. B. 45,36. C. 30,24. D. 21,60.
BTKL 8,68 6,44
Ta c: n=
phan ng
O
n Andehit
= = 0,14(mol)
16
6, 44
V ancol d n ancol > 0,14. Do M ancol < = 46 CH 3 OH
0,14
n HCHO =
nO =
0,14 m Ag = 4. 0,14. 108 = 60,48 (gam)
Cu 7: Hn hp X gm ancol etylic v hai hirocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng.
n
Ha hi m gam X thu c th tch bng vi th tch ca 0,96 gam oxi cng iu
.v
kin. Mt khc t chy m gam X cn va 0,3 mol O 2 , sau phn ng thu c
0,195 mol CO 2 . Phn trm s mol C 2 H 5 OH trong hn hp hp:
om
A. 60%. B. 50%. C. 70%. D. 25%.
Ta c: n=
X n=O2 0,03
.c
Nu s mol CO 2 ln hn hoc bng s mol H 2 O n Otrong(CO2 ;H2 O) 0,915.3 =
0.585 < 0,6 (V l ) nn TH ny loi
ok
Do s mol H 2 O phi ln hn s mol CO 2 .Gi s hai hidrocacbon l no
mch h .Ta s c ngay :
bo
n X = n H2 O n CO2 0,03 = n H2 O 0,195 n H2 O = 0,225(mol)

n Otrong X = n ancol = 0,195.2 + 0,225 0,3.2 = 0,015(mol) B
et
Cu 8: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol X no, mch h, cn va 8,96 lit kh
O 2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH) 2 th
vi
to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l:

ng
A. 4,9 gam v propan-1,3-iol. B. 9,8 gam v propan-1,2-iol.

C. 9,8 gam v glixerol. D. 4,9 gam v propan-1,2-iol
Nhn vo p n thy X c 3 cc bon. Khi c ngay:
a
0,3CO2
kh
0,1X
BTNT.oxi
n OX = 1 0,4.2 = 0,2 vy X c 2 chc.
0,4H 2 O
nX
n Cu( OH ) = = 0,1 m = 9,8
2 2
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
476
Cu 1 : t chy hon ton m gam ancol X n chc thu c hn hp sn phm

Y. Sc Y vo Ba(OH) 2 d thu c 14,8932 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh phn
ng tng 4,9140 gam. Tch nc ancol X trong H 2 SO 4 /1700C thu c anken duy
nht. S cht X tha mn v gi tr ca m l :
A. 3 v 1,852 B. 4 v 1,852 C. 7 v 1,2852 D. 6 v 1,2852
Cu 2: Cho 6,44 gam mt ancol n chc phn ng vi CuO un nng, thu c
8,68 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi
lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 60,48. B. 45,36. C. 30,24. D. 21,60.
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm ancol etylic v hai hirocacbon thuc cng dy ng ng.
Ha hi m gam X thu c th tch bng vi th tch ca 0,96 gam oxi cng iu
n
kin. Mt khc t chy m gam X cn va 0,3 mol O 2 , sau phn ng thu c
.v
0,195 mol CO 2 . Phn trm s mol C 2 H 5 OH trong hn hp hp:
A. 60%. B. 50%. C. 70%. D. 25%.
om
Cu 4: M l hn hp ca ancol no X v axit n chc Y, u mch h. t chy
ht 0,4 mol M cn 30,24 lt O 2 ktc thu c 52,8 gam CO 2 v 19,8 gam nc.
Bit s nguyn t cacbon trong X v Y bng nhau. S mol Y ln hn s mol ca
.c
X. CTPT ca X, Y l:
ok
A. C 3 H 8 O 2 v C 3 H 6 O 2 B. C 3 H 8 O v C 3 H 6 O 2
C. C 3 H 8 O v C 3 H 2 O 2 D. C 3 H 8 O 2 v C 3 H 4 O 2
Cu 5: Ancol X tc dng c vi Cu(OH) 2 . t chy hon ton m gam X cn x
bo
lt O 2 ktc,thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 v 0,6 mol H 2 O . Gi tr ca m v x tng ng

l:
et
A.9,2 v 8,96 B. 12,4 v 13,44

C. 12,4 v 11,2 D. 9,2 v 13,44
vi
Cu 6: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol, thu c 13,44 lt

kh CO2 (ktc) v 15,3 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho m gam X tc dng vi Na (d),
ng
thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:

A. 12,9. B. 12,3 C. 15,3. D. 16,9.
a
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol X no, mch h, cn va 8,96 lit kh
kh
O 2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,2 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH) 2 th

to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. Gi tr ca m v tn gi ca X tng ng l:
A. 4,9 gam v propan-1,3-iol. B. 9,8 gam v propan-1,2-iol.
C. 9,8 gam v glixerol. D. 4,9 gam v propan-1,2-iol
(ktc) v 14,4 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 13,32. B. 11,2. C. 12,32. D. 13,4.
Cu 9: Oxi ho 1 ancol n chc bng O 2 c mt cht xc tc thu c hn hp
X. Chia X thnh ba phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng ht vi Na thu c 8,96 lt
477
H 2 (ktc) v hn hp Y, lm kh Y thu c 48,8 gam cht rn khan. Phn 2 tc

dng vi NaHCO 3 d th thu c 4,48 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Phn ba, tc dng vi
AgNO 3 / NH 3 d thu c 21,6 g bc. CTCT ca ancol dng l:
A. C 2 H 3 CH 2 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH
C. C 2 H 5 CH 2 OH D. CH 3 OH
Cu 10. Cho 6,9 gam mt ancol n chc phan ng vi CuO un nong , thu c
cht rn A va 9,3gam hn hp X gm andehit , nc, ancol d. Cho toan b lng
X phan ng hoan toan vi lng d dung dich AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c a gam Ag .
Gia tri ca a la:
A. 64,8. B. 24,3. C. 32,4. D. 16,2.
Cu 11. Oxi ha hon ton m gam hai ancol n chc, bc mt, mch h, ng
n
ng lin tip nhau bng CuO d, nung nng thu c hn hp hi X c t khi hi
.v
so vi l 13,75. X lm mt mu va 200 ml dd nc . Gi tr ca
om
m l:
A. 11,7. B. 8,9. C. 11,1. D. 7,8
Cu 12. Oxi ha ancol etylic bng oxi (xt men gim) thu c hn hp lng X
.c
(hiu sut oxi ha t 50%). Cho hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 3,36 lt
(ktc). Vy khi lng axit thu c l:
ok
Cu 13: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm cc ancol thu c 13,44 lt
bo
CO 2 v 15,30 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, cho m gam X tc dng vi Na (d) th thu c

5,6 lt H 2 . Cc th tch kh o ktc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,90. B. 11,10. C. 12,90. D. 16,90.
et
Cu 14: Oxi ha hon ton 2m gam mt ankol n chc bng oxi xc tc thch
hp thu c 3m gam hn hp ch cha anehit v nc. Mt khc ly 9,6 gam
vi
ankol trn em oxi ha mt thi gian thu c hn hp gm anehit, axit, ankol d

ng
v nc trong s mol axit gp ba ln s mol ca aneht. Ly hn hp ny trng

bc hon ton thu c 54 gam bc. Hiu sut ca qu trnh oxi ha ankol l
A. 50% B. 80% C. 66,67% D. 60%
a
Cu 15: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol ng ng lin tip thu
kh
c 0,66 gam CO 2 v 0,45 gam nc. Nu tin hnh oxi ho hon ton hn hp
ancol trn bng CuO, sn phm to thnh cho tc dng ht vi dung dch cha
AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th lng kt ta Ag thu c l:
Cu 16: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc X 1 , X 2 ng ng k tip
( M X1 < M X 2 ), phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu c 0,25 mol H 2 O v hn hp
Y gm hai anehit tng ng v hai ancol d. t chy hon ton Y thu c 0,5
mol CO 2 v 0,65 mol H 2 O. Mt khc, cho ton b lng Y trn tc dng vi lng
478
d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, kt thc cc phn ng thu c 0,9 mol
Ag. Hiu sut to anehit ca X 1, X 2 ln lt l:
A. 50,00% v 66,67%. B. 33,33% v 50,00%.
C. 66,67% v 33,33%. D. 66,67% v 50,00%.
Cu 17: Mt ancol 2 chc ,phn t khng c nguyn t cacbon bc 3. un nh m
gam hi ancol trn vi bt CuO(d) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi
lng cht rn trung bnh gim 2,24g ng thi thu c hn hp kh v hi(ktc)
c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 18. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,88 B. 7,84 C. 5,32 D. 1,54
Cu 18: Oxi ha 4,6 gam ancol etylic bng O 2 iu kin thch hp thu c 6,6
gam hn hp X gm anehit, axit, ancol d v nc. Hn hp X tc dng vi natri
n
d sinh ra 1,68 lt H 2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng chuyn ha ancol thnh
.v
anehit l:
om
A. 75%. B. 50%. C. 33%. D. 25%.
Cu 19: Oxi ho 9,2 gam ancol etylic bng CuO un nng thu c 13,2 gam hn
hp gm anehit, axit, ancol d v nc. Hn hp ny tc dng vi Na sinh ra 3,36
lt H 2 ktc. Phn trm ancol b oxi ho l:.c
A. 75%. B. 50%. C. 25%. D. 90%.
ok
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm cc ancol no, hai chc, c mch cacbon khng phn
nhnh. Dn m gam X qua bnh ng CuO nung nng d, sau phn ng thy khi
lng bnh gim 9,6 gam. Hn hp hi thot ra khi bnh c t khi so vi hiro l
bo
25. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 35,4. B. 20,4. C. 50,4. D. 34,8.
et
Cu 21: Cho m gam hn hp hi X gm hai ancol( n chc, bc I , l ng ng

k tip) phn ng vi CuO d, thu c hn hp hi Y gm nc v andehit. T
vi
khi hi ca Y so vi kh hidro bng 14,5 . Cho ton b Y phn ng hon ton vi

lng d dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 , thu c 97,2 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
ng
A.14 B.10,1 C.18,9 D.14,7

Cu 22: Hn hp X gm mt ancol v hai sn phm hp nc ca propen. T
a
khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d)

kh
nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht

hu c v hi nc,khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton
vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng
ca propan-1-ol trong X l:
A. 16,3% B. 48,9% C.83,7% D.65,2%
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm cc hidrocacbon v ancol mch h. t chy hon ton
1,48 gam X thu c 3,08 gam CO 2 v 1,44 gam H 2 O. Nu ly 2,22 gam X cho
tc dng vi Na d thy thot ra V lt H 2 (ktc). Xc nh V?
A. 0,336 lt B. 0,112 lt C. 0,168 lt D. 0,504 lt
479
Cu 24: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng (c t l s mol 2:3).

t X thu c 4,84 gam CO 2 v 2,88 gam H 2 O. Oxi ha nh X bng CuO ri ly
sn phm cho tham gia phn ng trng gng thu c m gam Ag, bit cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, Gi tr nh nht ca m l?
Cu 25:Oxi ha mg mt ancol no n chc X c hn hp Y gm
axit,andehit,ancol d v nc. Chia hn Y thnh 3 phn bng nhau :
Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu c 54g kt ta Ag
Phn 2: Cho phn ng va vi dung dch Br 2 th thy thot ra 3.36 lit(ktc)
mt kh Z duy nht.
Phn 3: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 5.6 lit(ktc) kh H 2
n
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X v hiu sut phn ng oxihoa ca X
.v
A. CH 3 OH v 57,14% B.CH 3 CH 2 OH v 33.33%
om
C.CH 3 OH v 33.33% D.CH 3 CH 2 OH v 42.85%
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc, bc mt, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng. t chy m gam X trong kh O 2 d, thu c 1,792 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v
2,34 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, oxi ha m gam X bng CuO nung nng, thu c hn
.c
hp Y gm 2 anehit. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 ,
ok
un nng, thu c a gam Ag. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca
a l
A. 15,12. B. 10,80. C. 21,60. D. 17,28.
bo
Cu 27: xi ha 4,8 gam ancol X n chc, bc 1 thnh axit tng ng bng O 2 ,

ly ton b hn hp sau phn ng (hn hp Y) cho tc dng vi Na d th thu c
et
2,8 lt kh (ktc). Hn hp Y tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH xM. Gi

tr ca x l?
vi
A. 1 M B. 0,5 M C. 1,25 M D. 2,5 M

ng

(ktc) v 14,4 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca V l:
a
A. 13,32. B. 11,2. C. 12,32. D. 13,4.

kh
Cu 29: Oxi ha m gam ancol CH 3 OH bng oxi khng kh vi hiu sut 80% c
hn hp A gm axit; anehit, nc v ancol d. Chia A lm hai phn bng nhau.
Phn 1 em trng bc hon ton thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Phn 2 cho tc dng vi
Na d thu c 1,68 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,64 B. 3,2 C. 7,28 D. 6,4
Cu 30: Hn hp M gm 2 ancol no n chc c s C khng nh hn 2,mch h
X,Y v mt hidrocacbon Z . t chy hon ton mt lng M cn va 0,07 mol
O 2 ,thu c 0,04 mol CO 2 . Cng thc phn t ca Z l:
A. C 3 H 6 B. CH 4 C. C 2 H 4 D. C 2 H 6
480
Cu 31: X l hn hp ba ancol mch h thuc cng mt dy ng ng. Y l hn

hp hai axit cacboxylic n chc mch h. t chy hon ton m gam X thu c
15,68 lit kh CO 2 (ktc) v 19,8 gam H 2 O. trung ho ht 16,4 gam Y cn va
250 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Ly m gam hn hp X tc dng vi 32,8 gam hn
hp Y (xc tc H 2 SO 4 c) thu c a gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn
ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca a gam l :
A. 28,832 B. 36,04 C. 45,05 D. 34,592
Cu 32. Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit
cacboxylic, mt anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm hai
phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng ht vi Na d, thu c 0,504 lt kh H 2
(ktc). Phn hai cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 9,72 gam Ag. Phn
n
trm khi lng ancol b oxi ha l:
.v
A. 62,50% B. 31,25% C. 40,00% D. 50,00%
Cu 33: t chy hon ton hn hp hai ancol a chc cng dy ng ng cn
om
va V lt O 2 ( ktc). Sc sn phm chy to thnh vo dung dch nc vi
trong d. Sau phn ng thu c 8 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 2,5
gam so vi dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,688 lt. B. 2,240 lt.
.c
C. 3,024 lt. D. 2,352 lt.
Cu 34: Oxi ha 1,2 gam CH 3 OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu
ok
c hn hp X gm HCHO, H 2 O v CH 3 OH d. Cho ton b hn hp X phn
ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 th thu c 12,96 gam
Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ha CH 3 OH l:
bo
A. 80,0%. B. 76,6%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%.

Cu 35: Hn hp X gm ancol etylic, etylen glicol v glixerol. t chy m gam X
et
thu c 1 mol CO 2 v 1,4 mol H 2 O. Cng m gam X tc dng ti a vi 14,7 gam

Cu(OH) 2 . Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 29,2. B. 26,2. C. 40,0. D. 20,0

Cu 36. t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 ancol (a chc, cng dy ng
ng
ng) cn va V lt kh O 2 (ktc).Sau phn ng thu c 2,5a mol CO 2 v 63a

gam H 2 O. Biu thc tnh V theo a l:
a
A. V = 72,8a B. V = 145,6a C. V = 44,8a D. V = 89,6a

Cu 37: t chy ht m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc, mch h (c
kh
mt lin kt i C = C trong phn t) thu c Vlt kh CO 2 ktc v a gam H 2 O.

Biu thc lin h gia m; a v V l
4V 7a 4V 9a
A. m = . B. m = .
5 9 5 7
5V 7a 5V 9a
C. m = . D. m = .
4 9 4 7
Cu 38: Cho hn hp X gm hai Ancol a chc, mch h, thuc cng dy ng
ng. t chy hon ton hn hp X, thu c 13,2 gam CO 2 v 7,2 gam H 2 O. Hai
Ancol l:
481
A. C 2 H 5 OH v C 4 H 9 OH B. C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 v C 3 H 6 (OH) 2
C. C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 v C 4 H 7 (OH) 3 D. C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 v C 4 H 8 (OH) 2
Cu 39: Oxi ha 9,2 gam ancol etylic c hhA gm anehit,axit, nc, ancol d.
Cho A tc dng vi Na d c 2,464 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc cho A tc dng vi
lng d NaHCO 3 . Th tch kh thu c (ktc) l:
A. 0,224 lt B. 1,68 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 2,24 lt
Cu 40: t chy m gam hn hp ancol metylic v etylic c hn hp CO 2 v
H 2 O vi t l th tch tng ng l 5:8. % v khi lng ca ancol metylic trong
hn hp l:
A. 25,81 B. 42,06 C. 40,00 D. 33,33
Cu 41: Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no,n chc,phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu
n
c 6,2 gam hn hp X gm anehit ,nc v ancol d. Cho ton b lng hn
.v
hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 ,un
nng,thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A.43,2. B.16,2. C.21,2. D.10,8.
Cu 42.Oxi ha 0,16 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm 1 axit
cacboxylic, 1 andehit, ancol d v H 2 O. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm 2 phn
.c
bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc dng ht vi Na d, thu c 1,008 lit kh H 2 (ktc).
ok
Phn 2 cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 19,44 gam Ag. Phn trm khi
lng ancol b oxi ha l
bo
A. 31,25%. B. 62,5%. C. 40%. D. 15%.

Cu 43: Hn hp M gm etilenglicol, ancol metylic, propan .(s mol etilenglicol
bng s mol propan ). Cho ton b m( g) hn hp M tc dng vi Na thu c
et
3,36 lt H 2 ( ktc). Mt khc t chy hon ton m (g) hn hp M ni trn thu

c 26,4 gam CO 2 . gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 12,6. B. 13,8. C. 15,2. D.8,24.

ng
Cu 44. Oxi ha 8 gam ancol metylic bng CuO, t . sau mt thi gian thu c
0
hn hp kh A gm HCHO, HCOOH, H 2 O v CH 3 OH (d) . Cho A tc dng vi

lng d Na thu c 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc) th th tch (ml) dung dch NaOH 0,5M
a
cn dng tc dng ht lng axit c trong A l:

kh
A. 150. B. 75. C. 50. D. 100
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: Chn p n C
BTKL + BTNT CO : 0,0756
Ta c : n=
BaCO3 0,0756 2 X : C6 H15 OH
H 2 O : 0,0882
482
n X= n H2O n CO2= 0,0126 m= 1, 2852

C 7 ancol tha mn tnh cht tch nc cho mt anken duy nht :
H SO (a c)
CH3CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
2 4
1700 c
CH3CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH
= CH 2 + H 2 O
CH3CH2CH2CHCH2OH
H 2SO 4 (dac)
1700 C
CH3CH2CH2C=CH2 + H2O
CH3 CH3
HOCH2CH2CH2CHCH3
H 2SO 4 (dac)
1700 C
CH2=CHCH2CHCH3 + H2O
CH3 CH3
n
CH3CH2 CHCH2CH2OH
H 2SO 4 (dac)
CH3CH2CHCH=CH2 + H2O
.v
1700 C
CH3 CH3
om
CH3CH2CHCH2CH3
H 2SO4 (dac)
1700 C
CH3CH2CCH2 C CH3 +H2O (TH ny HS hay vit thiu)
CH2-OH CH2
CH3
.c CH3
ok
CH3 C-CH2CH2OH
H 2SO 4 (dac)
1700 C
CH3 C CH=CH2 + H2O
bo
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH - CHCH2OH
H 2SO 4 (dac)
1700 C
CH3CH C=CH2 +H2O
et
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

vi
Cu 2: Chn p n A
ng
n O = 0,14
V ancol d n ancol > 0,14
6, 44
a
M ancol < = 46 CH 3 OH
0,14
kh
= n=
nHCHO O 0,14 m Ag = 4. 0,14. 108 A
Cu 3: Chn p n B
Ta c: =
n X n=O2 0, 03
Nu s mol CO 2 ln hn hoc bng s mol H 2 O
n Otrong(CO2 ;H2 O) 0,195.3 =0.585 < 0,6 (V l ) nn TH ny loi
Do s mol H 2 O phi ln hn s mol CO 2 .Gi s hai hidrocacbon l no
mch h .
Ta s c ngay: n X = n H2 O n CO2 0,03 = n H2 O 0,195 n H2 O = 0,225
483
n Otrong X = n ancol = 0,195.2 + 0,225 0,3.2 = 0,015(mol) B

Cu 4: Chn p n D
n O = 1,35(mol)
2
=n CO2 1,2(mol) n= 1,2.2 + 1,1 1,35.2
= 0,8
BTNT.oxi trong M
O

n H2 O = 1,1(mol)
ancol : a(mol)

axit : b(mol)
Ti y ta th p n ngay, khng nn ngi suy lun nh.
n
Cu 5: Chn p n C
n X =0,6 0,4 =0,2 HO CH 2 CH 2 OH m =12,4
.v

BTNT.oxi
0,2.2 +=
2x 0,4.2 + 0,6
= x 11,2(lit)
om
Cu 6: Chn p n C
CO2 : 0,6(mol)
.c
H 2 O : 0,85(mol)
n =0,2 n =0,4(mol)
H2
ok
OH
m = m C + m H + m O = 0,6.12 + 0,85.2 + 0,4.16 = 15,3(gam)

Cu 7: Chn p n B
bo
Nhn vo p n thy X c 3 cc bon. Khi c ngay:

0,3CO2
et
0,1X
BTNT.oxi
n OX = 1 0,4.2 = 0,2 vy X c 2 chc.
0,4H 2 O
vi
nX
n Cu( OH ) =
= 0,1(mol) m = 9,8(gam)
2
2
ng
Cu 8: Chn p n C
11,5
=n hh = 0,25
a
M C n H2 n+2 O= 46 46
kh
x
n H O = 0,8
2
n CO2 = 0,8 0,25 = 0,55(mol) V = C
Cu 9: Chn p n B
Ta tnh ton vi trng hp khng phi CH 3 OH
RCH 2 OH + [ O ] RCHO + H 2 O RCHO : a =0,1 n Ag =0,2

a a a X RCOOH := = n CO2
b 0,2

RCH 2 OH + 2 [ O ] RCOOH + H 2 O 3 H 2 O : a + b
b b b RCH OH : c
2
484
RCOONa : 0,2
1
n H2 = 0,4= (b + a + b + c) c= 0,3 48,8 NaOH : 0,3 R= 15
2 RCH ONa : 0,3
2
Cu 10. Chn p n A
9,3 6,9 6,9
nancol > nop / u = =0,15 Mancol < =46 CH 3OH
16 0,15
X c 0,15 mol HCHO nAg = 0,15.4 = 0,6
Cu 11. Chn p n D
Nu khng c HCHO; M X =27,5
n
nRCHO =
0,2.1,5 =
0,3 nH 2 O =
0,3
(v l)
.v
m = (0,3 + 0,3).27,5= 16,5
om
2a + 3b = 0,3
CH 3OH : a(mol) a = 0,1(mol)
32a + 46b + 16(a + b) =
27,5
C 2 H 5OH : b(mol) 2(a + b) b = 0,1(mol)
.c
m= 7,8(gam)
Cu 12. Chn p n B
ok
CH 3COOH : a(mol)
3a
= 0,15 a= 0,1(mol)
bo
X H 2 O : a(mol)
C H OH : a(mol) 2
2 5
et
Cu 13: Chn p n D
CO2 : 0,6(mol)
vi

H 2 O : 0,85(mol)

ng
n H2 =0,25 n OH =0,5 =n O
trong X

BTKL

= m m C + m H +=
m O 0,6.12 + 0,85.2 + 0,5.16
= 16,9(gam)
a
Ch : Ru c s mol H 2 O > CO 2 th chc chn l no. Nhng khng bit n hay

kh
a. Tuy nhin khi Na + ancol ta lun c :=

n H 2n
2
= OH 2n Otrong ancol
Cu 14: Chn p n C
2m

BTKL
m=
O m M ankol
= = 32 CH 3OH
m
16
HCHO : a(mol)

0,3CH 3OH HCOOH : 3a(mol)
CH OH : 0,3 4a (mol)
3 ( )
485
n Ag = 4a + 3a.2 = 10a = 0,5 a = 0,05(mol)

0,3 0,1
=
H = C
0,3
Cu 15: Chn p n B
CO2 : 0,015(mol) 0,015
= n = 1,5
H
2 O : 0,025(mol) 0,025 0,015
HCHO : 0,005(mol)
n = 0,03(mol)
CH 3CHO : 0,005(mol)
Cu 16: Chn p n D
n
Ch : BTNT hidro ta s c : Khi t chy X s thu c 0,25 mol CO 2 v 0,9 mol
.v
H2O
( )
C n H 2n + 2 O nCO2 + n + 1 H 2 O 0,9n (
= 0,5 n + 1 = )
n 1,25
om
HCHO : a = a + b 0,25 = a 0,2
Do 0,25
CH 3CHO : b 4a = + 2b 0,9 =
.c b 0,05
Vi hn hp X ta c: n X = n H2 O n CO2 = 0,9 0,5 = 0,4
ok
0,2 0,05
C ngay: H X1 = = 66,67%; H X2 = = 50%
0,3 0,1
Cu 17: Chn p n C
bo
Ch : R(OH) 2 + 2O R(CHO) 2 + 2 H 2 O
M = 36 0,14
n hn hp kh = .3 = 0, 21
et

nO = 0,14 2
vi
m = 0,21. 36 0,14. 16 = 5,32

Cu 18: Chn p n D
ng
nO = 0,125
a + 2b = 0,125
1O RCHO
2O RCOOH n= 0,075 a + b + b + ( 0,1 a =
b ) 0,15
a
H2

kh
a = 0,025(mol)

b = 0,05(mol)
Cu 19: Chn p n A
CH 3 CH 2 OH + O CH 3 CHO + H 2 O

a a a

CH 3 CH 2 OH + 2O CH 3 COOH + H 2 O
b 2b b b

CH 3 CH 2 OH du : 0,2 a b
486
a + 2b = n O = 0,25 a = 0, 05 0,15
H= = 75%
0,5a + b + 0,5(0,2 a b)= n H2= 0,15 b = 0,1 0,2
Cu 20: Chn p n A
R(CH 2 OH)2 + 2O R ( CHO ) + 2H 2 O
2
nO
n=X
= 0,3
2
n hh = 0,9 m sauhh
pha n ng
= 0,9.2.25 = 45

m = 45 0,6.16 = 35,4
n
Cu 21: Chn p n D
4a + 2b =
.v
0,9
CH 3OH : a a =
0,1(mol)
Ta gi s ngay: 32a + 46b + 16(a + b)
= 29 b = 0,25(mol)
om
C 2 H 5OH : b 2(a + b)

Cu 22: Chn p n A
.c
CH 3OH : a a + b + c = n O = 0,2

ok
M X = 46 X C 3 H 7 OH (b1 ) : b 4a + 2b = 0,45
C H OH (b ) : c 32a + 60(b + c)
3 7 2 = 46

bo
0,2
a = 0,1(mol)
60b
=
b 0,025(mol) = = 16,3%
et
%
c = 0,075(mol) 46.0,2

vi
Cu 23: Chn p n D
n CO2 = 0,07(mol) BTKL
ng
1,48 0,07.12 0,08.2

= n OX = = 0,03 n OH (mol)
n H2 O = 0,08(mol) 16
a
0,03
n H2 = = 0,015(mol)
kh
2
0,015.2,22
vi m= 2,22 n H = = 0,0225(mol) V= 0,504(lt)
2
1,48
Cu 24: Chn p n D
CO2 : 0,11(mol) CH OH
n X= 0,05 C= 2,2 TH1 3
H 2 O : 0,16(mol) RCH 2 OH
Vi TH 1 : s mol Ag b nht l 0,02.4+0,03.2=0,14m=15,12 (Loi)
C H OH
TH 2 TH 2 2 5 n ancol =n andehit =0,05 n Ag =0,1 D
RCH 2 OH
487
Cu 25: Chn p n A
Nhn nhanh qua p n thy c 2 TH v ru.Vi TH CH 3 OH thng nguy
him.Ta s th vi ru ny ngay:
CH 3 OH + [ O ] HCHO + H 2 O

a a a

CH 3 OH + 2 [ O ] HCOOH + H 2 O

b b b
CH 3 OH : c

4a + 2b = n Ag = 0,5 a = 0,05(mol)
n
0,2
= c 0,15 = b 0,15(mol)= H = .100 57,14%
.v
0,5a + b= 0,35
+ 0,5c 0,25 = c 0,15(mol)
om
Cu 26: Chn p n A
CO2 : 0,08(mol) n X = 0,05 CH 3OH : 0,02(mol)

H 2 O : 0,13(mol) C = 1,6 C 2 H 5OH : 0,03(mol)
.c

BTE
Ag : 0,02.4 + 0,03.2= 0,14(mol)
ok
Cu 27: Chn p n A
Ht sc ch : Bi ton ny c ancol d,ta i tm X trc.
bo
RCH 2 OH RCOOH + H 2 O
4,8
et
n H2 = 0,125 M X < = 38,4(CH 3OH : 0,15)

0,125
vi
HCOOH : a

Y : H 2 O : a 2n H2 = 0,25 = a + a + 0,15 a a = 0,1
ng
CH OH : 0,15 a
3
Cu 28: Chn p n C
a
Hn hp kh v hi u gm cc cht khng cha lin kt nn lun c

kh
11,5
=n hh n H2 O n CO2 ; n hh = =0,25; n H2 O =0,8 n CO2 =0,55
46
Cu 29: Chn p n D
HCHO : a
HCOOH : b

Ta c: CH 3OH A
O2
H 2 O : a + b
CH 3OH : 0, 25(a + b)
488

AgNO3
4a + 2b = 0, 22.2
HO
2
b + a + b + 0, 25(a + b)= 0,075.2.2
=4a + 2b 0, 22.2= a 0, 06(mol) 32(0,1 + 0, 06)
= m = 6, 4(gam)
1, 25a =
+ 2, 25b 0, 075.2.2
= b 0,1(mol) 0,8
Cu 30: Chn p n B
n O2 0,07
V = = 1,75 > 1,5 ; Z l ankan; loi A v C.
n CO2 0,04
3n + 1 x
Ta c: Cn H 2n + 2 O x + O 2 nCO 2 + ( n + 1) H 2 O
n
2
.v
3n + 1 x n
0,07n =0,04 x =1 n < 2 CH 4
2 2
om
3n + 1 x n
0,07n =0,04 x =1 n < 2 CH 4
2 2
Cu 31: Chn p n B .c
H 2 O 1,1 mol > CO 2 0,7 mol => X l hh cc ancol no.
ok
0,7
C= =1,75 X l hh cc ancol no, n chc v mol ancol = 0,4.
1,1 - 0,7
bo
BTNT => m X = m = 0,7*12 + 1,1*2 + 16*0,4 = 17 gam.

32,8 gam Y c s mol 0,25*2 = 0,5 mol.
P este ho : Ancol X + Axit Y Este + H 2 O (Axit d nn tnh theo ancol)
et
80 17 32,8
BTKL : a = .0,4( + - 18) = 28,832 gam Chn A
100 0,4 0,5
vi
y l dng bi tp kh quen thuc v phn ng t chy ca ancol no n

ng
chc v phn ng este ho vi axit. HS gp kh khn trong khu xc nh dy

ng ng ca cc ancol X v x l hn hp 3 ancol phn ng vi 2 axit.
Cu 32. Chn p n A
a
Nu ancol thng: n Agmax = 0,04.2 = 0,08 < 0,09 => ancol CH 3OH
kh
Gi s mol CH 3 OH to ra andehit, axit, d ln lt l x, y, z mol

0
HCH 2 OH+ O
CuO,t
HCHO + H 2 O
x x x
0
HCH 2 OH+ 2O
CuO,t
HCOOH+ H 2 O
y y y
HCH 2 OH du
z
489
Ta c h phng trnh:
n CH3OHbd = x+ y+ z = 0,04
x = 0,02
x z
n H2 = + y+ = 0,0225 y = 0,005 => H = 62,5%
2 2 z = 0,015
n Ag = 4 x+ 2 y = 0,09

Cu 33: Chn p n D
n CO=
2
n=

0,08
Ta c : BTKL
8 (m H2 O + 0,08.44)
= 2,5 n=
H2 O 0,11
n
8
n ancol= 0,03 n=
.v
3
Vy ancol c 2 v 3 C .
om
V
n Otrong
= ancol
= 0,06
0,03.2 BTNT.O
0,06 + = .2 0,08.2 + 0,11
22,4
V= 2,352 (lt) .c
Cu 34: Chn p n A
ok
n CH OH = 0, 0375 0, 03
Ta c: 3 = H% =.100 80%
n Ag =0,12 n HCHO =0, 03 0, 0375
bo
Cu 35: Chn p n A
Ch : S nguyn t oxi v cacbon trong etylen glicol v glixerol l nh nhau.
et
V X l cc cht no nn: n X = n H2 O n CO2 = 0,4

1
vi
n Cu(OH)2
2
= n(C 2 H6 O2 ;C 3H8O3 ) 0,15(mol)
ng
n C H O + C H O = 0,3(mol)
2 6 2 3 8 3
n C 2 H6 O = 0,1(mol)
a

BTKL

= m m(C,H,O)
= 1.12 + 1,4.2 + [(1 0,2) + 0,1=
].16 29,2(gam)
kh
Cu 36. Chn p n A
Ta cho a = 1 cho d tnh ton: Ta c :
n CO2 = 2,5(mol)
n X= 1(mol) C= 2,5 C2,5 H 7 O 2
n H2O = 3,5(mol)
V

BTNT.Oxi
2 + = .2 2,5.2 + 3,5 =
V 72,8(lit)
22, 4
490
Cu 37: Chn p n C
Do X c 2 lin kt pi nn: n Otrong=
X
n=
X n CO2 n H2 O
V a V a 5V 7a

BTKL

= m m(C,H,O)
=
22,4
.12 + .2 + 16
18
=
22,4 18 4

9
Cu 38: Chn p n D
n CO = 0,3(mol)
Ta c: 2 n X = 0, 4 0,3 = 0,1(mol) C = 3 (loi A, B, C)
n H2O = 0, 4(mol)
Cu 39: Chn p n C
C2 H 5 OH + O CH 3CHO + H 2 O
n

a a
.v
Ta c:
C2 H 5 OH + 2O CH 3COOH + H 2 O
om
b b b
a + b + b + 0, 2 (a +=
b) 0,11.2 =
b 0,02(mol)
V=
CO 2 =
0,02.22, 4 0, 448 .c
Cu 40: Chn p n A
ok
n CO = 5(mol) CH 4 O : a =a+b 3 = a 1(mol)
Ta c: 2 n ancol =
3
n H= 8(mol) C 2 H 6 O : b a + =
2b 5 =
b 2(mol)
bo
2O
32.1
%CH
= 4O = .100 25,81%
32.1 + 46.2
et
Cu 41: Chn p n A
V cn ancol d nn:
vi
6,2 4,6 4,6

n ancol > n Ophan ng = =0,1 M ancol < =46 CH3OH
ng
16 0,1
n HCHO= 0,1(mol) n= Ag
0,4(mol) m= Ag
43,2(gam)
a
Cu 42. Chn p n B
kh
RCOOH : x(mol)
RCHO : y(mol)
BTNT.C
x + y + z= 0,08

nH2 =0,045
RCH 2 OH : z(mol) 2x + y + z = 0,09
H 2 O : (x + y)(mol)
=
x 0,01(mol)=
n Ag 0,18(mol) X : CH 3OH
x + y 0, 05
C ngay: 2x + 4y= 0,18 y= 0, 04; %= = .100= 62,5%
0, 08 0, 08
491
Cu 43: Chn p n B
V n C3 H8 = n C2 H6 O2 ta tng tng l ly 1 O t ancol lp sang ankan nh vy
hn hp M s ch l cc ancol no v n chc.
n H2 = 0,15 n M = 0,3 n Otrong M = 0,3
Ta c ngay:
n CO2 = 0,6
M : C 2 H 6 O =
BTKL
m =
0,3.46 13,8
Cu 44. Chn p n D
Ch : 1 mol cc cht ancol,axit n chc,nc khi tc dng vi Na u cho 0,5
mol H 2
n
Do , tng s mol kh H 2 thot ra chnh l do CH 3 COOH
.v
n CH=OH 0,25 Na
=
n H2 0,125
C ngay: 3 Na
om
A n H2 = 0,15
n=H2 0,025 n CH3COOH
= 0,05 = V 100 ml
.c
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
ok
Cu 1 : t chy hon ton Phong gam hn hp A cha nhiu ancol no thu c
0,8 mol CO 2 v 1,1 mol H 2 O.Gi tr nh nht,ln nht ca Phong ln lt l
bo
Nguyn , Anh.Tng ca Nguyn+ Anh c gi tr :

A. 41,2 gam B. 16,6 C. 26,4 D. p n khc
Cu 2: X l mt ancol ,khi un X vi H 2 SO 4 c nhit 180oC thu c 3
et
anken ng phn. t chy hon ton 0,23 mol hn hp Q gm X v axit

pentaonic cn x mol O 2 . em ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch
vi
Ba(OH) 2 ly d thu c 200,94 gam kt ta v khi lng dd baz gim y gam.

ng
Gi tr tng ng ca x,y ln lt l:
A. 1,11 v 125,61 B. 1,43 v 140,22
C. 1,71 v 98,23 D. 1,43 v 135,36
a
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 21,7 gam hn hp A l cc ancol no thu c 30,8 gam

kh
CO 2 v 1,05 mol H 2 O.Cho Na d vo 21,7 gam hn hp A th thy V lit kh thot

ra (ktc).Gi tr ca V l :
A.7,84 B.3,92 C.6,72 D.8,96
Cu 4. Tach nc hoan toan 16,6g hn hp A gm 2 ancol X,Y (MX < MY) thu
c 11,2g 2 anken k tip trong dy ng ng . Tach nc khng hoan toan
24,9g h n hp A (1400C, xt thch hp ) thu c 8,895g cc ete . Hiu sut phan
ng to ete ca X la 50%. Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Y l:
A. 70% B. 40% C. 60% D.50%
Cu 5. Thc hin phn ng hidrat ha hon ton c 4,74 gam hn hp A gm
2 ancol, thu c hn hp hai olefin hn km nhau 14 vC trong phn t. Lng
492
hn hp olefin ny lm mt mu va 0,9 lt dd . Phn trm theo khi

lng ca ancol c s cacbon nh trong hn hp A l:
A. 33,33% B. 28,45% C. 28,92% D. 38,02%
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm hai ancol X 1 v X 2 ( M X1 < M X 2 ). un nng X vi H 2 SO 4
c thu c 0,03 mol H 2 O v hn hp Y gm hai anken ng ng lin tip, ba
ete v hai ancol d. t chy hon ton Y thu c 0,13 mol CO 2 v 0,15 mol
H 2 O. Cng thc phn t ca X 1 l:
A. C 2 H 5 OH. B. C 3 H 7 OH. C. CH 3 OH. D. C 3 H 5 OH.
Cu 7: Cho hn hp X gm 0,5 mol C 2 H 5 OH v 0,7 mol C 3 H 7 OH dn qua
n
H 2 SO 4 c nng thu c m gam hn hp Y. Cho Y vo dung dch brom d th
thy c 1 mol Br 2 tham gia phn ng. Bit khi cho Na vo Y th khng c kh
.v
thot ra. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 47 B. 45,2 C. 43,4 D. 44,3
Cu 8: Tch nc hon ton t 25,8 gam hn hp A gm 2 ancol X v Y (M X <M Y ),
sau phn ng thu c hn hp B gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
.c
t chy hon ton B cn va 1,8 mol O 2 . Mt khc nu tch nc khng hon
ton 25,8 gam A ( 1400C, xc tc H 2 SO 4 c), sau phn ng thu c 11,76 gam
ok
hn hp cc ete. Bit hiu sut ete ha ca Y l 50%. Hiu sut ete ha ca X l:
A. 35%. B. 65%. C. 60%. D. 55%.
bo
Cu 9: un nng 66,4 gam hn hp 3 ancol n chc vi H 2 SO 4 c thu c

55,6 gam hn hp 6 ete vi s mol bng nhau. S mol ca mi ancol l:
et
A. 0,2mol B. 0,4mol C. 0,5 mol. D. 0,3 mol

Cu 10: Hn hp A gm hai ancol n chc k tip trong dy ng ng. Chia A
vi
lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 t chy c 0,6 mol CO 2 v 1,0 mol H 2 O. Phn 2
ng
un vi H 2 SO 4 c 1400C c 5,72 gam hn hp ete c t khi so vi H 2 =28,6.

Hiu sut phn ng ete ha vi mi ancol l:
a
A. 40%; 50% B. 40%; 60% C. 50% ; 50% D. 45%; 45%

Cu 11: un 5,3 gam hn hp X gm hai ancol A, B (M A < M B ) vi dung dch
kh
H 2 SO 4 c 1700C thu c 3,86 gam hn hp Y gm hai anken ng ng lin

tip v hai ancol d. t chy hon ton 3,86 gam hn hp Y thu c 0,25 mol
CO 2 v 0,27 mol H 2 O. Mt khc, un 5,3 gam hn hp X vi H 2 SO 4 c 1400C
th thu c 2,78 gam hn hp hi Z gm 3 ete c t khi so vi H 2 l 139/3. Vy
hiu sut phn ng to ete ca A v B ln lt l:
A. 40 v 80% B. 80 v 40%
C. 33,33 v 66,67 % D. 66,67% v 33,33%
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm hai ancol X 1 v X 2 (M X1 <M X2 ).un nng X vi H 2 SO 4
c thu c 0,03 mol H 2 O v hn hp Y gm hai anken ng ng k tip,ba ete
493
v hai ancol d. t chy hon ton Y thu c 0,13 mol CO 2 v 0,15 mol H 2 O .
Cng thc phn t ca X 1 l:
A.C 2 H 5 OH B. C 3 H 7 OH C. CH 3 OH D. C 3 H 5 OH
Cu 13: Cho 11 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc, mch h vo bnh ng Na d.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Nu cho hn
hp ancol vo bnh ng dung dch H 2 SO 4 c 140oC thu c m gam ete.(
Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete l 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,80. B. 4,48. C. 8,30. D. 6,64.
Cu 14: un 1 mol hn hp C 2 H 5 OH v C 4 H 9 OH (t l mol tng ng l 3:2) vi
H 2 SO 4 c 140oC thu c m gam ete, bit hiu sut phn ng ca C 2 H 5 OH l
60% v ca C 4 H 9 OH l 40% . Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 28,4. B. 53,76. C. 23,72. D. 19,04.
.v
Cu 15: un nng m g ancol X vi H 2 SO 4 c lm cht xc tc k thch hp
thu c m g cht hu c B c t khi so vi X l 0,7. CTPT X l:
om
A. CH 3 OH B. C 2 H 5 OH C. C 3 H 7 OH D. C 4 H 7 OH
P N CHI TIT .c
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
ok
Cu 1: Chn p n A

BTKL
Phong = m(C, H,O)
bo

Ta c : n A = n H2 O n CO2 = 0,3
Nguyen = 0,8.12 + 1,1.2 + 0,3.16 = 16,6

et
Anh = 0,8.12 + 1,1.2 + 0,8.16 = 24,6

(Nguyen Anh) = 16,6 + 24,6 = 41,2 (gam) Chn A
vi
Cu 2: Chn p n D
ng
C 4 H10 O : a(mol)
X : C 4 H10 O 0,23Q
C 5 H10 O2 : b(mol)
a
kh
1,02 =4a + 5b a =
0,13 CO2 :1,02

=a + b 0,23=

b 0,1

H 2 O :1,15
n=

=
1,02 n=
C 4a + 5b

BTNT.oxi
a + 2b=
+ 2x 1,02.2 + 1,15=
x 1,43
=
BTKL
m 200,94 (1,02.44 + 1,15.18)
= 135,36(gam)
Cu 3: Chn p n A
n CO = 0,7 BTKL 21,7 0,7.12 1,05.2
Ta c : 2 =
n Trong A
=
n Trong A
= 0,7
n H2O = 1,05
O OH
16
A
Na
n H2 0,35
= = =
V 0,35.22, 4 7,84(lit)
494
Cu 4. Chn p n B
C2 H 5 OH : 0,1(mol)

BTKL
16,6
= 11, 2 + mH 2 O nH=
2O = 0,3
n anken
C3 H 7 OH : 0, 2(mol)
C2 H 5 OH : 0,15(mol) 100%
m ete = 25,55
24,9
C3 H 7 OH : 0,3(mol) mete = 15,3
100%
m= C2 H5OH
= 2,775
0,5.5,55 6,12
H 100% : C H OH H= = 40%
ete
m ete
3 7
= 8,895 2,775 = 6,12 15,3
Cu 5. Chn p n D
n
n Br2 = 0,09
.v
C H OH : a(mol)
4,84 2 5
=
C n H 2n + 2 O =
n 2,55 C 3 H 7 OH : b(mol)
om
0,09
=a + b 0,09= a 0,04(mol)

46a +=60b 4,84 =
b 0,05(mol) .c
Cu 6: Chn p n A
ok
V thu c 2 anken ng ng lin tip nn 2 ru cng l ng ng lin tip
s C 2
bo
Bo ton ccbon c ngay n=

X
CO2 n=
Y
CO2 0,15
Bo ton nguyn t Hidro c ngay: n XH2 O = 0,03 + 0,15 = 0,18

et
T c ngay :=
n 2,6 A
vi
Cu 7: Chn p n B
ng
n = 1 n anken =
1 n H2 O =1(mol)
0,5(mol) : C 2 H 5OH Br2
X 1,2 1
0,7(mol) : C 3 H 7 OH n ete = =0,1 n H2 O =0,1(mol)
a
2
kh

BTKL
0,5.46 + 0,7.60
= m + 1,1.18 = m 45,2(gam)
Cu 8: Chn p n C
25,8 C2 H 5 OH : 0,3(mol)
1,8= 1,5n n= 2, 4 0,5
14n + 18 C3 H 7 OH : 0, 2(mol)
0,1 + 0,3h
0,1.60 + 0,3h.46 =11,76 + h=60%
2
Cu 9: Chn p n B
Vi bi ton ny cn nh 1 t l s mol 2ROH R O R + H 2 O
495

BTKL
=
66,4 55,6 + m H2 O m
= H2 O 10,8(gam)
0,6.2
n H2 O =0,6 n ancol = =0,4(mol)
3
Cu 10: Chn p n B
V t chy A cho n H2O > n CO2 nn A l cc ancol no n chc.
0,6 CH 3OH : a
Vi phn 1: n H2O n CO2 =1 0,6 =0, 4 C = =1,5
0, 4 C2 H 5 OH : b
a + b = 0, 4
a = b = 0, 2(mol)
a + 2b = 0,6
n
Vi phn 2: Gi s mol cc ancol b ete l:
.v
CH 3OH : x x+y 5,72
n ete = n H2O = = = 0,1 x + y = 0, 2
om
C2 H 5 OH : y 2 2.28,6

BTKL
m=ancol 32x + =46y 5,72 + 0,1.18
= 7,52
= x + y 0, 2= x 0,12(mol) .c

32x +=46y 7,52 =
y 0,08(mol)
ok
Cu 11: Chn p n A
D dng suy ra A v B l ng ng lin tip
5,3 3,86
bo
BTKL
= n Hb taOch khoi X = 0,08(mol)
2
18
Nu t chy 5,3 gam X:
et
C2 H 5 OH : 0,05(mol)
n X = 0, 27 + 0,08 0, 25 = 0,1 C = 2,5
C3 H 7 OH : 0,05(mol)
vi
C2 H 5 OH : a(mol)
ng
Gi s mol cc ancol bi ete ln lt l:

C3 H 7 OH : b(mol)
2,78.3 a + b =0,06
a
=
n ete = 0,03= n sinh ra
BTKL
46a +=
60b 2,78 + 0,03.18
H2O
139.2
kh
a = 0,02(mol)

b = 0,04(mol)
Cu 12: Chn p n A
BTNT.Hidro khi t chy X ta s c:
0,13
n X = 0,15 + 0,03 0,13 = 0,05(mol) C = = 2,6 X1 : C2 H 5 OH
0,05
Cu 13: Chn p n D
Ch : 2ROH ROR + H 2 O
496
Ta c : n H2 =0,15 n ancol =0,3 n H2 O =0,15

H =80%

BTKL
11
= m + 0,15.18 m= 8,3.80%= 6,64
Cu 14: Chn p n C
C H OH:0,6(mol)
Ta c ngay 2 5
C 4 H 9 OH:0,4(mol)
Bi ny ch cn ch : 2ROH ROR + H 2 O
Do s mol nc bng na s mol ancol:
1

BTKL
= m + .18. ( 0,6.0,6 + 0,4.0,4 )
0,6.46.0,6 + 0,4.74.0,4
n
2
.v
m= 23,72
Cu 15: Chn p n C
om
X 18
Ta c: M B < M X B l anken = 0,7 X = 60
X
BI TP RN LUYN S 3
.c
Cu 1: Hp cht hu c X c to bi glixerol v axit axetic Trong phn t X,
ok
s nguyn t H bng tng s nguyn t C v O. Thy phn hon ton m gam X cn
dng va 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca m l:
bo
A. 39,6 B. 26,4 C. 40,2 D. 21,8

Cu 2: Cho 0,4 mol axit isobutilic vo mt bnh cha 0,6 mol ancol etylic v mt
et
t H 2 SO 4 xc tc. un nng bnh phn ng este ha xy ra vi hiu sut bng

60%. Khi lng este c to ra c gi tr l:
vi
A. 22,56gam B. 27,84 gam C. 32,22gam D. 41,17gam

ng
Cu 3: Oxi ha 0,1 mol ancol etylic thu c m gam hn hp Y gm axetandehit,

nc v ancol etylic (d). Cho Na (d) vo m gam hn hp Y, sinh ra V lt kh
a
(ktc). Pht biu no sau y ng?

kh
A. s mol Na phn ng l 0,2 mol.

B. hiu sut phn ng ca oxi ha ancol l 100%.
C. gi tr ca V l 1,12.
D. gi tr ca V l 2,24.
Cu 4: Cho m gam hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C 3 H 6 O 2 tc dng
hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu
c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X v gi tr ca m l
A. C 2 H 5 COOH v 8,88 gam. B. C 2 H 5 COOH v 6,66 gam.
C. CH 3 COOCH 3 v 6,66 gam. D. HCOOCH 2 CH 3 v 8,88 gam.
497
Cu 5: C hai th nghim sau:

TN1: Cho 6g ancol no h n chc X tc dng vi m gam Na, sau phn ng thu
c 0,075 gam H 2 .
TN 2: Cho 6g ancol no h n chc X tc dng vi 2m gam Na, sau phn
ng thu khng ti 0,1gam H 2 .X c cng thc l:
A. C 4 H 9 OH. B. C 3 H 7 OH. C. C 2 H 5 OH. D. CH 3 OH.
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic, etylen glicol. Cho m gam X phn ng hon
ton vi Na d, thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 (ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X, thu
c a gam CO 2 . Gi tr ca a l:
n
A. 4,4 B. 2,2 C. 6,6 D. 8,8
Cu 7: Trn 13,6 g phenyl axetat vi 250 ml dd NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy
.v
ra hon ton c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr
om
ca m l:
A. 21,8 g. B. 8,2 g. C. 19,8 g. D. 10,2 g.
Cu 8: Cho 15,2 gam hn hp gm glixerol v ancol n chc X v Na d thu
c 4,48 lt (ktc). Lng
.c
do X sinh ra bng 1/3 lng do glixerol sinh ra.
X c cng thc l:
ok
A. C 2 H 5 OH. B. C 3 H 5 OH. C. C 3 H 7 OH. D. C 4 H 9 OH.
Cu 9: Tach nc hoan toan t hn hp Y gm 2 ancol A, B ta c hn hp X
bo
gm cac olefin . Nu t chay hoan toan Y thi thu c 0,66g CO 2 . Nu khi t

chay hoan toan X thi tng khi lng CO2 va H 2 O thu c la:
et
A. 0,39g B. 0,903g C. 0,93g D. 0,94g

Cu 10: un 1 mol hn hp C 2 H 5 OH v C 4 H 9 OH (t l mol tng ng l 3 : 2)
vi
vi H 2 SO 4 c 140oC thu c m gam ete, bit hiu sut phn ng ca C 2 H 5 OH

ng
l 60% v ca C 4 H 9 OH l 40% . Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 11: Khi un nng 25,8 gam hn hp ru (ancol) etylic v axit axetic c
a
H 2 SO 4 c lm xc tc thu c 14,08 gam este. Nu t chy hon ton lng

kh
hn hp ban u thu c 23,4 ml nc. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l:

A. 70%. B. 80%. C. 75%. D. 85%.
Cu 12: Ha tan ht mt lng kim loi Na cn V ml ancol (ru) etylic 460 thu
c 63,84 lt H 2 (ktc). Bit khi lng ring ca ru etylic nguyn cht l 0,8
g/ml. Gi tr nh nht ca V l:
A. 100. B. 180. C. 150. D. 120.
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm 2 ancol A, B (u no, n chc, mch h, c s mol bng
nhau v M A < M B ). Ly 10,60 gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt H 2
(ktc). Mt khc, oxi ha 10,60 gam X bng CuO d ri cho ton b sn phm tc
498
dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu c 43,2 gam kt ta. S cng thc cu
to ph hp vi B l:
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm ru no,n chc mch h A v ru no,mch h
B,c trn theo t l 1:1 v khi lng. Khi cho hn hp X tc dng vi Na d
th th tch H 2 do A sinh ra bng `17/16 th tch H 2 do B sinh ra. (cc th kh o
cng iu kin,nhit ,p sut) Mt khc khi t chy 13,6 gam hn hp X th thu
c 10,36 lt CO 2 (ktc). Bit t khi hi ca B so vi A bng 4,25. Cng thc
ca B l:
A.C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 B.C 4 H 6 (OH) 4 C. C 5 H 8 (OH) 4 D. C 4 H 7 (OH) 3
n
Cu 15: Cho 112,5 ml ancol etylic 92 tc dng vi Na d, n phn ng hon
o
.v
ton thu c V lt H 2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l: Bit khi lng ring ca ancol
etylic nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml v ca nc l 1 gam/ml.
om
A. 20,16. B. 30,8. C. 22,4. D. 25,76.
Cu 16: t chy hon ton m gam mt ancol no X thu c m gam H 2 O. Bit
khi lng phn t ca X nh hn 100 (vC). S ng phn cu to ca ancol X l:
.c
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
ok
Cu 17: Khi cho 13,8 gam glixerol (X) tc dng vi axit fomic th thu c hp
cht hu c (Y) c khi lng bng 1,18 ln khi lng cht (X) ban u. Bit
bo
hiu sut ca phn ng l 73,35 %. Vy tng s nguyn t c trong (Y) l:

A. 20 B. 14 C. 16 D. 18
et

vi

ng
gam so vi ban u . Gi tr ca V:
A. 2,8 B. 5,04 C. 5,6 D. 2,52
a
Cu 19: X l hn hp gm H 2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h,

kh
phn t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2

mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton
b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr V
l:
A. 11,2. B. 22,4 C. 5,6. D. 13,44.
Cu 20: Cho 6,04 gam hn hp X gm phenol v ancol etylic tc dng vi Na d
thu c 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Hy cho bit khi cho hn hp X vo dung dch Br 2 d
th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
499
Cu 21: Ha tan m gam ancol etylic (D = 0,8 g/ml) vo 108 ml nc (D = 1 g/ml)

to thnh dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi Na d thu c 85,12 lt (ktc) kh H 2 .
Dung dch A c ancol bng:
A. 460 B. 410 C. 80 D. 920
Cu 22: Hn hp M gm 3 cht hu c X, Y, Z u c cng loi nhm chc vi
cng thc phn t tng ng l CH 4 O, C 2 H 6 O, C 3 H 8 O 3 . t chy hon ton m
gam hn hp M, sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt CO 2 ( ktc) v 2,7 gam H 2 O.
Mt khc, 40 gam M ha tan c ti a 9,8 gam Cu(OH) 2 . Phn trm khi lng
ca X trong M l:
A. 8%. B. 4%. C. 38%. D. 16%.
n
Cu 23: Axit cacboxylic X hai chc(c phn trm khi lng ca oxi nh hn
70%) Y v Z l hai ancol ng ng k tip (M Y <M X ). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol
.v
hn hp gm X ,Y , Z cn va 8,96 lt O 2 (ktc),thu c 7,84 lt CO 2 (ktc) v
om
8,1 gam H 2 O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l:
A. 15,9%. B. 12,6% C. 29,6% D. 29,9%.
Cu 24. Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp hai ancol no, n chc, mch h
.c
thu c V lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v a gam H 2 O . Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l
A. m = a V/5,6 B. m = a + V/5,6
ok
C. m = 2a V/22,4 D. m = 2a V/11,2
Cu 25: t chy hon ton 20ml hi hp cht hu c X (ch gm C,H,O) cn va
bo
110 ml kh O 2 ,thu c 160 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi. Dn Y qua dung

dch H 2 SO 4 (c,d),cn li 80 ml kh Z. Bit cc th tch kh v hi u o cng
et
iu kin. Cng thc phn t ca X l:

A.C 4 H 8 O 2 B. C 4 H 10 O C. C 3 H 8 O D. C 4 H 8 O
vi
Cu 26: Cho 14 gam hn hp gm Etanol v Phenol tc dng va vi 100 ml

ng
dung dch NaOH 1M . Thnh phn % khi lng ca mi cht c trong hn hp

ban u l:
a
A. 32, 86 % v 67,14 % B. 33 % v 67 %
C. 61,8 % v 38,2 % D. 32,9% v 67,1%
kh
Cu 27: Cho 2,76 gam mt ancol n chc A phn ng vi 1,38 gam Na, sau
phn ng thu c 4,094 gam cht rn. CT ca A l:
A. C 4 H 9 OH B. CH 3 OH C. C 3 H 7 OH D. C 2 H 5 OH
Cu 28: Cho 0,2 mol ancol X tc dng vi Na d to ra 6,72 lit kh H 2 (ktc). Vy
ancol X l:
A. Hai chc B. n chc C. No ba chc D. Ba chc
Cu 29: Ln men m gam glucoz thnh ancol etylic th thu c 100 ml ancol 460.
Khi lng ring ca ancol nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml. Hp th ton b kh CO 2
500
sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men vo dung dch NaOH d thu c a gam mui (cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton). Gi tr ca a l:
A. 84,8 gam. B. 212 gam. C. 169,6 gam. D. 106 gam.
Cu 30: Ha hi hon ton mt hn hp X gm hai ru no thu c 1,568 lt hi
81,9oC v 1,3atm. Nu cho hn hp ru ny tc dng vi Na d th gii phng
c 1,232 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc t chy hon ton hn hp X thu c 7,48
gam CO 2 . Bit hai ru hn km nhau mt nhm chc,cng thc 2 ru l:
A.C 2 H 5 OH v C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 . B. C 3 H 6 (OH) 2 v C 3 H 5 (OH) 3.
C.C 2 H 5 OH v C 3 H 6 (OH) 2 . D.C 3 H 7 OH v C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 .
Cu 31.Hn hp X gm 3 ancol A, B, C u no, h, khi lng mol theo th t
n
lp thnh 1 cp s cng vi cng sai 30. t chy hon ton hn hp X thu c
.v
13,44 lit CO2(ktc) v 16,2 gam H 2 O. S mol ancol C bng 1/3 s mol hn hp X.
Phn trm khi lng ancol C trong X l:
om
A.66,67%. B.33,33%. C.50,54%. D.49,46%.
Cu 32: X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin
.c
nht, bt bo ha ( + v) = 4. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X cn 19,04 lt O 2 (
ktc) thu c 7,2(g) H 2 O , X tc dng c c vi Na v dung dch Br 2 . S cng
ok
thc cu to tha mn ca X l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
bo
Cu 33: Hn hp X gm CH 3 OH v CH 2 =CH-CH 2 OH. Cho m gam X tc dng

ht vi Na, thu c 5,04 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, 0,6 mol X tc dng va
et
vi 0,4 mol Br 2 trong dung dch. Khi lng CH 3 OH trong m gam X l:

vi
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm ancol etylic va hai ankan la ng ng k tip . t chay

hoan toan 9,45 gam X thu c 13,05 gam nc va 13,44 lit CO 2 (ktc). Phn trm
ng
khi lng cua ancol etylic trong X la:

A. 52,92%. B. 24,34%. C. 22,75%. D. 38,09%.
a
P N CHI TIT
kh
BI TP RN LUYN S 3
Cu 1: Chn p n B
Thay v lp CTTQ mt nhiu thi gian ta s i suy lun tng trng hp.
Nu l este 3 chc th ( C,O ) = 3 + 6 + 6 = 15 l (loi ngay v H lun chn)
D thy este 2 chc tha mn :
X + 2NaOH Glixezol + 2CH 3COONa

BTKL
m + 0,3.40 = 0,15.92 + 0,3.82 m = 26,4(gam)
501
Cu 2: Chn p n B
C 3 H 7 COOH BTKL
0,4.0,6(88 + 46)
= m + 0,4.0,6.18 =
m 27,84(gam)
C 2 H 5OH
Cu 3: Chn p n C
Cc bn ch nh: S mol H 2 O sinh ra = s mol ancol b oxi ha. Do C
ngay lp tc
V 1 mol nc hay 1 mol ancol u cho 0,5 mol H 2 .
C 2 H 5OH + Na C 2 H 5ONa + 0,5H 2
H 2 O + Na NaOH + 0,5H 2
n
Cu 4: Chn p n B
.v
Nhn nhanh p n m c 2 gi tr. Ta th p n ngay:
om
n = 0,09 RCOOK : 0,09(mol)
m = 6,66 X 12,88 R = 29 B
n KOH = 0,14 KOH : 0,05(mol)
C p ri! Khng cn th TH 2 na bn nh! .c
Cu 5: Chn p n A
ok
TN1: Na thiu nNa=0,075
TN2: Na tha n Ru < 0,1Mru > 6/0,1=60
bo
Cu 6. Chn p n D
CH 3OH

et
HO CH 2 CH 2 OH
Nhn thy: n C = n OH = 2n H2 = 0,2 (mol)
vi
Cu 7. Chn p n A
ng
n phenylaxetat = 0,1(mol)
n H2 O =
0,1(mol)
n NaOH = 0,25(mol)
a

BTKL
13,6 + 0,25.40
= m + 0,1.18 =
A m
kh
Cu 8. Chn p n C
3 3 b
Gli : a 2 a : H 2 2 a + 2 =0,2
a = 0,1(mol)
15,2
X : b b : H b = 1 3
. a b = 0,1(mol)
2
2

2 3 2
15,2 92.0,1
=X = 60
0,1
502
Cu 9: Chn p n C
n CO 2 = n H 2 O =0,015
m= 0,015(44+18)=0,93
Cu 10: Chn p n B
Ch :
1 bi ete hoa C2 H 5 OH nH=2O 0,6.0,6.1 = / 2 0,18(mol)
nH 2=
O n ruou
2 C4 H 5 OH nH=2O =
0, 4.0, 4.1 / 2 0,08(mol)
= m 0,36.46 + 74.0,16 18(0,18 + 0,08)
= 23,72(gam)
Cu 11: Chn p n B
C2 H 5 OH : a 46a += 60b 25,8 = a 0,3(mol)
n
25,8 H= 80%
CH 3 COOH : b = 6a + 4b 2,6 = b 0, 2(mol)
.v
Cu 12: Chn p n C
(n )
om
nH =2,85 ru
+ nH O =5,7
2 2
0,46.0,8V
nru =
0,46V : ru 46 .c
V V = 150
0,54V : n c 0,54 V
nH O =
ok
2
18
Ch : Lng H 2 sinh ra do c ru v nc phn ng sinh ra.Rt nhiu bn hc
sinh qun iu ny.
bo
Cu 13: Chn p n B
n H2 = 0,1 n X = 0,2
et

n Ag = 0,4
TH1: X l CH 3 OH v ru bc 2 hoc bc 3:
vi
CH OH : 0,1
ng
10,6 3 R = 57 C 4 H 9 OH (2 chat)
ROH : 0,1
10,6
TH2: RCH 2 OH R + 14 + 17 =
a
0,2
kh
C H OH : 0,1
X 2 5 R = 60 C 3 H 7 OH
ROH : 0,1
Cu 14: Chn p n C
a
= aM A : H 2
A : 6,8(gam) 2
13,6
B : 6,8(gam) nb
= bM B : H2
2
503
= bM
aM = 4,25M A
A B
a = 4,25b
a 17
= n = 4
nb 16
M B = 4,25M A
Ti y nhn vo p n ch c B or C c 4 nhm OH.Th p n ngay vi C v
B s mol rt l.
D dng suy ra tha mn.Cc bn ch do tnh cht ca thi trc nghim nn khi
lm bi cc bn c gng tn dng ht cc th on nh!
Cu 15: Chn p n D
n
C H OH :103,5 ml C 2 H 5OH :1,8 mol
112,5ml 2 5
.v
H 2 O : 9 ml H 2 O : 0,5 mol
om
1,8 + 0,5
n=
H2 = 1,15(mol) D
2
Cu 16: Chn p n B
cho nX =1
X : C n H 2n + 2 Ox
.c
m X = 14n + 16x + 2
n H2 O = n + 1 m H2O = 18(n + 1)
ok
14n + 16x + 2= 18n + 18
bo
C C C(OH) C(OH)
= x 2 C C(OH) C(OH) C
4n = 16x 16 (3 chat)
= C(OH) C C C(OH)
et
n 4
C C(OH) C C(OH)
vi
C (C)C(OH) C(OH)
ng
C(OH) C(OH) C OH
Cu 17: Chn p n D
a
CH 2 OOCH
n Gli = 0,15 13,8.1,18
kh
MY = = 148 CH OOCH
H = 0,7335 0,15.0,7335
CH 2 OH
Cu 18: Chn p n D
n = 0,375 n CO = 0,375(mol)
2
m
= 37,5 (m CO2 + m H=
2O
) 12 n H2 O = 0,5(mol)
9,1 0,375.12 0,5.2 0,225

BTNT.oxi

= nO =
n OH = 0,225 n H2= = D
16 2
Cu ny cng hay hay y.Nhiu bn s b by v ngh ancol n chc
504
Cu 19: Chn p n A
n = 2 37,6
Ta c: X X m X= 37,6 n Y= = 1
= = 18,8
M X 4.4,7 4.9, 4
n = 1= n ancol n H2 = 0,5 V = 11, 2
Cu 20: Chn p n C
C6 H 5 OH := a a + b 0,05.2
= a 0,03
Ta c: 6,04
C 2 H 5 OH : b 94a +=
46b 6,04 =
b 0,07
C6 H 5 OH : a
6,04 dd Br2
Br3C6 H 2 OH : 0,03 m = 9,93
n
C2 H 5 OH : b
Cu 21: Chn p n A
.v
m 108
Ta c: n H2 = 3,8 n ancol + H2 O = 3,8.2 = + m = 73,6
om
46 18
73,6 92
Vancol = = 92 ancol l = 0,46 460
0,8 92 + 108
.c
Cu 22: Chn p n D
CH 4 O : a(mol)
ok
32a + 46b + 92c =
40
Vi 40 gam hn hp M: C 2 H 6 O : b(mol)
C H O : c(mol) c = 0,2
bo
3 8 3
Vi m gam hn hp M:
( a + b + c ) .k= 0,15 0,1= 0,05 a + 2b + 3c
et
= 2ac= 0
(a + 2b + 3c).k = 0,1 a+b+c
vi
0,2.32
%CH 4 O = =16%
ng
40
Cu 23: Chn p n C
n hon hop = 0,2(mol) 0,35 Y : CH 3OH
a
C= = 1,75
n CO2 = 0,35(mol) 0,2 Z : CH 3CH 2 OH
kh
v axit 2 chc c s C 2
n Otrong X,Y,Z + 0,4.2= 0,35.2 + 0,45 n Otrong X,Y,Z = 0,35(mol)
BTNT.Oxi BTKL
= m X,Y,Z m (= C,H,O ) 0,35.12 + 0,45.2 += 0,35.16 10,7
axit : a mol a + b =0,2 axit : 0,05mol
Khi ta gi s mol
ancol : b mol 4a + b =0,35 ancol : 0,15mol
n CO2 = 0,35
Do
%O trong X < 70%
505
CH 3OH : 0,1(mol)
X : HOOC CH 2 COOH m ancol =5,5
C 2 H 5OH : 0,05(mol)
0,1.32
%C 2 H 5OH = = 29,9%
10,7
Cu 24. Chn p n A

BTKL
= m m(C,H,O); n Otrong=
ancol
n H2 O n CO2
V a a V V
m= .12 + .2 + 16 =a 5,6
22,4 18 18 22,4
Cu 25: Chn p n D
n
H 2 SO 4 (c,d) ht nc nn Z l CO 2 do X c 4 C v V= V= 80
.v
CO2 H2 O

BTNT.OXI
VOtrong X + 110.2
= 80.2 + 80 VOtrong
= X
20 nn X c 1 O
om
Cu 26: Chn p n A
C2 H 5 OH : a(mol) 46a + 94b =
14 a = 0,1(mol)
Ta c: 14
C6 H 5 OH : b(mol) =b n= NaOH 0,1 b = 0,1(mol)
.c
Cu 27: Chn p n C
ok
Ta c: BTKL
2,76 = + 1,38 4,094 + m H2
= n H2 0,023 suy ra Na d.
2,76
n ancol = 0,046 M ancol = = 60
bo
0,046
Cu 28: Chn p n D
Cc bn nh l vi mi nhm - OH hoc COOH th khi tc dng vi Na H 2
et
bay ra l do H trong cc nhm tch ra. Do ,ta c ngay:

n X .n = n H ; n H2 = 0,3 n H = 0,6 n = 3
vi
Cu 29: Chn p n A
ng
Ta c: C 6 H12 O6
len men
2CO2 + 2C 2 H 5OH
46.0,8
a
n=
Ancol = 0,8 n= CO 2 0,8
BTNT.C
n Na=
2 CO3
0,8 =
a 84,8
46
kh
Cu 30: Chn p n D
pV
=n X = 0,07
RT Ta thy c 3 TH c 1 v 2 nhm chc OH
=n 0,055 > 0,035
H2
ancol 1 chuc : =
a a + b 0,07= a 0,03(mol)

ancol 2 chuc : b =0,5a + b 0,055
= b 0,04(mol)
n CO2 ==
n C 0,17 =
0,03.3 + 0,04.2 D
506
Cu 31. Chn p n D
D dng on ra 3 ru l :
CH 3OH HO CH 2 CH 2 OH HO CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH

=M 32 = M 62 = M 92

CH 4 O : a
BTNT.C
a + 2b + 3c= 0,6 a = 0,1(mol)
CO 2 : 0,6
X C 2 H 6 O 2 : b
BTNT.H
4a + 6b
= + 8c 0,9.2= b 0,1(mol)
C H O : c H 2 O : 0,9 1 c = 0,1(mol)
3 8 3
3
(
1
3
)
c = n X = n H2 O n CO2 =0,1
0,1.92
n
= %ancol C = .100 49, 46%
0,1(92 + 62 + 32)
.v
Cu 32: Chn p n C
om
Ch : Vi cht thm (c vng benzen ) th s pi trong vng l 3 v c t nht 1
vng.
Do ( + v) = 4 nn n CO2 n H2 O = 3n X = 0,3 n CO2 = 0,3 + 0,4 = 0,7

BTNT.Oxi
n Otrong X + 0,85.2
.c
= 0,7.2 + 0,4 n Otrong
= X
0,1 Vy X c 1O
Cc cht X tha mn l: CH 3 C 6 H 4 OH c 3 ng phn
ok
Cu 33: Chn p n A
a + =
b 2n H= 0,45
bo
CH 3OH : a
2
m gam X k(a + b) = 0,6

CH= CH CH 2 OH : b
= =
2
kb n Br2 0,4
et
4
k =
vi
3 m= 4,8
= b 0,3
= a 0,15
ng
Ch : Mt hn hp khi chia lm nhiu phn bng nhau th t l cc cht trong

mi phn l khng thay i.
a
Cu 34: Chn p n B
kh
n CO = 0,6 9,45 0,6.12 0,725.2

9,45 = m(C,H,O) 2 = n Otrong X = 0,05
n H2 O = 0,725 16
0, 05.46
: n Otrong X ==
n ancol 0, 05 %C 2 H 5 OH = .100 = 24,34%
9, 45
507
CON NG T DUY S 24
K XO GII TON ANDEHIT
Con ng t duy:
(1).Tnh cht quan trng nht ca andehit l phn ng trng Ag.Gi s c 1 mol
andehit X
X l HCHO: n Ag = 4 Ch HCOOH v HCOONa c phn ng trng Ag.
X l R ( CHO )n n Ag =
2.n
(2).Tc dng vi nc Brom: RCHO + Br2 RCOOH + HBr
c n H2 n X LK
n
(3).Phn ng cng vi H 2 . Ta=
.v
(4).t chy, Oxi ha khng hon ton to axit.
om
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d
AgNO 3 (hoc Ag 2 O) trong dung dch NH 3 , un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn
.c
ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO(sn phm kh duy nht, o
ok
ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16).
A. CH 3 CHO. B. HCHO.
bo
C. CH 3 CH 2 CHO. D. CH 2 = CHCHO.
n andehit = 0,15 ( mol )
Ta c: =
n NO 0,1
BTE

= ne =
0,3 n Ag
n andehit = 0,075 ( mol )
et
6,6
vi
M andehit
= = 44 CH3CHO
0,15
Chn A
ng
6,6
n andehit= = 88 (loa i)
0,075
Cu 2: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO 3 (hoc Ag 2 O) trong
a
dung dch NH 3 ,un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1
kh
mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho

Na = 23, Ag = 108).
A. HCHO. B. CH 3 CHO.
C. OHC-CHO. D. CH 3 CH(OH)CHO.
n Andehit = 0,1(mol)
Ta c: X l HCHO hoc hai chc.
n Ag = 0,4(mol)
n = n= 0,1(mol)
Li c: Andehit Ancol
X l andehit hai chc Chn C
n Na = 0,2(mol)
506
Cu 3: Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit
tng ng. Cng thc ca anehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C 2 H 5 CHO. B. CH 3 CHO.
C. HCHO. D. C 2 H 3 CHO.
Da vo cc p n ta thy andehit l n chc.
2, 2 3
Ta c: RCHO
O2
RCOOH = = R 15
R + 29 R + 45
Chn B
Cu 4: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H 2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung
nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht
n
hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2 O v 7,84 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc).
.v
Phn trm theo th tch ca H 2 trong X l:
A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%.
om
n CO : 0,35(mol) BTNT.(C+ H ) n HCHO : 0,35(mol)
Ta c: 2 X
n H 2O : 0,65(mol) n H 2 : 0,3(mol)

= %H 2
0,3
= .100 46,15%
.c
0,3 + 0,35
ok
Cu 5: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc,
mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai
bo
ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh

O 2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 10,5. B. 8,8. C. 24,8. D. 17,8.

Do X c 1 lin kt nn X =
n CO2 =
Chy
n H2 O a
vi
Do X c 1 lin kt nn X
Chy
=
n CO2 =
n H2O a(mol)
ng
Ta c: n X =
n H2 =
0,5(mol) n Trong
O
X
=
0,5(mol)

BTNT.O
0,5 + 0,8.2
= 2.a + a
=
a
a 0,7(mol)

= m(C, H,= 14a + 0,5.16
= 17,8(gam)
kh
BTKL
m O)
Cu 6: Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5
gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,5. B. 10,9. C. 14,3. D. 10,2.
= 2a + 2b
n Ag
CH 3CHO : a(mol)
Ta c: CH 3COONH 4 : a(mol)
C2 H 5 CHO : b(mol) C H COONH : b(mol)
2 5 4
507
=a + b 0, 2= a 0,05(mol)
=
m 44.0,05 + 58.0,15
= 10,9(gam)
77a +=
91b 17,5 =
b 0,15(mol)
Cu 7: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon).
t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp M, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v
6,48 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 0,1 mol hn hp M tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
AgNO 3 trong NH 3 . S mol AgNO 3 phn ng l:
A. 0,20 B. 0,14 C. 0,12 D. 0,10
H 2 O : 0,36 H = 3,6 CH CH CH 3 : a a = 0,16(mol)
0,2M
CO2 : 0,6 C = 3 CH C CHO : b y = 0,04(mol)
n
0,1M n AgNO
= 0,08 + 0,02.3
= 0,14(mol)
.v
CH C CHO : 0,02
3
Cu 8: hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi
om
lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn
ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag.
Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l: .c
A. CH 2 =C(CH 3 )-CHO v OHC-CHO.
ok
B. OHC-CH 2 -CHO v OHC-CHO.
C. CH 2 =CH-CHO v OHC-CH 2 -CHO.
bo
D. H-CHO v OHC-CH 2 -CHO.

n X = 0,025(mol)
Ta c: S lin kt trong X l 2 Loi D
n H2 = 0,05(mol)
et
n X = 0,025 n Ag
vi
Ta loi c: 2 < < 4 1 cht n 1 cht 2 chc

n Ag = 0,08 nX
ng
Chn C
Cu 9: X l hn hp gm H 2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn
t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4), c t khi so vi hidro l 4,7. un nng 2
a
mol X (xc tc Ni),ti khi cc phn ng hon ton c hn hp Y c t khi hi

kh
so vi hidro l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d),

c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 13,44. B. 5,6. C. 11,2. D. 22,4
Do M Y = 18, 4 Y c H 2 d.
BTKL
Ta c: mX = mY
M Y n X 9,4.2
= = = 1 n Hphan ng =
2 n Y = 1(mol)
M X n Y 4,7.2 2
n Andehit= 1 n ancol= 1
Na
n H2= 0,5 V= 11, 2(lit)
508
Cu 10: Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO 4 trong mi trng axit, un

nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch
AgNO 3 trong NH 3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha
axetilen l:
A. 80%. B. 70%. C. 92%. D. 60%.
Ch : C hai loi kt ta.
Ta c: n CH CH = 0, 2(mol)
CH 3CHO : a(mol) Ag : 2a

AgNO3
44,16
CH CH : ( 0, 2 a ) (mol) CAg CAg : 0, 2 a
n
0,16

BTKL
108.2a + 240(0, 2=
a) 44,16=
a 0,16
= H = 80%
.v
0, 2
Cu 11: Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc
om
dng va vi dung dch cha 0,6 mol AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng, thu c
43,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH 2 = C = CH CHO. B. CH 3 C C CHO.
.c
C. CH CCH 2 CHO. D. CH C [CH 2 ] 2 CHO.
n AgNO3 = 0,6(mol)
ok
Ta c: X c lin kt ba u mch v
n Ag = 0, 4(mol)
bo
13,6
n X = 0, 2 M X = = 68 CH C CH 2 CHO
0, 2
Chn C
et
Cu 12: Hai cht hu c X v Y, thnh phn nguyn t u gm C, H, O, c cng

vi
s nguyn t cacbon (M X < M Y ). Khi t chy hon ton mi cht trong oxi d
u thu c s mol H 2 O bng s mol CO 2 . Cho 0,1 mol hn hp gm X v Y
ng
phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c 28,08
gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l:
a
A. 39,66%. B. 60,34%. C. 21,84%. D. 78,16%.

nX : n HCHO : amol a + b =
kh
0,1
T bi suy ra 0,1 mol
Y : HCOOH : b 4a + 2b = 0, 26
a = 0,03(mol) 0,03.30
%HCHO
= = 21,84%
b = 0,07(mol) 0,03.30 + 0,07.46
Cu 13: Hn hp M gm anehit X v xeton Y u n chc. t chy hon ton
m gam M cn dng va 0,4 mol O 2 , thu c 0,35 mol CO 2 v 0,35 mol H 2 O.
S mol ca Y trong m gam M c th l:
Bo ton nguyn t oxi : n OM + 0, 4.2 = 0,35.2 + 0,35
509
0,35 n HCHO = a(mol)

n OM = 0,25(mol) n = = 1,4
0,25 n Cn H 2 nO = b(mol)
= a + b 0, 25
= n =3 a 0, 2(mol)
Ta c ngay : suy ra C ngays
= a + nb 0,35= b 0,05(mol)
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: Chia m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc, mch h, thnh 2 phn
bng nhau. Cho phn I tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu
c 86,4 gam kt ta. Cho phn II tc dng va vi 1 gam H 2 (c xc tc Ni,
n
un nng) thu c hn hp ancol Y. Ngng t Y, ri cho ton b sn phm vo
.v
bnh cha Na d thy khi lng bnh tng (0,5m + 0,7) gam. Hai anehit l:
A. HCHO v C 2 H 5 CHO. B. HCHO v CH 3 CHO.
om
C. CH 2 = CHCHO v HCHO. D. CH 2 = CHCHO v CH 3 CHO.
Cu 2: Cho 150 gam dung dch anehit X c nng a% tc dng vi lng d
dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 (un nng nh). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
.c
c 432 gam bc v dung dch Y. Thm lng d dung dch HCl vo dung dch Y
thy c kh thot ra. Gi tr ca a l:
ok
A. 20. B. 30. C. 10. D. 40.
Cu 3: X l hn hp hai anehit n chc mch h. 0,04 mol X c khi lng
bo
1,98 gam tham gia phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu c 10,8 gam
Ag. m gam X kt hp va vi 0,35 gam H 2 . Gi tr ca m l:
et

Cu 4: Hn hp X gm meanal v etanal . Cho 10,4 gam hn hp X tc dng vi
vi
lng d AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c 108 gam kt ta. Hi 10,4 gam hn hp X phn
ng c ti a vi bao nhiu lt H 2 ktc (xc tc Ni,to).
ng
A. 8,96 lt B. 11,2 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 6,72 lt

Cu 5: Cht hu c X mch h c thnh phn nguyn t (C,H,O). T khi hi ca
a
X so vi H 2 bng 49. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c

l Y v Z . Cht tc dng vi NaOH (CaO,to)thu c hirocacbon E . Cho E tc
kh
dng vi O 2 (to,xt) thu c cht Z. T khi hi ca X so vi Z c gi tr l:

A.1,633 B.1,690 C. 2,130 D. 2,227.
Cu 6: Hiro hoa 3 gam hn hp X gm 2 anehit no, n chc k tip nhau trong
day ng ng c 3,16 gam hn hp Y gm 2 ancol va 2 anehit d. Hai anehit
o la:
A. C 2 H 5 CHO va C 3 H 7 CHO. B. HCHO va CH 3 CHO.
C. CH 3 CHO va C 2 H 5 CHO D. C 3 H 7 CHO va C 4 H 9 CHO.
Cu 7: Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y,
c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu
510
c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H 2 O. Y c tnh cht no trong cc tnh

cht sau y ?
A. t chy Y to ra s mol CO 2 b hn s mol nc.
B. T Y c th iu ch c anehit axetic.
C. Y c th tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 to kt ta vng nht.
D. Y c mt ng phn cu to, mch vng.
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc Y, Z. Khi cho 1,42 gam hn hp X
vo dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Hiro ha hon ton 1,42
gam hn hp X thnh hn hp ancol X. Cho ton b hn hp X vo bnh ng
Na d thu c 0,336 lt H 2 (ktc). Cng thc ca Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH 3 CHO v CH 2 =CH-CHO. B. HCHO v CH 3 -CH 2 -CHO.
n
C. CH 2 =CH-CHO v CH 3 CHO. D. HCHO v CH 2 =CH-CHO.
.v
Cu 9: Chia 0,16 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc A v hai chc B (
M A < M B ) thnh hai phn bng nhau. Hiro ha phn 1 cn va ng 3,584 lt H 2 (
om
ktc). Cho phn 2 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 / NH 3 thu c
25,92 g Ag v 8,52 g hn hp hai mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton. Thnh phn % khi lng ca A trong hn hp X l:
A. 49,12% B. 50,88%
.c
C. 34,09% D. 65,91%
Cu 10: un nng hn hp X gm 0,1 mol axeton; 0,08 mol propenal; 0,06 mol
ok
isopren v 0,32 mol hiro c Ni lm xc tc thu hn hp kh v hi Y. T khi ca
Y so vi khng kh l 375/203. Hiu sut hiro tham gia phn ng cng l:
bo
A. 93,75% B. 87,5% C. 80% D. 75,6%

Cu 11. em oxi hoa hoan toan 7,86 gam hn hp 2 anehit n chc k tip nhau
trong dy ng ng bng oxi thu c hn hp 2 axit cacboxylic. trung ha
et
lng axit o c n dung 150ml dung dich NaOH 1M. Cng thc c u to ca hai
anehit la?
vi
A. CH 3 CH 2 CHO v CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHO.
B. CH 3 CHO v CH 3 CH 2 CHO.
ng
C. CH 2 = CHCHO v CH 3 CH = CHCHO.
D. HCHO v CH 3 CHO .
a
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm mt anehit n chc,mch h v mt ankin(phn t

ankin c cng s nguyn t H nhng t hn mt nguyn t C so vi phn t
kh
anehit). t chy hon ton 1 mol hn hp X thu c 2,4 mol CO 2 v mt mol

nc. Nu cho mt mol hn hp ny tc dng vi dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 th khi lng
kt ta thu c l:
A. 308g B. 301,2g C. 230,4g D. 144g
Cu 13. Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no, n chc phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu
c 6,2 gam hn hp X gm andehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b lng hn
hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng
thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,6 B. 16,2 C. 43,2 D. 10,8
511
Cu 14.Khi ho hi hon ton 3 gam mt anehit X mch h thu c th tch

ng bng th tch ca 1,655 gam kh oxi ( cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Cho
0,02 mol X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 / NH 3 thu c m gam Ag.
Gi tr ln nht ca m l :
A. 3,24 B. 4,32 C. 8,64 D. 6,48
Cu 15. Chia m (g) mt anehit X thnh hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1: t chy
hon ton thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 g H 2 O . Phn 2: cho tc dng vi
AgNO3 / NH 3 d thu c Ag kim loi vi t l mol n X : n Ag = 1: 4. Anehit X l:
A. Khng xc nh c B. Anehit no 2 chc
C. Anehit fomic D. Anehit no n chc
n
Cu 16. t chy hon ton a mol anehit no, mch h A thu c b mol CO2 v
.v
c mol H 2 O .
om
Bit b c = a v thnh phn phn trm khi lng cacbon trong A l 50%. Cho
m gam A tc dng vi mt lng d dd AgNO 3 / NH 3 n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 17,28 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,88. B. 3,52.
.c
C. 2,32. D. 1,2.
ok
t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp M, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v
6,48 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 0,1 mol hn hp M tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch
AgNO 3 trong NH 3 . S mol AgNO 3 phn ng l:
bo
A. 0,20 B. 0,14 C. 0,12 D. 0,10

Cu 18: Hn hp X gm mt anehit, mt axit cacboxylic v mt este (trong
et
axit v este l ng phn ca nhau). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X cn 0,625 mol
O 2 , thu c 0,525 mol CO 2 v 0,525 mol nc. Nu em ton b lng anehit
vi
trong X cho phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3
th khi lng Ag to ra l:
ng
A. 21,6 gam. B. 54 gam. C. 32,4 gam D. 16,2 gam.

Cu 19. Hn hp X gm hai anehit. t chy hon ton 0,25 mol X thu c 0,3
a
mol CO 2 . Mt khc, nu cho 0,25 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3
kh
d, thu c 0,9 mol Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai anehit trong X l:
A. CH 3 CHO v OHC-CHO. B. HCHO v HOC-CHO.
C. HCHO v CH 3 -CHO. D. HCHO v CH 3 -CH 2 -CHO.
Cu 20. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit no, n chc, mch h Y, Z (MY < MZ). Chia
X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
+ Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d thu c 64,8 gam Ag.
+ Phn 2 oxi ha hon ton thnh hn hp axit R. Trung ha R cn 200 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch M. C cn M, t chy hon ton cht
rn sinh ra thu c 8,96 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca Z l:
A. C 2 H 5 CHO. B. C 3 H 7 CHO. C. C 4 H 9 CHO. D. CH 3 CHO.
512
Cu 21: Cho 13,8 gam hn hp gm but-1-in v anehit fomic vo lng d dung

dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 thy c 0,6 mol AgNO 3 phn ng. Thnh phn % theo khi
lng ca anehit fomic c trong hn hp l:
A. 65,22%. B. 32,60%. C. 26,40%. D. 21,74%.
Cu 22: Hn hp M gm anehit X v xeton Y u n chc. t chy hon ton
m gam M cn dng va 0,4 mol O 2 , thu c 0,35 mol CO 2 v 0,35 mol H 2 O.
S mol ca Y trong m gam M c th l:
Cu 23: t chy ht m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc, mch h (c
mt lin kt i C = C trong phn t) thu c V lt kh CO 2 ktc v a gam
n
H 2 O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A. m = 1,25V-7a/9. B. m = 1,2V-9a/7.
.v
C. m = 1,25V+7a/9. D. m= 0,8V-7a/9.
om
Cu 24: Cho 0,03 mol hn hp X (c khi lng 1,38 gam) gm hai anehit n
chc trng bc hon ton th thu c 8,64 gam bc. Mt khc m gam X phn ng
ti a vi 4,704 lt H 2 ( ktc) khi c Ni xc tc, un nng. Gi tr ca m l:
.c
A. 9,660. B. 4,830. C. 5,796. D. 4,140
Cu 25: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm anehit malonic, axetanehit,
ok
etanial v anehit acrylic cn 0,975 mol O 2 v thu c 0,9 mol CO 2 v 0,65 mol
H 2 O. Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong
bo
NH 3 th thu c ti a bao nhiu gam Ag?

Cu 26: Hn hp M gm C 2 H 2 v hai anehit X 1 , X 2 ng ng k tip
et
( M X1 < M X2 ). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng va 0,3 mol O 2 , thu

vi
c 0,25 mol CO 2 v 0,225 mol H 2 O. Cng thc ca X 1 l:

A. CH 3 CHO. B. OHC CHO.
ng
C. HCHO. D. CH 2 = CH CHO.
Cu 27: Oxi ha 0,3 mol C 2 H 4 bng O 2 (xc tc PdCl 2 , CuCl 2 ) thu c hn hp
a
kh X gm C 2 H 4 v CH 3 CHO. Cho ton b lng X trn tc dng vi lng d

kh
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, kt thc phn ng thu c 0,3 mol Ag.
Phn trm th tch ca C 2 H 4 trong X l:
A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 80%. D. 25%.
Cu 28: Hn hp M gm xeton no, n chc, mch h X v anehit no, a chc Y
(c mch cacbon h, khng phn nhnh). Cho m gam M tc dng vi lng d
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, kt thc phn ng thu c 0,8 mol Ag.
t chy hon ton m gam M trn, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh
ng dung dch NaOH, thy khi lng ca bnh tng 30,5 gam. Khi lng ca Y
c trong m gam hn hp M l:
513
Cu 29: Cho hn hp (HCHO v H 2 d) i qua ng ng bt Ni un nng thu

c hn hp X. Dn ton b sn phm thu c vo bnh nc lnh thy khi
lng bnh tng 5,9 gam. Ly ton b dung dch trong bnh cho tc dng vi dung
dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Khi lng ancol c trong X l gi tr
no di y?
Cu 30: Hn hp X gm 0,1 mol anehit metacrylic v 0,3 mol kh hiro. Nung
nng hn hp X mt thi gian, c mt cht xc tc Ni thu c hn hp hi Y c t
khi hi so vi He bng 95/12. Dn ton b hn hp Y qua dung dch brom d th
thy ht a mol Br 2 . Gi tr ca a l:
n
A. 0,04. B. 0,02. C. 0,20. D. 0,08.
.v
P N CHI TIT
om
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: Chn p n C
n pu
H = 0,5(mol)
.c
2
n= n= 0,8(mol)
ok
Ag

m H2= 0,5m + 1 0,5m 0, 7= 0,3 n ancol= 0,3(mol)
bo
n andehit
no
= 0,1(mol)
k.no
n andehit = 0, 2(mol)
et
Cu 2: Chn p n A
vi
V cho HCl vo Y c kh thot ra (CO 2 ) do X l HCHO

4.Ag + ( NH 4 )2 CO3
ng
HCHO
AgNO3 / NH3
30
do n Ag = 4 n HCHO = 1 a = .100 = 20%
a
150
Cu 3: Chn p n B
kh
n X = 0,04(mol) HCHO : 0,01(mol)

1,98
= 0,1 c HCHO
n Ag RCHO : 0,03(mol)
R = 27 CH 2 = CH CHO
HCHO : a(mol)
m
=
CH 2 CH CHO : 3a(mol)
HCHO : 0,025(mol)
a + 3a.2
= 0,175 =
m 4,95
=
CH 2 CH CHO : 0,075(mol)
514
Cu 4: Chn p n D
CH 3CHO : a 44a += 30b 10, 4 =
a 0,1(mol)
n H2 =
0,3(mol)
HCHO : b =2a + 4b 1 = b 0,2(mol)
Cu 5: Chn p n D
MX = 98 CH 2 =CH COOCH =CH 2 Z : CH 3CHO
MX
= D
44
Cu 6: Chn p n B
V andehit d nn
n
0,16 3 3
n X > n Hpu2 = = 0,08 RCHO = < = 37,5 B Chn B
.v
2 n X 0,08
Cu 7: Chn p n B
om
n CO2 = 0, 4(mol) CH 3CHO
M
n H 2O 0,= 4(mol) CH 2 CH 2 .c
Cu 8: Chn p n D
n H2= 0,015 n X= 0,03(mol) HCHO : a(mol)
ok

=
n Ag 0,08 > 2.0,03 RCHO : b(mol)
bo
=a + b 0,03= a 0,01(mol)

4a=+ 2b 0,08=b 0,02(mol)
et
HCHO : 0,3 (gam)

vi
1,42 1,42 0,3

R
= + 29
0,02
= R 27

ng
Cu 9: Chn p n A
n X = 0,08(mol) n X = 0,08
a
Ch : do X khng c HCHO. X c andehit

n Ag = 0,24(mol) n H2 = 0,16
kh
khng no.
A : a
C ngay: 0,08 X n Ag = 0,24(mol)
B : b
=a + b 0,08= a 0,04(mol)
n H2 =
0,16(mol)
2a=+ 4b 0,24=b 0,04(mol)
R COONH 4 : 0,04
8,52 1 R1 + R 2 =
27
R 2 (COONH 4 )2 : 0,04
515
=
A : CH CH CHO : 0,08(mol)
X 2
A
B : HOC CHO : 0,08(mol)
Cu 10: Chn p n B
n C H O = 0,08(mol)
3 4
n C H = 0,06(mol) H =100%
n = 0,56(mol)
X 5 8 n=
phan ng
H2
0,38 > 0,32 X
n C3H6O = 0,1(mol) m=
X
15
= mY
n = 0,32(mol)
H2
0,28
= n Y 0,28 = n =n Hpu2 0,56 0,28= 0,28 = H = 87,5%
.100
n
0,32
.v
Cu 11. Chn p n B
n Axit = n Anehit = 0,15 (mol)
om
7,86
=M = 52, 4
0,15
Cu 12: Chn p n A
.c
2,4
=C = 2,4 n CH CH = 0,6(mol)
ok
1
H = 2 n CH C CHO = 0,4(mol)

bo
CAg CAg : 0,6(mol)

m=
308(gam) Ag : 0,8(mol)
et
CAg C COONH : 0,4(mol)

4
vi
Cu 13. Chn p n C
ancol : du
ng

6,2 4,6 4,6
n O = 16 =0,1 Mancol <
0,1
=46

a
CH 3OH n HCHO =n O =0,1(mol) n Ag =0,4(mol)

kh
Cu 14. Chn p n C
Ta c : n X = n O M X = 3
= 58.
2
1,655
32
m ln nht X l (CHO) 2 : m = 0,02.4.108 = 8.64 gam Chn C
516
Cu 15. Chn p n C
CO2 : 0,15(mol)
1 LK
H 2 O : 0,15(mol)
n X : n=
Ag 1: 4 HCHO
Cu 16. Chn p n A
b c = a 2
n = 3
12n 1 10n= 16x 2
C n H 2n 2 Ox 14n 2 + 16x = x = 2
2
HOC CH 2 CHO
n
A
= n Ag 0,16(mol)
= n A 0,04(mol)
.v
Cu 17: Chn p n B
om
H 2 O : 0,36 H = 3,6 CH CH CH 3 : a a = 0,16
0,2M
CO2 : 0,6 C = 3 CH C CHO : b y = 0,04
0,1M
.c
n AgNO
= 0,08 + 0,02.3
= 0,14(mol)
CH C CHO : 0,02
3
ok
Cu 18: Chn p n D
CO2 : 0,525(mol)

bo
=
BTKL
m X 0,525.44 + 0,525.18 = 0,625.32 12,55
H
2 O : 0,525(mol) BTNT.oxi
O : 0,625(mol) = n Otrong X 0,525.3 0,625.2
= 0,325
2
et
nCO2 = nH 2 O C H O : a = a + b 0,2= a 0,075

n 2n
vi
C m H 2m O2 : b =
a + 2b 0,325= b 0,125
0,075.CH 3CHO + 0,125.C 3 H 6 O2 = 12,55 n Ag = 0,075.2= 0,15(mol)
ng
Cu 19. Chn p n C
Cu ny qu n gin ch cn nhn qua p n v ch
a
= = 1,2 co HCHO
C 0,3 / 0,25
kh
Cu 20. Chn p n B
n Ag = 0,6(mol) HCHO = 0,1(mol) chay n Na2CO3 = 0,1(mol)

n axit n=
= andehit
0,2(mol) RCHO = 0,1(mol) n = 0,4(mol)
CO2
nC =0,5 B
517
Cu 21: Chn p n D
C H : a (mol ) 54a +=30b 13,8 =
a 0, 2(mol )
13,8 4 6
HCHO : b(mol ) = a + 4b 0,6 = b 0,1(mol )
30.0,1
% HCHO = =D
13,8
Cu 22: Chn p n C
Bo ton nguyn t oxi ngay
0,35 HCHO : a
nOM + 0, 4.2 = 0,35.2 + 0,35 nOM = 0, 25 n = = 1, 4
0, 25 Cn H 2 nO : b
n
= a + b 0, 25
= n =3 a 0, 2(mol )

.v
Ta c ngay : suy ra C ngay
= a + nb 0,35= b 0,05(mol )
om
Cu 23: Chn p n A
i th p n ngay :
m = 56
7.36.c
X : C H CHO V= 67,2 56= 1,25.67,2 A
2 3 9
a = 36

ok
Cu 24: Chn p n D
n X = 0,03(mol)
bo
1,38 HCHO : a(mol)

m X =1,38(mol) MX = =46
= 0,03 RCHO : b(mol)
n 0,08 > 0,03.2
et
Ag
=a + b 0,03
= a 0,01(mol)
vi

=
4a + 2b 0,08= b 0,02(mol)
ng
1,38 0,01.30
R + 29 = R = 25 CH C CHO
0,02
a
HCHO : x
m n H2 = 0,21 = x + 2.3x = 4x x = 0,03(mol)
kh
CH C CHO : 2x
m= 4,14(gam)
Cu 25: Chn p n B
HOC CH 2 CHO

CH CHO
X 3
HOC CHO
CH
= 2 CH CHO

BTNT.oxi
= =
n X n Otrong X
n CHO n Otrong X + 0,975.2
= 0,9.2 + 0,65
518
n Otrong X = n CHO = 0,5 n Ag =1 (mol)

Cu 26: Chn p n C
Trng hp 1: Andehit c 2 nguyn t O (phng n B)
Trng hp ny cc cht trong M u c 2 lin kt do ta c ngay:
n M = n CO2 n H 2O = 0,25 0,225 = 0,025(mol)
0,25 V l
= C = 10
0,025
Trng hp 2: Andehit c 1 nguyn t O
C H : a
M 2 2
BTNT.Oxi
b=
+ 0,6 0,25.2 + 0,225=
b 0,125(mol)
n
andehit : b
.v

BTNT.C
n=
CO2 2a + n.0,125
= 0,25 n < 2
Cu 27: Chn p n A
om
n CH3CHO = a(mol)
0,3 mol C 2 H 4 0,3
n C=
2 H4
( 0,3 a ) (mol)
.c
0,15
n Ag = 0,3 a= 0,15(mol) %C 2 H 4 = = 50%
0,3
ok
Cu 28: Chn p n A
V Y khng phn nhnh nn Y l andehit no 2 chc.
bo
V n Ag= 0,8(mol) n andehit= 0,2(mol)

C H O : 0,2 BTNT CO2 : 0,2n + am
et
M n 2n 2 2
C m H 2m O : a H 2 O : 0,2(n 1) + ma
vi
30,5= m CO2 + m H2 O = 44(0,2n + am) + 18(0,2n + am 0,2)

0,2n + am= 0,55 n < 3 =n 2
ng
Vy andehit l HOC CHO : m andehit = 0,2.58 =11,6(gam)

Cu 29: Chn p n B
a
HCHO : 0,025
mCH 3OH =
kh
5,9 5,15( mol )

CH 3OH
Cu 30: Chn p n A
H 2 : 0,3(mol )
n X = 0, 4
= CH 2 C (CH 3 ) CHO : 0,1(mol )
m = 7,6 M n 19
X X = Y = nY = 0,24( mol )
M X = 19 M Y n X 95
3
n=
n=
pu
H2 0,16 =
a 0, 2 0,16
= 0, 04(mol )
519
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
Cu 1: Oxi ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch
h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 8) gam hn hp Y gm hai
axit. em t chy ht hn hp Y cn va 29,12 lt O 2 ( ktc). Gi tr m l:
A. 22,4. B. 24,8. C. 18,4 . D. 26,2.
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm axetylen v etanal . Cho 0,7 gam X tc dng ht vi dd
AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c 4,56 gam gam cht rn. Phn trm v s mol etanal trong
hn hp l:
A. 30% B. 40% C. 50% D. 60%
Cu 3: t chy hon ton 0,175 gam cht A cha cc nguyn t C,H,O thu c
n
0,224 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 0,135 gam nc. T khi hi ca A so vi H 2 bng 35. Cho
0,35 gam cht A tc dng vi H 2 d c Ni xc tc thu c 0,296 gam ru
.v
isobutylic. CTCT ca A v hiu sut phn ng to thnh ru:
om
A.CH 3 CH = CHCHO;80% B.CH 2 = C(CH 3 ) - CHO;60%
C.CH 2 = C(CH 3 ) - CHO;75% D.CH 2 = C(CH 3 ) - CHO;80%
Cu 4: Oxi ha m gam hn hp X gm CH 3 CHO;C 2 H 5 CHO;C 2 H 3 CHO bng oxi
.c
c xc tc thu c (m+3,2)gam hn hp Y gm 3 axit tng ng. Nu cho m gam
X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 d trong NH 3 th thu c a gam Ag. Gi tri ca
ok
a l:
A.10,8 gam B. 21,8 gam C. 32,4 gam D. 43,2 gam
bo
Cu 5. X l hn hp gm 2 kh andehit ng ng lin tip. Cho 0,1 mol X tc

dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 / NH3 c 25,92 gam bc. % s mol
andehit c s cacbon nh hn trong X l:
et
A. 40% B. 20% C. 60% D. 75%

vi
Cu 6: Hn hp A gm 2 andehit X, Y u mch h, n chc (u c khng qu

4 nguyn t C trong phn t). t chy hon ton 0,3 mol A thu c 0,5 mol CO 2
ng
v 0,3 mol H 2 O . Nu ly 0,3 mol A cho tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th xut hin
m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l?
a

kh
Cu 7: Cho mg hn hp A gm HCHO v CH 3 CHO tc dng vi dung dch

AgNO 3 trong NH 3 thu c 108g Ag. Mt khc 3.24g hn hp A tc dng va
vi 1,792lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A.16,2g B.11,8g C. 13.4g D.10.4g
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm 2 anehit no c s mol bng nhau, t khi hi ca X so vi
kh H 2 l 22. Cho m gam X (m < 10) phn ng hon ton vi dd AgNO 3 trong
NH 3 d thu c 86,4 gam kt ta Hn hp X gm:
A. anehit fomic v anehit propionic B. anehit fomic v anehit axetic
C. anehit fomic v anehit oxalic D. anehit axetic v anehit oxatic
520
Cu 9: 17,7 gam hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc phn ng hon ton vi dung

dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 (dng d) c 1,95 mol Ag v dung dch Y. Ton b Y
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,45 mol CO 2 . Cc cht trong hn hp X l:
A. C 2 H 3 CHO v HCHO. B. C 2 H 5 CHO v HCHO.
C. C 2 H 5 CHO v CH 3 CHO. D. CH 3 CHO v HCHO.
Cu 10: Cho 1,45 gam anehit X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng, thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH 3 - CHO. B. HCHO.
C. CH 2 = CH - CHO. D. OHC - CHO.
Cu 11: Chia hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h thnh hai phn
n
bng nhau:
- Phn 1: em t chy hon ton thu c 5,4 gam H 2 O.
.v
- Phn 2: Cho tc dng ht vi H 2 d (Ni, to) thu c hn hp Y. t chy
om
hon ton hn hp Y, thu c V lt CO 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 3,36 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 1,12 lt D. 6,72 lt
.c
t chy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO 2 v 1,8x mol H 2 O.
Phn trm khi lng ca anehit trong hn hp l:
ok
A. 20 B. 25,234 C. 30,32 D. 40
Cu 13: Hn hp A gm hai anehit l ng ng k tip. Kh hon ton A cn x
bo
mol H 2 , c hn hp B . Cho B phn ng vi Na d thu c x/2 mol H 2 . Mt

khc cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 / NH 3 thu c
378 x gam Ag. % khi lng ca anehit c khi lng phn t nh hn trong hn
et
hp l:
A. 67,164 B. 48,64 C. 54,124 D. 75
vi
Cu 14: Khi lng Ag thu c khi cho 4,4 gam axetanehit trng bc hon ton
ng
l:
A. 10,80g B. 32,40g C. 31,68g D. 21,60g
Cu 15: Oxi ha 4,8 gam mt anehit n chc bng oxi c xc tc Mn2+, thu
a
c 6,56 gam hn hp X gm anehit d, nc v axit. Cho ton b X tc dng

kh
vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 10,80. B. 45,36. C. 21,60. D. 30,24.
Cu 16: Cho 8,4 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d
AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH 3 , un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi
axit HNO 3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm khduy nht, o ktc). Cng
thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. CH C - CHO B. HCHO
C. CH 3 CHO D. CH 2 = CHCHO
521
Cu 17: Geranial (3,7-dimetyl oct-2,6-ien-1-al) c trong tinh du s c tc dng

st trng, gim mt mi, chng cng thng. S gam brom trong CCl 4 phn ng
cng vi 22,8g geranial l :
A. 72 B. 48 C. 96 D. 24
Cu 18: Mt hn hp gm hai anehit X v Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
ca anehit no, n chc, mch h. Cho 1,02 gam hn hp trn phn ng vi dung
dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d, un nng thu c 4,32 gam Ag (hiu sut phn ng 100%).
Cng thc cu to ca X v Y ln lt l:
A. CH 3 CHO, C 2 H 5 CHO. B. HCHO, CH 3 CHO.
C. C 3 H 7 CHO, C 4 H 9 CHO. D. C 2 H 5 CHO, C 3 H 7 CHO.
n
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm anehit Y v ankin Z (Z nhiu hn Y 1 nguyn t
cacbon). Bit 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) c khi lng l 5,36 gam. Nu 0,1 mol
.v
hn hp X th tc dng va vi V lt dung dch AgNO 3 1M trong NH 3 d. Gi
om
tr ca V l:
A. 0,24. B. 0,32. C. 0,36. D. 0,48.
Cu 20. Cho 8,04 gam hn hp hi gm CH 3 CHO v C 2 H 2 tc dng hon ton vi
.c
dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c 55,2 gam kt ta. Cho kt ta ny vo dung dch
HCl d, sau khi kt thc phn ng cn li m gam cht khng tan. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 21,6 B. 55,2 C. 61,78 D. 41,69
Cu 21. Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3
bo
trong NH3 , thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l:
A. HCHO B. OHC CHO
C. C 2 H 5 CHO D. CH 2 = CH CHO
et
Cu 22: Cho 2,8 gam andehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d
Ag 2 O (hoc AgNO 3 ) trong dung dch NH 3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ha
vi
tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO 3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO 2 (sn
ng
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l:

A. C 2 H 5 CHO B. HCHO
C. C 2 H 3 CHO D. CH 3 CHO
a
Cu 23: Chia m gam HCHO thnh hai phn bng nhau:

kh
- Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d, thu c 8,64 gam
Ag kt ta.
- Phn 2 oxi ha bng O 2 xc tc Mn2+ hiu sut phn ng l h%, thu c hn
hp X. cho X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d, thu c 6,48 gam Ag.
Hiu sut ca phn ng (h%) c gi tr l:
A. 80% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25%
Cu 24: Cho 1,97 gam fomalin khng c tp cht tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 th
c 10,8 gam Ag. Nng % ca dd fomalin l:
A. 40%. B. 49%. C. 10%. D. 38,071%.
522
Cu 25: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm 2 Anehit no n chc mch

h thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 . Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton cng lng hn hp X
trn cn 0,2 mol H 2 v thu c hn hp 2 ancol. t chy hon ton hn hp 2
ancol trn th thu c s mol H 2 O l:
A. 0,6 B. 0,8 C. 0,4 D. 0,2
Cu 26: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip
nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 ,
un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l:
A. HCHO v C 2 H 5 CHO. B. CH 3 CHO v C 2 H 5 CHO.
C. C 2 H 3 CHO v C 3 H 5 CHO. D. HCHO v CH 3 CHO.
Cu 27: Cho 2,2 gam anehit n chc Y tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO 3 /NH 3
n
thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Xc nh CTCT ca Y ?
.v
A. HCHO B. CH 3 CHO C. C 2 H 3 CHO D. C 2 H 5 CHO
Cu 28: Chia m gam hn hp G gm: 0,01 mol fomanehit; 0,02 mol anehit
om
oxalic; 0,04 mol axit acrylic; 0,02 mol Vinyl fomat thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
Phn 1: Cho vo AgNO 3 /NH 3 (d, un nng) thu c a gam Ag.
Phn 2: Lm mt mu va b lt nc Br 2 0,5M.
.c
Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton, gi tr ca a, b ln lt l:
ok
A. 10,8 v 0,16 B. 10,8 v 0,14 C. 8,64 v 0,14 D. 8,64 v 0,16
Cu 29: Mt hn hp X gm axetilen, anehit fomic, axit fomic v H 2 . Ly a mol
hn hp X cho qua Ni, t nng thu c hn hp Y gm cc cht hu c v H 2 .
bo
t chy hon ton hn hp Y ri hp th ht sn phm chy bng nc vi trong

d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 15 gam kt ta v khi lng
dung dch nc vi gim 3,9 gam. Gi tr ca a l:
et
A. 0,10. B. 0,50. C. 0,25. D. 0,15.

vi
Cu 30: Hirat ha 2,6 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit,

un nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch
ng
AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 22,56 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha
axetilen l:
a
A. 80%. B. 92%. C. 70%. D. 60%.

Cu 31. Cho 0,2 mol hn hp 2 andehit no, n chc mch h l ng ng lin
kh
tip tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, sau phn ng
thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca 2 andehit trong hn hp l:
A. 20,27; 79,73 . B. 40,54; 59,46 .
C. 50; 50 . D. 60,81; 39,19 .
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh

hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho
523
ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO2 (ktc). Tn
ca Z l:
A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit butiric. D. anehit propionic.
Cu 33: Cho 5,8 gam mt anehit n chc X tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l:
A. anehit fomic. B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit butiric. D. anehit propionic.
Cu 34: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit cn dng va
0,375 mol O 2 , thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,3 mol H 2 O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng
n
ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 th khi lng Ag thu c l:
.v
om
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
Cu 1: Chn p n B
.c
8
n= n= n= = 0,5(mol)
ok
X Y O
16
3n 2
C n H 2n O 2 + O 2 nCO 2 + nH 2O n =2, 4(mol)
bo
2
0,5 1,3
et
=
m 0,5C= 2,4 H 4,8O 24,8(gam)
vi
Cu 2: Chn p n C
ng
Ch : Cht rn l Ag v CAgCAg
CH CH : a(mol) CAg CAg : a(mol)
0,7 4,56
CH 3CHO : b(mol) Ag : 2b(mol)
a
26a + 44b =
kh
0,7
a = b = 0,01(mol)
240a + 108.2b = 4,56
Cu 3: Chn p n D
CO 2 : 0,01
n A = 0,01 0,0075 = 0,0025(mol)
H 2O : 0,0075

M A = 70
0,004
0,35 n= A 0,005(mol) = H = 80%
0,005

n ruou = 0,004(mol)
524
Cu 4: Chn p n D
n O = n CHO = 0,2 n Ag = 0, 4 m Ag = 0, 4.108 = 43,2(gam)
Cu 5. Chn p n B
n X = 0,1( mol ) nHCHO = 0,02( mol )

n Ag = 0, 24( mol ) nCH 3CHO = 0,08( mol )
Cu 6: Chn p n B
n = 0,3(mol)
A C = 1,67 HCHO : a
n CO2 =0,5(mol)
H = 2 CH C CHO : b
n
n
H2 O = 0,3(mol)
.v
=a + b 0,3= a 0,2(mol)

a= + 3b 0,5 =
om
b 0,1(mol)
Ag : 0,2.4 + 0,1.2 =
1
m= 127,4
CAg C COONH 4 : 0,1 .c
Cu 7: Chn p n A
ok
4a + 2b = n Ag = 1
HCHO : a(mol) 4a + 2b =1
m ka.30 + kb.44 =3,24
CH 3CHO : b(mol) ka + kb = 10,5a + 3,5b =
0
bo
0,08
a = 0,1(mol)
m=
16,2(gam)
et
b = 0,3(mol)
Cu 8: Chn p n C
vi
HCHO : a
ng
=
M X 44 m
BTE
4a +=
2a =
n Ag 0,8
= a 0,1333 loi
R CHO : a
HCHO : a
a
M= X 44 m
BTE
4a +=
4a =
n Ag 0,8
= a 0,1 tha mn
HOC CHO : a
kh
Cu 9: Chn p n A
= n=
HCl + Y c CO 2 nn X phi c HCHO BTNT c ngay n HCHO CO2 0, 45
C ngay :
n HCHO = 13,5(mol)
=
n HCHO 0,45(mol) 17,7
n RCHO = 4,2(mol)
n =
Ag 1,95 =0,45.4 + 2n RCHO n RCHO =0,075(mol)
4,2
R + 29 = = 56 R = 27
0,075
525
Cu 10: Chn p n D
Nhn nhanh qua p (th p n ngay ):
n X = 0,05(mol)
=n Ag 0,1(mol)
= n X 0,025(mol) =M X 58
Cu 11: Chn p n D
Do X l andehit no n chc nn lun c s mol CO 2 v H 2 O l nh nhau
C ngay: D
Cu 12: Chn p n B
CO : 3
Cho x = 1 ta c ngay : 1 mol X
Chay
2 H= 3,6
n
H 2 O :1,8
.v
CH C CH 3 : a(mol) =a + b 1 = a 0,8(mol)
Do M l :
CH C CHO : b(mol) 4a = + 2b 3,6 =
b 0, 2(mol)
om
%CH C CHO = 25, 234%
Cu 13: Chn p n A .c
D dng suy ra A l hn hp 2 andehit no n chc mch h. Cho x = 1 ta c:
n A = 1(mol) n HCHO = a(mol) 4a =
+ 2b 3,5 =
a 0,75(mol)
ok

n Ag = 3,5(mol) n CH 3CHO = b(mol) =a + b 1 = b 0,25(mol)
bo
30.0,75
=
%HCHO = 67,164%
30.0,75 + 0, 25.44
Cu 14: Chn p n D
et
Ta c: n CH3=
CHO 0,1(mol) =
n Ag 0, 2(mol) m
= Ag 21,6(gam)
vi
Cu 15: Chn p n B
6,56 4,8
ng
Ta c ngay:
BTKL

= nO = 0,11 n andehit > 0,11 M andehit < 43,6
16
HCHO : 0,05(mol)
a
X: n Ag= 0,05.4 + 0,11.2= 0, 42(mol)

HCOOH : 0,11(mol)
kh
m Ag =
45,36(gam)
Cu 16: Chn p n D
Ta c :
BTE
n X = 0,15 M X = 56 CH 2 = CH CHO
n Ag 0,1.3
= = 0,3
n X = 0,075 loa i
526
Cu 17: Chn p n B
Ch : Trong CCl 4 brom khng tc dng vi nhm CHO.
CTCT ca Geranial l:
CH 3 C ( CH 3 ) =CH CH 2 CH 2 C ( CH 3 ) =CH CHO
22,8 BTLK.
=
n Ger = 0,15 = = 0,3
n Br2 0,15.2 = = 48 (gam)
m 0,3.160
152
Cu 18: Chn p n A
n HCHO = a(mol) 30a + 44b =1,02
Nu l HCHO, CH3 CHO: a < 0 (loi)
n CH3CHO = b(mol) 4a + 2b =
0,04
n
1,02
n Ag =
0,04 n RCHO =
0,02 R + 29 = = R=
.v
22
0,02
Cu 19: Chn p n A
om
n X = 0,2(mol) 5,36
MX = = 26,8
m X = 5,36(mol) 0,2 .c
CH CH : 0,16 CAg CAg : 0,16(mol)

ok
HCHO : 0,04 Ag : 0,04.4 =0,16(mol)
0,16.2 + 0,16
Vi 0,1 mol X : =
BTNT.Ag
n AgNO3 = 0,24(mol)
bo
2
Cu 20. Chn p n C
Ta c:
et
CH CHO : a Ag : 2a 44a + 26b = 8,04

8,04 3 55, 2
CDLBT

vi
CH CH : b CAg CAg : b 2a.108 + 240b = 55, 2

ng
a = 0,1(mol) Ag : 0, 2(mol)
m= 61,78
b = 0,14(mol) AgCl : 0, 28(mol)
Cu 21. Chn p n B
a
Cu ny c rt nhiu cch suy ra p n rt nhanh.

kh
D thy andehit khng th l HCHO.

2,9
Nu l anehit n chc : n Ag = 0,8 n RCHO = 0, 4 M = = 7,05(mol)
0, 4
Cu 22: Chn p n C
2,8
n X =0,05 M X = =56 C2 H3 CHO
0,05
n=
NO2
0,1 BTE
=n Ag
0,1(mol)
2,8
n X = 0,025 M X = = 112 (loa i)
0,025
527
Cu 23: Chn p n C
Vi phn 1: n Ag =0,08 n HCHO =0,02
Vi phn 2 :
0,02.H
n HCOOH = 100

n = 0,02 0,02.H
HCHO 100
0,02.H 0,02.H

= = 2.
n Ag 0,06(mol) + 4(0,02 )=
H 50
100 100
Cu 24: Chn p n D
n
0,1 0,025.30
.v
n Ag =0,1(mol) n HCHO = = 0,025(mol); %HCHO = =38,071%
4 1,97
om
Cu 25: Chn p n A
V X gm 2 Anehit no n chc mch h

BTNT.H
n=
ancol
H 2O 0, 4 +=
0, 2 0,6(mol) .c
Cu 26: Chn p n D
ok
Ta c:
n X = 0,1(mol) n HCHO = a(mol) a + b = 0,1
bo
a = b = 0,05(mol)
n Ag = 0,3(mol) n CH3CHO = b(mol) 4a + 2b = 0,3
Cu 27: Chn p n B
et
2,2
n X =0,05(mol) M X = =44 CH 3CHO
c: n Ag 0,1(mol)
Ta = 0,05
vi
n X = 0,025(mol) (loai)
ng
Cu 28: Chn p n B
= CH 2
Ch : Trong mi kim HCOOCH 3
HCOONH 4 + CH 3CHO
NH
a
HCHO : 0,005(mol)
kh

m HOC CHO : 0,01(mol)
Phn 1:
2 CH= 2 CH COOH : 0,02(mol)
HCOOCH = CH 2 : 0,01(mol)
n Ag = 0,005.4 + 0,01.4 + 0,01.4 = 0,1 a = 10,8(mol)
Phn 2: n Br=
2
0,005.2 + 0,01.2 + 0,02 + 0,01.2= 0,07 b= 0,14(mol)
528
Cu 29: Chn p n C
= =
n n CaCO 3
n=
CO2 0,15(mol)
n CO2 = 0,15(mol)

( )
m m CO2 + m H 2O =

3,9(mol) n H 2O = 0,25(mol)
thy rng cc cht trong X u c 2 Hidro trong phn t nn khi t c :
=
n X n=
H 2O 0, 25(mol)
Ch : Vi nhiu bi ton hu c ta cn phi tm ra nhiu im c bit ca cc
hn hp.
Cu 30: Chn p n D
CH 3CHO : a(mol)
n
=
n CH CH 0,1(mol)
BTNT.C

CH CH : ( 0,1 a ) (mol)
.v
Ag : 2a(mol)
om

AgNO3 / NH3
22,56(gam)
CAg CAg : (0,1 a)(mol)

BTKL
=
22,56 2a.108 + 240(0,1 a)
= a 0,06 =
H 60%
.c
Cu 31. Chn p n B
n andehit = 0,2(mol) n HCHO = a(mol) a + b =
ok
0,2

n Ag = 0,6(mol) n
CH3CHO = b(mol) 4a + 2b = 0,6
bo
a = 0,1(mol)
%HCHO = 40,54%
b = 0,1(mol)
et
Cu 32: Chn p n A
V E + HCl c kh CO 2 nn Y l HCHO.
vi
n Ag = 0,17(mol) 0,17 0, 035.4

Ta c: =
n RCHO = 0, 015(mol)
ng
n
CO2 = 0, 035 n HCHO = 0, 035(mol) 2
1,89 0,035.30
R + 29 = = 56 R = 27
a
0,015
Cu 33: Chn p n D
kh
thy cc andehit u l n chc v c trng hp HCHO

5,8
Nu X l HCHO c: n Ag = 0,2 n X = 0,05 M X = = 116 (Loi )
0,05
5,8
X khng l HCHO: n Ag = 0,2 n X = 0,1 M X = = 58 C 2 H 5CHO
0,1
Cu 34: Chn p n B
BTNT.Oxi n Otrong X + 0,375.2 = 0,3.2 + 0,3 n Otrong X = 0,15(mol)
529
Do s mol nc bng s mol CO 2 nn X l cc andehit no n chc

n=
X n Otrong =
X
0,15
0,3 HCHO
Ta c C= = 2 X
0,15 RCHO
Do : 0,15.2 < n Ag < 0,15.4; 32,4 < m Ag < 64,8
CON NG T DUY S 25
K XO GII BI TON AXIT HU C
n
Con ng t duy: Gi axit(c th l hn hp) n hoc a chc X
.v
(1) X + Na H 2 th H 2 thot ra chnh l H trong nhm COOH ca X.
(2) X + nNaOH nH 2 O y n chnh l s nhm chc COOH ca X.
om
(3) X n CO2 n H2 O = k.n X y k l s lin kt .
Chy
(4) Bi ton tnh hiu sut este phi tnh theo cht thiu. Ch c th cn dng
.c
ti cng thc tnh Kc.
(5) Trong qu trnh gii ton thng dng BTKL v BTNT.
ok
HNG DN P DNG
bo
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH 3 COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3

gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C 2 H 5 OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c
et
m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr

ca m l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16).
vi
A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20

Ta quy X v:
ng
HCOOH :1 n = 0,1(mol)

Quy oi
RCOOH = R 8 RCOOH
CH 3COOH :1 n C2 H5OH = 0,125(mol)
a
kh

= m este 80%.0,1.(8 + 44=
+ 29) 6,48(gam)
hp X T/d va vi 200 ml dd NaOH 1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam
hn hp X cn V lt O 2 (ktc) sau cho ton b sn phm chy vo dd NaOH d
thy khi lng dd tng 40,3 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 17,36 lt B. 19,04 lt C. 19,60 lt D. 15,12 lt
X : C n H 2n O2
Chay
nCO2 + nH 2 O
530
n CO2 = a(mol)
n=
X 0,2(mol) 44a + 18a
= 40,3 =
a 0,65(mol)
n H 2O = a(mol)

BTNT.oxi
0,2.2 += 2n O2 0,65.3 = n O2 0,775(mol)
Cu 3: Cho 8,64 gam mt axit n chc phn ng vi 144 ml dd KOH 1M. C cn
dd sau phn ng c 14,544 gam cht rn. Cng thc ca axit l:
A. CH 3 COOH B. C 2 H 3 COOH
C. HCOOH D. C 2 H 5 COOH
2,16
BTKL
8,64 + 0,144.56
= 14,544 + m H2O = n H2O = = 0,12 n axit
18
n
8,64
M axit = = 72
.v
0,12
Cu 4: Cho 10,0 gam axit cacboxylic n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 400 ml
om
dung dch gm KOH 0,15M v NaOH 0,10M. C cn dung dch thu c 10,36
gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C 2 H 5 COOH B. HCOOH .c
C. C 2 H 3 COOH D. CH 3 COOH
ok
4, 6

BTKL
10 + 0, 06.56 + 0, 04.40
= 10,36 + m H2 O n=
H2O = 0, 255(mol) (V l)
18
RCOOK : 0,06
bo
Do axit d 10,36 R = 27 CH 2 = CH
RCOONa : 0,04
Cu 5: t chy hon ton a gam axit cacboxylic khng no , n chc, mch h
et
trong gc hidrocacbon c cha 2 lin kt cn li l lin kt thu c 6,72 lt

CO 2 ( ktc) v 1,8 (g) H 2 O. Gi tr ca a l:
vi
A. 3,5. B. 11,2. C. 8,4. D. 7,0.

ng
V a xit c tng cng 3 lin kt nn:

0,3 0,1
n CO2 n H 2O =2n axit n axit = =0,1 n Otrong axit =0,2(mol)
a
2

=
BTKL
a m(C,=
H,O) 0,3.12 + 0,1.2 +=
0,2.16 7(gam)
kh
Cu 6: t chy hon ton m gam mt axit cacboxylic no (mch cacbon h v

khng phn nhnh), thu c 1,344 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 0,9 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 0,6. B. 1,46. C. 2,92. D. 0,73.
V mch l thng nn ch xy ra axit l n chc hoc 2 chc.
n CO = 0,06(mol)
V 2 nn axit l 2 chc
n H 2O = 0,05(mol)
n axit = n CO2 n H 2O = 0,06 0,05 = 0,01(mol) n Otrong oxit = 0,01.4 = 0,04(mol)
531

=
BTKL
m 0,06.12 + 0,05.2 +=
0,04.16 1, 46(gam)
Cu 7: Cho m gam hn hp M gm 2 axit X ,Y (Y nhiu hn X mt nhm COOH)
phn ng ht vi dd NaOH to ra (m+8,8) gam mui. Nu cho ton b lng M
trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 sau phn ng kt thc thu
c 43,2 gam Ag v 13,8 gam mui amoni ca axit hu c. Cng thc ca Y v
gi tr ca m ln lt l:
A. HOOC-CH 2 -COOH v 19,6. B. HOCO-COOH v 27,2.
C. HOCO-CH 2 -COOH v 30,00. D. HOCO-COOH v 18,2.
V c phn ng trng bc nn X l HCOOH c ngay:
n Ag = 0, 4(mol) n HCOOH = 0,2(mol)
n HCOOH = 0,2(mol)
n
8,8
(m + 8,8) n COOH = = 0, 4(mol) n HOOC R COOH = 0,1(mol)
.v
22
13,8(NH 4 OOC R COONH 4 : 0,1) R = 14
om
Cu 8: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH 3 COOH v 1 mol C 2 H 5 OH,
lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo
axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1 mol CH 3 COOH cn s mol C 2 H 5 OH l (bit cc
.c
phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit ).
ok
A.0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456.
y l bi ton lin quan ti hng s Kc.
bo
2 2
Vi th nghim 1 ta c : =
KC
[ CH 3COOC2 H 5 ].[ H 2 O ] 3 . 3
= = 4
[CH3COOH ].[C2 H5OH ] 1 . 1
et
3 3
Vi th nghim 2:
vi
KC =
[CH3COOC2 H5 ].[ H 2O] = 0,9.0,9 = 4 x = 1,925
ng
[CH3COOH ].[C2 H5OH ] 0,1.(1 + x 0,9)

n C2 H5OH =
2,925(mol)
a
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
kh
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h Y v Z (Z nhiu hn Y hai

nguyn t oxi). t chy hon ton a mol hn hp X, thu c a mol H 2 O. Mt
khc, nu cho a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaHCO 3 , th thu c
1,6a mol CO 2 . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Y trong X l:
A. 74,59%. B. 25,41%. C. 40,00%. D. 46,67%.
Cu 2: Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s mol X
gp hai ln s mol Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M
tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v
8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l:
532
A. HCOOH v C 3 H 7 OH. B. HCOOH v CH 3 OH.

C. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 OH. D. CH 3 COOH v CH 3 OH.
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic. Cho m
A. 1,8. B. 1,62. C. 1,44 D. 3,6.
Cu 4: Trung ha 0,89 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit hu c X cn
dng 15ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Nu cho 0,89 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi
lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng th thu c 2,16 gam Ag. Tn
n
ca X l:
A. Axit metacrylic. B. axit acrylic.
.v
C. axit propionic. D. axit axetic
om
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m
X th thu c 19,04 lt kh CO 2 ( ktc) v 14,76 gam H 2 O. % s mol ca axit
A. 60% B. 31,25%
.c
C. 62,5% D. 30%
ok
Cu 6. Hn hp X cha 3 axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit no
v hai axit khng no u c mt lin kt i (C = C). Cho m gam X tc dng va
vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy
bo
hon ton m gam X, hp th ton b sn phm chy bng dung dch NaOH d,
khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam. Tng khi lng ca hai axit
et
cacboxylic khng no trong m l:

vi
Cu 7. Ha tan 26,8 gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h vo

nc c dung dch X. Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 phn ng
ng
hon ton vi dd AgNOH3 / NH3 d thu c 21,6 gam bc kim loi. trung
ha hon ton phn 2 cn 200 ml dd NaOH1M. Cng thc ca hai axit l:
a
A. CH 3 COOH, C 2 H 5 COOH.
kh
B. CH 3 COOH, C 3 H 7 COOH.
C. HCOOH, C 3 H 7 COOH. D. HCOOH, C 2 H 5 COOH.
Cu 8: Cho 29,4 gam hn hp X gm axit oxalic v mt axit cacboxylic n chc,
mch h Y tc dng hon ton vi 200 gam dung dch NaHCO 3 21% thu c
dung dch Z v 8,96 lit kh (ktc). Bit trong dung dch Z nng ca natri oxalat
l 6,327%. S ng phn cu to ca Y l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 9: Cho hn hp hai axit cacboxylic hai chc tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va
thu c dung dch cha m gam hn hp mui. Cho ton b lng mui thu c
tc dng ht vi NaOH d c mt CaO un nng thu c cht rn X v hn hp
533
hirocacbon Y c t khi so vi H 2 bng 18,5. Cho ton b cht rn X tc dng vi

dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, d thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 . Gi tr m l:
A. 25,0. B. 61,8. C. 33,8. D. 32,4.
Cu 10: Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic. Cho m
A. 3,60. B. 1,44. C. 1,80. D. 1,62.
Cu 11: t chy hon ton 9,16 gam hn hp X gm 1 este v 1 axit hu c ,cn
va 0,45 mol O 2 , v thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H 2 O.Tnh th tch dung
n
dch NaOH 1M phn ng va ht 9,16 gam hn hp X.
.v
A. 80 ml B. 100 ml C. 120ml D. 150ml
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 12,88 gam hn hp gm 1 axit no, n chc, mch h
om
v 1 ancol no, n chc, mch h c 0,54 mol CO 2 v 0,64 mol H 2 O. Thc hin
phn ng este ha hon ton lng hn hp trn th thu c m (g) este. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 10,20 g B. 8,82 g
.c
C. 12,30 g D. 11,08 g
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic. Cho m gam X phn ng vi lng d
ok
dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, kt thc cc phn ng thu c 21,6 gam
Ag. Cho ton b lng X trn phn ng va vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
bo
thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y cn li 13,5 gam cht rn khan. Cng
thc ca hai axit cacboxylic l
A. HCOOH v HOOCCOOH. B. CH 3 COOH v HOOCCOOH.
et
C. HCOOH v C 2 H 3 COOH. D. HCOOH v C 2 H 5 COOH.

Cu 14: un nng axit axetic vi ancol iso-amylic c H 2 SO 4 c xc tc thu c
vi
iso-amyl axetat (du chui). Bit hiu sut phn ng t 68%. Lng du chui thu
ng
c t 132,35 gam axit axetic un nng vi 200 gam ru iso-amylic l:

Cu 15: Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ho m
a
kh
X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. Khi lng ca axit
Cu 16: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp cc axit thuc dy ng ng axit
acrylic ri cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo 350 ml dung dch Ca(OH) 2
1M thy c 10 gam kt ta xut hin v khi lng dung dch sau phn ng tng 25,4
gam so vi khi lng dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,80. B. 11,40. C. 15,0. D. 20,8.
534
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,3
mol X thu c 0,5 mol CO 2 . trung ha 0,15 mol X cn dng va 250 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit trong X l:
A. axit fomic v axit aipic. B. axit axetic v axit malonic.
C. axit fomic v axit oxalic. D. axit axetic v axit oxalic.
Cu 18: Hn hp M gm hai axit cacboxylic X v Y (X nhiu hn Y mt nguyn
t cacbon). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol M cn dng va V lt O 2 (ktc), thu
c 0,45 mol CO 2 v 0,2 mol H 2 O. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 7,84. B. 4,48. C. 12,32. D. 3,36.
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp M gm ankan X v axit cacboxylic
Y (X v Y c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t), thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 v
n
0,4 mol H 2 O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp M l:
.v
A. 25%. B. 75%. C. 50%. D. 40%.
om
Cu 20: t chay hoan toan 4,02 gam hn h p gm axit acrylic , vinyl axetat va
metyl metacrylat ri cho toan b san phm chay vao binh 1 ng dung dich H 2 SO 4
c, binh 2 ng dung dich Ba (OH) 2 d thy khi lng binh 1 tng m gam, binh
2 xut hin 35,46 gam kt tua. Gia tri cua m la:
.c
A. 2,70. B. 2,34. C. 3,24. D. 3,65.
ok
Cu 21: Cho m gam hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit benzoic, axit aipic, axit oxalic
tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c a gam mui. Cng cho m gam hn hp
X ni trn tc dng vi Ca(OH) 2 va thu c b gam mui. Biu thc lin h gia
bo
m, a v b l:
A. 3m = 22b-19a. B. 9m = 20a-11b.
et
C. 3m = 11b-10a. D. 8m = 19a-11b.
Cu 22: Cho 0,03 mol hn hp X gm R-COOH v R-COOM (M l kim loi
vi
kim, R l gc hirocacbon) tc dng vi 0,02 mol Ba(OH) 2 . trung ha lng

Ba(OH) 2 d cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M ri c cn dung dch sau cc phn
ng
ng trn thu c 6,03 gam cht rn khan. Axit R-COOH c tn gi l:

A. axit butiric. B. axit axetic.
a
C. axit acrylic. D. axit propionic.

c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100
kh
Cu 23: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu

ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c mt mui v 448 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t
chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng
dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d th khi lng bnh tng 8,68 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht
hu c trong X l:
A. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3. B. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5.
C. CH3COOH v CH3COOCH3. D. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 24: Cho m gam hn hp 2 axit hu c no n chc k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng, tc dng vi 6,90 gam Na thu c 2,464 lt kh (ktc) v 19,08 gam
hn hp cht rn. Tn gi ca cc axit l:
535
A. Fomic v axetic B. Axetic v propionic

C. Propionic v butyric D. Butanoic v pentanoic
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm axit hu c no, n chc ,mch h A v mt ru no,n
chc mch h B. Bit M A =M B . Chia m gam hn hp X thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1 Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,168 lt H 2 (ktc). t chy hon ton
phn 2 ri cho ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d thu
c 7,88 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A v B l:
A. HCOOH;C 2 H 5 OH B. CH 3 COOH;C 3 H 7 OH
C.C 2 H 5 COOH;C 4 H 9 OH D.C 3 H 7 COOH;C 5 H 11 OH
Cu 26: Cho m gam hn hp M gm 2 axit X ,Y (Y nhiu hn X mt nhm
COOH) phn ng ht vi dd NaOH to ra (m+8,8) gam mui. Nu cho ton b
n
lng M trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 sau phn ng
.v
kt thc thu c 43,2 gam Ag v 13,8 gam mui amoni ca axit hu c. Cng
thc ca Y v gi tr ca m ln lt l:
om
A. HOOC-CH 2 -COOH v 19,6. B. HOCO-COOH v 27,2.
C. HOCO-CH 2 -COOH v 30,00. D. HOCO-COOH v 18,2.
Cu 27: Hn hp M gm 2 axit cacboxylic u no, mch h A, B (B hn A mt nhm
.c
chc). Ha hi hon ton m gam M thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 7 gam nit
ok
o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Nu cho m gam M tc dng vi Na d thu c
4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Khi t chy hon ton m gam M thu c 28,6g CO 2 . Cng thc
phn t ca A v B l:
bo
A. C 2 H 4 O 2 v C 3 H 4 O 4 . B. CH 2 O 2 v C 4 H 6 O 2 .
C. C 2 H 4 O 2 v C 4 H 6 O 4 D. CH 2 O 2 v C 3 H 4 O 4 .
et
Cu 28: Chia mt lng hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c (no, n chc, mch h,

ng ng lin tip) v ancol etylic thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho phn
vi
ng hon ton vi Na d, thu c 3,92 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn 2 em t chy hon

ton ri cho ton b sn phm sc vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thy khi
ng
lng bnh ng tng 56,7 gam v c 177,3 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca axit c
phn t khi ln hn v thnh phn % v khi lng ca n trong hn hp X l:
a
A. C 4 H 6 O 2 v 20,7%. B. C 3 H 6 O 2 v 64,07%.
kh
C. C 4 H 8 O 2 v 44,6%. D. C 3 H 6 O 2 v 71,15%.
Cu 29: Cho hn hp X gm 2 axit (no, n chc, ng ng k tip) v ancol
etylic phn ng ht vi Na gii phng ra 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc nu un nng
hn hp X (c H 2 SO 4 m c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp X phn ng
vi nhau va v to thnh 16,2 gam hn hp este (gi s cc phn ng u t
hiu sut 100%). Cng thc ca 2 axit ln lt l:
A. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 COOH. B. C 3 H 7 COOH v C 4 H 9 COOH.
C. HCOOH v CH 3 COOH. D. C 6 H 13 COOH v C 7 H 15 COOH.
Cu 30:Cho hn hp X cha 2 axit cacboxylic n chc c t l s mol 2:1 (1 axit
no v 1 axit khng no ch cha 2 lin kt pi trong gc) v 1 axit cacboxylic no, 2
536
chc. Cho 2,52g hn hp X vo mt bnh kn c th tch 1 lt.Nung bnh n nhit

273o C th thy p sut trong bnh l 1.79088 atm. Mt khc t chy hon ton
2.52g hn hp X cn dng V lt (ktc) O 2 thu c 0.72g H 2 O v mg CO 2 . Ga tr
ca V l (bit m khng vt qu 4g):
A. 0.448 B. 0.224 C. 0.896 D. 1.792
Cu 31: Chia hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn
1 tc dng va vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. t chy hon ton phn hai
v sc sn phm chy vo nc vi trong d thu c 50 gam kt ta . Tn gi ca
2 axit l :
A. Axit fomic v axit oxalic B. Axit axetic v axit oxalic
D. Axit fomic v axit aipic
n
C. Axit axetic v axit acrylic
.v
om
A. 12,6%. B. 29,9%. C. 29,6%. D. 15,9%.
Cu 33: Hn hp X gm 1 axit no n chc A v 2 axit khng no n chc c 1
.c
lin kt i B, C l ng ng k tip (M B < M C ) u mch h. X tc dng va
ok
vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M, thu c 17,04 gam hn hp mui. Mt khc t
chy hon ton X thu c tng khi lng CO 2 v H 2 O l 26,72 gam. % s mol
ca B trong hn hp X l:
bo
A. 20%. B. 30%. C. 22,78%. D. 34,18%.

Cu 34: Hn hp X gm 2 axit no. t chy hon ton a mol hn hp X thu c
et
a mol H 2 O. Mt khc, cho a mol hn hp X tc dng vi NaHCO 3 d thu c 1,4

a mol CO 2 . % khi lng ca axit c khi lng mol nh hn trong X l:
vi
A. 26,4%. B. 27,3%. C. 43,4%. D. 35,8%.

Cu 35: Mt hn hp M gm 0,06 mol axit cacboxylic X v 0,04 mol ancol no a
ng
chc Y. t chy hon ton hn hp M trn thu c 3,136 lt CO 2 . % khi

lng ca Y trong hn hp M l:
a
A. 52,67%. B. 66,91%. C. 33,09%. D. 47,33%.

kh
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN S 1
Cu 1: Chn p n B
Cho a = 1
V n X = n H2O axit ch c 2H
Y : HCOOH : x mol x + y = 1

Z : HOOC COOH : y mol x + 2 y = 1, 6
537
x = 0, 4
%HCOOH = 25,41%
y = 0,6
Cu 2: Chn p n C
axit : 2a(mol) 2a + c = 0,2

M ancol : a(mol)
NaOH
(a + c).Ancol = 8,05
este : c(mol) (2a + c)(axit 1 + 23) =16,4

axit = 60

8,05 8,05 = 40,25
=
Ancol >
a + c 2a + c
n
Cu 3: Chn p n C
.v
X + NaHCO3 n CO2 = 0,06 = n COOH n OX = 0,12(mol)
om
a

BTNT.oxi
0,12 + 0,09.2
= 0,11.2 + =
a 1,44(gam)
18
Cu 4: Chn p n A .c
n Ag
HCOOH= : a = 0,01
0,89 =
b 0,015 0,01
= 0,005
ok
2
RCOOH : b

0,89 0,46
bo
RCOOH= = 86
0,005
Cu 5: Chn p n D
et
NaOH : 0,05(mol) C15 H 31COOH : a(mol)

vi
CO2 : 0,85(mol) ;X C17 H 35COOH : b(mol)

H 2 O : 0,82(mol) C H COOH : c(mol)
ng
17 31
a + b + c = 0,05 a = 0,025(mol)
BTNT.cacbon
a
16a + 18b += 18c 0,85 = b 0,01(mol)

32a + 36b + 32c = 0,82.2 c = 0,015(mol)
kh
BTNT.hidro

Cu 6. Chn p n A
NaOH : 0,03(mol) n H2 O =n X =0,3(mol)
m=
18,96(gam)
BTKL : m + 0,3.40 =25,56 + 0,3.18
538
CO2 : a(mol)

H 2 O : b(mol)
44a + 18b = 40, 08
n axit
khongno
= 0,15(mol)

a= 0, 69 O= 2,3
12a =2b + 0,3.2.16 =
18, 96 n HCOOH = 0,15(mol)
b= 0,54 H= 3, 6
m = 18, 96 0,15.46= 12.06(gam)
Cu 7. Chn p n C
Trng bcloi A,B
nAg =0,2 nHCOOH =0,1
n
13,4 0,1.46
HCOOH : 0,1 =
R + 45 = R 43
.v
= 0,2
nNaOH 0.1
RCOOH : 0,1
om
Cu 8. Chn p n C
NaHCO 3 0,5 mol > CO 2 0,4 mol
HOOC COOH : x(mol) 90x + (R + 45)y =
29, 4.c
t
RCOOH : y(mol) 2x + y =0, 4
ok
BTKL:
134x 6,327
m dd Z = m X + m dd NaHCO3 - m CO2 x = 0,1
bo
=
29,4 + 200 - 0,4.44 100
R = 57 ( C 4 H 9 ). Y l C 5 H 10 O 2 c 4 ng phn cu to Chn C
et
m + 40 x =+ a 18 x
a m = 22 x
nH 2O ==
x nOH x 22b 19a = 3m
m + 2 ( 40 + 34 ) =+
vi
b 18 x b m = 19 x
ng
Cu 9: Chn p n C
RH : a
a(mol) R ( COOH )2 a R ( COONa )2 2
a
Na 2 CO3 =
: 2a n= CO2 0, 4(mol)
kh
R = 35 m = 0,2. ( 35 + 67.2 ) = 33,8 C

Cu 10: Chn p n B
X + NaHCO3 n CO2 = 0,06 = n COOH n OX = 0,12(mol)
a

BTNT.oxi
0,12 + 0,09.2
= 0,11.2 + =
a 1,44(gam)
18
Cu 11: Chn p n C
n CO 2 = n H 2 O = a no n chc

BTKL
9,16 + 0, 45.
= O2 44a + 18a
= a 0,38(mol )
Bo ton nguyn t oxi: 2nX + 0,45.2 =2a + an X = 0,1(mol)
539
Cu 12: Chn p n A
n rn = n H2O n CO2 =0,1(mol)
m O =12,88 0,54.12 0,64.2 =5,12 n O =0,32( mol )
nruou = 0,1( mol )

0,32 0,1
= naxit = 0,11( mol )
2
Nhn thy 0,1 CH 3 OH + 1,11 C 3 H 7 COOH=12,88
m=0,1.(43+44+15) =10.2(gam)
Cu 13: Chn p n A
n Ag = 0,2(mol) n HCOOH = 0,1(mol)
n

0,2 0,1 0,1
.v
n NaOH =0,2(mol) n R (COOH)k = = (mol)
k k
om
HCOONa : 0,1
R = 0
13,5 0,1 A
RCOONa : k k = 2
Cu 14: Chn p n D
.c
132,35
ok
n CH=3 COOH
= 2,206(mol)
60 = m 0,68.2,206(88=+ 60 18) 195(gam)

n 200
= = 2,27(mol)
bo
( CH3 )2 CHCH2 CH2 OH 88

Cu 15: Chn p n D
et
C15 H 31COOH : a= a + b + c 0,04= a 0,02(mol)

m C17 H 35COOH : b 16c + 18b + 18c = 0,68 b = 0,005(mol)
vi
C H COOH : c 32a + 36b += 32c 1,3 = c 0,015(mol)

17 31
ng
Cu 16: Chn p n B
n Ca 2 + = 0,35(mol)
n
BTNT.Ca
=
n Ca( HCO3 )2 0,25(mol)= n C 0,6(mol)
a
CaCO3 = 0,1(mol)
kh

= m 0,6.44 + m H 2O = 10 25, 4 n= H 2O 0,5(mol)
n axit = n CO2 n H 2O = 0,1(mol)
n Otrongaxit =
2n X =
0,2
m axit = m C +H+O = 0,6.12 + 0,5.2 + 0,2.16 = 11,4(gam)
540
Cu 17: Chn p n C
n X = 0,3(mol) n HCOOH = a(mol)
C= 1,67 HCOOH 0,15 :
n CO2 = 0,5(mol) n HOOC RCOOH = b(mol)
= a + b 0,15= a 0,05(mol)

=a + 2b 0,25= b 0,1(mol)
Th vo p n. D thy A khng tha mn
Cu 18: Chn p n B
n = 0,2(mol)
M C = 2,25
= n CO2 0, 45(mol) do X c 2 cc bon v Y c 3 cc bon.
n

H = 2
n H 2O = 0,2(mol)
.v
Khi c ngay :
om
X HOOC COOH : a mol = a + b 0,2= a 0,15(mol)

Y CH C COOH : b mol 2a = + 3b 0,45= b 0,05(mol)
BTNT. Oxi c ngay :
.c
V
ok
0,15.4 + 0,05.2 + =.2 0,45.2 + 0,2 =V 4,48 (lit) Chn B
22,4
Cu 19: Chn p n B
bo
= =
n M 0, 2(mol); n CO2 0, 4(mol) mi cht trong M u gm 2 cc bon.
Do s mol nc = s mol CO 2 nn Y c nhiu hn 1 lin kt .M Y ch c 2
et
nguyn t C.
C H : a(mol) =a + b 0,2= a 0,1(mol)
vi
0,2 mol M 2 6
HOOC COOH : b(mol) 6a =
+ 2b 0,8 =
b 0,1(mol)
ng
0,1.90
C ngay: %m(HOOC COOH)
= = 75%
0,1.90 + 0,1.30
a
Cu 20: Chn p n B
kh
Cn H 2 n 2O2 4,02
14n + 32 =2 =n 3,6
= = nCO2
n 0,18 0,18
n
0,18
nhh = = 0,05 = nCO2 nH 2O nH 2O = 0,13( mol ) B
3,6
541
Cu 21: Chn p n A
Ch : V lng axit l nh nhau do lng H 2 O hai th nghim l nh nhau.
m + 40x = a + 18x

n H2= =
x n
BTKL
x
m + 2 ( 40 + 34 ) =+
O OH
b 18x
a m =22x
22b 19a =
3m
b m =19x
Cu 22: Chn p n D
( RCOO )2 Ba : 0,01(mol)
Ba(OH) 2 : 0,02(mol)
n
BaCl2 : 0,01(mol)
.v
HCl : 0,02(mol) RCOOM : 0,01(mol)

om
6,03 = 2,08 + 2, 25 + 0,03R + 0, 44 + 0,01M
K = 39
3R + M = 126
= 29 C2 H 5
R .c
Cu 23: Chn p n D
ok
Nhn vo p n thy ch c axit v este
=
n X n= NaOH 0,05(mol) axit : 0,03(mol) CO : a(mol)
8,68 2
bo
n ruou = 0,02(mol) este : 0,02(mol) H 2 O : a(mol)
=
a 0,14(mol)=
n C 0,14(mol)
et
Cu 24: Chn p n A
vi
m=+ 6,9 19,08 + 0,11.2=

m 12,4
BTKL
n= 1,74 A
n Na =0,3 > 2n H2 Na(du)
ng
Cu 25: Chn p n B
a
= n H2 0,0075(mol) =
n X 0,015(mol) 0,04
= C = 2,67
kh
n = 0,04(mol) 0,015
Ch c B l ph hp v A hai cht u c s C nh hn 2.C v D th hai cht u
ln hn 2 C
Cu 26: Chn p n C
V c phn ng trng bc nn X l HCOOH c ngay :
n Ag = 0,4(mol) n HCOOH = 0,2(mol)
n = 0,2(mol)
8,8 HCOOH
(m + 8,8) n COOH = = 0,4(mol) n HOOC R COOH = 0,1(mol)
22
13,8(NH 4 OOC R COONH 4 : 0,1) R = 14
542
Cu 27: Chn p n A
Nhn nhanh vo cc p n thy ngay B 2 chc v A 1 chc loi B ngay
7
n= M n N= = 0,25(mol)
28

2
A : a a + b = n CO2 = 0,65(mol)
0,25 a = 0,1(mol)

0,5a + b= n H2 = 0,2 b = 0,15(mol)
B : b
Dng bo ton nguyn t thy ngay ch A tha mn n CO2 = 0,65(mol)
Cu 28: Chn p n B

n
= m m CO2 + m= H 2O 56,7

.v
P2 : = n n=CO2 0,9

om
n 56,7 0,9.44
= = 0,95(mol)
H 2O 18
V axit l no n chc nn khi chy cho n CO2 = n H2 O
.c
C ngay : n ancol = n H 2O n CO2 = 0,05(mol)
ok
n C 2 H5OH = 0,05(mol)
P1 : n H 2= 0,175 n X= 0,35(mol)
n C n H 2 nO2 = 0,3(mol)
bo
C n H 2n O2 nCO2 CH 3COOH : a
chay
=
n 2,667
0,3 (0,9 0,1) C 2 H 5COOH : b
et
a + b =0,3

BTNT,cac bon

vi
2a + 3b =0,8
ng
a = 0,1(mol) 0,2.74
%C 2 H
= 5 COOH = 64,07%
b = 0,2(mol) 0,2.74 + 0,1.60 + 0,05.46
a
Cu 29: Chn p n C
kh
phan ng va u
C2 H 5OH : 0,2(mol)
=n H 0,2(mol)
= n X 0,4(mol)
RCOOH : 0,2(mol)
2
16,2
RCOOC2 H 5 = = 81 R = 8
0,2
543
Cu 30: Chn p n C
n X = 0,04(mol)

H : 0,08
+ O 2 bCO 2 + 0,04H 2O
BTNT.oxi
a + 2n O= 2b + 0,04
2,52 O : a 2
C : b

Bi ny lm chun mc th git thi gian ngay: (Thi chuyn sang th p n ngay)
Vi Phng n D:
2,52 + 0,08.32 = m CO + 0,72 m CO = 4,36(gam) (loai)
2 2
Vi p n l C:
n
2,52 + 0, 04.32 = m CO2 + 0, 72 m CO2 = 3, 08 n C = 0, 07(mol)
.v
Vi phng n B:
om
2,52 + 0, 01.32= m CO2 + 0, 72 m CO2= 2,12(gam) n C= 0, 04818(mol)
(rt l)
Vi p n A : .c
2,52 + 0, 02.32= m CO2 + 0, 72 m CO2= 2, 44(gam) n C= 0, 05545(mol)
ok
(rt l)
Cu 31: Chn p n A
bo
Vi nhng bi ton hu c ta nn kt hp nhanh vi p n gii.Vic lm

ny l rt ph hp vi kiu thi trc nghim hin nay.C 3 TH gm 1 n chc
v 1 c 2 chc
et
Vi phn 2: c ngay=
: n n=
CaCO3 0,5(mol)
vi
n ch c : a NaOH
Vi phn 1 : a + 2b = 0,5
ng
2 ch c : b
Kt hp vi p n d thy ch c A tha mn
a
Cu 32: Chn p n B
kh
4.16
Ta c ngay X : R ( COOH )2 < 0,7 R > 1,4
R + 90
n O = 0,4(mol)
2
=
n CO2 0,35(mol)
BTNT.oxi

= n Otrong X,Y,Z 0,35(mol)
n H2 O = 0,45(mol)

=BTKL
m X,Y,Z = m(C,H,O) 10,7(gam)
544

axit : a(mol) a + b =0,2 a = 0,05(mol)
BTNT.oxi
ancol : b(mol) 4a + b = 0,35 b = 0,15(mol)
10,7 0,05.104 CH 3OH : 0,1 0,1.32
ROH = = R 19,67 %=
0,15 C 2 H 5OH : 0,05 10,7
Cu 33: Chn p n A

BTKL
m X + 0,
= 2.40 17, 04 + 0, 2.18
= m X 12, 64(gam)
= 0, 2
n NaOH X don chuc
n=
X 0, 2 n Otrong=
X
= 0, 4(mol)
0, 2.2
n
CO2 : a = 44a + 18b 26, 72= a 0, 46
n B,C = 0,1 n A = 0,1(mol)
.v
H
2 O : b 12a + =
2b 12, 64 0, 4.16 b= 0,36
0,46 0,1.2
om
TH 1: A l CH 3 COOH c ngay : B,C : Cn H 2n =O n
2 2
= 2,6 (loi)
0,1
TH 2: A l HCOOH c ngay :
B,C : C n H 2n 2 O2 n =
0,46 0,1.1
.c = CH COOH : 0,04
CH
= 3,6 2
0,1 CH 2 =CH CH 2 COOH : 0,06
ok
Cu 34: Chn p n C
HCOOH : a a + b =
1 HCOOH : 0,6
bo
a =1 H =2
HOOC COOH : b =a + 2b 1,4 HOOC COOH : 0,4
%HCOOH = C
et
Cu 35: Chn p n D
C tb = 0,14/0,1 = 1,4 Do khng c ancol a chc c 1C nn axit l HCOOH.
vi
Xt 0,06 mol HCOOH v 0,04 mol C n H 2n+2 Ox.

Ta c: 0,06 + 0,04n = 0,14 n = 2 C 2 H 4 (OH) 2 . Tnh c %Y = 47,33%.
ng
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
a
Cu 1: Hn hp A gm hirocacbon X v cht hu c Y (C, H, O) c t khi so

kh
vi H 2 bng 13,8. t chy hon ton 1,38 g A cn 0,095 mol O 2 , sn phm

chy thu c c 0,08 mol CO 2 v 0,05 mol H 2 O. Cho 1,38 g A qua lng d
AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c m(g) kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,52 (g). B. 12,63 (g). C. 15,84 g. D. 8,31.
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h. t chy hon ton 0,3
mol X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). trung ha 0,15 mol X cn va 500
ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Cng thc ca hai axit trong X l
A. CH 3 COOH v HCOOH. B. HCOOH v HOOC-COOH.
C. HCOOH v CH 2 (COOH) 2 . D. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 COOH.
545
Cu 3: t chy hon ton m gam mt axit cacboxylic no, mch h, khng nhnh,
thu c 3,96 gam CO 2 v 1,35 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,19. B. 1,46. C. 4,33. D. 4,38.
Cu 4: X l mt axit cacboxylic, Y l mt este hai chc, mch h (c to ra khi
cho X phn ng vi ancol n chc Z). Cho 0,2 mol hn hp gm X v Y phn
ng hon ton vi dung dch KHCO 3 ly d, thu c 0,11 mol CO 2 . Mt khc,
t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp trn, thu c 0,69 mol CO 2 v m gam H 2 O.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,21. B. 10,68. C. 14,35. D. 8,82.
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm HCOOH v CH 3 COOH c s mol bng nhau. Ly 5,3 g
hn hp X cho tc dng vi 5,75 g C 2 H 5 OH (c H 2 SO 4 c lm xc tc) thu c
n
m (g) hn hp este (hiu sut cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr m l:
.v
A. 8,80 B. 7,04 C. 6,48 D. 8,10
om
hp X T/d va vi 200 ml dd NaOH 1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam
hn hp X cn V lt O 2 (ktc) sau cho ton b sn phm chy vo dd NaOH d
thy khi lng dd tng 40,3 gam. Gi tr ca V l:
.c
A. 17,36 lt B. 19,04 lt C. 19,60 lt D. 15,12 lt
Cu 7: Cho 8,64 gam mt axit n chc phn ng vi 144 ml dd KOH 1M. C cn
ok
dd sau phn ng c 14,544 gam cht rn. Cng thc ca axit l:
A. CH 3 COOH B. C 2 H 3 COOH C. HCOOH D. C 2 H 5 COOH
bo
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h Y v Z (phn t khi ca

Y nh hn ca Z). t chy hon ton a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H 2 O.
Mt khc, nu cho a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaHCO3, th thu c
et
1,6a mol CO2 . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Y trong X l:

vi
A. 35,41 B. 40,00 C. 25,41 D. 46,67

Cu 9: Cho 10,0 gam axit cacboxylic n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 400 ml
ng
dung dch gm KOH 0,15M v NaOH 0,10M. C cn dung dch thu c 10,36
gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca X l:
a
A. C 2 H 5 COOH B. HCOOH
C. C 2 H 3 COOH D. CH 3 COOH
kh
Cu 10: Hn hp A gm 2 axit cacboxylic no mch h. t chy hon ton a mol

hn hp A thu c a mol H 2 O. Mt khc a mol hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch
NaHCO 3 d thu c 1,4a mol CO 2 . Phn trm khi lng ca axit c phn t
khi nh hn trong A l:
A. 25,4% B. 60% C. 43,4% D. 56,6%
Cu 11: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml
dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn
hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca X l:
A. HCOOH. B. CH3 COOH.
C. C3H7 COOH. D. C2H5 COOH.
546
Cu 12: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic mch h. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch

NaHCO 3 va thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v dung dch Y. C cn dung
dch Y ri t chy ht ton b mui khan thu c th to ra cht rn T; hn hp
Z gm kh v hi. Cho Z vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy tch ra 20 gam kt ta.
Hai axit trong X l:
A. HCOOH v (COOH) 2 . B. CH 3 COOH v C 2 H 5 COOH.
C. HCOOH v CH 3 COOH. D. CH 3 COOH v (COOH) 2 .
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c Y v Z l 2 loi hp cht hu c n chc
c nhm chc khc nhau, phn t hn km nhau 1 nguyn t cacbon. Ly 0,1 mol
X tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,12 lt H 2 (ktc). Cng ly 0,1 mol X tham gia
phn ng trng bc thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Khi lng ca 0,1 mol hn hp X l:
n
.v
Cu 14. Hai cht hu c X v Y, thnh phn nguyn t u gm C, H, O, c cng
s nguyn t cacbon (M X < M Y ). Khi t chy hon ton mi cht trong oxi d
om
u thu c s mol H 2 O bng s mol CO 2 . Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X v Y phn
ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 thu c 28,08 gam Ag.
Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l:
.c
A. 60,34% B. 78,16% C. 39,66% D. 21,84%.
ok
Cu 15.Cho hn hp X gm mt andehit no n chc A,mt axit no a chc B,
mt este no a chc C u c mch khng phn nhnh.Khi lng mol phn t
trung bnh ca X l 88,8 .t chy hon ton 22,2 gam X thu c 25,76 lt kh
bo
CO 2 (ktc) v m gam H 2 O.Gi tr ca m l:

A. Khng xc nh B.21,6
et
C.18,0 D.19,8
Cu 16. Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn
vi
phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam H 2 O . Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8
ng
gam mui ca axit hu c Y v hp cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l:

A. etyl propionat B. etyl axetat
a
C. isopropyl axetat D. metyl propionat

kh
Cu 17: Cho 27,48 gam axit picric vo bnh kn dung tch 20 lt ri nung nng
nhit cao phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kh gm CO 2 , CO,
N 2 v H 2 . Gi bnh 12230C th p sut ca bnh l P atm. Gi tr ca P l:
A. 5,21. B. 6,624. C. 8,32. D. 7,724.
Cu 18: Trung ho 5,48 g hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic cn
dng 600ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn
hp rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 4,9g. B. 6,8g. C. 8,64g. D. 6,84g.
547
Cu 19: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp gm phenol, axit axetic tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH 2,5M th cn va 100 ml dung dch. % s mol ca phenol trong hn hp
l:
A. 18,49%. B. 40%. C. 41,08%. D. 14,49%.
Cu 20: t chy hon ton 17,6 gam mt Axit cacboxylic no X c sn phm
chy l CO 2 v H 2 O. Cho ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH) 2 d thy to c 80 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch trong bnh
gim so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 ban u l 30,4 gam. Xc nh s ng
phn cu to ca X?
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2
Cu 21: Rt t t 250 ml dung dch CH 3 COOH 1M vo 200 ml dung dch K 2 CO 3
n
1M sau khi phan ng hoan toan thu c V lt kh ktc. V c gi tr?
.v
A. 1,008 B. 1,12 C. 0,896 D. 1,344
Cu 22: t chy hon ton 0,02 mol hi 1 Axit no, n chc, mch h trong 0,1
om
mol O 2 , thu c hn hp kh v hi X. Cho X qua H 2 SO 4 c, thy cn 0,09 mol
kh khng b hp th. Axit c cng thc l:
A. HCOOH B. CH 3 COOH C. C 3 H 7 COOH
.c D. C 2 H 5 COOH
Cu 23: trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng
ok
200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l:
A. C 2 H 5 COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C 3 H 7 COOH. D. CH 3 COOH.
Cu 24.Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc A v mt ancol no
bo
n chc B (A v B u mch h v c khi lng phn t bng nhau). t chy

hon ton m gam hn hp X c 0,2 mol kh CO 2 . Cho m gam hn hp X tc
dng vi Na d thu c 0,84 lt H 2 (ktc). T l khi lng ca hai cht A v B
et
trong hn hp X l:
vi
A.1:1. B.1:3. C.1:4. D.1:2.

Cu 25: Chia 0,6 mol hn hp gm mt axit n chc v mt ancol n chc
ng
thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1: t chy hon ton, thu c 39,6 gam CO 2 .
Phn 2: un nng vi H 2 SO 4 c, thu c 10,2 gam este E (hiu sut 100%). t
chy ht lng E, thu c 22,0 gam CO 2 v 9,0 gam H 2 O. Nu bit s mol axit
a
nh hn s mol ancol th cng thc ca axit l:

kh
A. C 3 H 7 COOH. B. CH 3 COOH. C. C 2 H 5 COOH. D. HCOOH.

Cu 26: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit hu c n chc
X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi
mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag.
X tc dng c vi tt cc cc cht trong dy no sau y trong iu kin thch
hp?
A. Dung dch Br 2 , HCl, kh H 2 , dung dch KMnO 4 .
B. Ancol metylic, H 2 O, kh H 2 , phenol.
C. Phenol, dung dch Br 2 , kh H 2 .
548
D. Na 2 CO 3 , CuCl 2 , KOH.
Cu 27: t chy hon ton a gam axit cacboxylic khng no , n chc, mch
h trong gc hidrocacbon c cha 2 lin kt cn li l lin kt thu c 6,72 lt
CO 2 ( ktc) v 1,8 (g) H 2 O. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 3,5. B. 11,2. C. 8,4. D. 7,0.
Cu 28: Chia hn hp X gm axit axetic v andehit acrylic c cng s mol thnh
2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng ht vi NaHCO 3 thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc).
Phn 2 cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch Br 2 . s gam Br 2 tham gia phn ng l:
A. 8. B. 16. C. 24. D. 12.
Cu 29: Cho m(g) hn hp A gm axit cacboxylic X , Y ( s mol X = s mol Y) .
n
bit X no, n chc mch h v Y a chc , c mch cac bon h, khng phn
nhnh. tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,68 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Mt khc t chy hon
.v
ton m(g) hn hp A ni trn thu c 8,8g CO 2 . Phn trm khi lng ca X
om
trong hh l:
A. 30,25%. B. 69,75%. C. 40%. D. 60%.
Cu 30. Khi un nng 23,5 gam hn hp X gm ancol etylic v axit axetic c H2SO4 c
lm xc tc thu c 13,2 gam este. Mt khc t chy hon ton lng hn hp X
.c
thu c 20,7 gam nc. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l:
ok
A. 70%. B. 80%. C. 75%. D. 60%.
Cu 31: Axit malic (2-hiroxi butanioic) c trong qu to. Cho m gam axit malic
tc dng vi Na d thu c V1 lt kh H 2 . Mt khc, cho m gam axit malic tc
bo
dng vi NaHCO 3 d thu c V2 lt kh CO 2 (Th tch cc kh o cng iu

kin). Mi quan h gia V 1 v V 2 l:
et
A. V1 = 0,75V2. B. V1 = V2 C. V1 = 0,5V2. D. V1 = 1,5V2.

vi
Cu 32: Chia mt lng hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c (no, n chc, mch h,

ng ng lin tip) v ancol etylic thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho phn
ng
ng hon ton vi Na d, thu c 3,92 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn 2 em t chy hon

ton ri cho ton b sn phm sc vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 d, thy khi
lng bnh ng tng 56,7 gam v c 177,3 gam kt ta. Cng thc ca axit c
a
phn t khi ln hn v thnh phn % v khi lng ca n trong hn hp X l:

kh
A. C 4 H 6 O 2 v 20,7%. B. C 3 H 6 O 2 v 71,15%.
C. C 4 H 8 O 2 v 44,6%. D. C 3 H 6 O 2 v 64,07%.
Cu 33: Hp cht hu c X (thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) c mch cacbon
khng phn nhnh. Cho X phn ng vi Na thu c kh H 2 c s mol bng s mol
ca X tham gia phn ng. Mt khc, 13,5 gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH (d) thu c 16,8 gam mui. Bit X phn ng vi CuO un nng, to ra
sn phm c kh nng tham gia trng bc. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH 3 -CH(OH)-COOH. B. CH 3 -CH 2 - COOH.
C. CH 2 OH-CH 2 -COOH. D. CH 2 OH-CH=CH-COOH.
549
Cu 34: Hn hp A gm axit aipic v mt axit cacboxylic n chc X (X khng

c phn ng trng gng). Bit 3,26 gam A phn ng c ti a vi 50 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong A l
A. 34,867%. B. 55,215%. C. 64,946%. D. 29,375%.
Cu 35: t chy hon ton m gam mt axit cacboxylic no (mch cacbon h v
khng phn nhnh), thu c 1,344 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 0,9 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca
m l:
A. 0,6. B. 1,46. C. 2,92. D. 0,73.
Cu 36: Cho 27,6 gam hp cht thm X c cng thc C 7 H 6 O 3 tc dng vi 800
ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch Y. trung ha ton b Y cn 100 ml
dung dch H 2 SO 4 1M thu c dung dch Z. Khi lng cht rn khan thu c
n
khi c cn dung dch Z l:
.v
om
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN S 2
Cu 1: Chn p n C .c
Tnh c s mol A = 0,05 mol.
ok
C tb = 0,08/0,05 = 1,6; H tb = 2 nn X, Y l C 2 H 2 v CH 2 O z . Bo ton cacbon
tnh c s mol X, Y v tm c Z = 1. m = 0,03 . 240 + 0,02 . 4 . 108 =
15,84 (gam).
bo
Cu 2: Chn p n B
n X = 0,15(mol)
do X phi c 1 axit n chc v 1 axit a chc (Loi A,
et
n NaOH = 0,25(mol)
D ngay)
vi
n n chc a==a + b 0,15

= a 0,05 n n chc 0,1(mol)
ng
0,15 0,3
n a=
chc
b a +=2b 0,25 =
b 0,1 n a=
chc
0,2(mol)
Cu 3: Chn p n A
a
Ch : Mch khng nhnh ch c th l n chc hoc 2 chc

kh
n CO2 = 0,09(mol) 2
X : RO 4 =
n X n CO2 n=
H 2O 0,015(mol)
n
H 2O = 0,075(mol)
=
BTKL
m (C,= H,O) 0,09.12 + 0,075.2 + 0,015.4.16
= 2,19(gam)
Cu 4: Chn p n D
= n CO 0,11(mol) HOOC R COOH : 0, 055
0,2 2
n este = 0,145(mol)
550
HOOC COOH : 0, 055

BTNT.cacbon

CH 3 OOC COOCH 3 : 0,145
0,98

BTNT.hidro
=
n H 0, 055.2 + 0,145.6
= 0,98 m=
H2 O =.18 8,82(gam)
2
Cu 5: Chn p n C
Quy hn hp X gm HCOOH v CH 3 COOH thnh 1 axit chung RCOOH ( R= 8)
n X = 0,1(mol)
= m este 0,1.0,8(RCOOC
= 2H5 ) 6, 48(gam)
n ancol = 0,125(mol)
Cu 6: Chn p n A
n
.v
X : C n H 2n O2
Chay
nCO2 + nH 2 O
n CO2 = a(mol)
om
n=
X 0,2(mol) 44a + 18a
= 40,3 =
a 0,65(mol)
n H 2O = a(mol)

BTNT.oxi
0,2.2 += 2n O2 0,65.3 =n O2 0,775(mol)
.c
Cu 7: Chn p n B
ok
2,16

BTKL
8,64 + 0,144.56
= 14,544 + m H2O = n H2O = = 0,12 n axit
18
bo
8,64
M axit = = 72
0,12
Cu 8: Chn p n C
et
t chy hon ton a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H 2 O C Y v Z

u c 2 nguyn t H trong phn t.
vi
HCOOH : x =
x + y 1 = x 0, 4(mol)
Cho a =1 ta c :
ng
HOOC COOH : y x +
= 2y 1,6 = y 0,6(mol)
46.0, 4
%HCOOH
= = 25, 41%
a
46.0, 4 + 90.0,6
kh
Cu 9: Chn p n C
4,6

BTKL
10 + 0,06.56 + 0,04.40
= 10,36 + m H 2O n=
H 2O = 0,255(mol)
18
V l
RCOOK : 0,06
Do axit d 10,36 R = 27 CH 2 = CH
RCOONa : 0,04
Cu 10: Chn p n C
t chy hon ton a mol hn hp A thu c a mol H 2 O A c 2 H.
551
HCOOH : x = x + y 1 = x 0,6(mol)
Cho a =1 ta c:
HOOC COOH : y x + = 2y 1, 4 = y 0, 4(mol)
%HCOOH = 43, 4%
Cu 11: Chn p n B
1,08

BTKL
3,6 + 0,5.0,12.(56 +=40) 8,28 + m H 2O ; =
n H 2O = 0,06(mol)
18
3,6
n axit = 0,06 M X = = 60(mol)
0,06
Cu 12: Chn p n A
n
= n n= CaCO3 0,2(mol)
Ta c:
.v
n CO2 = 0, 4 n COOH = n COONa = 0, 4(mol)
om
hiu tng gii ca mnh cc bn hy t tr li cu hi.C trong X i u
Na CO : 0,2 BTNT.C
ri? 2 3 n Ctrong
= X
=
n X 0, 4(mol)
CO
2 : 0,2 .c
Do ,s nhm COOH phi bng s C
Cu 13: Chn p n D
ok
n X = 0,1(mol)
V X l n chc v C hai cht Y v Z u tc dng vi Na.
bo
n H 2 = 0,05(mol)
HCOOH : 0,05
X c trng bc X mX = 4,6(gam)
et
C 2 H 5OH : 0,05
Cu 14. Chn p n D
vi
Khi t cho s mol H 2 O bng s mol CO 2 nn c X v Y u c 1 lin kt

ng
trong phn t.
n X + Y = 0,1 X : HCHO : x mol =x + y 0,1 = x 0,03
Ta c:
a
n Ag = 0,26 Y : HCOOH :y mol 4x= + 2y 0,26=y 0,07

kh
0, 03.30

= %HCHO = .100 21,84%
0, 03.30 + 0, 07.46
Cu 15. Chn p n C
V X u gm cc cht mch thng nn B v C l cc cht no 2 chc
Ta quy X v :
=Cn H 2n O : a a + b 0, 25= a 0,1

Cm H 2m 2 O 2 : b 1,15.14 + 16a + (32 =
2).b 22, 2 = b 0,15

BTNT.H
n H2=
O n CO2 =
b 1,15 0,15
= 1 m
= 18 Chn C
552
Cu 16. Chn p n D
Ta c:
n CO2 = 0,2(mol) BTKL 4, 4 0,2.12 0,2.2
n Otrong
= X
= 0,1 =
n X 0, 05(mol)
n H2 O = 0,2(mol) 16
4,4
=M X = 88
0,05
C 2 H 5COOCH 3
M 4,8
= = 96 R = 29
RCOONa 0,05
Cu 17: Chn p n B
n
N 2 : 0,18
.v

27,48 H : 0,18 = a + b 0,72
= a 0,6
=
n HOC 6 H2 (NO = 0,12 BTNT
2
om
2 )3
229 CO : a a=+ 2b 0,84 =b 0,12
CO2 : b

nRT (0,18 + 0,18 + 0,72).0,082.(273 + 1223)
.c
=
p = = 6,624
V 20
Cu 18: Chn p n B
ok

BTKL
5,48 + 0,6.0,1.40
= m + 0,6.0,1.18 =
m 6,8
Cu 19: Chn p n B
bo
C H OH : a(mol) 94a + 60b =18, 4

18, 4 6 5
CH 3COOH : b(mol) a += = 0,25
b n NaOH
et
a = 0,1(mol) 0,1
vi
%phenol = = 40%
b = 0,15(mol) 0,25
ng
Cu 20: Chn p n B
BTNT.C
=
n CO2 =n CaCO3 0,8(mol)

a
Ta c: 14,4
m= 80 (0,8.44 + m H 2= 30,4 n H= = 0,8(mol)
BTKL
O)
kh
2O
18
X no n chc.
17,6 0,8.12 0,8.2
BTKL
n Otrong
= X
= 0,4 =n X 0,2(mol)
16
CH 3COOC2 H 5
17,6
MX = =88 C2 H 5 COOCH 3
0, 2
HCOOC3 H 7 (2 dp)
553
Cu 21: Chn p n B
n CO2 = 0,2(mol)
Ta c: 3 0,25 = 0,2 + n CO2 n CO2 = 0,05 V = 1,12
n CH 3COOH = 0,25(mol)
Cu 22: Chn p n D
Bi ton ny c th th p n.Chng ta cng c th lm nhanh nh sau :
nCO 2 : 0,02n

0,02 Cn H 2n O 2 nH 2 O : 0,02n
O2
0,12 0,03n + 0,02n = 0,09
du
O 2 : 0,1 + 0,02 0,03n
n=
n
3
Cu 23: Chn p n D
.v
200.2,24 6,72
Ta c: n NaOH= = 0,112(mol) M Y= = 60
om
100.40 0,112
Cu 24. Chn p n D
Do c A v B l n chc nn c ngay : n H=
2
0,0375 n=
.c X 0,075; =
C 2,67
CH 3COOH : a(mol) =a + b 0,075

= a 0,025 m A 1
=
ok

CH 3CH 2 CH 2 OH : b(mol) 2a=+ 3b 0,2 =b 0,05 mB 2
Cu 25: Chn p n D
bo
n CO2 = 0,5(mol)
Khi t chy E:
n H2O = 0,5(mol)
et
C n H 2 n O2 nCO2 0,5
(14n + 32=) 10,2 n= 5
vi

10,2 0,5mol n
E l no n chc
ng
0,5
mol
n
a
0,9
t chy phn 1: n CO2 = 0,9 C = = 3(mol)
0,3
kh
Ta th p n ngay: TH 1 nu 1 cht c 2 cacbon v 1 cht c 3 cc bon (loi)

TH 2 : Mt cht c 1 cc bon v 1 cht c 4 cc bon
HCOOH : a = a + b 0,3= b 0,2
0,3 (tha mn )
C 4 H10 O : b a =
+ 4b 0,9 =
a 0,1
Cu 26: Chn p n A

(
HCOOH : 0,1 n Ag =
0,2 )
0,1 += = 0,15 =
b n NaOH b 0,05
RCOOH : b
554

BTKL
0,1.46 + 0,05.(R += 45) 8,2 = R 27 CH = 2 CH COOH
A. Dung dch Br 2 , HCl, kh H 2 , dung dch KMnO 4 . ng
B. Ancol metylic, H 2 O, kh H 2 , phenol. Sai. V c phenol
C. Phenol, dung dch Br 2 , kh H 2 . Sai. V c phenol
D. Na 2 CO 3 , CuCl 2 , KOH. Sai. V c CuCl 2
Cu 27: Chn p n D
V a xit c tng cng 3 lin kt nn :
0,3 0,1
n CO2 n H 2O = 2n axit n axit = = 0,1 n Otrong axit = 0,2(mol)
2
=
BTKL
a m(C, =H,O) 0,3.12 + 0,1.2 += 0,2.16 7(gam)
n
Cu 28: Chn p n B
.v
=n CO2 0,05
BTNT.C
n CH=2 CH
= CHO n CH=
3 COOH
0,05(mol)
n= = 0,1(mol) =
2.0,05 m 16(gam)
om
Br2
Ch : Phn ng gia Brom vo nhm CHO khng phi phn ng cng.

Cu 29: Chn p n C
V Y mch khng nhnh nn Y c hai chc.
.c
C n H 2n O2 : a
=; n H2 0,075; a=
+ 2a 0,075.2 =
a 0,05
ok

C m H 2m 2 O 4 : a
n CO2 = 0,2 0,05(n + m)= 0,2 n + m= 4
bo
HCOOH : 0,05 46
Trng hp 1: %X
= = 30,67
HOOC CH COOH : 0,05 46 + 104
et
(Khng c p n)
vi
CH COOH : 0,05 60
Trng hp 2: 3 %X = = 40%
HOOC COOH : 0,05 60 + 90
ng
Cu 30. Chn p n C
C H O : a(mol) 46a + 60b = 23,5 a = 0,25(mol)
a
23,5 2 6 BTNT.Hidro
CH 3COOH : b(mol) 6a + 4b = 1,15.2 b = 0,2(mol)
kh
13,2 0,15
n este= = 0,15 H= = 75%
88 0,2
Cu 31: Chn p n A
Axit malic HOOC CH(OH) CH 2 COOH .m gam axit tng ng vi a
mol :
a mol malic Na
n H2 = 1,5a V 1,5
1 = = 0,75
a mol malic
NaHCO3
n CO2 = 2a V2 2
555
Cu 32: Chn p n D
Ta c: n H2 =
0,175 n ancol + axit =
0,175.2 =
0,35
Vi phn 2 ta c :
n CO= n=

0,9
2
56,7 0,9.44 n ancol = n H 2O n CO2 = 0,05 n axit = 0,3(mol)
= n H 2O = 0,95
18
0,9 0,05.2 CH 3COOH : a(mol) a + b = 0,3
n= = 2,67
0,3 C 2 H 5COOH : b(mol) 2a + 3b = 0,8
a = 0,1(mol)

n
b = 0,2(mol)
.v
Cu 33: Chn p n C
n H= n X loi B ngay
om
2
0
X + CuO t
cho sn phm trng c Ag (Loi A ngay)
3,3 13,5
m= 16,8 13,5
= 3,3 n= X = 0,15 M= .c
X = 90
23 1 0,15
Cu 34: Chn p n B
ok
Vi nhng bi ton kiu ny ta nn th ngay. Khng nn bin lun s mt rt
nhiu thi gian.Khi ta th m thy c p s th chn lun.
bo
HOOC [ CH 2 ]4 COOH : a(mol) 2a + b = 0,05

n NaOH =0,05(mol)
CH 3COOH : b(mol) 146a + 60b = 3,26
et
a = 0,01(mol)

b = 0,03(mol)
vi
Cu 35: Chn p n B
ng
V mch l thng nn ch xy ra axit l n chc hoc 2 chc.

n CO2 = 0,06(mol)
a
V nn axit l 2 chc
n H2 O = 0,05(mol)
kh
n axit = n CO2 n H 2O = 0,06 0,05 = 0,01 n Otrong oxit = 0,01.4 = 0,04(mol)

=
BTKL
m 0,06.12 + 0,05.2 +=
0,04.16 1, 46(gam)
Cu 36: Chn p n B
n X = 0,2(mol) C 6 H 4 O2 Na 2 : 0,2(mol)

=n NaOH 0,8(mol) =
BTNT
m Z 58,6(gam) Na 2 SO 4 : 0,1(mol)
n HCOONa : 0,2(mol)
H2SO4 = 0,1(mol)
556
CON NG T DUY S 26
K XO GII BI TON CHT BO
(1). Cc bn cn nh 4 loi axit cu to nn cht bo l :
Axit panmitic: C 15 H 31 COOH M = 256
Axit stearic : C 17 H 35 COOH M = 284
Axit oleic : C 17 H 33 COOH M = 282
Axit linoleic : C 17 H 31 COOH M = 280
(2). Phng trnh thy phn cht bo.
V d :
( C17 H35COO )3 C3H5 + 3NaOH 3C17 H 35COONa + C3H 5 ( OH )3
n
.v
m Chat bo =
+ m NaOH m X phng + m Glixezol
BTKL

Ta lun c: =
n NaOH n= 3n=
om
X phng Chat bo 3n Glixezol
(3). Ch s axit l s mg KOH cn trung ha lng axit d c trong 1 gam
cht bo. .c
Ch : Thng th bi s cho tc dng vi NaOH cc bn cn ch quy i.
Khi cht bo c axit d (NaOH va ) th :
ok
BTKL
m Chat bo =
+ m NaOH m X phng + m Glixezol + m H2 O

= n NaOH 3n Glixezol + n H2O
bo
(4). Ch s este l s mg KOH cn tc dng ht lng cht bo c trong 1

et
gam cht bo.

(5). Ch s x phng = ch s axit + ch s este.
vi
HNG DN P DNG
ng
Cu 1: X phng ho hon ton 2,5 gam cht bo cn 50 ml dd KOH 0,1M. Ch s

x phng ho ca cht bo l:
a
A. 280 B. 140 C. 112 D. 224

kh
Ta c: n KOH = 0,005 m KOH = 280(mg)

280
Ch s x phng l=
:I = 112
2,5
Cu 2: Mt loi m cha 50% olein, 30% panmitin v 20% stearin. Tnh khi
lng x phng natri 72% c iu ch t 1 tn m ?
A. 733,4 kg B. 1434,1 kg C. 1466,8 kg D. 1032,6 kg
Nh 4 loi axit bo quan trng sau:
Axit panmitic: C 15 H 31 COOH M = 256
557
Axit stearic: C 17 H 35 COOH M = 284

Axit oleic: C 17 H 33 COOH M = 282
Axit linoleic: C 17 H 31 COOH M = 280
Ta dng BTKL m este + m NaOH = m xa phong + m ancol
0,5 0,3 0,2
n este ==
n ancol + + 1,16254.103
=
41 + 281.3 41 + 255.3 41 + 283.3

BTKL
1 + 3.1,16254.10 3.40
= m + 1,16254.10 3.92 =
m 1,03255(gam)
1,03255
Khi lng x phng 72% l=
: m 72% = 1, 4341(gam)
0,72
n
Cu 3: Mt cht bo l trieste ca mt axit v axit t do cng c cng cng thc
.v
vi axit cha trong cht bo. Ch s x phng ha ca mu cht bo ny l 208,77
v ch s axit t do bng 7. Axit cha trong cht bo trn l:
om
A. Axit stearic B. Axit oleic
C. Axit linoleic D. Axit panmitic.
Gi s c 1 kg cht bo (1000 gam) .c
208,77 7
Ta c: n =
KOH
56
= 3,728 trung ho a axit
n KOH = 0,125
56
= = nH O
ok
2
3,728 0,125

BTKL
1000 +=
208,77 m RCOOK + 0,125.18 + .92
3
bo
m RCOOK =
1096,028 (gam)
1096,028
et
R + 44 + 39= = 294 R= 211 C15 H 31

3,728
vi
Cu 4: X phng ho hon ton 13,44 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn

120,064 kg dung dch NaOH 15%. Khi lng glixerol thu c l:
ng
A.13,8045 kg. B. 13,8075 kg. C. 13,75584 kg. D. 10,3558 kg

13,44kg 13,44
Ta c: n KOH
trung ho a
= n NaOH
trung ho a
= .7 = 1,68 (mol)
a
chso axit = 7 56
kh
n = 450,24 n=
n
n trung
NaOH
hoa
NaOH
=
450,24 1,68
= 149,52(mol)
NaOH gli
3 3
= = 1375584(gam)
m gli 149,52.92
Cu 5: x phng ho 35 kg triolein cn 4,939 kg NaOH thu c 36,207 kg x
phng. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l:
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
36, 207.1000
Ta c: n=X phng n=
RCOONa = 119,102 mol
304
558
4,939.1000
n Trung
NaOH =
ha
119,102
= 4,375mol n Trung
KOH = 4,375(mol)
ha
40
4,375.56

= m KOH = .1000 7mg ch s axit = 7
35000
Cu 6: Mt loi cht bo c ch s x phng ho l 188,72 cha axit stearic v
tristearin. trung ho axit t do c trong 100 g mu cht bo trn th cn bao
nhiu ml dung dch NaOH 0,05 M:
A. 100 ml B. 675 ml C. 200 ml D. 125 ml
=
Ta c: I X phng 188,72.103 m=
KOH 188,72.103=
.100 18,872 (gam)
n
18,872
n KOH = n NaOH = = 0,337(mol)
56
.v
n NaOH = n axit + 3n tristearin = 0,337mol
Li c :
om
m chtbo = 284 n axit + 890 n tristearin = 100g
n= 0,01 ( mol ) n NaOH
= 0,01
V dd NaOH = 200 ml
axit
n tristearin = 0,109 ( mol )

.c
BI TP RN LUYN
ok
Cu 1: t chy hon ton m gam cht bo X cha tristearin, tripanmitin, axit
stearic v axit panmitic. Sau phn ng thu c 13,44 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 10,44 gam
bo
nc. X phng ho m gam X (hiu sut 90%) thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr

ca m l:
et
A. 0,828. B. 2,484. C. 1,656. D. 0,920.

Cu 2: Mt loi cht bo cha 89% tristearin. Th tch dung dch NaOH 1,0M cn
vi
dng este ho hon ton lng trieste c trong 100 gam loi cht bo trn l
ng
A. 100 ml B. 300 ml. C. 200 ml. D. 250 ml

a
A. 13,8045 kg. B. 13,8075 kg C. 13,75584 kg. D. 10,3558 kg

kh
Cu 4: x phng ho 10 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, ngi ta un cht

bo vi dd cha 1,42 kg NaOH. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, mun trung ho
NaOH d cn 500 ml dd HCl 1M. Khi lng x phng nguyn cht to ra l:
Cu 5: X phng ha hon ton 100gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn a gam
dd NaOH 25% thu c 9,43 gam grixerol v b gam mui natri. Gi tr ca a,b ln
lt l:
A. 49,2 v 103,37 B. 49,2 v 103,145
C. 51,2 v 103,37 D. 51,2v103,145
559
Cu 6. Cho X l este ca glyxerol vi axit cacboxylic n chc, mch h. un

nng 7,9 gam X vi dung dch NaOH ti khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
8,6 gam hn hp mui. tnh s gam glyxerol thu c?
Cu 7. Gi s mt cht bo c cng thc: (C17 H35COO) , (C17 H31COO) ,
(C17 H33COO) , C3 H 5 . Mun iu ch 20 kg x phng t cht bo ny th cn dng
bao nhiu kg cht bo ny tc dng vi dd xt? Coi phn ng xy ra hon ton.
A. 19,39kg B. 25,80kg C. 20,54 D. 21,50
Cu 8. tc dng ht 100g mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 phi dng
17,92g KOH. Tnh khi lng mui thu c?
n
A. 109,813g B. 107,482g C. 108,265g D. 98,25g
.v
Cu 9: thu phn hon ton 8,58 kg mt loi cht bo cn va 1,2 kg
NaOH, thu c 0,368 kg glixerol v hn hp mui ca axit bo. Bit mui ca
om
cc axit bo chim 60% khi lng x phng. Khi lng x phng ti a c th
thu c l:
A. 9,088kg. B. 15,147kg. C. 15,69kg.
.c D. 16kg.
Cu 10. trung ho 10 gam mt cht bo c ch s axit l 5,6 th khi lng
ok
NaOH cn dng l:
Cu 11: X phng ha hon ton 1 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 2,8 ngi ta cn
bo
dng 350 ml KOH 1M. Khi lng glixerol thu c l:

et
Cu 12: X phng ha hon ton 89 gam cht bo X bng dung dch KOH thu
c 9,2 gam glixerol v m gam x phng. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 80,6. B. 85,4. C. 91,8. D. 96,6.

Cu 13: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X cha hn hp cc triglixerit to bi
ng
t c 3 axit panmitic, oleic, linoleic thu c 24,2 gam CO2 v 9 gam H 2 O. Nu x

phng ha hon ton 2m gam hn hp X bng dung dch KOH va s thu c
a
bao nhiu gam x phng ?

kh
A. 11,90. B. 18,64. C. 21,40. D. 19,60.

Cu 14: Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. Khi thy phn hon ton
2,145 kg cht bo cn dng 0,3 kg NaOH, thu c 0,092 kg glixerol v m (kg) hn
hp mui natri. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,765. B. 2,610. C. 2,272. D. 2,353.
Cu 15: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt loi cht bo X thu c CO 2 v H 2 O
hn km nhau 0,6 mol. Tnh th tch dung dch Br 2 0,5M ti a phn ng ht
vi 0,3 mol cht bo X?
A. 0,36 lt. B. 2,40 lt. C. 1,20 lit. D. 1,60 lt.
560
Cu 16: Thy phn hon ton 110,75 gam mt cht bo trong mi trng axit thu
c 11,5 gam glixerol v hn hp 2 axit A, B trong 2 > m A : m B > 1. Hai axit
A, B ln lt l:
A. C 17 H 33 COOH v C 17 H 35 COOH. B. C 17 H 35 COOH v C 17 H 31 COOH.
C. C 17 H 31 COOH v C 17 H 35 COOH. D. C 17 H 35 COOH v C 17 H 33 COOH.
Cu 17: x phng ha 10 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, ngi ta un cht
bo vi dd cha 1,420 kg NaOH . Sau khi phn ng hon ton , trung ha
NaOH d cn 500ml HCl 1M. Khi lng glixerol to thnh l:
A. 1,035kg B. 1,07kg C. 3,22kg D. 3,105kg
Cu 18: x phng ha 10 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 7,ngi ta un cht
bo vi dung dch cha 1,420 kg NaOH. Sau khi phn ng hon ton trung ha
n
NaOH d cn 500ml HCl 1M. Khi lng glixerin(glixerol) to thnh l:
.v
A. 1,035 kg B. 1,07 kg C. 3,22kg D. 3,105kg
om
Cu 19. X phng ha hon ton 21,45 kg cht bo cn dng 3 g NaOH, thu c 0,92
g glixerol v m (g) hn hp mui natri. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 37,65. B. 26,10. C. 23,53. D. 22,72.
.c
Cu 20: X phng ha hon ton 200 gam cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn ti a
x gam dung dch NaOH 25 % thu c 18,86 gam glixerol v y gam mui natri.
ok
Gi tr ca x v y l:
A. 98,4 v 206,74 B. 102,4 v 206,29
bo
C. 102,4 v 283,09 D. 98,4 v 206,29

et
A.13,8045 kg. B. 13,8075 kg.

vi
C. 13,75584 kg. D. 10,3558 kg

Cu 22: X phng ha hon ton 89 gam cht bo X bng dung dch KOH thu
ng
c 9,2 gam glixerol v m gam x phng. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 80,6. B. 85,4. C. 91,8. D. 96,6.
Cu 23: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt loi cht bo X thu c CO 2 v H 2 O
a
hn km nhau 0,6 mol. Tnh th tch dung dch Br 2 0,5M ti a phn ng ht

kh
vi 0,3 mol cht bo X ?

A. 0,36 lt. B. 2,40 lt. C. 1,20 lit. D. 1,60 lt.
Cu 24. Cho m gam cht bo to bi axit panmitic v axit oleic tc dng ht vi
dung dch NaOH va thu c dung dch X cha 129 gam hn hp 2 mui. Bit
1/2 dung dch X lm mt mu va vi 0,075 mol Br 2 trong CCl 4 . Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 128,70. B. 64,35. C. 124,80. D. 132,90.
Cu 25: X phong ho 795,6 kg cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn 170,52 kg dung
dch NaOH 15%. Khi lng glixerol thu c l (gi s phn ng hon ton v
561
ch s axit l s mg KOH dng trung ho ht lng axit t do c trong 1 gam

cht bo).
A.16,56kg B.13,8kg C.13,86kg D.17,94kg
Cu 26: Mt loi m cha 50% olein, 30% panmitin v 20% stearin. Tnh khi
lng x phng natri 72% c iu ch t 1 tn m ?
A. 733,4 kg B. 1434,1 kg C. 1466,8 kg D. 1032,6 kg
Cu 27: Cho 0,1 mol tristearin ((C 17 H 35 COO) 3 C 3 H 5 ) tc dng hon ton vi dung
dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 27,6. B. 4,6. C. 14,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 28. Mt cht bo l trieste ca mt axit v axit t do cng c cng cng thc
n
vi axit cha trong cht bo. Ch s x phng ha ca mu cht bo ny l 208,77
.v
v ch s axit t do bng 7. Axit cha trong cht bo trn l :
A. Axit stearic B. Axit oleic C. Axit linoleic D. Axit panmitic.
om
Cu 29: X phng ho hon ton 2,5 gam cht bo cn 50 ml dd KOH 0,1M. Ch
s x phng ho ca cht bo l:
A. 280 B. 140 C. 112 D. 224
.c
Cu 30. Cht bo trung tnh X c ch s x phng ha l 198,24. T 400 kg X thu
c m kg x phng Nat ri nguyn cht (hiu sut 100%). Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 413,216. B. 433,26. C. 445,034. D. 468,124.
Cu 31: trung ha lng axit t do c trong 140 gam mt mu cht bo cn
bo
150ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l:

A. 4,8 B. 7,2 C. 6,0 D. 5,5.
Cu 32. trung ha 20 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn dng
et
dung dch cha m gam NaOH. Gi tr ca m l:

vi
A. 0,150. B. 0,280. C. 0,100. D. 0,14.

Cu 33: t chy hon ton m gam cht bo X (cha triglixerit ca axit stearic,axit
ng
panmitic v cc axit bo t do ). Sau phn ng thu c 13,44 lt CO 2 (ktc) v

10,44 gam nc. X phng ho m gam X (H=90%) th thu c khi lng
glixerol l:
a

kh
Cu 34: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt loi cht bo th thu c CO 2 v H 2 O

hn km nhau 0,6 mol. Cho 0,3 mol cht bo tc dng ti a vi V lt dung dch
Br 2 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,36 lt B. 3,6 lt C. 1,2 lt D. 2,4 lt
Cu 35: Hp cht hu c X a chc c cng thc phn t C 9 H 14 O 6 . Thc hin
phn ng x phng ha hon ton X sn phm thu c l hn hp 2 mui ca 2
axit hu c n chc (trong c 1 axit c mch cacbon phn nhnh) v hp cht
hu c a chc Y. em 13,08 gam X tham gia phn ng trng bc th khi lng
Ag ln nht thu c l:
562
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n A
Cc cht trong X u l cht no.este n 3 chc nn c 3 lin kt
n CO2 n H 2O =2n este =0,6 0,58 =0,02 n este =0,01(mol)
H = 80% n este = 0,009 = n gli m = 0,828(gam)
Cu 2: Chn p n B
89
M tristearin =
890 n tristearin = = 0,1 n NaOH = 0,3(mol) B
890
Cu 3: Chn p n C
n
13, 44kg 13, 44
n trung
KOH
hoa
= n trung
NaOH
hoa
= .7 = 1,68 (mol)
chi so axit = 7
.v
56
n NaOH= 450,24 n= n
n NaOH
trung hoa
450,24 1,68
om
gli =
NaOH
= 149,52(mol)
3 3
= = 1375584(gam)
m gli 149,52.92
Cu 4: Chn p n C .c
NaOH phan.ung = 35,5 0,5 = 35(mol)
HCl : 0,5(mol)
ok
NaOH du = 0,5(mol)
10kg
bo

chi.so.axit =
7 n KOH = n NaOH = 1,25
35 1,25

BTKL
10000 + 35.40
= m + 1,25.18 + .92 =
m C
et
3
Cu 5: Chn p n D
vi
chso Iot = 7 n KOH =

n NaOH =
0,0125(mol)

ng
n gli = 0,1025(mol)
n NaOH = 0,0125 + 3.0,1025= 0,32(mol) = a 51,2
a
BTKL
100 + 12,8
= b + 9,43 + 0,0125.18 =b 103,145
kh
Cu 6. Chn p n A
CH 2 OOCR
7,9 8,6
a mol CH OOCR 3aRCOONa 3. = = R 47,667
173 + 3R R + 44 + 23
CH 2 OOCR
= a 0,025 A
Cu 7. Chn p n A
20.884
1Cht bo + 3NaOH x phng + grixerol = m = A
912
563
Cu 8. Chn p n C
100g
n trung.hoa
KOH =
0,0125(mol)
chi.so.axit = 7

BTKL
100 + 17,92
= m + 0,0125.18 + 0,1025.92 =
m 108,265(gam)
Nh: Ch s axit l s mg KOH cn trung ha lng axit d c trong 1 gam
cht bo.Nhng bi ton cc bn ch p dng BTKL v nh t l s mol gia
cc cht.
Cu 9: Chn p n B
n Glixerol = 4(mol)
n H2 O =30 4.3 =18(mol)
n
n NaOH = 30(mol)
.v
9, 088

BTKL
8580 + 1200
= m + 368 + 18.18 =
m 9088(gam) m xa phong
= = B
0, 6
om
Cu 10. Chn p n D
Nh: Ch s axit l s mg KOH cn trung ha 1 gam cht bo.
Nhng bi ton kiu ny ta p dng nhanh BTKL.Nu bi ton yu cu tnh KL
.c
mui
5,6.10
ok
m KOH = n NaOH =n KOH =0,001(mol) m NaOH =D
1000
Cu 11: Chn p n B
bo
1000 gam chat beo trong chat beo 0,35 0,05

nKOH =0,05 nGlixerol = =0,1(mol)
chi so axit = 2,8 3
et
Cu 12: Chn p n D
vi
9, 2
n=
gli = 0,1(mol) n KOH
= 0,3
BTKL
89 + 0,3.56
= m + 9, 2 =
m 96, 6(gam)
92
ng
Cu 13: Chn p n B
Ch : Axit oleic c 1 lin kt trong mch cac bon
a
Axit linoleic c 2 lin kt trong mch cc bon

kh
Do : X s c tng cng 6 lin kt :

C ngay(vi m gam X) :
n CO2 n H 2O = 5n X = 0,55 0,5 = 0,05 n X = 0,01(mol)
m X = m C + m H + m O = 0,55.12 + 0,5.2 + 0,01.6.16 = 8,56(gam)
=n 0,02
= n glixerol BTKL
Vi 2m gam X: X m X=
+ m KOH m xa phong + m glixerol
m X = 17,12
17,12 + 0,02.3.56
= m xa phong + 1,84 m xa pho=
ng
18,64(gam)
564
Cu 14: Chn p n C

BTKL
= m + 0,092.1000 + ( 7,5 3) .18 =
2145 + 0,3.1000 m 2272(gam)
Cu 15: Chn p n B
nCO2 nH 2O =6n X 7
V =
2, 4
4 .tu.do nBr2 = 0,3.4 = 1, 2
Cu 16: Chn p n B
41

n Gli = 0,125(mol) M beo = 886 = 2R1COO 2R1 + R 2 = 713 = 2C17 H 35 + C17 H 31
R COO
2
n
Cu 17: Chn p n A
.v
n HCl = n du = 0,5 n phan ng =
35

om
NaOH NaOH
10kg
n KOH =n NaOH =1,25 =n nc
chso axit = 7
BTKL
10000 + 35,5.40
= m + 1,25.18 +
.c
35 1,25
.92 =
m A
3
ok
Cu 18: Chn p n A
n NaOH = 35,5
bo
n NaOH
pu
= 35
n HCl = 0,5

70
et
trung ho a trung ho a
chso iot = 7 n KOH n NaOH
= = 1,15
=
56
vi
35 1,25
n Gli = = 11,25 m Gli = 1035
3
ng
Cu 19. Chn p n D
BTKL : 21,45 + 3 = m + 0,92 + (0,075 0,03).18
a
m = 22,72 (gam)
kh
Cu 20: Chn p n B
m Chat beo = 200

trung hoa
n KOH = n trung
NaOH
hoa
= 0,025(mol)
chi so iot = 7
n NaOH = 0,025 + 3n glixerol
phan ng
= 0,025 + 3.0,205 = 0,64 =
x 102,4
BTKL
200 + 0,25.x
= y + 18,86 + 0,025.18 =
y 206,29
565
Cu 21: Chn p n C
13,44kg 13,44
n KOH
trung ho a
= n NaOH
trung ho a
= .7 = 1,68 (mol)
chso axit = 7 56
nNaOH nNaOH trung ho a
450,24 1,68
NaOH
n = 450,24 n =
gli
3
=
3
= 149,52
= m gli 149,52.92
= 1375584
Cu 22: Chn p n D
9,2
n=gli = 0,1 n KOH = 0,3 BTKL
89 + 0,3.56
= m + 9,2 = m 96,6
92
n
Cu 23: Chn p n B
.v
Ta c: n CO2 n H2O =0,6 =6n X X c 7 lin kt .Trong c 4 lin kt tham
gia phn ng cng vi dung dch Brom.
om
1, 2
n Br2 = 0,3.4 = 1, 2 V = = 2, 4
0,5
Cu 24. Chn p n C
.c
(RCOO)3 C3H 5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H 5 (OH)3
ok
m gam 0,45mol 0,45mol 0,15mol
n C17 H 33COONa = n Br2 = 0,075( mol )
bo
129
- 304.0,075
n C15H 31COONa = 2 = 0,15( mol )
et
278
n RCOONa = (0,15 + 0,075)2 = 0,45mol
vi
m = 129 + 92.0,15 - 0,45.40 = 124,8gam

ng
Cu 25: Chn p n A
7.795,6
Ta c: m KOH = 7.795,6 n KOH
trung ha
= n trung
NaOH
ha
= = 99, 45(mol)
a
56
170,52.0,15.1000 639, 45 99, 45
n NaOH =
kh
= 639, 45 n Glixerol = = 180(mol)

40 3
m glixerol = 180.92 = 15,56 (kg)
Cu 26: Chn p n B
Nh 4 loi axit bo quan trng sau :
Axit panmiti: C 15 H 31 COOH (M = 256)
Axit stearic: C 17 H 35 COOH (M = 284)
Axit oleic: C 17 H 33 COOH (M = 282)
Axit linoleic: C 17 H 31 COOH (M = 280)
566
Ta dng BTKL m este + m NaOH = m xa phong + m ancol

0,5 0,3 0,2
n este ==
n ancol + + 1,16254.103
=
41 + 281.3 41 + 255.3 41 + 283.3

BTKL
1 + 3.1,16254.103.40
= m + 1,16254.103.92 =
m 1,03255
1,03255
Khi lng x phng 72% l:
= m 72% = 1,4341
0,72
Cu 27: Chn p n D
Nh phng trnh quan trng sau:
( C17 H35COO )3 C3H5 + 3NaOH 3C17 H 35COONa + C3H 5 ( OH )3
n
m glixerol =0,1.92 =9, 2 (gam)
.v
Cu 28. Chn p n D
om
Gi s c 1 kg cht bo (1000 gam)
208,77 7
Ta c: n =
KOH
56
= 3,728 trung ho a axit
n KOH = 0,125
56
.c = = nH O
2
3,728 0,125

BTKL
1000 +=
208,77 m RCOOK + 0,125.18 + .92
ok
3
m RCOOK =
1096,028 (gam)
bo
1096,028
R + 44 + 39= = 294 R= 211 C15 H 31
3,728
Cu 29: Chn p n C
et
Ta c: n KOH = 0,005 m KOH = 280(mg)

vi
280
Ch s x phng l=
:I = 112
2,5
ng
Cu 30. Chn p n A
Ch s x phng l s mg KOH cn x phng ha ht 1 gam cht bo.
a
Ta c : m KOH =400.198, 24 =79296 m NaOH =n KOH =1416

kh
1, 416

BTKL
400 + 1, 416.40
= m+ .92 =
m 413, 216
3
Cu 31: Chn p n C
cht bo.
0,015.56.1000
n NaOH = n KOH = 0,015 I axit = = 6
140
567
Cu 32. Chn p n C
cht bo.
m chat beo =20 gam m KOH =20.7 =140 mg
140
n NaOH =n KOH = =0,0025 m NaOH =0,1 gam
56.1000
Cu 33: Chn p n D
: Cc axit bo u l axit no n chc nn khi t chy cho n CO2 = n H2 O .
Do : n CO2 n H2 O =0,6 0,58 =0,02 =2n este v trong este c 3 lin kt .
n
n este = 0,01 = n glixerol m glixerol = 0,01.92.90% = 0,828 (gam)
.v
Cu 34: Chn p n D
om
n CO n H O =
6n chat beo Cht bo cha 7 lin kt
2 2
Trong 7 lin kt s c 4 lin kt tham gia cng Br 2 .

.c
1,2
Ta c ngay : n Br2 = 0,3.4 = 1,2 V = = 2,4
0,5
ok
Cu 35: Chn p n C
D thy X c 3 lin kt X l este 3 chc.V c 1 axit phn nhnh nn s C
bo
ti thiu l 4.
CH 2 OOCH
et
Vy CTCT ca X l : CHOOCH
CH 2 OOC CH(CH 3 )2
vi
n X = 0,06 n Ag = 0,06.2.2 = 0,24 m Ag = 25,92 (gam)

ng
CON NG T DUY S 27
a
K XO GII BI TON V ESTE

kh
C th ni bi ton v este l bi ton tng hp lin quan ti cc hp cht hu

c cha C,H,O.Khi lm bi tp v este cc bn cn nm chc cch gii cng nh
tnh cht ca ancol , andehit v axit. gip cc bn d tip thu mnh s chia nh
thnh cc dng c th.
Dng 01: Thu phn este n chc
R1COOR 2 + NaOH R1COONa + R 2 OH
R1COOC6 H 5 + 2NaOH R1COONa + C6 H 5ONa + H 2 O
(1) Vi bi ton tm CTCT th ta phi nhn nhanh qua cc p n nh gi s b.
568
(2) Vi este n chc ta lun c n este : n OH = 1 : 1 nu n este : n OH = 1 : 2 th n

phi l este ca phenol (V este vng ta khng xt trong chng trnh ph
thng).
(3) Sn phm ca phn ng thy phn c th sinh ra andehit hoc xeton ty theo
cu to ca gc ancol.
(4) Cn vn dng linh hot cc LBT.
(5) Ch cht rn sau phn ng rt hay c NaOH hoc KOH d c th l
C 6 H 5 ONa.
(6) Vi bi ton hn hp este thng bi s cho cc este to bi cng 1 axit
hoc cng 1 ancol
n
Cu 1: Thc hin phn ng x phng ho cht hu c X n chc vi dung dch
NaOH thu c mt mui Y v ancol Z. t chy hon ton 2,07 gam Z cn 3,024
.v
lt O 2 (ktc) thu c lng CO 2 nhiu hn khi lng nc l 1,53 gam. Nung Y
om
vi vi ti xt thu c kh T c t khi so vi khng kh bng 1,03. CTCT ca X l:
A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 B. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
C. C 2 H 5 COOC 3 H 7 D. C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5
n CO2 = a(mol) BTKL
m Z +=
m O2 m CO2 + m H2 O
.c

n H2 O = b(mol)
ok
2,07 4,32 44.a 18b
44a =
18b 1,53 =a 0,09(mol)

bo
44a +=
18b 6,39 = b 0,135(mol)
2,07 2,07
et
V Z l no n chc nn : M=
Z = = 46 C 2 H 5OH
b a 0,045
vi
Nung Y: RCOONa RH M RH =1,03.29 = 30 C 2 H 6

Chn D
ng
Cu 2: un 20,4 gam mt cht hu c A n chc vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1

M thu c mui B v hp cht hu c C. Cho C phn ng vi Na d thu c
a
2,24 lit H 2 (ktc). Nung B vi NaOH rn thu c kh D c t khi i vi O 2 bng

0,5. Khi oxi ha C bng CuO c cht hu c E khng phn ng vi
kh
AgNO 3 /NH 3 . Xc nh CTCT ca A?

A. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 B. CH 3 COO-CH(CH 3 ) 2
C. C 2 H 5 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 D. C 2 H 5 COOCH(CH 3 ) 2
Phn tch p n: Cc este l no v n chc.
C oxi ha thnh E khng c phn ng trng gng loi A v C ngay.
Ch cn B hoc D: Khi nung B RCOONa RH M RH = 0,5.32 =16 CH 4
Chn B
569
Cu 3: X l mt cht hu c n chc c M = 88. Nu em un 2,2 gam X vi

dung dch NaOH d, thu c 2,75 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca cht
no sau y ph hp vi X:
A. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 . B. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH.
C. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 . D. HCOOCH(CH 3 ) 2 .
2,2 2,75
Ta c: n X = = 0,025 M RCOONa = = 110 R= 43 C 3 H 7
88 0,025
Chn B
Cu 4: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH 4 l 5,5. Nu em un
2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu
n
to thu gn ca X l:
.v
A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 . B. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 .
C. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 D. HCOOCH(CH 3 ) 2 .
om
2,2 2, 05
Ta c: n X = = 0, 025(mol) M RCOONa = = 82 R = 15 CH 3
5,5.16 0, 025
Chn C .c
Cu 5: Cho 20 gam cht hu c X (ch cha C, H, O v mt loi nhm chc) c t
khi hi so vi O 2 bng 3,125, tc dng vi 0,3 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau
ok
phn ng thu c 23,2 gam b rn. CTCT ca X c th l:
A. CH 3 COOCH=CH-CH 3 . B. C 2 H 5 COOCH=CH 2 .
bo
C. CH 2 CH=CHCOOCH 3 . D. CH 2 =CHCOOC 2 H 5 .
Nhn xt: Cc este u l n chc v c 1 lin kt i trong phn t.
et
20 RCOONa : 0,2(mol)
Ta=
c: n X = 0,2(mol) 23,2
32.3,125 NaOH : 0,1(mol)
vi
23,2 0,1.40

BTKL
M RCOONa
= = 96
= R 29 C 2 H 5 Chn B
ng
0,2
Cu 6: Mt hn hp A gm 2 este n chc X, Y (M X < M y ). un nng 12,5 gam
a
hn hp A vi mt lng dung dch NaOH va thu c 7,6 gam hn hp

ancol no B, n chc c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 14 vC v hn hp hai
kh
mui Z. t chy 7,6 gam B thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 9 gam H 2 O. Phn

trm khi lng ca X, Y trong hn hp A ln lt l:
A. 59,2%; 40,8% B. 50%; 50%
C. 40,8%; 59,2% C. 66,67%; 33,33%
T bi B l 2 ancol ng ng k tip.t B l : C n H 2 n +1 OH
n CO = 0,35 0,35 C2 H 5OH : 0,1mol
Ta c: 2 n B= 0,15 n= = 2,33 B C H OH : 0,05mol
n H2O = 0,5 0,15 3 7
t cng thc chung ca hai este l RCOO R

570
n este = n NaOH = n mui = n Y = 0,15 mol

10,9
m Z = 12,5 + 0,15.40 7,6 = 10,9 g M muoi = M R + 67 = =72,67
0,15
M R = 5,67
Nh vy trong hai mui c mt mui l HCOONa
Hai este X, Y c th l: (I)
HCOOC 2 H 5
C x H y COOC3 H 7
HCOOC 3 H 7
hoc (II)
C x H y COOC 2 H 5
n
x = 1
.v
- Trng hp (I)
y = 3
om
- trng hp (II) 12x + y = 8 ( loi)
X : HCOOC 2 H 5 : 59,2%
Vy A Chn A
Y : CH 3 COOC 3 H 7 : 40,8 % .c
Cu 7: Cho 21,8 gam cht hu c A ch cha 1 loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt
ok
dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c 24,6 gam mui v 0,1 mol ru. Lng NaOH d
c th trung ha ht 0,5 lt dung dch HCl 0,4M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l:
A. (CH 3 COO) 3 C 3 H 5 B. (C 2 H 5 COO) 3 C 3 H 5
bo
C. (HCOO) 3 C 3 H 5 D. (C 3 H 7 COO) 3 C 3 H 5
n NaOH = 0,5
n NaOH
pha n ng
0,3 A : ( RCOO ) R '
=
et
Ta c : du
=n
NaOH 0,5.0,4
= 0,2 3
vi
24,6
M RCOONa = R + 44 + 23 = = 82 R = 15
0,3
ng
21,8
MA = = 218 = (15 + 44).3 + R ' R ' = 41 Chn A
0,1
a
Dng 02: Bi ton v phn ng este ho.

kh
Cu 1: Hn hp A gm axit axetic v etanol. Chia A thnh ba phn bng nhau.

+ Phn 1: Tc dng vi Kali d thy c 3,36 lt kh thot ra.
+ Phn 2: Tc dng vi Na 2 CO 3 d thy c 1,12 lt kh CO 2 thot ra. Cc th
tch kh o ktc.
+ Phn 3:c thm vo vi git dung dch H 2 SO 4 , sau un si hn hp mt
thi gian. Bit hiu sut ca phn ng este ho bng 60%. Khi lng este to
thnh l bao nhiu?
571
n = a + b = 2 n H 2 = 0,3 mol
Mi phn c : 3 A
CH COOH : a mol
C 2 H 5 OH : b mol a = 2 n CO 2 = 0,1 mol
{
a = 0,1mol
b = 0,2mol
V a < b ( hiu sut tnh theo axit)
s mol este thc t thu c: n = 0,1.60% = 0,06 mol
Khi lng este thc t thu c: m = 0,06.88 = 5,28 gam
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 1 mol axit cacboxylic n chc X cn 3,5 mol
O 2 . Trn 7,4 gam X vi lng ancol no Y (bit t khi hi ca Y so vi O 2 nh
n
hn 2). un nng hn hp vi H 2 SO 4 lm xc tc. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu
c 8,7 gam este Z (trong Z khng cn nhm chc no khc). Cng thc cu to
.v
ca Z l:
om
A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOC 2 H 5 B. C 2 H 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOC 2 H 3
C. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOCH 3 D. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 OCOH
y y
Phn ng chy: C X H y O 2 + (x +-1)O 2 xCO 2 + H 2 O
.c (1)
4 2
y y
ok
Theo (1), ta c : x + -1= 3,5 x + = 4,5 x = 3 X : C H COOH
4 4 2 5
y = 6
Ancol no Y : C n H 2n+2-m (OH) m (1 m n) este Z : (C 2 H 5 COO) m C n H 2n+2-m
bo
8,7
M este = 73m + 14n + 2 m = .m hay 14n + 2 = 15m (2)
0,1
et
Mt khc d Y O2 < 2 hay 14n + 2 + 16m < 64 30m + 2 < 64 (v m n) m < 2,1
vi
n=2
T (2) ancol Y : C 2 H 4 (OH) 2
ng
m = 2
Z : C 2 H 5 COOCH 2 CH 2 OCOC 2 H 5
a
Dng 03: Bi ton v phn ng t chy, tng hp v

kh
este.
Cu 1: Hn hp Z gm hai este X va Y tao bi cung mt ancol va hai axit
cacboxylic k tip nhau trong day ng ng (M X < M Y ). t chay hoan toan m
gam Z cn dung 6,16 lit khi O 2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lit khi CO 2 (ktc) va 4,5 gam
H 2 O. Cng thc este X va gia tri cua m tng ng la:
A. CH 3 COOCH 3 va 6,7 B. HCOOC 2 H 5 va 9,5
C. HCOOCH 3 va 6,7 D. (HCOO) 2 C 2 H 4 va 6,6
CO : 0, 25
Ta c: 2 Z l cc este no n chc.
H 2 O : 0, 25
572

BTNT.O
n OTrong Z + 0, 275.2
= 0, 25.2 + 0, 25 n=
Trong Z
O 0, 2
= n Z 0,1 (mol)
n Z =2,5
Khi : BTKL

= m m(C, = H,O) 0, 25.12 + 0, 25.2 +=
0, 2.16 6,7 (gam)
Ch : Gp bi ton hu c m khi t chy th ngh ngay n LBTKL hoc
LBTNT ty thuc vo d kin bi ton cho.
Cu 2: Cho 0,05 mol hn hp hai este n chc X v Y tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z. t chy hon ton Z thu c
0,12 mol CO 2 v 0,03 mol Na 2 CO 3 . Lm bay hi hn hp Z thu c m gam cht
rn. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 2,34. B. 4,56. C. 5,64. D. 3,48.
0,03 mol Na 2 CO3 =
BTNT.Na
n NaOH 0,06;
= n este 0,05(mol) nn c este ca
.v
phenol
om
este phenol : a(mol) a + b =0,05 a =
0,01(mol)

este ancol : b(mol) 2a += = 0,06 b =
b n NaOH 0,04(mol)
HCOOCH 3 : 0,04(mol)
.c
V n C =0,15 C =3
HCOO C 6 H 5 : 0,01(mol)
ok
HCOONa : 0,05(mol)
m= 4,56 Chn B
C 6 H 5ONa : 0,01(mol)
bo
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp hai este X, Y, n chc, no, mch

h cn 3,976 lt oxi (ktc) thu c 6,38 gam CO 2 . Cho lng este ny tc dng
et
va vi KOH thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip v 3,92 gam mui ca mt

axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l:
vi
A. C 2 H 5 COO C 2 H 5 v C 2 H 5 COO C 3 H 7
B. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 v C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5
ng
C. CH 3 COOCH 3 v CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
D. HCOOC 3 H 7 v HCOOC 4 H 9
a
t cng thc trung bnh ca 2 este X, Y l: C n H 2n+1 COO C m H 2 m +1

kh
V X, Y u l este n chc, no, mch h nn: n H 2O = nCO2 = 6,38/44 = 0,145

mol
m este + mO2 = 44. nCO2 + 18. n H 2O m este = 3,31 gam
n este = nCO2 + 1/2nH2O nO2 = 0,04 mol
n mui = n este = 0,04 mol M mui = 14n + 84 = 3,92/0,04 = 98 n = 1
Mt khc: M este = 3,31/0,04 = 82,75 12.1 + 46 + 14 m = 82,75 m = 1,77
Vy: X l CH 3 COOCH 3 v Y l CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
573

A. 64,8g B. 16,2g C. 32,4. D. 21,6g
CO2 : 0,525(mol)
= m X 0,525.44 + 0,525.18 =
BTKL
0,625.32 12,55
H 2 O : 0,525(mol) BTNT.oxi
= 0,525.3 =
trong X
O : 0,625(mol) nO 0,625.2 0,325
2
C H O : a = a + b 0,2= a 0,075(mol)
n
nCO2 = nH 2 O
n 2n
C m H 2m O2 : b a + 2b =
0,325 b = 0,125(mol)
.v
0,075.CH 3CHO + 0,175.C 3 H 6 O2 = 12,55 n Ag = 0,075.2= 0,12(mol)
om
Chn B
Cu 5: Cho 27,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 este n chc h tc dng va vi dung
dch NaOH thu c mt mui duy nht v 11 gam hn hp hai ancol ng ng
.c
k tip. Mt khc t chy hon ton 13,6 gam X cn 16,8 lt O 2 (ktc) v thu c
14,56 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn gi ca hai este l:
ok
bo
Vi 13,6 gam X:

BTKL
13,6 + 0,75.32
= 0,65.44 + m H 2O m H2=
O 9 n H= 0,5(mol)
et
O 2

2n X + 0,75.2
BTNT.oxi
= 0,65.2 + 0,5
= n X 0,15(mol)
vi
Vi 27,2 gam X
CH 3OH
ng
11
n X = 0,3 ROH = = 36,67 R = 19,67
0,3 C 2 H 5OH Chn C
27,2
a
M X= RCOOR= R= 27
0,3
kh
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt ancol

n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton 21,7 gam X, thu c 20,16 lt kh CO 2
(ktc) v 18,9 gam H 2 O. Thc hin phn ng este ha X vi hiu sut 60%, thu
c m gam este.
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,24. B. 9,18. C. 15,30. D. 10,80.
Axit c 1 pi cn ru khng c pi no nn ta c ngay:
nCO 2 : 0,9
n ancol = 1, 05 0,9 = 0,15(mol)
nH 2O :1, 05
574
V axit c 2 nguyn t O cn ancol c 1.O nn ta c

m X
O = 8,8 n O =
21,7 0,9.12 1,05.2 = 0,55(mol)
0,55 0,15
=
n axit = 0,2(mol)
2
0,2 : C n H 2n O 2 m= 2 C 2 H 5OH
X
BTNT.cacbon
0,2n + 0,15m
= 0,9
0,15 : C m H 2m O n= 3 C 2 H 5COOH
=
m 0,6.0,15(29 + 44 = + 29) 9,18(gam)
n
dch nc vi trong d thu c 60 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim
.v
29,1 gam. Khi lng mol ca X l:
A. 362. B. 348. C. 350. D. 346.
om
3R ( COOH )2 + 2R' ( OH )3 R3 ( COO )6 R'2 + 6H 2 O a
Ch :
mR ( COOH ) n + nR' ( OH ) m Rm ( COO ) nmR' n + nmH2O
n=

n CaCO=
3
0,6 m=
60 (m CO2 + m H2 O=
) 29,1
.c
m H2 O =4,5 n H2 O =0,25(mol)
ok
0,6 0,25
Do X c 6 v 2 vng : n CO2 n H 2O = 7n X n X = = 0,05(mol)
bo
7
m X = m(C,H,O) = 0,6.12 + 0,25.2 + 0,05.12.16 = 17,3
Chn D
et
BTKL: 17,3
MX = = 346(gam)
0,05
vi

ng

a
A. 37,5 B. 7,5 C. 15 D. 13,5.

kh
3n 2
X : C n H 2n O2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
Chay
2
0,1 0,275
HCOOCH 3 : 0,05
n = 2,5 X
CH 3COOCH 3 : 0,05
n NaOH =0,25 n CH3OH =0,1
BTKL Chn D
6,7 + 10
= m + 0,1.32 =
m 13,5(gam)
575
BI TP RN LUYN ESTE
Cu 1. Thy phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca 1 axit a chc vi 1 ancol n
chc cn 5,6 gam KOH. Mt khc, khi thy phn 5,475 gam este th cn 4,2
gam KOH v thu c 6,225 gam mui. CTCT ca este l:
A. (COOC 2 H 5 ) 2 B. (COOC 3 H 7 ) 2
C. (COOCH 3 ) 2 D. CH 2 (COOCH 3 ) 2
Cu 2 Hn hp X gm HCOOH v CH 3 COOH c s mol bng nhau. Ly 5,3 g
hn hp X cho tc dng vi 5,75 g C 2 H 5 OH (c H 2 SO 4 c lm xc tc) thu c
m (g) hn hp este (hiu sut cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr m l:
A. 8,80 B. 7,04 C. 6,48 D. 8,10
n
Cu 3 Thy phn hon ton 9,46 gam mt este X trong NaOH d, thu c 10,34
.v
gam mui. Mt khc, cng 9,46 gam X c th lm mt mu va ht 88 gam dung
dch Br 2 20%. Bit rng trong phn t X c cha hai lin kt . Tn gi ca X l
om
A. metyl aipat. B. vinyl axetat.
C. vinyl propionat. D. metyl acrylat.
Cu 4: Cho 0,05 mol hn hp hai este n chc X v Y tc dng va vi dung
.c
dch NaOH thu c hn hp cc cht hu c Z. t chy hon ton Z thu c
0,12 mol CO 2 v 0,03 mol Na 2 CO 3 . Lm bay hi hn hp Z thu c m gam cht
ok
rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,34. B. 4,56. C. 5,64. D. 3,48.
bo
Cu 5: Este X no, n chc, mch h, khng c phn ng trng bc. t

chy 0,1 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo dung dch
nc vi trong c cha 0,22 mol Ca(OH) 2 th vn thu c kt ta. Thu phn X
et
bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c c s nguyn t cacbon trong

phn t bng nhau. Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong X l:
vi
A. 37,21%. B. 53,33%. C. 43,24%. D. 36,36%.

ng

a

kh

A. 64,8g B. 16,2g C. 32,4. D. 21,6g
Cu 7: X l hn hp 2 este mch h ca cng mt ancol no, n chc v hai axit
no, n chc ng ng k tip. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X cn 6,16 lt O 2
(ktc). un nng 0,1 mol X vi 50 gam dung dch NaOH 20% n khi phn ng
hon ton, ri c cn dung dch sau phn ng c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 15,0. B. 7,5. C. 13,5. D. 37,5.
Cu 8: Thy phn hon ton m 1 gam este X mch h bng dung dch NaOH d,
thu c m 2 gam ancol Y (khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH) 2 ) v 15 gam
576
hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton m 2 gam Y

bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,4 mol H 2 O. Gi tr ca m 1 l:
A. 11,6. B. 16,2. C. 10,6. D. 14,6.
Cu 9: Cho 0,01 mol mt este X phn ng va ht vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH
0,2M, sn phm to ra ch gm mt mui v mt ancol u c s mol bng s mol
este, u c cu to mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Mt khc x phng ho hon
ton mt lng este X bng dung dch KOH va , th va ht 200 ml KOH
0,15M v thu c 3,33 gam mui. X l:
A. Etylenglycol oxalat. B. imetyl aipat.
C. ietyl oxalat D. Etylenglicol aipat.
Cu 10: t chy 3,2 gam mt este E n chc, mch h c 3,584 lt CO 2
n
(ktc) v 2,304 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 15 gam E tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch
.v
NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14,3 gam cht rn khan. Vy
cng thc ca ancol to nn este trn c th l:
om
A. CH 2 = CH - OH B. CH 3 OH
C. CH 3 CH 2 OH D. CH 2 =CH-CH 2 OH
Cu 11: Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi metan bng 6,25. Cho 20 gam tc
.c
dng 300ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng), c cn dung dch thu c 28 gam
cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
ok
A. CH 3 -CH 2 -COO-CH=CH 2 . B. CH 3 -COO-CH=CH-CH 3 .
C. CH 2 =CH-CH 2 -COOH. D. CH 2 =CH-COO-CH 2 -CH 3
bo
Cu 12: hn hp X gm 2 este n chc(u to bi axit no,u khng c phn

ng cng brom trong nc) l ng phn ca nhau. 0,2mol X phn ng vi ti a
0,3mol NaOH,khi tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 37,4 gam. S
et
cp este ti a c th c trong hn hp X l:
vi
A. 3 B. 1 C. 5 D. 4
Cu 13: Cho h hp X gm hai este n chc mch h tc dng ht vi dung dch
ng
KOH c 1,96 gam mt mui v 1,02 gam hn hp 2 anehit no,ng ng k

tip. Cho lng 2 anehit ny tc dng ht vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 c 4,32 gam Ag.
Cng thc 2 este trong X l:
a
A.CH 3 COOCH=CH-CH 3 v CH 3 COOCH=CHCH 2 CH 3 .

kh
B. HCOOCH= CH-CH 3 v. HCOOCH= CH CH 2 CH 3 .

C.CH 3 COOCH=CH 2 v CH 3 COOCH=CH-CH 3 .
C.HCOOCH-CH 2 v HCOOCH=CHCH 3 .
Cu 14. Cho hn hp A gm 1 este no n chc B v 1 ancol n chc C tc dng
va vi 200ml dd NaOH 1M, thu c 0,35 mol ancol C. Cho C tch nc
iu kin thch hp thu c cht hu c D c t khi hi so vi C l 1,7. Mt
khc, t chy hon ton A cn dng 44,24 lt O2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca
axit to B l:
A. C 5 H 10 O 2 . B. C 8 H 8 O 2 . C. C 3 H 6 O 2 . D. C 2 H 4 O 2 .
577
Cu 15. t chy 1,7g este X n chc cn 2,52 lt (ktc) thu c s mol

gp 2 ln s mol nc. un nng 0,01 mol X vi dd NaOH thy c 0,02 mol
NaOH tham gia phn ng. Bit X khng c kh nng trng gng. Cht no c th
trc tip iu ch c X trong cc p n sau:
A. Phenol(1) B. Axit acrylic (2)
C. Axit axetic (3) D. (1) v (3)
Cu 16: Thy phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca 1 axit a chc vi 1 ancol n
A. (COOC 2 H 5 ) 2 B. (COOC 3 H 7 ) 2
n
C. (COOCH 3 ) 2 D. CH 2 (COOCH 3 ) 2
Cu 17: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm hai este X 1 , X 2 l ng phn ca
.v
nhau cn dng 19,6 gam O 2 , thu c 11,76 lit CO 2 (ktc) v 9,45 gam H 2 O. Mt
om
khc, nu cho m gam hn hp trn tc dng ht vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1M ri
c cn dung dch sau phn ng th cn li 13,95 gam cht rn khan. T l mol ca
X 1 , X 2 l:
A. 3:1. B. 2:3.
.c
C. 4:3. D. 1:2.
Cu 18: Hn hp M gm hai este n chc. Cho m gam M tc dng vi lng d
ok
dung dch NaOH un nng, thu c 17 gam mt mui v 12,4 gam hn hp N
gm hai anehit thuc cng dy ng ng. T khi hi ca N so vi H 2 l 24,8.
Cho m gam M phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, thu
bo
c ti a a gam Ag. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m v a

ln lt l:
et
A. 25,15 v 108. B. 25,15 v 54.

C. 19,40 v 108. D. 19,40 v 54.
vi
Cu 19: Cho 27,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 este n chc h tc dng va vi

dung dch NaOH thu c mt mui duy nht v 11 gam hn hp hai ancol ng
ng
ng k tip. Mt khc t chy hon ton 13,6 gam X cn 16,8 lt O 2 (ktc) v thu
c 14,56 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn gi ca hai este l:
a

kh

Cu 20: Cho 11 gam hn hp Z gm hai este n chc, mch h X v Y ( M X <
M Y ) tc dng va vi 150 gam dung dch KOH 5,6% un nng, thot ra hn
hp ancol T ng ng k tip. Cho T i qua bnh ng Na d th khi lng bnh
ny tng 5,35 gam v c 1,68 lit kh thot ra ktc. Thnh phn % khi lng ca
Y trong Z l :
A. 54,55% B. 45,45% C. 68,18% D. 31,82%
Cu 21: X l hn hp ba ancol mch h thuc cng mt dy ng ng. Y l hn
hp hai axit cacboxylic n chc mch h. t chy hon ton m gam X thu c
15,68 lit kh CO 2 (ktc) v 19,8 gam H 2 O. trung ho ht 16,4 gam Y cn va
578
250 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Ly m gam hn hp X tc dng vi 32,8 gam hn

hp Y (xc tc H 2 SO 4 c) thu c a gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn
ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca a gam l :
A. 28,832 B. 36,04 C. 45,05 D. 34,592
Cu 22: Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt ancol
n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton 21,7 gam X, thu c 20,16 lt kh CO 2
(ktc) v 18,9 gam H 2 O. Thc hin phn ng este ha X vi hiu sut 60%, thu
c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,24. B. 9,18. C. 15,30. D. 10,80.
Cu 23: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M.
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c
n
khi lng l:
.v
Cu 24: Thy phn 4,3 gam poli(vinyl axetat) trong mi trng kim thu c 2,62
om
gam polime. Hiu sut ca phn ng thy phn l:
A. 60%. B. 80%. C. 75%. D. 85%.
Cu 25: Cho m gam butan qua xc tc ( nhit thch hp), thu c hn hp
.c
gm 5 hirocacbon. Cho hn hp kh ny sc qua bnh ng dung dch nc brom
d th lng brom tham gia phn ng l 25,6 gam v sau th nghim bnh brom
ok
tng 5,32 gam. Hn hp kh cn li sau khi qua dung dch nc brom c t khi so
vi metan l 1,9625. Gi tr ca m l:
bo
A. 17,4. B. 8,7. C. 5,8. D. 11,6.

Cu 26: Mt hn hp Y gm 2 este A, B mch h (M A < M B ). Nu un nng 15,7
et
gam hn hp Y vi dung dch NaOH d th thu c mt mui ca axit hu c

n chc v 7,6 gam hn hp 2 ancol no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng
vi
ng. Nu t chy 15,7 gam hn hp Y cn dng va ht 21,84 lt O 2 v thu c

17,92 lt CO 2 . Cc th tch kh o ktc. Phn trm khi lng ca A trong hn
ng
hp Y l:
A. 63,69%. B. 40,57%. C. 36,28%. D. 48,19%.
Cu 27: un nng m gam hn hp X (R-COO-R 1 ; R-COO-R 2 ) vi 500 ml dung
a
dch NaOH 1,38M thu c dung dch Y v 15,4 gam hn hp T gm hai ancol
kh
n chc l ng ng lin tip. Cho ton b lng T tc dng vi Na d thu c

5,04 lt kh hiro (ktc). C cn Y thu c cht rn ri ly cht rn ny em nung
vi CaO xc tc n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 7,2 gam mt kh. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 34,51. B. 31,00. C. 20,44. D. 40,60.
Cu 28: X la hn hp gm HCOOH va CH 3 COOH ti l mol 1: 1. Ly 21,2 gam X
tac dung vi 23 gam C 2 H 5 OH (xuc tac H 2 SO 4 c, un nong) thu c m gam
hn hp este (hiu sut este hoa u at 80%). Gia tri m la:
579
Cu 29: un este n chc A vi dd NaOH n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dd

X. trung ha lng NaOH d trong X cn 100ml dd HCl 1M. C cn dd thu
c 15,25 gam hn hp mui khan v hi ru B. Dn ton b hi ru B qua
CuO d, nung nng thu c andehit E .Cho E tc dng vi lng d dd
AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Cng thc ca este A l:
A.CH 3 COOCH 3 B.C 2 H 3 COOCH 3
C.C 2 H 3 COOC 2 H 5 D.C 2 H 5 COOCH 3
Cu 30: un 4,4 gam X( cng thc phn t C 4 H 8 O 2 ) vi NaOH d thy thot ra
hi ru Y. Cho Y qua CuO d nung nng c anehit Z. Cho Z phn ng vi
lng d dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 thy khi lng Ag to ra nhiu hn 15gam. Bit rng
n
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cng thc ca X l:
.v
A.C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 B.C 2 H 5 COOCH 3
C.HCOOC 3 H 7 D.CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
om
Cu 31 t chy hon ton mui A ca axit hu c to ra 10,6 gam Na 2 CO 3 v
hn hp kh B. Cho B i qua bnh dng dung dch KOH c,d thy khi lng
bnh tng 43,4 gam,cn nu cho hn hp i qua bnh dng P 2 O 5 d ri sau qua
.c
bnh ng KOH th thy khi lng bnh KOH ch tng 30,8 gam. Xc nh CTCT
ca A ,bit A mch thng v cha mt nguyn t Na.
ok
A.CH 3 CH 2 COONa B.CH 2 =CHCOONa
C.HOOCCH 2 COONa D.CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COONa
bo
Cu 32. Hn hp A gm hn hp 3 cht hu c X,Y,Z n chc ng phn ca

nhau, u tc dng c vi NaOH. un nng 13,875 gam hn hp A vi dd
NaOH va thu c 15,375 gam hn hp mui v ancol c t khi hi so vi
et
bng 20,67. 127OC, 1 atm th tch hi ca 4,44 gam X bng 1,968 lt. Phn
vi
trm khi lng ca X,Y,Z (theo th t KLPT gc axit tng dn) ln lt l:

A. 40%,20%,40% B. 37,3%,37,3%,25,4%
ng
C. 37,3%,25,4%,37,3% D. 16%,68%,16%
Cu 33. Hn hp X gm 1 este n chc, khng no c 1 ni i (C=C) mch h v
a
1 este no, n chc mch h. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol X ri cho ton b sn
phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng dd d. Sau phn ng thy
kh
khi lng bnh tng 23,9 gam v c 40 gam kt ta. % khi lng este no trong
hn hp X l:
A. 58,25% B. 35,48% C. 50% D. 75%
Cu 34: t chy hon ton 1,6 gam mt este E,n chc c 3,52 gam CO 2 v
1,152 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M,c
cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc ca
axit to nn este trn c th l:
A. CH 3 C(CH 3 ) 2 COOH B. CH 2 =CH-COOH
C. HOOC-CH 2 -CH(OH)-CH 3 D. HOOC(CH 2 ) 3 CH 2 OH
580
Cu 35: t chy hon ton m gam este n chc X cn va 20,16 lt O 2 , sn

phm thu c gm 17,92 lt CO 2 v 7,2 gam H 2 O (cc th tch kh o iu kin
tiu chun). Mt khc, khi thu phn X trong mi trng kim th thu c 2
mui. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to tho mn tnh cht ca X l:
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 1.
Cu 36: Cho 18,6 gam este thun chc X (s lin kt pi nh hn hoc bng 2, s C
nh hn hoc bng 5) tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. Sau phn ng thu
c mui ca axit hu c Y v ancol Z. Ly mui khan Y nung vi vi ti xt
n phn ng hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt (ktc) mt hydrocacbon n gin nht.
Tnh khi lng mui khan Y?
n
Cu 37:Cho 0.1mol este n chc X phn ng vi 0.3 mol NaOH thu c dung
.v
dch B c cha 2 mui.C cn dung dch B thu c mg cht rn.Mt khc t
chy hon ton 42,7g X thu c hn hp sn phm.Cho ton b sn phm chy
om
vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d.Sau phn ng thu c 245g kt ta v khi lng
dung dch gim 118,3g.X v gi tr ca m l:
A.HCOOC 6 H 5 v 18,4g
C.CH 3 COOC 6 H 5 v 19,8g
.c
B.CH 3 COOC 6 H 5 v 23,8g
D. HCOOC 6 H 5 v 22,4g
ok
dch nc vi trong d thu c 60 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim
bo
29,1 gam. Khi lng mol ca X l:

A. 362. B. 348. C. 350. D. 346.
et
Cu 39. Hn hp Y gm 2 este n chc mch h l ng phn ca nhau. Cho m

gam hn hp Y tc dng va vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c mui
vi
ca 1 axit cacbonxylic v hn hp 2 ancol. Mt khc t chy hon ton m gam

hn hp Y cn dng 5,6 lt O 2 v thu c 4,48 lt CO 2 (cc th tch o kc).
ng
Cng thc cu to ca 2 este trong hn hp Y l:

A. CH 3 COOCH 3 v HCOOC 2 H 5
a
B. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 v HCOOC 3 H 7
kh
C. CH 3 COOCH 3 v CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
D. HCOOCH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 v HCOO-CH(CH 3 )-CH 3
Cu 40. A l mt este n chc khng tham gia phn ng trng bc, khi thy phn
hon ton 4,3 gam A bng dung dch NaOH va ri chng ct sn phm c
mui B v phn bay hi C. Cho C phn ng vi Cu(OH) 2 d trong iu kin thch
hp thu c 7,2 gam kt ta gch. Khi lng ca mui thu c l:
Cu 41: Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc (cha C, H, O). Thy phn hon ton
0,15 mol X cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c mt ancol Y v 16,7 gam
581
hn hp hai mui. t chy hon ton Y, sau hp th ton b sn phm chy

vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, khi lng bnh tng 8 gam. Hn hp X l:
A. HCOOC 6 H 4 -CH 3 v HCOOCH 3
B. HCOOC 6 H 5 v HCOOC 2 H 5
C. CH 3 COOC 6 H 5 v CH 3 COOCH 3
D. HCOOC 6 H 4 -CH 3 v HCOOC 2 H 5
Cu 42: Cho X, Y l hai axit cacboxylic n chc mch h (M X < M Y ); T l este
hai chc to bi X, Y v mt ancol no mch h Z. t chy hon ton 6,88 gam
hn hp E gm X, Y, T bng mt lng va O 2 , thu c 5,6 lit CO 2 (ktc) v
3,24 gam nc. Mt khc 6,88 gam E tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d thu
c 12,96 gam Ag. Khi lng rn khan thu c khi cho cng lng E trn tc
n
dng vi 150 ml dung dch KOH 1M l :
.v
Cu 43: Hn hp X gm hai este n chc, mch h l ng phn cu to ca
om
nhau. Cho m gam X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch Y
(ch cha 2 mui) v (m-14,7) gam hn hp hi gm 2 anehit no, ng ng k
tip, c t khi hi so vi H 2 bng 24,625. C cn dung dch Y thu c (m-3,7)
.c
gam cht rn. Cng thc cu to ca hai este l
ok
A. HCOO-CH=CH-CH 3 v CH 3 -COO-CH=CH 2 .
B. HCOO-C(CH 3 )=CH 2 v HCOO-CH=CH-CH 3 .
C. CH 3 -COOCH=CH-CH 3 v CH 3 -COO-C(CH 3 )=CH 2 .
bo
D. C 2 H 5 -COO-CH=CH 2 v CH 3 -COO-CH=CH-CH 3 .
Cu 44: Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sau
et
khi phn ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v tng khi lng sn
phm hu c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tho mn cc tnh
vi
cht trn l :
A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
ng

a

kh
A. 37,5 B. 7,5 C. 15 D. 13,5.

Cu 46: Thy phn hon ton 0,05 mol este ca 1 axit a chc vi 1 ancol n
A. (COOC 2 H 5 ) 2 B. (COOC 3 H 7 ) 2
C. (COOCH 3 ) 2 D. CH 2 (COOCH 3 ) 2
Cu 47: un nng m gam hn hp X gm cc cht c cng loi nhm chc vi 600
ml dung dch NaOH 1,15M, thu c dung dch Y cha mui ca mt axit cacboxylic
n chc v 15,4 gam hi Z gm cc ancol. Cho ton b Z tc dng vi Na d , thu
582
c 5,04 lt kh H 2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y , nung nng cht rn thu c vi CaO

cho n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 7,2 gam mt cht kh. Gi tr m l:
A. 34,3. B. 34,51. C. 40,6 D. 22,6.
Cu 48: t chy 13, 6 gam mt este n chc A thu c 35,2 gam CO 2 v 7,2
gam H 2 O. Mt khc 13,6 gam A tc dng vi 250 ml dd NaOH 1M. C cn dd sau
phn ng thu c 21,8 gam cht rn. S ng phn ca A tha mn iu kin trn
l:
A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
Cu 49: t chy hon ton 9,16 gam hn hp X gm 1 este v 1 axit hu c ,cn
va 0,45 mol O 2 , v thu c s mol CO 2 bng s mol H 2 O.Tnh th tch dung
dch NaOH 1M phn ng va ht 9,16 gam hn hp X.
n
A. 80 ml B. 100 ml C. 150ml D. 120ml
.v
Cu 50: Cho 0,25 mol axit X n chc trn vi 0,3 mol ancol etylic em thc hin
phn ng este ha thu c thu c 18 gam este. Tch ly lng ancol v axit d
om
cho tc dng vi Na thy thot ra 2,128 lt H 2 (ktc). Vy cng thc ca axit v
hiu sut phn ng este ha l:
A. CH 3 COOH, h = 72%
C. CH 2 = CH-COOH, h = 60%
.c
B. CH 2 = CH-COOH, h = 72%
D. CH 3 COOH, h = 60%
ok
Cu 51: Cho 4,48 gam hn hp etyl axetat v phenyl axetat (c t l s mol l 1:1)
tc dng ht vi 800 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M, thu c dung dch X. C cn
dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
bo
A. 5,60. B. 4,88. C. 3,28. D. 6,40.

Cu 52: Hn hp A gm 2 este n chc X,Y. Cho 0,05 mol A tc dng va
et
vi dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp sn phm hu c B. t chy ht ton

b B thu c 2,688 lt CO 2 ;3,18 gam Na 2 CO 3 . Khi lm bay hi B thu c m
vi
gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 4,56 B. 3,4 C. 5,84 D.5,62
ng
Cu 53. Cho 23 gam C2H5OH tc dng vi 24 gam CH3COOH (xt: H2SO4

c) vi hiu sut phn ng 60%. Khi lng este thu c l:
a

kh
Cu 54. Este E c iu ch t axit n chc, mch h X v ancol n chc,

mch h Y. t chy hon ton 4,8 gam E, thu c 5,376 lt CO 2 v 3,456 gam
H 2 O. Mt khc, khi cho 15 gam E tc dng vi 195 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c
cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14,1 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to
ca Y l:
A. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH B. CH 3 CH 2 OH
C. CH C-CH 2 OH D. H 2 =CHCH 2 OH
Cu 55: Thy phn hon ton m 1 gam este X mch h bng dung dch NaOH d,
thu c m 2 gam ancol Y (khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH) 2 ) v 15 gam
583
hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton m 2 gam Y

bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,4 mol H 2 O. Gi tr ca m 1 l:
A. 10,6. B. 16,2. C. 14,6. D. 11,6.
Cu 56: X phng ha hon ton 3,98 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH
va thu c 4,1 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 1,88 gam hn hp hai
ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l
A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 v C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 .
B. CH 3 COOCH 3 v CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 .
C. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 v CH 3 COOC 3 H 7 .
D. HCOOCH 3 v HCOOC 2 H 5 .
Cu 57: X l hp cht hu c n chc, mch h cha C, H, O trong phn t. Cho
n
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c Y v Z. Bit Z khng tc
.v
dng c vi Na v c s chuyn ha sau:
om
+O , xt ,t 0
+ NaOH + NaOH
Z
2 T Y 0 ankan c s nguyn t cacbon t
CaO,t
nht.
.c
Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca cacbon trong X l :
A. 54,55%. B. 55,81%. C. 48,65%. D. 40,00%.
ok
Cu 58: un nng 0,1 mol este no n chc E vi 30 ml dung dch 28% (d =
1,2g/ml) ca mt hidroxit kim loi kim M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng x phng
bo
ho, c cn dung dch th thu c cht rn A v 4,6 gam ancol B. t chy cht
rn A th thu c 12,42 gam mui cacbonat, 8,26 gam hn hp CO 2 v hi nc.
Tn gi ca E:
et
A. Metyl propionat B. Metyl fomat

C. Etyl axetat D. Etyl fomat
vi
Cu 59: Cho 4,0 mol axit axetic tc dng vi 1,0 mol glixerin (glixerol) (xt H 2 SO 4
ng
c). Tnh khi lng este thu c bit rng tham gia phn ng este ha c 50%
axit v 80% ancol phn ng.
a
Cu 60: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt

kh
lng X cn dng va 3,976 lt O 2 (ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO 2 . Mt khc, X

tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k
tip. Phn trm s mol ca este c phn t khi nh hn trong X l:
A. 33,53%. B. 37,5%. C. 25%. D. 62,5%.
Cu 61: Este X c cng thc phn t C 4 H 8 O 2. Cho 2,2 gam X vo 20 gam dung
dch NaOH 8% un nng, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch
Y. C cn Y thu c 3 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 B. HCOOCH(CH 3 ) 2
C. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 3 D. CH 3 CH 2 COOCH 3
584
Cu 62: un nng 6,0 gam CH 3 COOH vi 6,0 gam C 2 H 5 OH (c H 2 SO 4 lm xc

tc, hiu sut phn ng este ha bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l:
Cu 63. X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC 2 H 5 v
CH 3 COOCH 3 bng dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp X gn 2 ankol. un nng
hn hp X vi H 2 SO 4 c 1400C sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m
gam nc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,10 B. 4,05 C. 18,00 D. 16,20
Cu 64: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm cc este ng phn cn dng
27,44 lt kh O 2 , thu c 23,52 lt CO 2 v 18,9 gan H 2 O ( cc kh c o ktc).
S este cha trong hn hp X l:
n
A. 2 B. 9 C. 5 D. 4
Cu 65: Hn hp M gm 3 cht hu c n chc X, Y, Z (cha C, H, O) l trong
.v
X, Y ng phn ca nhau, Z ng ng lin tip vi Y (M Z > M Y ). t chy
4,62 gam M thu c 3,06 gam H 2 O. Mt khc khi cho 5,544 gam M tc dng
om
NaHCO 3 d thu c 1,344 lt CO 2 (ktc). Cc cht X,Y,Z ln lt l:
A. HCOOCH 3 , CH 3 COOH, C 2 H 5 COOH.
B. C 2 H 5 COOH, CH 3 COOCH 3 , CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 .
.c
C. CH 3 COOH, HCOOCH 3 , HCOOC 2 H 5 .
D. CH 3 COOCH 3 , C 2 H 5 COOH,C 3 H 7 COOH.
ok
C 2 H 4 O 2 : a = a + b 0,07= a 0,04

C 3 H 6 O 2 : b =
2a + 3b 0,17= b 0,03
bo
0,07.5,544
=
S mol M c trong 5,544 l: n M = 0,084 =n CO2 0,06
4,62
et
0,084
Loi C ngay v : n axit < .4 =0,048
7
vi
Cu 66: un 12,00 gam axit axetic vi 13,80 gam ancol etylic (c axit H 2 SO 4 c
ng
lm xc tc). n khi phn ng dng li thu c 11,00 gam este. Hiu sut ca
phn ng este ho l:
A. 75,0%. B. 62,5%. C. 60,0% D. 41,67%.
a
Cu 67: Trn 13,6 g phenyl axetat vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau khi phn
kh
ng xy ra hon ton c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn

khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 19,8. B. 10,2. C. 21,8. D. 8,2.
Cu 68: Este X c CTPT C 7 H 12 O 4 , khi cho 16 gam X tc dng va vi 200
gam dung dch NaOH c nng 4% th thu c mt ancol Y v 17,8 gam hn
hp 2 mui. CTCT thu gn ca X l cng thc no di y?
A. C 2 H 5 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OOCH
B. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OOCCH 3
C. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OOCCH 3
D. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 OOCC 2 H 5
585
Cu 69: Hp cht hu c X c to bi glixerol v axit axetic Trong phn t X,

s nguyn t H bng tng s nguyn t C v O. Thy phn hon ton m gam X
cn dng va 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,8 B. 40,2 C. 26,4 D. 39,6
Cu 70: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H 2 SO 4 c lm xc tc)
n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca
phn ng este ho l :
A. 62,5%. B. 50%. C. 55%. D. 75%.
Cu 71: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH
thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l
ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l:
n
A. CH 3 COOCH 3 v CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 .
.v
B. C 2 H 5 COOCH 3 v C 2 H 5 COOC 2 H 5 .
om
C. CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 v CH 3 COOC 3 H 7 .
D. HCOOCH 3 v HCOOC 2 H 5
Cu 72. t chy m gam este Etyl axetat, hp th ht sn phm vo 200 gam dung
.c
dch Ba(OH) 2 6,84% sau lc c 194,38 gam dung dch Ba(HCO 3 ) 2 . Gi tr
ca m l:
ok
A. 4,48. B. 3,3. C. 1,8. D. 2,2.
Cu 73. T 400 kg axit meta acrilic tc dng CH 3 OH d, sau trng hp este thu
c 250 kg Polime (thy tinh Plexyglat). Hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t:
bo
A. 53,75%. B. 61,25%. C. 70,5%. D. 75,25%.

Cu 74: E l este thun chc, mch khng nhnh. un nng m gam E vi 150 ml
et
dung dch NaOH 2M n hon ton thu c dung dch X. Trung ho X cn 200
ml dung dch HCl 0,3M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 22,95 gam hn
vi
hp hai mui khan v 11,04 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc. Cng thc cu to ca

ng
E l:
A. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 -OOC-CH 2 CH 2 COOCH 3
B. HCOOCH 3 v CH 3 COOC 2 H 5
a
C. C 2 H 5 -COO-C 2 H 5
kh
D. CH 3 -CH 2 -OOC-CH 2 COOCH 3

Cu 75: Cho 8,88 gam 1 cht cha nhn thm A c cng thc
C 2 H 3 OOCC 6 H 3 (OH)OOCCH 3 vo 200 ml KOH 0,9M un nng n phn ng
hon ton thu c dung dch B. C cn B thu c b gam cht rn khan. Gi tr
ca b l:
A. 14,64 B. 15,76 C. 16,08 D. 17,2
Cu 76: Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat ,mety axetat v etyl fomat. t chy hon
ton 3,08 gam X,thu c 2,16 gam H 2 O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong
X l:
A. 27,92% B. 75%. C. 72,08%. D. 25%.
586
Cu 77: t chy hon ton 4,16 gam hn hp X gm RCOOH v RCOOC 2 H 5

thu c 4,256 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 2,52 gam H 2 O. Mt khc 2,08 gam hn hp X
phn ng vi lng va dung dch NaOH, thu c 0,46 gam ancol v m gam
mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,484. B. 2,62. C. 2,35. D. 4,70.
Cu 78: Hp cht X c cha vng benzen c cng thc C7H6O3. X c kh nng
tham gia phn ng vi AgNO 3 trong NH 3 . cho 13,8 gam X tc dng vi 360 ml
NaOH 1M , sau phn ng lng NaOH cn d 20% so vi lng cn phn ng . Khi
cho X tc dng vi Na d, th tch kh H2 ( ktc) thu c l:
A. 2,24. B. 3,36. C. 1,12. D. 4,48.
Cu 79.Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam hp cht hu c X n chc thu c sn
n
phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO 2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam H 2 O. Nu cho 2,75 gam X tc
.v
dng vi NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 3 gam mui ca axit
hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l:
om
A. metyl propionat B. propyl fomat
C. etyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
Cu 80: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C 4 H8 O3 . Cho 10,4 gam X tc dng vi
.c
dung dch NaOH (va ) thu c 9,8 gam mui. cng thc cu to ng ca X l:
ok
A. HOCH 2 COOC 2 H 5 . B. CH 3 CH(OH)-COOCH 3 .
C. CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 OH D. HCOOCH 2 CH 2 CHO
Cu 81: Cho 3,4 gam phenyl axetat tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau
bo
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. C cn X thu c m

et
A. 5,05. B. 6,95. C. 7,40. D. 4,05.

Cu 82: Cho 12,9 gam este X c cng thc C 4 H 6 O 2 tc dng vi 150 ml dung
vi
dch NaOH 1,25M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng c 15,6 gam cht rn khan.
Tn gi X l:
ng
A. anlyl axetat. B. etyl acrylat.

C. vinyl axetat. D. metyl acrylat.
a
Cu 83: Hp cht hu c X c to bi glixerol v axit axetic. Trong phn t X, s

kh
nguyn t H bng tng s nguyn t C v O. Thy phn hon ton m gam X cn

dng va 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 39,6. B. 26,4. C. 40,2. D. 21,8.
587
P N CHI TIT
BI TP RN LUYN ESTE
Cu 1. Chn p n A
Nhn nhanh qua p n thy cc este u l 2 chc
4,2 5, 475
n KOH =2n este = =0,075(mol) M este = .2 =146 A
56 0,075
Cu 2. Chn p n C
Quy hn hp X gm HCOOH v CH 3 COOH thnh 1 axit chung
RCOOH; ( R = 8)
n
n X = 0,1(mol)
= m este 0,1.0,8(RCOOC
=
.v
2H5 ) 6, 48(gam)
n ancol = 0,125(mol)
om
Cu 3. Chn p n D
=nBr2 0,11(mol ) = nX 0,11(mol ) = M X 86
10,34 .c
M mui = RCOONa = = 94 R = 27
0,11
ok
Cu 4: Chn p n B
0,03 mol Na 2 CO3 =

BTNT.Na
n NaOH =
0,06 n este 0,05 nn c este ca
bo
phenol
este phenol : a a + b =0,05 a =
0,01

este ancol : b 2a += = 0,06 b =
et
b n NaOH 0,04
HCOOCH 3 : 0,04 HCOONa : 0,05
n
vi
V =0,15 C =3
C m =4,56
HCOO C 6 H 5 : 0,01 C 6 H 5ONa : 0,01
ng
Cu 5: Chn p n C
V tc dng vi 0,22 mol Ca(OH) 2 vn thu c kt ta nn:
a
n CO2 < 2n Ca(HCO3 )2 =

0,44
kh
0,44 C H O (loa i v tra ng ba c)

Do : C < = 4,4 2 4 2 %O = C
0,1 C3 H 6 O 2
Cu 6: Chn p n B
CO 2 : 0,525

=
BTKL
m X 0,525.44 + 0,525.18 = 0,625.32 12,55
H
2 O : 0,525 BTNT.oxi
= 0,525.3 0,625.2
= 0,325(mol)
trong X
O : 0,625 nO
2
588
nCO2 = nH 2 O C n H 2n O : a = a + b 0,2= a 0,075

C m H 2m O 2 : b =
a + 2b 0,325
= b 0,125
0,075.CH 3CHO + 0,175.C 3 H 6O 2 = 12,55 n Ag = 0,075.2= 0,12(mol)
Cu 7: Chn p n C
3n 2
2 n= 2,5
0,1 0,275
RCOOCH 3 0,1: RCOONa(mol)

0,1 + 0,25NaOH m = 13,5
R = 8 0,15 : NaOH(mol)
n
Cu 8: Chn p n D
.v
Ch : X to bi ru a chc (C cc nhm OH khng k nhau) .Do c ngay :
n = 0,1
om
CO : 0,3(mol)
m 2 + O2 2 X
H 2 O : 0,4(mol) X : C 3 H8 O2 HO CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH

BTKL
m1 + 0,1.2.NaOH
= 15 + 0,1.C 3 H8 O2.c
m1 = 14,6(gam)
Cu 9: Chn p n D
ok
V sn phm to ra ch gm mt mui v mt ancol u c s mol bng s mol
este nn B,C s b loi ngay.(A,D l este vng)
bo
3,33(gam) KOOC R COOK: 0,015 R= 56 [ CH 2 ]4

Cu 10: Chn p n D
et
CO2 : 0,16(mol)

BTKL
=
m O 3,2 0,16.12 0,128.2
= 1,024(gam)
H O : 0,128(mol)
vi
2
n O= 0,064 n= 0,032(mol)
ng
Do E phi c tng cng 2 lin kt v c 5C

NaOH : 0,05
Vi 15 gam:= n E 0,15 + 0,2NaOH 14,3
BTKL
=
R 15
a
RCOONa : 0,15
kh
Cu 11: Chn p n A
= = 100
M X 16.6,25 RCOOK : 0,2
28 R = 29 A
n X = 0,2;KOH : 0,3 KOH : 0,1
Cu 12: Chn p n D
D dng suy ra c 1 este to bi phenol
Este(r u) : a(mol) a + b 0,2=
= a 0,1(mol)

Este(phenol) : b(mol) a= + 2b 0,3 =
b 0,1(mol)
589
BTKL
m X + 0,3.40
= 37,4 + 0,1.18
= m 27,2
27,2 CH3COO C6 H 5 C6 H 5 COOCH 3 (1 ca p)
M= = 136
0,2 HCOO C6 H 4 CH3 C6 H 5 COOCH 3 (3 ca p)
Cu 13: Chn p n C
n Ag =0,04(mol) n andehit =
nX =
0,02(mol) =
n KOH
BTNT 1,96
RCOOK
=
0,02
=
R 15

1,02
BTNT
M andehit =
0,02
n
Cu 14. Chn p n D
.v
NaOH : 0,2(mol) este : 0,2(mol)
; MD > MC
om
ancol : 0,35(mol) ancol : 0,15(mol)
2M C 18
D la ete
= 1,7 M C 60
=
MC .c
3n 2
ok
0,15 mol C 3 H 8 O cn 0,672 mol O 2 2
n = 5
bo
Cu 15. Chn p n A
X : n ch c
X : C6 H 5 OOCR;
et

X + NaOH 1: 2
vi
n H O =
a n CO =2a
BTKL
2 2
a=0,05
ng
1,7 + 0,1125.32
= 2a.44 + 18a
BTNT.oxi
2n X + 0,1125.2
= 0,1.2 + 0,05 =
n X 0,0125 =
M X 136
a
C6 H 5 OOC CH3
kh
c iu ch t phenol v (CH 3 CO) 2 O

Cu 16: Chn p n A
D dng m ra Este l 2 chc:
4,2 5, 475.2
n KOH = =0,075(mol) M este = =146 A
56 0,075
Cu 17: Chn p n C
Bo ton khi lng :
m +=
19, 6 0,525.44 + 9, 45 =
m 12,95( gam)
=
nH 2O =
nCO2 0,525(mol ) no, n chc
590
Bo ton nguyn t oxi:

19,6
2nX + =
.2 0,525.3 nX = 0,175 = n 3
32
CH 3COONa : a

13,95 HCOONa : 0,175 a
NaOH : 0, 2 0,175

13,95= 82a + 68.(0,175 a) + 40(0, 2 0,175) a= 0,075
CH 3 COOCH 3 : 0,075 mol v HCOOC 2 H 5 : 0,1 mol
Cu 18: Chn p n C
n
17
M adehit= 49,6 n N= 0,25 n NaOH= n muo= 0,25 RCOONa= R= 1
.v
i
0,25
bTKL
m + 0,25.40
= 17 + 12,4 =m 19,4
om
n Ag = 4n M =1 (HCOOC = C R)
Cu 19: Chn p n C
Vi 13,6 gam X
.c

BTKL
13,6 + 0,75.32
= 0,65.44 + m H 2O m H 2= 9 n H= 0,5(mol)
ok
O O 2

2n X + 0,75.2
BTNT oxi
= 0,65.2 + 0,5
= n X 0,15(mol)
bo
11 CH 3OH
n X = 0,3 ROH = = 36,67 R = 19,67
Vi 27,2 gam X
0,3 C 2 H 5OH
et
27,2
M X= RCOOR= R= 27
0,3
vi
Cu 20: Chn p n B
ng
H 2 : 0,075 mol.
BTKL : m bnh tng = m ancol T - m kh m ancol T = 5,35 + 0,075.2 = 5,5 gam
5,5 CH 3OH: 0,1
a
M = = 36,67
0,075* 2 C2 H5 OH: 0,05
kh
RCOOCH 3 : 0,1
Ta c : KOH 0,15 mol
R'COOC2 H 5 : 0,05
R = 1 (H)
0,1(R + 59) + 0,05(R + 73) = 11 2R + R = 29
R' = 27 (CH 2 =CH-)
X l HCOOCH 3 (0,1 mol) v Y l C 2 H 3 COOC 2 H 5 (0,05 mol)
0,05.100
=% mY = .100% 45, 45% Chn B
11
591
Cu 21: Chn p n A
H 2 O 1,1 mol > CO 2 0,7 mol => X l hh cc ancol no.
0,7
C= =1,75 => X l hh cc ancol no, n chc v mol ancol = 0,4.
1,1 - 0,7
BTNT => m X = m = 0,7*12 + 1,1*2 + 16*0,4 = 17 gam.
32,8 gam Y c s mol 0,25*2 = 0,5 mol.
P este ho : Ancol X + Axit Y => Este + H 2 O (Axit d nn tnh theo ancol)
80 17 32,8
BTKL : a = .0,4( + - 18) = 28,832 gam Chn A
100 0,4 0,5
y l dng bi tp kh quen thuc v phn ng t chy ca ancol no n
n
chc v phn ng este ho vi axit. HS gp kh khn trong khu xc nh dy
.v
ng ng ca cc ancol X v x l hn hp 3 ancol phn ng vi 2 axit.
Cu 22: Chn p n B
om
Axit c 1 pi cn ru khng c pi no nn ta c ngay:
nCO2 : 0,9(mol)
n ancol = 1, 05 0,9 = 0,15(mol)
nH 2 O :1, 05(mol) .c
V axit c 2 nguyn t O cn ancol c 1.O nn ta c:
ok
m X
O = 8,8 n O =
21,7 0,9.12 1,05.2 = 0,55
0,55 0,15
=
n axit = 0,2(mol)
bo
2
0,2 : C n H 2n O 2 m= 2 C 2 H 5OH
X
BTNT cacbon
0,2n + 0,15m
= 0,9
et
0,15 : C m H 2m O n= 3 C 2 H 5COOH
= m 0,6.0,15(29 + 44 = + 29) 9,18(gam)
vi
Cu 23: Chn p n B
ng
n NaOH = 0,04(mol)
0,04.CH 3COONa = 3,28(gam)
n CH3COOC 2 H5 = 0,1(mol)
a
Cu 24: Chn p n B
kh
0,04
44a + 86 ( 0,05 a= ) 2,62 a= 0,04 H= = 80%
0,05
Cu 25: Chn p n D
n= = nanken
0,16 = ankan
anken = 0,16
C4 H10 C4 H10bandau : a + 0,16
Br2

anken
m = 5,32 4 10
C H du
: a
58 ( a + 0,16 ) 5,32
16.1,9625= 31, 4= a= 0,04 m= 58.0, 2= 11,6( gam)
a + 0,16
592
Cu 26: Chn p n A
nO = 0, 975( mol )
2

n = 0,8( mol )
CO2
15,7 + 0,975.32= 0,8.44 + mH O n H O = 0,65( mol )
2 2
7, 6 C2 H 5OH
=
ROH
0,15 C3 H 7 OH

= nY 0.15( mol ) R = 27
n
15, 7
RCOOR = CH 2 =CHCOOC2 H 5 : 0,1( mol )
.v
0,15
CH 2 = CHCOOC3 H 7 : 0, 05(mol )
om
Cu 27: Chn p n D
nNaOH = 0,69( mol )
nNaOH
du .c= 0,69 0,45 = 0,24( mol )
nH 2 = 0,225( mol ) nruou = 0,45 = nY

RCOONa + NaOH Na2CO3 + RH
ok
7, 2
RH = = 30(C2 H 6 )
bo
0, 24
m + 0,69.40 =
15, 4 + C2 H 5COONa.0, 45 + 0, 24.40 m =
40,6
et
Cu 28: Chn p n A
21,2
HCOOH RCOOH = n X = 0, 4(mol)
vi
X X 53
CH 3COOH R = 8 n C H OH = 0,5(mol)
ng
2 5
=m este 0, 4.0,8(8 + 44 +=
29) 25,92(gam)
a
Cu 29: Chn p n B
Nhn vo p n ta thy A,B,D u c gc ancol l CH 3 OH ta gi s este l
kh
RCOOCH 3
NaCl : 0,1
15,25 R = 27 CH 2 = CH
RCOONa : 0,1 (n Ag =
0,4)
Cu 30: Chn p n B
= = n ancolY
n X 0,05
Y : CH 3OH
n Ag > 0,14 n Ag > 2n ancolY
593
Cu 31. Chn p n D
Ch : KOH ht c H 2 O v CO 2 ; cn P 2 O 5 ch ht nc.Vy ta c ngay:
m CO2 = 30,8 n CO2 = 0,7(mol)

m H 2O = 43, 4 30,8 = 12,6 n H 2O = 0,7(mol) 0,8
C= =4 D
n
Na= n=A 0,2(mol) 0,2
=n Na 2CO3 0,1(mol)
n C = 0,1 + 0,7 = 0,8
Cu 32. Chn p n A
n X = 0,06 M X = 74
n

HCOOC2 H 5 : a (mol ) a + b + c =0,1875
.v
13,875
nA = = 0,1875 CH 3COOCH 3 : b(mol ) 68a + 82b + 96c = 15,375
74 C H COOH : c(mol ) 46a + 32b
om
2 5 = 41,34
a+b
a = 0,075 (mol ) ; b = 0,0375 (mol ) ; c = 0,075 (mol )
.c
Cu 33. Chn p n C
ok
CO : 0,4
Ca ( OH ) 2 0,4.44 + 18a
= 23,9 =
a 0,35
2
H 2 O : a
bo
n khong no =0,4 0,35 =0,05(mol) 0,4

este C= = 2,67 HCOOCH 3
n este = 0,1(mol)
no
0,15
et
mX =
mC + mH + mO =
0,4.12 + 0,35.2 + 0,15.2.16 =
10,3
vi
%HCOOCH3 =
58,25%
ng
Cu 34: Chn p n B
n CO2 = 0,08(mol)
B v s mol CO 2 > s mol H 2 O nn E phi c nhiu
a
n H 2O = 0,064(mol)
kh
hn 1 lin kt pi
Cu 35: Chn p n C
CO2 : 0,8(mol)

H 2 O : 0,4(mol)
O : 0,9(mol)
2
CDLBT

BTNT.oxi
n OX + 0,9.2 = 0,8.2 + 0,4 n OX = 0,2 n X = 0,1
BTKL
= m X 0,8.12 + 0,4.2 + = 0,2.16 13,6
594
C H OOCCH3 (1)
MX = 136 X 6 5
CH3 C6 H 5OOCH (3 cha t )
Cu 36: Chn p n C
Y : CH3COONa : 0,15 n X =0,15

18,6
TH1 : este 1 chu c : M X = = 124 X : CH3COOR Trng hp ny
0,15
= m Y 0,15.CH
= COONa 12,3
3
v l ngay
TH 2 : X : CH 3OOC CH 2 COOCH 3
n
Y : NaOOC CH 2 COONa m
= = 22,2
0,15.148
.v
Y
Cu 37: Chn p n D
om
C ngay:
=n n= CO2 2,45

m = ( )
245 m CO2 + m H2 O = ( .c )
245 2,45.44 + m H2 O =
118,3
n CO = 2,45(mol)
ok
2
n H2 O = 1,05(mol)
bo
V X c 5 lin kt nn c ngay :
2,45
n CO2 n H2 O = 4n X = 1,4 n X = 0,35 C = = 7
et
0,35
HCOONa : 0,1(mol)
vi

C ngay: m = 22,4(gam) C 6 H 5ONa : 0,1(mol)
NaOH : 0,1(mol)
ng

Cu 38: Chn p n D
a
Ch :
3R ( COOH )2 + 2R' ( OH )3 R3 ( COO )6 R'2 + 6H 2 O
kh
mR ( COOH ) n + nR' ( OH ) m Rm ( COO ) nmR' n + nmH2O

n=

n CaCO=
3
0,6 m=
60 (m CO2 + m H 2O=
) 29,1
m H 2O =4,5 n H 2O =0,25(mol)
0,6 0,25
Do X c 6 v 2 vng : n CO2 n H 2O = 7n X n X = = 0,05(mol)
7
595
BTKL:
17,3
mX = m(C,H,O) = 0,6.12 + 0,25.2 + 0,05.12.16 = 17,3 M X =
0,05
= 346
Cu 39. Chn p n D
Mui ca 1 axit : Loi ngay A v B
C khng phi ng phn (C th chn D ngay lp tc).
Nhn vo p n:
3n 2
n
Cn H 2n O2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
2
3n 2
.v
n . Suy ra n = 4
2
0,25 0,2
om
Cu 40. Chn p n D
C ngay: V C l do ancol khng bn bin thnh andehit nn khng th l HCHO
n Cu2O = 0,05 n A = 0,05 M A =

4,3
.c
= 86 CH 3COOCH = CH 2
0,05
ok
m CH3COONa = 0,05.82 = 4,1(gam)
Cu 41: Chn p n A
bo
Nhn vo p n thy cc ancol u no v n chc.V trong 2 este c mt ca

phenol
et
este phenol : a =
a + b 0,15= a 0,05
X do n ancol= b= 0,1
este ancol : b =2a + b 0,2=b 0,1
vi
Khi t chy ancol:

ng
n CO2 c= 8 n CO2 0,1(mol)

44c + 18d =
CH 3OH Loi B,D
=
n H 2O d d= c 0,1 =
n H 2O 0,2(mol)
a
Kt hp th p n suy ra A
kh
Cu 42: Chn p n C
Hn hp E phn ng trng bc => X l HCOOH v este T c gc HCOO- .
t s mol X,Y,T ln lt l a,b v c. CO 2 0,25 mol v H 2 O 0,18 mol. BTNT
6,88 0,25.12 0,18.2
=> n O(E) = = 0,22 = 2a + 2b + 4c
16
V 2a + 2c = 0,12 b + c = 0,05.
Axit Y c tng s lin kt pi l k => tng s lin kt pi trong este T l k+1
0,25 0,18 = (k-1)b + (k+1-1)c 0,07 = (b+c)k b = 0,05k b.
p dng iu kin : b < 0,05 0,05k 0,07 < 0,05 k < 2,4.
596
Ta chn k = 2 b = 0,03 ; a = 0,04 ; c = 0,02.

(X)CH 2 O 2 : 0,04

(Y)Cn H 2n-2 O 2 : 0,03

(T)Cm H 2m-4 O 4 (m > 4) : 0,02
21-2m
0,04 + 0,03n + 0,02m = 0,25 (BTNT C) n=
3
Ta chn m=6 n=3. X l HCOOH, Y l CH 2 =CH-COOH
T l HCOO-CH 2 -CH 2 -OOC-CH=CH 2 . Z l C 2 H 4 (OH) 2
BTKL: m E + m KOH = m + m Z + m H2O
n
6,88 + 0,15*56 = m + 62*0,02 + 18*(0,04+0,03) m = 12,78 gam.
.v
Chn C
Nhng im kin thc HS lu vn dng trong bi tp ny :
om
I/ nh lut BTNT.
II/ Phn ng trng bc ca axit fomic v este ca axit fomic
III/ K nng vn dng nh lut BTKL vi d kin cho KOH d khi phn ng
.c
vi hn hp axit + este.
ok
IV/ Vn dng bt bo ho trong phn ng t chy hp cht hu c, k nng
bin lun xc nh CTPT. HS gp khng t kh khn trong vic xc nh cng
bo
thc ca este T
Cu 43: Chn p n A
Cn hai trng hp A v D ta i th p n ngay:
et
CH 3CHO
M = 49,25 m = 86 A OK
vi
C 2 H 5CHO
A. HCOO-CH=CH-CH 3 v CH 3 -COO-CH=CH 2 .
ng
B. HCOO-C(CH 3 )=CH 2 v HCOO-CH=CH-CH 3

(Loi ngay do khng to 2 andehit)
a
C. CH 3 -COOCH=CH-CH 3 v CH 3 -COO-C(CH 3 )=CH 2 .

kh
(Loi ngay do khng to 2 andehit)

D. C 2 H 5 -COO-CH=CH 2 v CH 3 -COO-CH=CH-CH 3 .
Cu 44: Chn p n B
(n NaOH = 0,3) : (n este =0,15) =2 :1 C 6 H 5 OOCR
C H ONa : 0,15
29,7 6 5 0,15(116 + R + 44 + 23)= 29,7 R= 15
RCOONa : 0,15
C 6 H 5 OOCCH 3
X
H 3C C 6 H 4 OOCH (3)
597
Cu 45: Chn p n D
3n 2 Cha y
X : Cn H 2n O2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
2
0,1 0,275

HCOOCH3 : 0,05(mol)
n= 2,5 X
CH3COOCH3 : 0,05(mol)
n NaOH =0,25 n CH OH =0,1(mol)
3
BTKL
6,7 + 10
= m + 0,1.32 =
m 13,5(gam)
Cu 46: Chn p n A
n
Nhn nhanh qua p n thy cc este u l 2 chc
.v
4,2 5, 475
n KOH =2n este = =0,075(mol) M este = .2 =146
om
56 0,075
Cu 47: Chn p n C
nNaOH = 0,69(mol )
du
.c
nNaOH = 0,69 0,45 = 0,24(mol )
nH2 = 0,225(mol ) nru = 0,45 = nY

ok
RCOONa + NaOH Na2CO3 + RH
7,2
RH = = 30(C2 H 6 )
bo
0,24
m + 0,69.40= 15,4 + C2 H 5COONa.0,45 + 0,24.40 m= 40,6( gam)
et
Cu 48: Chn p n B
CO 2 : 0,8 BTKL 13, 6 0,8.12 0, 4.2
vi
Ta c: n=
trong A
O = 0, 2
= n A 0,1(mol)
H 2 O : 0, 4 16
ng
NaOH : 0,15
21,8 R = 91 loi A l este ca phenol.
RCOONa : 0,1
a
NaOH : 0,05

kh
21,8 RCOONa : 0,1 R = 15 .Vy A c cc cht tha mn l:

C H ONa : 0,1
6 5
C6 H 5 OOCCH 3 ; CH 3 C6 H 5 OOCH c 3 ng phn (m,o,p)
Cu 49: Chn p n D
Ta c: s mol CO 2 bng s mol H 2 O X l cc cht no n chc.
CO 2 : a

BTKL
9,16 + 0, 45.32
= 44a + 18a = a 0,38
H 2 O : a

BTNT Oxi
n Otrong X + 0,45.2
= 3.0,38 n=
trong X
O 0,24 =
n X 0,12(mol)
598
Cu 50: Chn p n B
Ta c: n H = 0,095 n axit
pha n ng
+ ancol
= 0,25 + 0,3 0,095.2 = 0,36 n este = 0,18(mol)
2
18
M este = = 100 = R + 44 + 29 R = 27 CH 2 = CH
0,18
0,18
=
H = 0,72
= 72%
0, 25
Cu 51: Chn p n D
CH 3COOC2 H 5 : a(mol) BTKL
Ta c : 4, 48 a = 0,02(mol)
CH 3COOC6 H 5 : a(mol)
n
C2 H 5 OH : 0,02
.v

este + NaOH H 2 O : 0,02
BTKL
4, 48 + 0,08.40
= m + 0,02(46 + 18)
om
m

m= 6,4(gam)
Cu 52: Chn p n A .c
3,18
Ta c: n Na 2= = 0,03
BTNT.Na
n NaOH
= 0,06(mol)
ok
CO3
106
C este ca phenol.
bo
n A = 0,05 0,12 + 0,03

= C = 3
n CO2 = 0,12 0,05
et
HCOOCH 3 : a = a + b 0,05
= a 0,04
R H
RCOOC6 H 5 : b a=+ 2b 0,06=b 0,01
vi
HCOONa : 0,05(mol)
ng
m= 4,56
C6 H 5 ONa : 0,01(mol)
Cu 53. Chn p n C
a
C2 H 5 OH : 0,5 H = 60%
= m este 0,6.0, 4.(15=
+ 44 + 29) 21,12(gam)
kh
Ta c:
CH 3COOH : 0, 4
Cu 54. Chn p n D
0
E+ O 2
t
CO 2 + H 2 O
4,8 0, 24.12 0,192.2.1
Trong E: nC : nH : nO0,=
24 : 0,192.2 : 5:8: 2
16
Cho E tc dng vi NaOH
0
RCOOR'+ NaOH
t
RCOONa+ R'OH
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15
599
m R'OH = 15 + 0,195.40 -14,1 = 8,7 g

8,7
=> M R'OH = = 58 => R = 41 => CH 2 = CH- CH 2 OH
0,15
Cu 55: Chn p n C
CO : 0,3
Khi t chy Y: 2 n Y = 0,4 0,3 = 0,1 C 3 H8 O2
H 2 O : 0,4
Vy X l este hai chc:
n NaOH
= 2n ancol
= 0,2
BTKL
m1 + 0,2.40
= 15 + 0,1.76
m1 =
14,6
n
Cu 56: Chn p n B
.v
2
Ta c:
BTKL
3,98 + m NaOH
= 4,1 + 1,88 n NaOH
= = 0,05(mol)
om
40
4,1
M RCOONa = R + 44 + 23 = R = 15
0,05 .c
1,88
M ROH = R + 17 = R = 20,6
0,05
ok
Cu 57: Chn p n B
X l este, Y l mui, Z l andehit
bo
Ta suy lun t cui ln.S c chui chuyn ha :

CH 3CHO
O2 ;xt
CH 3COOH
NaOH
CH 3COONa
NaOH,CaO
CH 4
et
4.12
Vy X l : CH 3COOC 2 H 3 %C = = 55,81%
vi
86
Cu 58: Chn p n C
ng

n = 0,1 n RCOOM =0,1(mol)
este
a
Ta c= = 10,08
: m MOH 30.1,2.0,28 loi A v B .

kh
4,6
M ancol
= = 46 C 2 H 5OH
0,1
12, 42 5,04

BTNT.M
= = M 39(K) =
n KOH 0,18(mol)
2M + 60 M + 17

BTKL
m este + 10,08
= m A + 4,6
Nu l p n D ta c: m A = 7,4 + 10,8 4,6 = 13,6
HCOOK : 0,1
Ta li c: m A 12,88 V l
mA =
KOH : 0,08
600
Cu 59: Chn p n A
V sn phm l hn hp cc este ln ta dng BTKL l hay nht:
Ta c : n axit
phan ng
0,5.4 =
= 2 nH O =
2(mol)
2

2.60 + 0,8.1.92
BTKL
= m + 2.18 =
m 157,6(gam)
Cu 60: Chn p n B
V X l no, n chc, mch h : n=
CO2 n=
H2 O 0,145 ; n O2 = 0,1775

=
BTKL
m X 0,145.(44 + 18) =
0,1775.32 3,31

BTNT.Oxi
n Otrong X + 0,1775.2
= 0,145.3 n Otrong
= X
0,08 =
n X 0,04(mol)
n
CH 3COOCH 3 : 0,015(mol)
M X= 82,75
.v
CH 3COOC 2 H 5 : 0,025(mol)
om
Cu 61: Chn p n D
n = 0,025(mol) RCOONa : 0,025(mol)
Ta c: X 3 gam
n NaOH = 0,04(mol) NaOH : 0,015(mol)
.c

=
BTKL
3 0,025(R + 44 + 23) + 0,015.40
= R 29 C2 H5
ok
Cu 62: Chn p n B
D thy hiu sut c tnh theo axit. C ngay:
bo
n axit= 0,1(mol) n CH3COOC2 H5= 0,1.0,5= 0, 05 m= 0, 05.88= 4, 4 (gam)

Cu 63. Chn p n A
et
1
: 2ROH ROR + H 2 O n H2 O = n ROH
2
vi
2 este l ng phn nn: n este = n ROH = 0,9 n H 2O = 0, 45 m = 8,1(gam)

ng
Cu 64: Chn p n A
n CO2 = 1,05(mol)
X l cc este no n chc.
a
n H 2O = 1,05(mol)
kh

BTNT.Oxi
n Otrong X +=
2,45 1,05.2 + 1,05
1,05
n Otrong X = 0,7 n X = 0,35 C = =3
0,35
Cc cht c th c trong X l : HCOOC 2 H 5 ; CH 3COOCH 3
Cu 65: Chn p n A
Nhn cc p n thy Z,Y,Z u no n chc nn khi chy cho n CO2 = n H2 O
3,06
Vi 4,62 gam M: n=
CO2 n=
H 2O = 0,17(mol)
18
601

BTKL
= 4,62 m(C,H,O)
= 0,17.12 + 0,17.2 + m Otrong M
0,17
m Otrong M= 2,24 n Otrong M= 0,14 n M= 0,07 C= = 2,428
0,07
B,C Loi v s C u ln hn hoc bng 3
C 2 H 4 O2 : a(mol) =a + b 0,07= a 0,04(mol)

C 3 H 6 O2 : b(mol) =2a + 3b 0,17=b 0,03(mol)
0,07.5,544
=
S mol M c trong 5,544 l : n M = 0,084 =n CO2 0,06
4,62
0,084
n
Loi C ngay v : n axit < .4 =
0,048
7
.v
Cu 66: Chn p n B
om
n CH3COOH = 0,2(mol) 11 0,125
n este = = 0,125 H= = 62,5%
n C 2 H5OH = 0,3(mol) 88 0,2
Cu 67: Chn p n C .c
n C6 H5OOCCH3 = 0,1(mol)
n H 2O =
ok
0,1(mol)
n NaOH = 0,25(mol)

BTKL
13,6 + 0,25.40
= m + 0,1.18 =
m 21,8(gam)
bo
Cu 68: Chn p n D
n X = 0,1(mol)
et
Ta c:
BTKL
16 + 0,
= 2.40 m ancol + 17,8 =
m ancol 6, 2(gam)
n NaOH = 0, 2(mol)
vi
M Ancol =62 HO CH 2 CH 2 OH
Cu 69: Chn p n C
ng
Nu X l este n chc th X c dng : C5 H10 O 4 loi

a
Nu X l este hai chc th X c dng : C7 H12O5 tha mn.

n NaOH = 0,3 n X = 0,15 m = 0,15.176 = 26, 4 (gam)
kh
Cu 70: Chn p n A
n = 0,2(mol) 0,125
Ta c: axit = 0,125(mol) =
n este H = 62,5%
n ancol = 0,3(mol) 0,2
Cu 71: Chn p n A
Ta c :
BTKL
1,99 + m=
NaOH 2, 05 + 0,94 n=
NaOH 0, 025(mol)
2,05
M RCOONa = R + 44 + 23 = = 82 R = 15
0,025
602
0,94 CH 3
M ROH = R + 17 = = 37,6 R = 20,6
0,025 C 2 H 5
Cu 72. Chn p n D
n Ba (OH)2 = 0,08
4CO 2 : 4a
Ta c: C4 H8 O 2 (a mol)
O2
BTNT.Ba Ba(HCO3 ) 2 : b
4H 2 O : 4a
BaCO3 : c

BTKL
4a(44 + 18)=
+ 200 194,38 + 197c a = 0,025
BTNT.Ba
b=+ c 0,08
= b 0,02 =m 2, 2 (gam)
n
BTNT.C c = 0,06
2b + c= 4a
.v
Cu 73. Chn p n A
om
400
n=
axit = (mol)
86 2,5.86
Ta c: = H = 53,75%
n= 250 400
= 2,5(mol) .c
este 100
Cu 74: Chn p n A
ok
Trong Y cha hn hp hai mui v 2 ancol nn E phi c to t axit hai chc
v ancol n chc Loi B v C ngay .
bo
Ta c: n HCl = 0,06 n NaOH

phan ng
= 0,15.2 0,06= 0,24 n E = 0,12(mol)
NaOOC R COONa : 0,12
22,95 R =28 CH 2 CH 2
et
NaCl : 0,06
Cu 75: Chn p n B
vi
n = 0,04(mol)
Sau khi thy phn A s c 2 nhm OH nh vo
ng
Ta c: A
n KOH = 0,18(mol)
vng benzen nn:
a
KOOCC6 H 3 ( OK )2 : 0,04(mol)
kh

m= 15,76 CH 3COOK : 0,04(mol)
KOH : 0,02(mol)

Cu 76: Chn p n D
CH3COOCH = CH 2
C H O : a(mol)
CH3COOCH3
quy ve
4 6 2
HCOOC H C3 H 6 O2 : b(mol)
2 5
603
86a + 74b = 3,08 a = 0,01(mol)

6a + 6b = n H = 0,24 b = 0,03(mol)
Cu 77: Chn p n B
n CO2 = 0,19(mol)
m X = m(C,H,O)
n H2 O = 0,14(mol)
4,16 0,19.12 0,14.2
=
n Otrong X = 0,1(mol)
16
1 trong X
=
BTNT.Oxi
nX = nO 0,05 Vi m = 2,08 n X= 0,025= n NaOH
2
n

BTKL
2,08 + 0,025.40
= m + 0, 46 =
m 2,62(gam)
.v
y l bi ton kh hay.Nhiu bn hc sinh s b la dn ti vic c gng i tm
om
xem R l g.iu ny s mt rt nhiu thi gian v cng khng cn thit.
Cu 78: Chn p n C
13,8
=n X = 0,1(mol)
.c 138
V X c trng gng,c tc dng vi Na v
0,36
ok
n pha=
n ng
= 0,3(mol)
NaOH 1,2
1
bo
X : HO C 6 H 4 OOCH n H= n X= 0,05 V= 0,05.22,4= 1,12(lit)

2
2
Cu 79. Chn p n A
et
n CO = 0,2(mol)
Nhn nhanh qua p n thy cc cht u l este n chc 2
vi
n H2 O = 0,2(mol)
no n chc
ng
4,4 0,2.12 0,2.2

4,4 = m(C,H,O) n O = = 0,1 n X = 0,05 M X = 88
16
a
2,75.0,05
2,75 gam X s c
= = 0,03125(mol)
kh
nX
4, 4
3
RCOONa = = 96 R = 29 C 2 H 5COOCH 3
0,03125
Cu 80: Chn p n A
10, 4 9,8
nX = = 0,1(mol) M RCOONa = = 98 R = 31 HO CH 2
104 0,1
604
Cu 81: Chn p n B
CH 3COONa : 0,025(mol)
n CH3COOC 6 H5 = 0,025(mol) BTNT.Na
m = 6,95 C 6 H 5ONa : 0,025(mol)
n NaOH = 0,1(mol) NaOH : 0,05(mol)

Vi cu ny ta c th dng BTKL cng rt tt.
V NaOH d nn n H 2O = 0, 025(mol)

BTKL
3, 4 + 0,1.40
= m + 0,025.18 =
m 6,95(gam)
Cu 82: Chn p n D
n X = 0,15(mol)
n
RCOONa : 0,15(mol)
15,6 R=
27
n NaOH = 0,1875(mol)
.v
NaOH : 0,0375(mol)
Cu 83: Chn p n B
om
CH 2 OOCCH 3
D dng tm ra X l este hai chc. CH OOCCH 3
CH 2 OH
.c
n NaOH = 0,3 n X = 0,15 m = 0,15.176 = 26, 4(gam)
ok
CON NG T DUY S 28
bo
K THUT GII BI TON CACBOHIDRAT

(1).Glucozo,fructozo,mantozo u c phn ng trng Ag trong mi trng NH 3 .
et
Mantozo
+
H
Glucozo + Glucozo
vi
(2).Thy phn :
H+
Saccarozo Glucozo + Fructozo
ng
Ch : Bi ton hiu sut thy phn khi Mantozo cn d n vn trng Ag.

(3).Qu trnh iu ch ancol:
a
( C6H10O5 )
Thuy phan
C6 H12O6
len men
2CO 2 + 2C2 H 5OH
kh
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,2 mol saccaroz v 0,1 mol mantoz mt thi
gian thu c dd X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho
ton b X tc dng vi dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th lng Ag thu c l:
Ch : Man d phn c phn ng trng Ag nh!
n Ag = 0,2.0,75.4 + 0,1.0,75.4 + 0,1.0,25.2 = 0,95(mol)
605
Cu 2: T 10 tn v bo (cha 80% xenluloz) c th iu ch c bao nhiu tn

cn thc phm 450 (bit hiu sut ca ton b qu trnh iu ch l 64,8%, khi
lng ring ca cn nguyn cht l d = 0,8 g/ml)?
A. 0,294. B. 7,440. C. 0,930 . D. 0,744.
n xenlulo n glu 2n ancol
10 1 3,68.0,55
Vancol = .0,8.2.46. .0,648 = 3,68 VH2 O = = 4,498
162 0,8 0,45
m con= 3,68.0,8 + 4,498= 7,44(gam)
Cu 3: Xenlulozo trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh c iu ch t xenlulozo
v axit nitric. Tnh th tch axit nitric 99,67% (c khi lng ring 1,52 g/ml) cn
n
sn xut 59,4 kg xenluloz trinitrat (H = 90%).
.v
A.36,5 lt B.11,28 lt C.7,86 lt D.27,72 lt
Phng trnh :
om
C 6 H 7 O2 ( OH )3 n + 3nHNO3 C 6 H 7 O2 ( ONO2 )3 + 3nH 2 O
0
H 2 SO 4 ,t
n
lm nhanh cu ny cc bn chu kh nh cht nh!

XLL + 3HNO3 XLLtrinitrat(297)

.c
0,6.63 1 1
ok
n XLLtrinitrat = 0,2 n axit = 0,6 V = 0,9967 . 1,52 . 0,9 = 27,72(lit)

bo
CACBONHIDRAT
Cu 1: un nng 3,42 gam Mantoz trong dd H 2 SO 4 long, trung ha axit sau
et
phn ng ri cho hn hp tc dng hon ton vi dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 , un nng thu

c 3,78 gam Ag. Hiu sut thy phn Mantoz:
vi
A. 87,5% B. 75,0% C. 69,27% D. 62,5%

ng
gian thu c dd X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho
ton b X tc dng vi dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th lng Ag thu c l:
a

kh
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm saccaroz v mantoz c t l v khi lng tng ng l

1:2. Thy phn m gam X trong mi trng axit (hiu sut phn ng thy phn u
t 60%), trung ha dd sau phn ng, sau thm tip mt lng d dd AgNO 3
trong NH 3 d vo th thu c 95,04 gam Ag kt ta Gi tr ca m l:
A. 102,6 B. 82,56 C. 106,2 D. 61,56
Cu 4: Tin hanh ln men m gam glucoz thnh C 2 H 5 OH vi hiu sut 75%. Ton
b lng CO 2 sinh ra em hp th ht vo 1 lt dung dch NaOH 2M (d = 1,05
g/ml), thu c dung d ch cha hn hp 2 mui c tng nng la 12,276%. Gia
tri cua m l:
A. 150. B. 90. C. 180. D. 120.
606
Cu 5: T 10 tn v bo (cha 80% xenluloz) c th iu ch c bao nhiu tn

cn thc phm 450 (bit hiu sut ca ton b qu trnh iu ch l 64,8%, khi
lng ring ca cn nguyn cht l d = 0,8 g/ml)?
A. 0,294. B. 7,440. C. 0,930 . D. 0,744.
0
Cu 6: Tin hnh ln men gim 460 ml ancol etylic 8 vi hiu sut bng 30%.
Bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml v ca nc bng
1 g/ml. Nng phn trm ca axit axetic trong dung dch thu c l:
A. 7,99%. B. 2,47%. C. 2,51%. D. 3,76%
Cu 7: Cho 6,84 gam hn hp saccaroz v mantoz tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 c 1,08 gam Ag. S mol saccaroz v mantoz trong hn hp
ln lt l.
n
A. 0,01 mol v 0,01 mol. B. 0,015 mol v 0,005 mol.
.v
C. 0,01 mol v 0,02 mol. D. 0,005 mol v 0,015 mol.
om
Cu 8. Thy phn mt lng mantoz , trung ha dung dich sau phan ng b ng
phng phap thich hp , tach thu c 71,28 gam hn hp X , ri chia thanh hai
phn bng nhau. Phn mt phan ng vi H 2 d thu c 29,12 gam sobitol. Phn
hai tac dung vi mt lng d dung dich AgNO3/NH3 thu c m gam Ag. Gia tri
.c
ca m la:
ok
A. 69,12 g. B. 38,88 g. C. 43,20 g. D. 34,56 g.
Cu 9: Hn hp A gm glucoz v mantoz. Chia A lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Ho tan vo nc, lc ly dung dch ri cho tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3
bo
d c 0,02 mol Ag.

- Phn 2: un vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long. Hn hp sau phn ng c trung
et
ho bi dung dch NaOH, sau cho ton b sn phm tc dng vi lng d

dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 c 0,03 mol Ag. S mol ca glucoz v mantoz
vi
trong A ln lt l:
ng
A. 0,005 v 0,005. B. 0,0035 v 0,0035.

C. 0,01 v 0,01. D. 0,0075 v 0,0025.
Cu 10: Cho Xenluloz phn ng vi anhirit axetic (H 2 SO 4 l xc tc) thu c
a
11,10 gam hn hp X gm xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat v 6,60 gam

kh
axit axetic. Thnh phn phn % theo khi lng ca xenluloz triaxetat v
xenluloz iaxetat trong X ln lt l:
A. 76,84%; 23,16%. B. 70,00%; 30,00%.
C. 77,84%; 22,16%. D. 77,00%; 23,00%.
Cu 11: Dung dch cha 0,15 mol brom tc dng ht vi axetylen ch thu c 2
cht M;N l ng phn ca nhau trong M c khi lng l 13,392g,khi lng
ca N l:
A. 14,508 B. 18,6 C.13,392 D. 26,988
607
Cu 12: Trn mt th tch H 2 vi mt th tch anken thu c hn hp X. T khi

ca X so vi H 2 l 7,5. Dn X qua Ni nung nng c hn hp kh Y c t khi
hi so vi H 2 l 9,375. Phn trm khi lng ca ankan trong Y l:
A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 25%
Cu 13: Thu phn hon ton m gam hn hp X gm saccaroz v mantoz thu
c dd Y. Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c 0,2 mol
Ag. Mt khc thy phn m gam hn hp X mt thi gian (hiu sut thy phn mi
cht u l 80%) thu dc dung dch Z. Cho Z tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO 3 /NH 3 thu c 0,168 mol Ag. Phn trm khi lng saccaroz trong hn
hp l:
A. 60% B. 55% C. 40% D. 45%
n
Cu 14. Xenlulozo trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi
.v
xenlulozo (hiu sut phn ng 60% tnh theo xenlulozo). Nu dng 2 tn xenlulozo
th khi lng xenlulozo trinitrat iu ch c l:
om
A. 1,97 tn B. 2,20 tn C. 3,67 tn D. 1,10 tn
Cu 15. Thy phn hon ton 7,02 gam hn hp X gm glucozo v saccarozo
trong mi trng axit, thu c dung dch Y. Trung ha axit trong dung dch Y sau
.c
cho thm dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 , un nng thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Thnh
phn 5 v khi lng ca glucozo trong hn hp X l:
ok
A. 51,3% B. 48,7% C. 24,35% D. 12,17%
Cu 16. Xenlulozo trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh c iu ch t xenlulozo
bo
v axit nitric. Tnh th tch axit nitric 99,67% (c khi lng ring 1,52 g/ml) cn
sn xut 59,4 kg xenluloz trinitrat (H = 90%).
A. 36,5 lt B.11,28 lt C. 7,86 lt D. 27,72 lt
et
Cu 17. Cho 360 glucoz ln men to thnh ancol etylic. Kh sinh ra c dn vo

nc vi trong d thu c m gam kt ta. Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men t
vi
80%. Tnh gi tr ca m?
ng
A. 200 gam B. 320 gam C. 400 gam D.160 gam

Cu 18. Ngi ta cho 2975 gam glucozo nguyn cht ln men thnh ancol etylic.
Hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men l 80%. Nu pha ancol 40O thu c l: (bit khi
a
lng ring ca ancol l 0,8 g/ml).

kh
A. 3,79 lt B. 6 lt C. 3,8 lt D. 4,8 lt

Cu 19. Mt h gia nh huyn Hng H tnh Thi Bnh c nh nu ru
bn trong dp Tt nguyn n 2015.Gia nh ny ang phn vn trong 4 phng n
sau:
Phng n i :Nu ru t go.Bit gi go l 12.000/1kg,hm lng tinh bt
75%,hiu sut cho c qu trnh nu l 80%.Gi ru l 20.000/lt.
Phng n Hc: Nu ru t ng.Bit gi ng l 6.000/1kg,hm lng tinh bt
40%, hiu sut cho c qu trnh nu l 60%.Gi ru 24.000/lt.
Phng n Ngoi:Nu ru t khoai.Bit gi khoai l 10.000/kg.Hm lng
tinh bt l 65%,hiu sut cho c qu trnh nu l 75%.Gi ru l 21.000/lt.
608
Phng n Thng: Nu ru t sn.Bit sn c gi l 5000/kg,hm lng tinh

bt 30%,hiu sut cho c qu trnh nu l 60%.Gi ru l 30.000/lt.
Vi cc chi ph khc l nh nhau (xem nh =0) v ru l 400 khi lng ring
ca ancol (ru) l 0,8gam/ml nu gia nh ny b ra 60 triu nu ru th s
tin li ln nht c th l :
A. 55 triu B. 46,46 triu C. 42,22 triu D. 61,75 triu
Cu 20: Khi ln men nc qu nho thu c 100 lt ru vang 100 (bit hiu sut
phn ng ln men t 95% v ancol etylic nguyn cht c khi lng ring l 0,8
g/ml) . Gi thit trong nc qu nho ch c mt loi ng glucoz . Khi lng
ng glucoz c trong nc qu nho dng l:
A. 16,476 kg B. 15,652 kg C. 19,565 kg D. 20,595 kg
n
Cu 21. t chy hon ton mt hn hp X gm glucoz, anehit fomic, axit
.v
axetic cn 2,24 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH) 2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 6,2. B. 4,4. C. 3,1. D. 12,4.
Cu 22: Thy phn m gam hn hp X gm mantoz v saccaroz c t l mol tng
ng l 3 : 2 v hiu sut thy phn ln lt l 80% v 75% thu c dung dch Y.
.c
Cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 un nng, thu c
90,72 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 85,50. B. 108,00. C. 75,24. D. 88,92.
Cu 23: Ln men dung dch cha 300 gam glucoz thu c 92 gam ancol etylic.
bo
Hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men to thnh ancol etylic l:

A. 50%. B. 70%. C. 60%. D. 80%.
Cu 24:Thy phn hn hp gm 0,02mol saccaroz v 0,01mol mantoz mt thi
et
gian thu c dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%).
Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 th
vi
lng Ag thu c l:
ng

Cu 25: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi
xenluloz (hiu sut phn ng 60% tnh theo xenluloz). Nu dng 2 tn xenluloz
a
th khi lng xenluloz trinitrat iu ch c l:

kh
A. 2,20 tn. B. 2,97 tn. C. 1,10 tn. D. 3,67 tn.

Cu 26: Mt mu glucoz c cha 2% tp cht c ln men ru vi hiu sut
45% th thu c 1lit ru 46 . Bit khi lng ring ca ru nguyn cht l
0,8g/ml, khi lng ring ca H 2 O l 1g/ml. Khi lng mu glucoz dng l:
A.735g B.1600g C.720g D.1632,65g
Cu 27: Cho 2,5 kg glucoz cha 20% tp cht ln men thnh ru (ancol) etylic.
Tnh th tch dung dch ru 400 thu c? Bit ru nguyn cht c khi lng
ring 0,8 g/ml v trong qu trnh ch bin, ru b hao ht mt 10%.
A. 2300,0 ml. B. 2875,0 ml. C. 3194,4 ml. D. 2785,0 ml.
609
Cu 28: Ln men m kg go cha 80% tinh bt iu ch c 10 lt ru (ancol)

etylic 36,80. Bit hiu sut c qu trnh iu ch l 50% v khi lng ring ca
ru nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 16,200. B. 20,250. C. 8,100. D. 12,960.
Cu 29: Ly 16,2 kg xenluloz tc dng ht vi anhirit axetic d trong iu kin
thch hp iu ch t axetat thu c m gam hn hp X gm 2 polime. trung
ha 1/1000 lng axit sinh ra cn 140 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Phn trm v khi
lng mt polime trong X l:
A. 17,60%. B. 20,00%. C. 22,16% . D. 29,93%.
Cu 30: Thc hin phn ng ln men ru t 1,5 kg tinh bt , thu c ru etylic
v CO 2 . Cho hp th lng kh CO 2 sinh ra vo dd nc vi trong thu c 450
n
gam kt ta. Lc b kt ta, sau un nng phn dd li thu c 150 gam kt ta
.v
na . Hiu sut phn ng ln men ru l:
A. 40,5% B. 85% C. 30,6% D. 81%
om
Cu 31: Dng 5,75 lt dd ru etylic 6 ln men iu ch gim n ( gi s phn
o
ng hon ton, khi lng ring ca ru etylic l 0,8 g/ml). Khi lng axit
axetic c trong gim n thu c l: .c
A. 360g B. 270g C. 450g D. 575g
Cu 32: Chia m gam glucoz lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt em thc hin
ok
phn ng trng gng thu c 27g Ag. Phn hai cho ln men ru thu c V ml
ru(d = 0,8g/ml). Gi s cc phn ng u xy ra vi hiu sut 100%. Gi tr ca
bo
V l:
A. 7,19 ml B.11,5 ml C.14,375 ml D. 9,2 ml.
Cu 33. Thy phn 34,2 gam mantozo vi hiu sut 50% . Dung dch sau phn ng
et
cho tc dng vi dd AgNO3 / NH 3 d . Khi lng Ag kt ta l:

vi
A. 10,8 B. 43,2 C. 32,4 D. 21,6

Cu 34: Thy phn mt lng saccaroz, trung ha dung dch sau phn ng v
ng
bng phng php thch hp ,tch thu c m gam hn hp X gm cc gluxit,ri

chia thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt tc dng vi mt lng H 2 d (Ni,to)thu
c 14,56 gam sobitol. Phn hai ha tan va ng 6,86 gam Cu(OH) 2 nhit
a
thng . Hiu sut phn ng thy phn saccaroz l:

kh
A. 40% B. 80% C. 50% D. 60%

Cu 35: Cho 34,2 gam Mantozo thy phn trong H 2 O/H vi hiu sut t 70%,
+
sau phn ng thu c dung dch X. Trung ha dung dch X ri cho phn ng
trng gng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d c m gam bc. Gi tr ca
m l:
Cu 36: Thy phn hon ton 7,02 gam hn hp X gm glucoz v saccaroz
trong dung dch H 2 SO 4 thu c dung dch Y. Trung ha ht lng axit trong
dung dch Y ri cho phn ng ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong
610
NH 3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca saccaroz trong
hn hp X l:
A. 24,35%. B. 97,14%. C. 12,17%. D. 48,71%.
Cu 37: Cho hn hp X gm H 2 , isopren, axetilen, anehit acrylic, anehit oxalic,
trong H 2 chim 50% v th tch. Cho 1mol hn hp X qua bt Ni, nung nng,
sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp Y. Bit t khi ca Y so vi X bng 1,25. Y
phn ng va vi V lt dung dch Br 2 1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,8. B. 0,5. C. 1. D. 1,25.
Cu 38. Hn hp X gm saccaroz v glucoz cng s mol c un nng vi
Ag 2 O d/dung dch NH 3 thu c 3 gam Ag. Nu thy phn hon ton hn hp ri
mi cho sn phm thc hin phn ng trng bc th lng Ag ti a c th thu
n
c l:
.v
A. Vn 3 gam B. 6 gam C. 4,5 gam D. 9 gam
om
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm saccaroz v mantoz c t l v khi lng tng ng l
1:3. Thy phn m gam X trong mi trng axit (hiu sut phn ng thy phn u
t 70%), trung ha dd sau phn ng, sau thm tip mt lng d dd AgNO 3
trong NH 3 d vo th thu c 276,48 gam Ag kt ta Gi tr ca m l:
.c
A. 273,6. B. 256,5. C. 290,7. D. 205,2
ok
Cu 40: Thuy phn hoan toan 6,84 gam saccaroz trong mi trng axit v i hiu
sut 80%, thu c dung dich X. Cho toan b dung dich X phan ng ht vi lng
d dung dich AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nong, thu c m gam Ag. Gia tri cua m la:
bo
A. 8,64 B. 4,32 C. 3,456 D. 6,912

Cu 41: Cho 36 gam Glucoz ln men vi H = 80% s mol CO 2 thu c cho vo
et
dung dich Ca(OH) 2 d khi lng kt ta thu c l:

vi
Cu 42: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d
AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH 3 thu c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol/l ca
ng
dung dch glucoz dng l:

A. 0,02M. B. 0,20M. C. 0,01M. D. 0,10M.
a
Cu 43: T m gam tinh bt iu ch c 575ml ru etylic 10 (khi lng ring

0
kh
ca ru nguyn cht l 0,8 gam/ml) vi hiu sut c qu trnh l 75%, gi tr ca

m l:
A. 60,75 gam. B. 108 gam. C. 75,9375 gam. D. 135 gam.
Cu 44: Thy phn m (gam) tinh bt trong mi trng axit(gi s s thy phn ch
to glucozo). Sau mt thi gian phn ng, em trung ha axit bng kim, sau
cho tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d thu c m (gam) Ag.
Hiu sut ca phn ng thy phn tinh bt l:
A. 66,67%. B. 80%. C. 75%. D. 50%.
611
Cu 45: iu ch axit axetic t tinh bt c thc hin theo s sau:

+
Tinh bt + C 6 H 12 O 6
0
men r u
C 2 H 5 OH
H 2O,H , t
+ O men gia m
2
CH 3 COOH.
Bit hiu sut ca c qu trnh trn bng 60%. Khi lng tinh bt cn dng
iu ch c 120 kilogam dung dch axit axetic 10% theo s trn l:
A. 27,0 kilogam. B. 24,3 kilogam.
C. 17,7 kilogam. D. 21,9 kilogam.
Cu 46: Thy phn 51,3 gam saccaroz vi hiu sut 75%, thu c dung dch X.
Cho X phn ng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , un nng, thu
c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A. 43,2 B. 47,52 C. 48,6. D. 37,8
.v
Cu 47: un nng 61,56 gam Mantoz trong dd H 2 SO 4 long, trung ha axit sau
phn ng ri cho hn hp tc dng hon ton vi dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 , un nng thu
om
c 62,208 gam Ag. Hiu sut thy phn Mantoz:
A. 80,5% B. 60,0% C. 65,45% D. 62,5%
.c
gian thu c dd X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht ln lt l 60% v
ok
75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi dd AgNO 3 /NH 3 d th lng Ag thu c
l:
bo
Cu 49:Thy phn 34,2 gam mantoz vi hiu sut 50%. Sau tin hnh phn
ng trng bc vi dung dch thu c. Khi lng Ag kt ta thu c l:
et
A.10,8gam B.43,2 gam C.32,4 gam D.21,6 gam

Cu 50: t chy hon ton mt hn hp X gm (glucoz,frutoz,metanal,v
vi
etanoic)cn 3,36 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch

Ca(OH) 2 ,d ,sau phn ng hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
ng
A.15,0 B.20,5 C.10,0 D.12,0

Cu 51: un nng 85,5 gam mantoz trong dung dch axit sunfuric long, un
a
nng, trung ha axit sau phn ng ri cho hn hp tc dng hon ton vi lng
kh
d AgNO 3 /NH 3 , un nng thu c 97,2 gam Ag. Vy hiu sut phn ng thy
phn mantoz l:
A. 70.45% B. 65,5% C. 80,0% D. 87,5%
Cu 52. un nng dung dch cha 18 gam hn hp glucoz v fuctoz vi lng
d dung dch AgNO 3 / NH 3 n phn ng hon ton thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 5,4g B. 21,6 g C. 10,8 g D. 43,2 g
Cu 53: Tin hnh sn xut ancol etylic t xenluloz vi hiu sut ca ton b qu
trnh l 70%. sn xut 2 tn ancol etylic, khi lng xenluloz cn dng l :
A. 10,062 tn. B. 2,515 tn. C. 3,512 tn. D. 5,031 tn.
612
Cu 54. Tin hnh ln men gim 460 ml ancol etylic 80 vi hiu sut bng 30%.
Bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml v ca nc bng
1g/ml. Nng phn trm ca axit axetic trong dung dch thu c l :
A. 7,99% B. 2,47% C. 2,51% D. 3,76%.
Cu 55. Thy phn hon ton 95,4 gam hn hp X gm glucozo v saccarozo
trong mi trng axit, thu c dung dch Y. Trung ha axit trong dung dch Y sau
cho thm dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 d, un nng, thu c 118,8 gam Ag.
Thnh phn % v khi lng ca glucozo trong hn hp X l:
A. 28,3% B. 24,35% C. 18,47% D. 22,19%
Cu 56. Thc hin phn ng trng gng 72 gam dung dch glucozo nng 10%
vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , nu hiu sut phn ng trng
n
gng l 80% th s gam bc thu c l:
.v
Cu 57. Xenlunozo trinitrat c iu ch t phn ng gia axit nitric vi
om
xenlunozo (hiu sut phn ng 60% tnh theo xenlunozo). Nu dng 1 tn
xenlunozo th khi lng xenlunozo trinitorat iu ch c l:
A. 1,10 tn B. 1,485 tn C. 0,55 tn
.c D. 1,835 tn
Cu 58: Thc hin phn ng trng gng 36 gam dung dch fructoz 10% vi
lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , nu hiu sut phn ng 40% th khi lng
ok
bc kim loi thu c l:
bo
Cu 59: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO 2 sinh ra hp

th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung
et
dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban
u. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 13,5. B. 15,0. C. 20,0. D. 30,0.

Cu 60: Cho Glucoz ln men thnh Ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO 2 sinh ra trong
ng
qu trnh ny c hp th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d to ra 50 gam kt ta,

bit hiu sut qu trnh ln men t 80%. Vy khi lng Glucoz cn dng l:
a

Cu 61: Thy phn m gam sacarozo trong dung dch HCl, un nng vi hiu sut
kh
75%. Cho sn phm thu c em trng bc c 64,8 gam Ag. Khi lng m l:
A. 51,3g B. 76,95g C. 68,4g D. 136,8g
Cu 62: Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 4.860.000
(u). Vy s mc xch ca glucoz c trong xenluloz nu trn l:
A. 25.000 B. 27.000 C. 30.000 D. 35.000
Cu 63: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc
axit sunfuric c, nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha
m kg axit nitric (hiu sut phn ng t 90%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 30 kg. B. 42 kg. C. 21 kg. D. 10 kg.
613
Cu 64.un nng 34,2 gam mantoz trong dung dch axit sunfuric long. Trung
ha dung dch thu c sau phn ng bng dung dch NaOH ri cho tc dng hon
ton vi dung dch AgNO 3 /NH 3 d, un nng thu c 37,8 gam Ag. Hiu sut
phn ng thy phn mantoz l:
A. 75,0%. B. 69,27%. C. 62,5%. D. 87,5%.
Cu 65: Thc hin phn ng ln men ru t 2,025 kg khoai cha 80% tinh bt
(cn li l tp cht tr), thu c C 2 H 5 OH v CO 2 . Cho ton b lng CO 2 hp
th ht vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 c 450 gam kt ta, lc b kt ta, un nng
dung dch li thy c 150 gam kt ta na. Hiu sut phn ng ln men l:
A. 30,0%. B. 85,0%. C. 37,5%. D. 18,0%.
Cu 66: Tin hnh phn ng thy phn 17,1(g) mantoz (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) trong mi
n
trng axit vi hiu xut phn ng thy phn l 80% , Ly ton b dung dch
.v
sau phn ng (sau khi trung ha axit) cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong
NH 3 d, un nng . Khi lng (g) Ag thu c sau phn ng l:
om
A. 19,44. B. 21,6. C. 10,8. D. 17,28.
Cu 67. Ln men dung dch cha 360 gam glucoz thu c 69 gam ancol etylic.
Hiu sut ca qu trnh ln men to thnh ancol etylic l:
.c
A. 60. B. 75. C. 25. D. 37,5.
Cu 68: Cho khi lng ring ca cn nguyn cht l D = 0,8 g/ml. Hi t 10 tn
ok
v bo (cha 80% xenluloz) c th iu ch c bao nhiu lt cn thc phm 40
(bit hiu sut ca ton b qu trnh iu ch l 64,8%)?
bo
A. 294 lt. B. 368 lt. C. 920 lt. D. 147,2 lt.

Cu 69: Thy phn dung dch cha 34,2 gam mantoz mt thi gian. Ly ton b
sn phm thu c sau phn ng thy phn cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch
et
AgNO 3 trong NH 3 , sau phn ng hon ton thu c 31,32 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca
vi
phn ng thy phn mantoz l:

A. 55%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 45% .
ng
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n B
a
Ch : Man d vn tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 (Rt nhiu bn qun ch ny ).

kh
= 0,01(mol) n Ag
n Man = 0,01.H.4 + 0,01(1 H).2= 0,035 H = 0,75%
Cu 2: Chn p n B
Ch : Man d phn c phn ng trng Ag nh !
n Ag = 0,02.0,75.4 + 0,01.0,75.4 + 0,01.0,25.2 = 0,095(mol)
Cu 3: Chn p n A
Ch : Man d vn cho phn ng trng gng
n sac = a
n=
Ag 60%.a.4 + 60%.2a.4 + 40%.2a.2
= 0,88
n man = 2a
614
a = 0,1 m = 102,6 (gam)

Cu 4: Chn p n C
le n men
C6 H12 O6 2CO2 + 2C2 H 5OH
m dung
= NaOH
dch
1000.1,05
= 1050(gam);=
n NaOH 2(mol)
NaHCO3 : a(mol) BTNT Cac bon
n CO = a + b
Na2 CO3 : b(mol) 2

BTNT.Na
a + 2b = 2

BTKL 84a + 106b
1050 + 44(a + b) = 0,12276
.v
a = 1 0,75.180
n CO =1,5 n Glu =0,75 m glu = =180(gam)
b = 0,5 0,75
om
2
Cu 5: Chn p n B
n xenlulo n glu 2n ancol
Vancol =
10
.0,8.2.46.
1
.c
.0,648 = 3,68 VH2 O =
3,68.0,55
= 4,498
162 0,8 0,45
ok
m con= 3,68.0,8 + 4,498= 7,442(gam)
Cu 6: Chn p n C
bo
36,8.0,8
Vruou = 460.0, 08 = 36,8 m ruou = 29, 44 n ruou = = 0,64
46
et
V
= nuoc m=nuoc 423,2
0,64.60.0,3
vi
%CH 3 COOH = = C
29, 44 + 423,2
ng
Cu 7: Chn p n B
Ch : Sacarozo khng c phn ng trng bc.
a
1Man
AgNO3 / NH3
2Ag do c ngay: n Ag = 0,01 n Man = 0,005(mol)
kh
Cu 8. Chn p n B
Man : a(mol )
35,64
glu : b(mol )
=
nb nsobitol 0,16 =
a 0,02(mol ) n=
Ag 0,36(mol )
Cu 9: Chn p n C
Glu : a(mol) 2a=
+ 2b 0,02=a 0,005(mol)
1 phan : C
Man : b(mol) 2a + 4b 0,03=
= b 0,005(mol)
Ch : Chia thnh hai phn nh
615
Cu 10: Chn p n C
Ch : tnh M ca 2 cht trn rt nhiu bn hong lon hoc phi h
hc vit cng thc ra.Ta s t duy ng chi kiu nh vy. Cc bn ch
cn c to 1 gc este th XLL mt i 1H v c nhn thm vo
(CH 3 -CO -) khi c ngay:
a : XLLdi 162 2 =
+ 43.2 246 246a += 288b 11,1= a 0,01(mol)

b : XLLtri 162 =
3 + 43.3 288 =2a + 3b 6,6 / 60= b 0,03(mol)
Cu 11: Chn p n A
Hai cht l ng phn ca nhau (y l ng phn hnh hc) vy M, N l
CHBr = CHBr
n

BTKL
0,15.160 + 0,15.26
= 13,392 + m
= m A
.v
Cu 12: Chn p n B
om
M Y n X 18,75 n = 2 mX =30 C 2 H 4
m X =m Y = = =1,25 X
MX nY 15 n Y = 1,6
n= 0,4
= n C 2 H6 .c
%C 2 H 6 =
40%
m X = 30
ok
Cu 13: Chn p n A
Ch : Man khng b thy phn hon ton li trng bc c:
bo
M= man =
M sac 342

n Ag =0,2 n Man + n Sac =0,05
et
H =80%
= 0,168 0,8.4.n Sac + n Man .0,8.4 + n Man .0,2.2
=n Man + n Sac 0,05 = n Man 0,02(mol)
vi

9n Man += 8n Sac 0,42 =
n Sac 0,03(mol)
ng
Cu 14. Chn p n B

a
XLL :162

kh
XLLtrinitrat : 297
2
.0,6.297 = 2,2
16
Cu 15. Chn p n A
Glu : a
180a + 342b
= 7,02 =
a 0,02(mol)
7,02 Sac : b glu + fru
nAg = 0,08 = 2a + 4b 0,08 = b 0,01(mol)

Ch : fru trong mi trng NH 3 Glu v c trng bc
616
Cu 16. Chn p n D
C 6 H 7 O2 ( OH )3 n + 3nHNO3 C 6 H 7 O2 ( ONO2 )3 + 3nH 2 O

0
H 2 SO 4 ,t
n
lm nhanh cu ny cc bn chu kh nh cht nh!

XLL + 3HNO3 XLLtrinitrat(297)

0,6.63 1 1
n XLLtrinitrat = 0,2 n axit = 0,6 V = 0,9967 . 1,52 . 0,9 = D

Cu 17. Chn p n B
n Glu = 2 n CO2 = 2.2.0,8 = 3,2(mol)
Cu 18. Chn p n C
n
2975 2975 46 1
.v
=
n Glu V = .2.0,8. . = C
180 180 0,8 0,4
om
Cu 19. Chn p n A
Gi s ta mang 60.000 i mua nguyn liu nu th cho mi phng n.
Vi phng n i ta s c :
m Gao = 5kg m Tinh Bot = 3,75 n tb =

3,75
.c
n ancol = 2.
3,75
.80%
162 162
ok
3,75
2. .80%.46
Vancol
40
=
0
162 = 5,324(lit) Money = 5,324.20 = 106, 48k
bo
0,8.0, 4
Vi phng n Hc ta s c :
et
4 4
m Ngo =10kg m Tinh Bot =4 n tb = n ancol =2. .60%
162 162
vi
4
2. .60%.46
ng
Vancol
=
40 0
162 = 4,259(lit) Money = 4,259.24 = 102,22k
0,8.0, 4
Vi phng n Ngoi ta s c:
a
3,9 3,9
m Khoai = 6kg m Tinh Bot = 3,9 n tb = n ancol = 2. .70%
kh
162 162
3,9
2. .70%.46
40 0
Vancol
= 162 = 4,845(lit) Money
= 4,845.21
= 101,75k
0,8.0, 4
Vi phng n Thng ta s c :
3,6 3,6
msan = 12kg m Tinh Bot = 3,6 n tb = n ancol = 2. .60%
162 162
617
3,6
2. .60%.46
0
Vancol
40
= 162 = 3,833(lit) Money= 3,83.30= 115k
0,8.0, 4
Cu 20: Chn p n A
8 1 100
Vru =100.0,1 = 10(lit) m ru =
10.0,8 =
8 m glu = . .180. 16,476
=
46 2 95
Cu 21. Chn p n A
Ch : ( CH 2 O ) n + nO2 nCO2 + nH 2 O
n H2 O = n CO2 = n O2 = 0,1 m = 6,2
n
Cu 22: Chn p n A
.v
Man : 3a BTE
X
= n Ag =
0,84 3a.0,8.4 + 3a.0,2.2 + 2a.0,75.4=
a 0,05
Sac : 2a
om
Man : 0,15(mol)
m= 85,5(gam)
Sac : 0,1(mol)
Cu 23: Chn p n C
.c
5
ok
nGlu = (mol) 2
3 H= = 60%
n 5
ancol = 2(mol) 2.
3
bo
Cu 24: Chn p n B
Cc bn ch nh khi thy phn Man d vn trng bc cn Sac th khng. Ch
et
ny rt nhiu bn qun y .

Mandu : 0, 0025
H 0, 75
vi

Glu Sac 0, 75.2(0, 02 0, 01) 0, 045

ng
n Ag 0,0075.2 0,045.2 0,095(mol )

Cu 25: Chn p n A
a
( M 162) XLL 3HNO3 XLLtrinitrat ( M 297)

kh
2
m .297.0,6 2, 2
162
Cu 26: Chn p n D
V ru = 460 ml m ru = 368n ru = 8 n Glu = 4
1 1
m Glu = 4. 180. . =D
0,98 0, 45
Cu 27: Chn p n B
2,5 1 1
V = .0,8.2.46. . .0,9 2,875
180 0,8 0, 4
618
Cu 28: Chn p n D
0,032.162
n r=
u
0,064 n TB
= 0,032 m
= = 12,960(gam)
0,8.0,5
Cu 29: Chn p n A
Cc bn nh: Trong xenlulozo c 3 nhm OH.
n xenlulo = 0,1 este(3chuc) : a =a + b 0,1= a 0, 08
X
=n NaOH 0,28 este(2chuc) : b 3a= + 2b 0,28=b 0, 02
m este(3chuc) = (162 3.17 + 59.3).0, 08 = 23, 04

m este(2chuc) = (162 2.17 + 59.2).0, 02 = 4,92 4,92
n
=
A
M
XLL = 162 4,92 + 23, 04
.v
M
CH3COO = 59
om
Cu 30: Chn p n A
Ca ( HCO3 )2
0
t
CaCO3 + CO2 + H 2 O
Bo ton nguyn t cc bon c ngay:
.c
nCO2 =4,5 + 2.1,5 =7,5 n tinh bot =3,75 m tinh bot =607,5
ok
607,5
H%
= =.100% 40,5%
1500
bo
Cu 31: Chn p n A
Ch : ru l s ml ru c trong 100 ml dung dch ru.
et
5,75.6
Vruou = =0,345 m ruou =D.V =276(gam) A
vi
100
Cu 32: Chn p n C
ng
0,25.46
n Ag= 0,25 n Glu= 0,125 n ru= 0,25 V= = 14,375 (ml)
0,8
a
Cu 33. Chn p n C
kh
n = 0,05
du
n Man =0,1 man n Ag =0,3 C
n Glu = 0,1
Cu 34: Chn p n A
Cc bn ch qu trnh thy phn: Sac Glu + Fruc
glu : 0,04
Ta c ngay: nsobitol =
0,08 nsac
thu y pha n
0,04
=
fruc : 0,04
Li c ngay: n Cu ( OH ) = 0, 07
2
(Glu + fruc + sac) = 0,14 n sac
du
= 0, 06
619
0,04
Vy hiu sut:=
H = 40%
0,1
Cu 35: Chn p n B
Cc bn ch nh: Man d vn tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3
34,2
n Man = =0,1 n Ag =0,07.2.2 + 0,03.2 =0,34 m Ag =B
342
Cu 36: Chn p n D
Glu : a 180a + 342b = 7,02 a = 0,02 0,01.342
7,02 %sac
= = 48,71
Sac : b 2a + 4b = n Ag = 0,08 b = 0,01 7,02
n
Cu 37: Chn p n A
thy cc cht trong X u c 2 lin kt .
.v
H : 0,5 n MY
n X = 1 2 m = const X = = 1,25 n Y = 0,8
om
ho n h p : 0,5 nY MX
= n n Hpha= n ng BTLK.
0,2 n Br 0,5.2 =
= 0,2 0,8 A
2 2
Cu 38. Chn p n D
3 gam Ag n Glu = a
.c
ok
Thy phn hon ton (n Glu + n Fruc ) = 3a
m Ag = 9
bo
Cu 39: Chn p n A
Ch : Man d vn cho phn ng trng gng
n sac = a(mol)
et
n=
Ag 70%.a.4
+ 70%.3a.4
+ 40%.2a.2
= 2,56

n man = 3a(mol) Thuy Phan Sac Thuy phan Man Man du Ag
vi
a= 0,2 m= 0,2.342 + 3.0,2.342= 273,6(gam)

ng
Cu 40: Chn p n D
6,84
n Sac = = 0,02 n Ag = 4.0,02.0,8 = 0,064 m Ag = 6,912
a
342
Cu 41: Chn p n C
kh
Cu ny cho im: n Glu =0,2 n CO2 =0,2.0,8.2 =0,32 C

Cu 42: Chn p n B
n Ag = 0,02 n glu = 0,01 [ glu ] = 0,2
Cu 43: Chn p n B
Vru= 57,5ml m ru= 57,5.0,846 n ru= 1
1 100
m
= .162.
= 108
2 75
620
Cu 44: Chn p n C
m m m.H
n Ag = n Glu = = n tinh bot = H= 75%
108 2.108 162
Cu 45: Chn p n A
120.10% 0,2 100
n axit = = 0,2 m tb = .162. = 27
60 2 60
Cu 46: Chn p n C
51,3
n Sac = = 0,15(mol) n Ag = 0,15.4.0,75 = 0,45(mol)
342
= = 48,6(gam)
m 0,45.108
n
Cu 47: Chn p n B
.v
Ch : Man d vn tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH 3 (Rt nhiu bn qun ch ny ).
om
61,56
n Man= = 0,18(mol) n Ag= 0,18.H.4
+ 0,18(1
H).2
= 0,576

342 Man bi thuy phan Man du Ag
H = 0,6 = 60% .c
Cu 48: Chn p n B
Ch : Man d phn c phn ng trng Ag nh !
ok
n Ag =0,8.4.0,6
+ 0,6.0,75.4
+ 0,6.0,25.2
=4,02
Thuy Phan Sac Thuy phan Man Man du
bo
Cu 49: Chn p n C
Ch : Man d vn cho phn ng trng Ag.
et
Ta c: n man = 0,1 n Ag = 0,1.50%.4 + 0,1.50%.2 = 0,3 m = 32, 4

Cu 50: Chn p n A
vi
X c chung cng thc l: ( CH 2O )n + nO 2 nCO 2 + nH 2O

ng
n CO= n Ophan n=
g
0,15 m
= 0,15.100
= 15
2 2
a
Cu 51: Chn p n C
Ch : Man d vn cho phn ng trng bc.
kh
85,5
n=Man = 0,25
Ta c: 342 0,25.h.4 + 0,25(1 h).2 = 0,9 h = 0,8 = 80%
n Ag = 0,9

Cu 52. Chn p n B
Ta c: 18
n hh = = 0,1 n Ag = 0, 2 m = 21,6
180
621
Cu 53: Chn p n D
162 100
Hiu sut ton b qu trnh l 70%, m = . = 5,031 tn.
46 70
Cu 54. Chn p n C
Ch : Khi lng dung dch thay i.
men gia m
C2 H 5OH + O2 CH3COOH + H 2 O
Vancol = 36,8 ml 36,8.0,8
Ta c: n ancol
= = 0,64
VH2 O = 423,2 46
n Ophan ng = n CH COOH = 0,64.0,3 = 0,192
n
2 3
0,192.60
.v
%CH
= 3
COOH = 2,51%
0,192.32 + 423,2 + 0,64.46
om
Cu 55. Chn p n A
Glu : a 180a + 342b = 95,4 a = 0,15 0,15.180
95,4 %Glu
= = 28,3%
Sac : b 2a + 4b = n Ag = 1,1 b = 0,2 .c 95,4
Cu 56. Chn p n D
ok
Ta c: n Glu = 0,04 m Ag = 0,04.2.0,8.108 = 6,912
Cu 57. Chn p n A
bo
Xenluno + 3HNO3 Xenlunotrinitrat + 3H 2 O

162 297
et
1.297
=
m 0,6. = 1,1
162
vi
Cu 58: Chn p n C
ng
Ch : Trong mi trng NH 3 fruc chuyn thnh glu v cho phn ng trng gng.
36.0,1
n fruc = = 0,02 n Ag = 0,02.2.40% = 0,016 m Ag = 1,728
180
a
Cu 59: Chn p n B
kh
m =
10 m CO= 3,4 m CO= 6,6 n CO= 0,15 n glu = 0,075
pha n ng
2 2 2
0,075.180
=
m = 15
0,9
Cu 60: Chn p n A
le n men
Ta c: C6 H12 O6 2CO2 + 2C2 H 5OH
0,5 1

BTNT
n=
CO 2 =
n CaCO 0,5 m
= glu . = 56, 25
.180
3
2 0,8
622
Cu 61: Chn p n C
Ta c: n Sac = a n Ag = 0,6 = 0,75a.4 a = 0, 2 m = 0, 2.342 = 68, 4
Cu 62: Chn p n A
4860000
=
Ta c: n = 30,000
162
Cu 63: Chn p n C
Ch : C 6 H 7 O2 ( OH )3 + 3nHNO3 C 6 H 7 O2 ( ONO2 )3 + 3nH 2 O
0
H 2 SO 4 ,t
n n
29,7 1
=
Ta c: m = .3.63. 21 (Kg)
297 0,9
n
Cu 64. Chn p n A
.v
Ch : Mantozo d vn cho phn ng trng bc.
n Man= 0,1 n Ag= 0,35= 0,1.H.4 + (0,1 0,1H).2 H= 0,75
om
Cu 65: Chn p n C
( C 6 H10O5 )n + nH 2O
0 +
t ,H
nC 6 H12 O6
men
2C 2 H 5OH + 2CO2
.c
CaCO3 : 4,5
ok
t0
Ca(HCO3 )2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H 2 O

BTNT.C

= n C n= 4,5 + 1,5 +=
1,5 7,5
bo
CO2
2025.0,8 7,5
n tinh bo=
t
n Glucozo= = 10 H= = 37,5%
162 10.2
et
Cu 66: Chn p n A
vi
Ch : Mantozo d vn cho phn ng trng bc.

17,1
ng
thu y pha n
Man Glu + Glu n=
= 0,05
Man
342
n Ag= 0,05.80%.4 + 0,05.20%.2= 0,18 m= 19,44
a
Cu 67. Chn p n D
kh
1Glu 2ancol
0,75.180
pha n ng
C ngay: n ancol = 1,5 n Glu = 0,75 H = = 37,5%
360
Cu 68: Chn p n C
10 10
Ta c: n xenlulo = .0,8 =n glu n ancol =2. .0,8
162 162
10
= m ancol 2. = 2,944
.46.0,648.0,8
162
623
2,944 1
=
V = . 9,2
0,8 0,4
Cu 69: Chn p n D
Ht sc ch : Man d vn cho phn ng trng bc (Ch ny nhiu em qun lm).
n Man= 0,1; n Ag= 0,29= 0,1.H.4 + 0,1(1 H).2 H= 0,45
CON NG T DUY S 31
K THUT GII BI TP PHN AMIN - AMINOAXIT
n
Con ng t duy :
.v
1. Cn nh cng thc ca Amin no n chc l Cn H 2 n +1 NH 2 t cc em suy
om
ra tt c cc cng thc ca Amin khc trn nguyn tc 1pi mt 2H.V d Amin c
mt ni i n chc s l Cn H 2 n 1 NH 2 .
2. Vi dng bi tp phn ng chy ch p dng BTNT ch v t l s mol
.c
( H 2O; CO2 ; N 2 ). Nu l tm CTPT hay Cu To cc em nn nhn nhanh qua p
ok
n trc.Ch khi t chy trong khng kh th c c lng N 2 khng kh trong
sn phm.
3. Khi tc dng vi axit th p dng bo ton khi lng hoc tng gim khi
bo
lng
4. Vi bi ton Amin tc dng vi dung dch mui.Cn ch kh nng to phc
et
ca Amin v nh l vi Amin n chc 1 mol Amin cho 1 mol OH-

5. Bi ton lin quan ti aminoaxit chnh l tng hp ca bi ton amin v axit
vi
hu c.
ng
HNG DN P DNG
a
Cu 1: Cho 9,85 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc no, ng ng lin tip tc dng

kh
va vi dung dch HCl thu c 18,975 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca 2

amin ln lt l:
A. CH 3 NH 2 v C 2 H 5 NH 2 . B. CH 3 NH 2 v C 3 H 5 NH 2 .
C. C 3 H 7 NH 2 v C 4 H 9 NH 2 D. C 2 H 5 NH 2 v C 3 H 7 NH 2 .
18,975 9,85
Ta c:
= BTKL
n HCl = 0, 25(mol) = n A min 0, 25(mol)
36,5
9,85 CH 3 NH 2
M A min= R + 16
= = 39, 4 R= 23, 4 Chn A
0, 25 C2 H 5 NH 2
624
Cu 2: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu

c 17,6 gam CO 2 , 12,6 gam H 2 O v 69,44 lt N 2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch
gm N 2 v O 2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh. X c cng thc l:
A. C 2 H 5 NH 2 . B. C 3 H 7 NH 2 .
C. CH 3 NH 2 . D. C 4 H 9 NH 2 .
Cc p n u cho ta thy X l amin no v n chc.
CO : 0,4(mol) BTNT.O 0,4.2 + 0,7
Ta c : 2
= n OPhan ng = 0,75
H 2 O : 0,7(mol) 2
2
n Khong
N
kh
=0,75.4 =3(mol)
2
n
0, 4

BTNT.N
n Trong
N=
X
( 3,1 =
3) .20, 2 =C = 2
0, 2
.v
Cu 3: Chia 1 amin bc 1,n chc A thnh 2 phn u nhau.
Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong nc ri thm dung dch FeCl 3 (d).Kt ta
om
sinh ra lc ri em nung ti khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn.
A. CH 3 NH 2 B. C 2 H 5 NH 2 C. C 3 H 7 NH 2
.c D. C 4 H 9 NH 2
D thy 1,6 gam l Fe 2 O 3
ok
n Fe=2 O3
0,01(mol)
BTNT.Fe
n=Fe3+
0,02 n= OH 0,06 n =
NH 2 0,06(mol)
4,05
Khi : M A + 36,5 = = 67,5 M A = 31 Chn A
bo
0,6
Cu 4: Cho hh X c th tch V 1 gm O 2 ,O 3 c t khi so vi H 2 =22.Cho hh Y c
tch V 2 gm metylamin v etylamin c t khi so vi H 2 =17.8333. t hon ton
et
V 2 hh Y cn V 1 hh X. Tnh t l V 1 :V 2 :
A.1 B.2 C.2,5 D.3
vi
V1 2V2 4V2
O 2 4 CH 3 NH 2 3 CO 2 3
ng
Ta c : v
O 3V1 C H NH V2 H O 17V2
3 4 2 5 2
3
2
6
a
V 9V1 8V2 17V2 V1

kh

BTNT.O
1 += + = 2
2 4 3 6 V2
Chn B
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton
vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch Y cha (m+15,4) gam mui. Mt khc
nu cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl th thu c dung dch Z cha
(m+18,25) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 56,1. B. 61,9. C. 33,65. D. 54,36.
625
15,4
a + 2b= = 0,7
Ala : a 22 a = 0,3(mol)

Glu : b a += 18,25 b = 0,2(mol) Chn A
b = 0,5
36,5
=
m 0,3.89 + 0,2.147
= 56,1(gam)
CO 2 (ktc) v 23,4 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, 0,45 mol X phn ng va vi dung dch
cha m gam HCl. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,95. B. 6,39. C. 6,57. D. 4,38.
n
CO2 :1,2 1,2 n H2O > n CO2 nY n = 0,2(mol)
= n = 2,4 n H2 O n CO
= Y
.v

H 2 O :1,3 0,5 2 n Z = 0,3(mol)
2
om
n Y = 0,18 m= 0,18.36,5= 6,57(gam)
0,45X
n Z = 0,27
Chn C .c
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 11,25 gam hn hp X gm 2 amin no, n chc, mch
h (trong phn t c s C nh hn 4) bng lng khng kh (cha 20% th tch O 2
ok
cn li l N 2 ) va th thu c CO 2 , H 2 O v 3,875 mol N 2 . Mt khc, cho 11,25
gam X trn tc dng vi axit nitr d th thu c kh N 2 c th tch b hn 2 lt (
bo
ktc). Amin c lc baz ln hn trong X l:

A. trimetylamin. B. etylamin.
C. imetylamin. D. N-metyletanamin.
et
CO2 : na

vi
a : Cn H 2n + 3 N H 2 O : a(n + 1,5)

N 2 : 0,5a
ng
n Ophan ng =
1,5na + 0,75a n Nkhong kh =6na + 3a
2 2
a
BTNT.nito 11,25
3,875
= 0,5a + 6na + 3a; =a
kh
14n + 17
a = 0,25 C H NH 2
X 2 5
n = 2 CH3 NHCH3
D dng suy ra trng hp 1C v 3C khng tha mn Chn C
Cu 8: Cho 0,15 mol axit glutamic vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung
dch X. Cho 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht
rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,125. B. 28,650. C. 34,650. D. 55,125.
626
n axit glu = 0,15(mol)

Ta c: n Hmax
+ = 0,65; n NaOH = 0,8 n H2 O = 0,65(mol)
n HCl = 0,35(mol)

BTKL
0,15.147 + 0,35.36,5 + 0,8.40
= m + 0,65.18 =
m 55,125(gam)
BI TP P DNG PHN AMIN

Cu 1: t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp X gm ba amin ng ng bng mt
lng khng khi va u , thu c 5,376 lit CO 2 , 7,56 gam H 2 O va 41,664 lit N 2 (
cac th tich khi o ktc , trong khng khi oxi chim 20% , nit chim 80% v th
tich). Gia tri cua m la:
n
.v
Cu 2**: Hn hp khi X gm etylamin va hai hirocacbon la ng ng lin tip .
t chay hoan to an 100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va u , thu c 550
om
ml hn hp Y gm khi va hi nc .Nu cho Y i qua dung dich axit sunfuric c
(d) thi con lai 250 ml khi (cac th tich khi va hi o cung iu kin ). Cng thc
cua hai hirocacbon la: .c
A. CH 4 va C 2 H 6 B. C 2 H 4 va C 3 H 6
C. C 2 H 6 va C 3 H 8 D. C 3 H 6 va C 4 H 8
ok
Cu 3(KB-2010): Trung hoa hoan toan 8,88 gam mt amin (bc mt, mach cacbon
khng phn nhanh) bng axit HCl, tao ra 17,64 gam mui. Amin co cng thc la:
bo
A. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 B. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2
C. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 D. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm AlCl 3 va va CuCl 2 .Hoa tan hn hp X vao nc thu c
et
200 ml dung dich A .Suc khi metyl amin ti d vao trong dung dich A thu c
vi
11,7 gam kt tua.Mt khac, cho t t dung dich NaOH ti d vao dung dich A thu
c 9,8 gam kt tua .Nng mol /l cua AlCl 3 va CuCl 2 trong dung dich A ln
ng
lt la:
A. 0,1M va 0,75M B. 0,5M va 0,75M
a
C. 0,75M va 0,1M D. 0,75M va 0,5M

Cu 5: Cho m gam amin n chc bc 1 X tac dung vi dung dich HCl va u thu
kh
c m + 7,3 gam mui. t chay hoan toan m gam X cn 23,52 lit O 2 (ktc).X co
th la:
A. CH 3 NH 2 B. C 2 H 5 NH 2
C. C 3 H 7 NH 2 D. C 4 H 9 NH 2
Cu 6: t chay hoan toan m gam mt amin bng lng khng khi va u thu
c 17,6 gam CO 2 , 12,6 gam H 2 O va 69,44 lit N 2 (ktc) .Bit trong khng khi
oxi chim 20% v th tich. CTPT cua X la:
A. C 2 H 5 NH 2 B. C 3 H 7 NH 2
C. CH 3 NH 2 D. C 4 H 9 NH 2
627
Cu 7: phan ng ht vi 400 ml dung dich hn hp HCl 0,5M va FeCl 3 0,8 M

cn bao nhiu gam hn hp gm metyl amin va etyl amin co ti khi so vi H 2 la
17,25?
Cu 8: Cho 15 gam hn hp X gm cac amin : anilin, metyl amin, imetyl amin,
ietylmetyl amin tac dung va u vi 50 ml dung dich HCl 1M. Khi lng san
phm thu c co gia tri la:
Cu 9: Cho hh X c th tch V 1 gm O 2 ,O 3 co t khi so vi H 2 =22.Cho hh Y c
n
V 2 hh Y cn V 1 hh X. tnh t l V 1 :V 2 ?
A.1 B. 2 C. 2,5 D. 3
.v
Cu 10: t chay hoan toan m gam hn hp X gm cac amin la ng ng cua
Vinyl amin thu c 41,8 gam CO 2 va 18,9 gam H 2 O. Gia tri cua m la:
om
Cu 11: Cho 9,85 gam hn hp 2 amin, n chc, bc 1 tc dng va vi dung
dch HCl thu c 18,975 gam mui. Khi lng HCl phi dng l:
.c
A. 9,521 B. 9,125 C. 9,215 D. 9,512
ok
Cu 12: Cho 20 gam hn hp 3 amin no, n chc, ng ng k tip, tc dng vi
dung dch HCl va , sau c cn thu c 31,68 hn hp mui. Nu 3 amin trn
trn theo th t khi lng mol tng dn vi s mol c t l 1: 10: 5 th amin c
bo
khi lng phn t nh nht c cng thc phn t l:

A. CH 3 NH 2 B. C 2 H 5 N C. C 3 H 7 NH 2 D. C 4 H 11 NH 2
et
Cu 13: Khi t chay hoan toan mt amin dn chc X , thu c 16,8 lit CO 2 , 2,8
lit N 2 (cac th tich khi o ktc) va 20,25 gam H 2 O.CTPT cua X la:
vi
A. C 4 H 9 N B. C 3 H 7 N C. C 2 H 7 N D. C 3 H 9 N
ng
Cu 14: Cho 20 gam hn hp gm 3 amin no, n chc l ng ng k tip nhau

tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1M, c cn dung dch thu c 31,68 gam
mui. Th tch dung dch HCl dng l:
a
A. 16ml B. 32ml C. 160ml D. 320ml

kh
Cu 15: Hn hp X gm metyl amin, etylamin va propyl amin co tng khi lng

la 21,6 gam va ti l v s mo l la 1:2:1. Cho hn hp X trn tac dung ht vi dung
dich HCl thu c m gam mui. Gia tri cua m la:
Cu 16: Cho 11,16 gam mt amin n chc A tc dng vi dd H 2 SO 4 long d
thu c 17,04 gam mui. Cng thc ca A l:
A. C 7 H 7 NH 2 B. C 6 H 5 NH 2 C. C 4 H 7 NH 2 D. C 3 H 7 NH 2
Cu 17: Trung ha hon ton 14,16 gam mt amin X bng axit HCl, to ra 22,92
gam mui. Amin X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit.
Amin X l:
628
A. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 . B. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 .
C. CH 3 CH 2 NHCH 3 . D. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 -
NH 2 .
Cu 18. Cho 50 gam dung dch amin n chc X nng 11,8% tc dng va
vi dung dch HCl, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm
bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan. S cng thc cu to ng vi cng
thc phn t ca X l:
A. 5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
Cu 19: Cho H 2 SO 4 trung ho 6,84 gam mt Amin n chc X thu c 12,72
gam mui. Cng thc ca Amin X l:
n
A. C 2 H 5 NH 2 B. C 3 H 7 NH 2 C. C 3 H 5 NH 2 D. CH 3 NH 2
.v
Ta c:
Cu 20. Ha tan Etyl amin vo nc thnh dung dch C%. Trn 300 gam dung
om
dch ny vi dung dch FeCl 3 d thy c 6,42 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca C l:
A. 3. B. 4,5. C. 2,25. D. 2,7.
Cu 21: t chy hon ton mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c
.c
17,6 gam CO 2 , 12,6 gam H 2 O v 69,44 lt kh N 2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch
gm N 2 v O 2 , trong oxi chim 20% th tch khng kh. S ng phn cu to
ok
ca X l:
A. 4. B. 5. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 22: Chia 1 amin bc 1, n chc A thnh 2 phn u nhau.
bo
Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong nc ri thm dung dch FeCl 3 (d). Kt ta sinh
ra lc ri em nung ti khi lng khng i c 1,6 gam cht rn.
et

vi
A. CH 3 NH 2 B. C 2 H 5 NH 2 C. C 3 H 7 NH 2 D. C 4 H 9 NH 2
Cu 23: Cho 1.22g hn hp X gm 2 amin bc 1 (c t l s mol l 1:2) tc dng
ng
va vi 400ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c dung dch Y.Mt khc khi t
chy hon ton 0.09mol hn hp X thu c mg kh CO 2 ; 1,344 lit (ktc) kh N 2
v hi nc. Gi tr ca m l:
a
A.3,42g B.5,28g C.2,64g D.3,94g

kh
P N CHI TIT PHN AMIN

Cu 1: Chn p n C

BTKL
m = m(C , H , N )
0, 24.12 + 0, 42.2 + (1,86 0, 45.4).28 =
5, 4( gam)
Cu 2: Chn p n B
Ta s gii bi ton bng k thut t duy kt hp vi p n nh sau:
Ta c V N2 < 50 m V H2O = 300 ; V CO2 > 200
Ta c C >2 loi A
629
Ta li c H = 6 Loi C, D
Cu 3: Chn p n D
Nhn nhanh qua p n thy c hai TH l amin n chc v 2 chc
8,88
TH 1:=
= 37( Loai ) M
17,64 8,88 0, 24
=nHCl = 0, 24(mol )
36,5 8,88
TH 2 : M= = 74 D
0,12
Cu 4: Chn p n D
Ch : Cu(OH) 2 to phc vi CH 3 NH 2
n
9,8
nCu ( OH= = 0,1(mol ) Cu 2 + : 0,1(mol )
.v
)2
98
A D
n = 11,7
om
3+
= 0,15(mol ) Al : 0,15(mol )
Al ( OH )3 78
Cu 5: Chn p n C

n=
7,3
= 0, 2
.c
CO : 0,6
Th p n ngay 2 O =2,1 C
HCl
36,5
ok
nO = 1,05 nO = 2,1 H 2O : 0,9
2
Cu 6: Chn p n A
bo
Nhn nhanh vo p n ta thy tt c u no n chc nn c ngay

nCO2 = 0, 4 0, 4
et
na min = 0, 2 C = = 2
nH 2O = 0,7 0, 2
vi
Cu 7: Chn p n B
nH + = 0, 2(mol )
ng
nOH = na min= 1,16(mol ) m= 1,16.2.17, 25= 40,02( gam)

nFe3+ = 0,32(mol )
Cu 8: Chn p n A
a
BTKL m = 15 + 0,05.36,5 = 16,825( gam)

kh
Cu 9: Chn p n B
V1 2V2 4V2
O2 4 CH 3 NH 2 3 CO2 3
C ngay v
O 3V1 C H NH V2 H O 17V2
3 4 2 5 2
3 2 6
V1 9V1 8V2 17V2 V
Bo ton O c ngay + = + 1 = 2
2 4 3 6 V2
630
Cu 10: Chn p n C
Cn H 2 n +1 N na min = 2(nH 2O nCO2 ) = 2(1,05 0,95) = 0, 2
=
m 0, 2.14 + 1,05.12 + 0,95.2
= 16,3( gam)
Cu 11: Chn p n C
18,975 9,85

BTKL
=
nHCl = 0, 25 =
mHCl 9,125( gam)
36,5
Cu 12: Chn p n B
31,68 20
nHCl = = 0,32(mol ) n1 : n2 : n3 = 0,02 : 0, 2 : 0,1
36,5
n

BTKL
0,02.R + 0, 2( R + 14) + 0,1( R + 28)
= 20 =
R 45
.v
Cu 13: Chn p n D
=
om
n 0, 25(mol ) na= 0, 25(mol )
N min
Ta c: nCO2 = 0,75(mol ) 3C C3 H 9 N

nH 2O = 1,125(mol ) nH = 2, 25 9 H .c
Cu 14: Chn p n D
ok
31,68 20
=
nHCl = 0,32(mol ) V =HCl 320(ml )
36,5
bo
Cu 15: Chn p n B
CH 3 NH 2 : a

et
Ta c: C2 H 5 NH 2 : 2a .
C H NH : a
3 7
vi

BTKL
31a + 45.2a + 59a = 21,6 a = 0,12
ng

BTKL
m = 21,6 + 4.0,12.36,5 = 39,12 gam
Cu 16: Chn p n B
a
Ch : Sn phm l mui (RNH 3 ) 2 SO 4

kh
17,04 11,16 11,16

BTKL
n=
axit = 0,06 M=A = 93 C6 H 5 NH 2
98 0,06.2
Cu 17: Chn p n B
X tc dng vi axit nitr nhit thng, gii phng kh nit X l amin
bc 1 loi C.
Trng hp 1: Amin 2 chc.
22,92 14,16 14,16

BTKL
=
n HCl = 0,24 = n X 0,12 = MX = 118 (loi)
36,5 0,12
631
Cu 18: Chn p n D
50.11,8 9,55 5,9
m a=
min = 5,9
BTKL
n=
HCl = 0,1 C 3 H 9 N
100 36,5
Cu 19: Chn p n C
Ta c:
12,72 6,84 6,84

BTKL
n=
axit = 0,06 M a =
min = 57 C3 H 5 NH 2
98 0,06.2
Cu 20: Chn p n D
6, 42
=
Ta c: n Fe(OH) = 0,06 (mol)
n
3
107
0,18.45
.v
n C2 H5 NH2 = n OH = 0,06.3 = 0,18 C% = = 2,7%
300
om
Cu 21: Chn p n D
n CO2 = 0,4 BTNT.Oxi 0,8 + 0,7

n Opha=
n ng
= 0,75 n Nkho=
ng kh
3
n
H2 O = 0,7 2
2 .c 2
n trong X
= 3,1 3 = 0,1 C : H : N = 2 : 7 :1 C 2 H 7 N Chn D
ok
N2
Cu 22: Chn p n A
D thy 1,6 gam l Fe 2 O 3
bo
n Fe=
2 O3
0,01
BTNT.Fe
n=
Fe3+
0,02 n=
OH 0,06 n =
NH 2 0,06
4,05
et
Khi : M A + 36,5 = = 67,5 M A = 31

0,6
vi
Cu 23: Chn p n B
Ta c th suy lun nhanh nh sau:
ng
V s C trong X phi ln hn 1 ngha l:

3,96 Chn B
n CO 2 > 0,09 m CO2 > 0,09.44 =
a
Ta s i gii mu mc bi ton trn nh sau:

kh
=n N 0,06
BTNT.N
n=
Trong X
NH 2 0,12
Ta c: 2 X c 1 amin n chc v 1
n X = 0,09
amin 2 chc
Vi th nghim t chy 0,09 mol X
R NH : a
=a + b 0,09= a 0,06
Ta c : 1 2
H2 N R2 NH2 : b a=+ 2b 0,12 =b 0,03
632
R NH 2 : 0,02
D dng suy ra 1,22 gam X c 1
H 2 N R 2 NH 2 : 0,01

BTKL
0,02(R1 + 16) + 0,01(R=
2 + 32) 1,22 2R
=1 + R2 58
Vy khi t 0,09 mol
CH NH 2 : 0,06
X 3 =
BTNT.C
m CO2 =
0,12.44 5,28
H 2 N CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 : 0,03
BI TP RN LUYN PHN AMINOAXIT
n
Cu 1: Cht X l mt -aminoaxit mch h, khng phn nhnh. C 1 mol X tc
.v
dng ht vi dung dch HCl, thu c 183,5 gam mui khan Y. Cho 183,5 gam
mui khan Y tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c 249,5 gam mui
om
khan Z. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l :
A. HOOCCH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2 )COOH. B. NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2 )COOH.
C. HOOCCH 2 CH(NH 2 )CH 2 COOH. D. HOOCCH(NH 2 )COOH.
.c
Cu 2: Cho 0,2 mol hp cht X c cng thc ClH 3 N-CH 2 -COOC 2 H 5 tc dng vi
dung dch cha 0,45 mol NaOH, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng, c cn dung dch
ok
thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 19,4. B. 31,1. C. 15,55. D. 33,1.
bo
Cu 3: Cho 0,1 mol X c cng thc phn t C 3 H 12 O 3 N 2 tc dng vi 240 ml dung

dch NaOH 1M un nng, sau phn ng thu c mt cht kh Y c mi khai v
dung dch Z. C cn Z c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 1,6. B. 10,6. C. 18,6. D. 12,2.

Cu 4: t chy hon ton 5,4 gam mt amin X n chc trong lng va khng
vi
kh (O 2 chim 20% th tch, cn li l N 2 ). Dn sn phm kh qua bnh ng nc

ng
vi trong d thu c 24 gam kt ta v c 41,664 lt (ktc) mt cht kh duy nht

thot ra. X tc dng vi HNO 2 to ra kh N 2 . X l:
A. imetylamin.
a
B. anilin. C. metylamin. D. Etylamin

Cu 5: Hn hp X gm alanin v axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton
kh
vi dung dch NaOH d thu c dung dch Y cha (m+15,4) gam mui. Mt khc
nu cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl th thu c dung dch Z cha
(m+18,25) gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 56,1. B. 61,9. C. 33,65. D. 54,36.
CO 2 (ktc) v 23,4 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, 0,45 mol X phn ng va vi dung
dch cha m gam HCl. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,95. B. 6,39. C. 6,57. D. 4,38.
633
Cu 7: Mui X c CTPT l CH 6 O 3 N 2 . un nng X vi NaOH thu c 1,12 lt

kh Y (Y l hp cht cha C, H, N v c kh nng lm xanh giy qu tm m).
Khi lng mui thu c l:
Cu 8: Vi xc tc men thch hp cht h c A b thu phn hon ton cho hai
aminoaxit thin nhin X v Y vi t l s mol ca cc cht trong phn ng nh
sau:1 mol A + 2 mol H 2 O 2 mol X + 1 mol Y. Thu phn hon ton 20,3 gam
A thu c m 1 gam X v m 2 gam Y. t chy hon ton m 2 gam Y cn 8,4 lt O 2
kc thu c 13,2 gam CO 2 , 6,3 gam H 2 O v 1,23 lt N 2 270C, 1 atm. Y c
CTPT trng vi CTG. Xc nh X,Y v gi tr m 1 , m 2 ?
n
A. NH 2 -CH 2 -COOH(15,5g), CH 3 -CH(NH 2 )-COOH; 8,9(g).
B. NH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -COOH(15g), CH 3 -CH(NH 2 )-COOH; 8,9(g).
.v
C. NH 2 -CH 2 -COOH(15g), CH 3 -CH(NH 2 )-COOH, 8,9(g).
om
D. NH 2 -CH 2 -COOH (15g), CH 2 (NH 2 )-CH 2 -COOH; 8,95(g).
Cu 9: t chy hon ton hn hp X hai amin no n chc mch h ng ng
VCO2 7
k tip thu c CO 2 v H 2 O c t l = .c . Nu cho 24,9 g hn hp X tc
VH 2O 13
dng vi HCl d c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
ok
A. 39,5 g B. 43,15 g C. 46,8 g D. 52,275 g
Cu 10: Peptit X c cu to bi mt amino axit trong phn t ch cha 1 nhm -
bo
COOH v 1 nhm -NH 2 . Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol X trong dung dch NaOH
(c ly d 20% so vi lng phn ng), c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
et
cht rn c khi lng nhiu hn X l 75 g. S lin kt peptit trong phn t X l:

A. 15. B. 17. C. 16. D. 14.
vi
Cu 11. Cho 1,38 gam X co cng thc phn t C 2 H 6 O 5 N 2 (la mui c a ng vi

150ml dung dich NaOH 0,2M). Sau phan ng c c n thu c m gam ch t rn Y.
ng
Gia tri m la:

A. 2,22 g. B. 2,62 g. C. 2,14 g. D. 1,13 g.
a
Cu 12. Cho 10,6 gam hp cht hu c X c CTPT C 3 H 10 N 2 O 2 phan ng vi mt

kh
lng va dung dich NaOH un nng , thu c 9,7 gam mui khan v kh Y
bc 1 lm xanh qu m. Cng thc cu to ca X l :
A. NH 2 COONH 2 (CH 3 ) 2 . B. NH 2 COONH 3 CH 2 CH 3 .
C. NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COONH 4 . D. NH 2 CH 2 COONH 3 CH 3 .
Cu 13. Hp cht X c t o ra t ancol n chc va aminoaxit cha mt chc
axit va mt chc amin. X c CTPT trung vi cng thc n gian nht. t chay
hoan toan 0,89 gam X cn va 1,2 gam O 2 va to ra 1,32 gam CO 2 , 0,63 gam
H 2 O. Khi cho 0,89 gam X tac dung vi 200ml dung dich NaOH 1M ri c cn thi
khi lng cht rn khan thu c la:
A. 1,37 g. B. 8,57 g. C. 8,75 g. D. 0,97 g.
634
Cu 14. Cho 22,15 gam mui gm H 2 NCH 2 COONa v H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 COONA

tc dng va vi 220 ml dd H 2 SO 4 1M. Sau phn ng c cn dd th c
lng cht rn thu c l:
Cu 15. X l - aminoaxit mch thng. Bit rng 0,01 mol X tc dng va vi
80 ml dd HCl 0,125M thu c 1,835 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho 2,94g X tc
dng va vi NaOH th thu c 3,82g mui. Tn gi ca X l:
A. Glyxin. B. alanin. C. lysin. D. axit glutamic
Cu 16. t chy ht a mol mt aminoaxit A thu c 2a mol CO2 v 2,5a mol
n
H 2 O . Nu cho 0,15 mol A tc dng va vi dd H 2 SO 4 to thnh mui trung
.v
ha c khi lng l:
A. 8,625g. B. 18,6g. C. 11,25g. D. 25,95g.
om
Cu 17. Amin c iu ch theo phn ng:
Trong RI, Iot chim 81,41%. t 0,15 mol cn bao nhiu lt (ktc)?
A. 7,56 lt. B. 12,6 lt. C. 15,95 lt.
.c D. 17,64 lt.
Cu 18: Dng 16,8 lt khng kh ktc (O 2 chim 20% v N 2 chim 80% th tch)
t chy hon ton 3,21 gam hn hp A gm hai amoniaxit no,n chc k tip
ok
nhau trong dy ng ng . Hn hp thu c sau phn ng em lm kh (hn
hp B) ri dn qua dung dch nc vi trong d thu 9,50 gam kt ta. Nu cho B
bo
vo bnh dung tch 16,8 lt, nhit 136,50C th p sut trong bnh lc ny l P.
Bit amoni axit khi chy sinh kh N 2 . Gi tr ca P l :
et
A. 1,504 atm B. 1,367 atm C. 1,496 atm D. 1,118 atm

Cu 19: X l mt -amino axit cha mt nhm chc axit. Cho X tc dng vi
vi
200 ml dung dch HCl 1M thu uc dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht

trong Y cn dng 300 ml dd NaOH 1M. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c 22,8
ng
gam hn hp mui. Tn gi ca X l:
A. Axit- 2- Amino Propanoic B. Axit-3- Amino Propanoic
a
C. Axit-2-Amino Butanoic D. Axit-2-Amino- 2-Metyl- Propanoic

Cu 20. Cho 0,1 mol hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t CH 6 O 3 N 2 tc dng vi
kh
dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu
c m gam rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 12,5. B. 21,8. C. 8,5. D. 15,0.
Cu 21. Hn hp X gm metylamin, etylamin, propylamin c tng khi lng 21,6
gam v t l v s mol tng ng l 1:2:1. Cho hn hp X trn tc dng ht vi
dung dch HCl thu c dung dch cha bao nhiu gam mui ?
635
Cu 22. Cho 0,02 mol aminoaxit X phn ng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl

0,25M. C cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c 3,67 gam mui. Phn t khi
ca X (vC) l:
A. 146. B. 147. C. 134. D. 157.
Cu 23: Cho 200 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80
ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch cha 10 gam mui. Khi lng mol
phn t ca X l:
A. 89 B. 103 C. 75 D. 125
Cu 24: t chy hon ton 11,25 gam hn hp X gm 2 amin no, n chc, mch
h (trong phn t c s C nh hn 4) bng lng khng kh (cha 20% th tch O 2
cn li l N 2 ) va th thu c CO 2 , H 2 O v 3,875 mol N 2 . Mt khc, cho 11,25
n
gam X trn tc dng vi axit nitr d th thu c kh N 2 c th tch b hn 2 lt (
.v
ktc). Amin c lc baz ln hn trong X l:
om
A. trimetylamin. B. etylamin.
C. imetylamin. D. N-metyletanamin.
Cu 25: Cho 0,1 mol cht X (C 2 H 8 O 3 N 2 ) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol
NaOH un nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm tm t v dung dch Y.
.c
C cn dung dch Y c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 5,7. B. 12,5. C. 15,5. D. 21,8.
Cu 26: Cho 9,3 gam cht X c cng thc phn t C 3 H 12 N 2 O 3 un nng vi 2 lt
dung dch KOH 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c mt cht kh lm qu
bo
tm m i thnh xanh v dung dch Y ch cha cht v c. C cn dung dch Y

thu c khi lng cht rn khan l:
et

Cu 27: Cho 0,1 mol amoni axit A tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 1,25
vi
M ,sau c cn dung dch th thu c 18,75 gam mui. Mt khc , nu cho 0,1
mol A tc dng vi lng dung dch NaOH va , em c cn thu c 17,3
ng
gam mui. CTCT thu gn ca A l:

A. C 6 H 18 (NH 2 )(COOH) B. C 7 H 6 (NH 2 )(COOH)
a
C. C 3 H 9 (NH 2 )(COOH) 2 D. C 3 H 5 (NH 2 )(COOH) 2

kh
Cu 28: Hn hp M gm anken X v 2 amino no,n chc ,mch h

Y,Z(M Y <M Z ). t chy hon ton mt lng M cn dng 21 lt O 2 sinh ra 11.2 lt
CO 2 )(cc th tch u o ktc). Cng thc ca Y l:
A. CH 3 CH 2 NHCH 3 . B.
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 .
C. CH 3 NH 2 . D. C 2 H 5 NH 2
Cu 29: Cho 12,4 gam hp cht hu c X c CTPT C 3 H 12 O 3 N 2 tc dng vi 300
ml dd NaOH 1M un nng sau phn ng hon ton c cht hu c Y v dd Z
ch cha cc cht v c. C cn Z c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr m l:
A. 14,6 gam B.10,6 gam C.8,5 gam D.16,5 gam.
636
Cu 30: Cho 20,15 gam hn hp X gm glyxin v alanin phn ng vi 200 ml

dung dch HCl 1M, thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y phn ng va vi 450
ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca glyxin trong hn hp
X l:
A. 55,83%. B. 53,58%. C. 44,17%. D. 47,41%.
NaOH un nng thu c hp cht amin lm xanh gy qu m v dung dch Y. C
cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Chn gi tr ng ca m.
Cu 32: Hn hp M gm hai cht CH 3 COOH v NH 2 CH 2 COOH. trung ho m
gam hn hp M cn 100ml dung dch HCl 1M. Ton b sn phm thu c sau
n
phn ng li tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Thnh phn phn
.v
trm theo khi lng ca cc cht CH 3 COOH v NH 2 CH 2 COOH trong hn hp
M ln lt l (%)
om
A. 40% v 60% B. 44,44% v 55,56%
C. 72,8% v 27,2% D. 61,54% v 38,46%
Cu 33: Phn t khi ca mt pentapeptit bng 373. Bit pentapeptit ny c to
.c
nn t mt amino axit m trong phn t ch c cha mt nhm amino v mt nhm
ok
cacboxyl. Phn t khi ca amino axit ny l:
A. 57,0. B. 89,0. C. 60,6. D. 75,0.
Cu 34: Cho 0,1 mol lysin tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH thu c
bo
dung dch X. Cho X tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y. C
cn cn thn Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
et
A. 33,6. B. 37,2. C. 26.3. D. 33,4.

vi

CO 2 (ktc) v 23,4 gam H 2 O. Mt khc, 0,45 mol X phn ng va vi dd cha
ng
m gam HCl. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,95 B. 6,39 C. 6,57 D. 4,38
a
kh
NaOH un nng thu c hp cht amin lm xanh gy qu m v dung dch Y. C

cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Chn gi tr ng ca m?
Cu 37: Cho 9,3 gam cht X c CTPT l C2 H 7O3 N tc dng vi dung dch cha 6
gam NaOH.Sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c m gam cht rn.Gi tr ca m
l :
A.8,6 B.7,3 C.9,2 D.10,14
Cu 38: Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit no (ch c nhm chc COOH v NH 2
trong phn t), trong t l m O : m N = 128 : 49. tc dng va vi 7,33 gam
637
hn hp X cn 70 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 7,33 gam
hn hp X cn 0,3275 mol O 2 . Sn phm chy thu c gm CO 2 , N 2 v m gam
H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 39: X l mt -amino axit cha mt nhm chc axit. Cho X tc dng vi
200 ml dd HCl 1M thu uc dd Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong Y cn dng
300 ml dd NaOH 1M. C cn dd sau phn ng thu c 22,8 gam hn hp mui.
Tn gi ca X l:
A. 2-Amino Butanoic B. 3- Amino Propanoic
C. 2-Amino- 2-Metyl- Propanoic D. 2- Amino Propanoic
n
Cu 40: Cho 12,4 gam hp cht hu c X c CTPT C 3 H 12 O 3 N 2 tc dng vi 300
dd NaOH 1M un nng, sau phn ng hon ton c cht hu c Y v dd Z ch
.v
cha cc cht v c. C cn Z c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr m l:
om
Cu 41: Cho 12,4 gam hp cht hu c X c CTPT C 3 H 12 O 3 N 2 tc dng vi
300ml dd NaOH 1M un nng,sau phn ng hon ton c cht hu c Y v dd
Z ch cha cc cht v c. C cn Z c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr m l:
.c
A.14,6gam B. 8,5gam C.10,6gam D.16,5gam
ok
Cu 42: Cho 0,15 mol axit glutamic vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c dung
dch X. Cho 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht
bo
rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,125. B. 28,650. C. 34,650. D. 55,125.
et
Cu 43: Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C 2 H 7 NO 2

tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH v un nng. Sau phn ng thu c dung
vi
dch Y v 4,48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy qu tm m).

T khi hi ca Z i vi H 2 bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng
ng
mui khan l:
a
Cu 44: Amino axit X c cng thc H 2 NC x H y (COOH) 2 . Cho 0,1 mol X vo 0,2 lt
dung dch H 2 SO 4 0,5M, thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va vi dung
kh
dch gm NaOH 1M v KOH 3M, thu c dung dch cha 36,7 gam mui. Phn
trm khi lng ca nit trong X l:
A. 11,966%. B. 10,526%. C. 9,524%. D. 10,687%.
Cu 45. Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit (ch cha nhm chc -COOH v -NH 2
trong phn t), trong t l khi lng mO: mN = 80: 21. Bit rng 3,83 gam X
tc dng va vi 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M. tc dng va 3,83 gam X cn
va V ml dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 50 B. 30 C. 40 D. 20
Cu 46. Hn hp X gm cc cht c cng thc phn t l C 2 H 7 O 3 N v
C 2 H 10 O 3 N 2 . Khi cho cc cht trong X tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch
638
NaOH d un nng nh u c kh thot ra. Ly 0,1 mol X cho vo dung dch cha
0,25 mol KOH. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch c cht rn Y, nung nng Y n
khi lng khng i c m gam cht rn. Tnh m ?
A. 16,9 gam. B. 17,25 gam. C. 18, 85 gam. D. 16,6 gam.
Cu 47. Cho X l mt amino axit. un nng 100 ml dung dch X 0,2M vi 80 ml
dung dch NaOH 0,25M th thy va v to thnh 2,5 gam mui khan. Mt khc
phn ng vi 200 gam dung dch X 20,6% phi dng va ht 400 ml dung dch
HCl 1M. Xc nh cng thc cu to c th c ca X. S ng phn cu to ca X
l :
A. 6 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5.
Cu 48: Amino axit X c cng thc H 2 N-C x H y -(COOH) 2 . Cho 0,1 mol X vo 0,2
n
lt dung dch H 2 SO 4 0,5 M , thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va vi
dung dch gm NaOH 1M v KOH 3M, thu c dung dch cha 36,7 gam mui.
.v
Phn trm khi lng ca nit trong X l:
om
A. 10,526% B. 11,966% C. 9,524% D. 10,687%
Cu 49: Cho 0,1 mol hp cht ha c c cng thc phn t CH 6 O 3 N 2 tc dng vi
dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c cht kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu
.c
c m gam rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
ok
A. 8,5. B. 15. C. 12,5. D. 21,8.
Cu 50: X l mt -aminoaxit cha mt nhm NH 2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho
8,9 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 12,55 gam mui. Cng thc cu to ca
bo
A l:
A. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 COOH B. CH 3 CH 2 CH(NH 2 )COOH
C. CH 3 CH(NH 2 )COOH D. CH 3 CH(NH 2 )CH 2 COOH
et
Cu 51: Cho 9 gam mt aminoaxit A (pht t ch cha mt nhm COOH) tc

dng vi lng d dd KOH thu c 13,56 gam mui. A l:
vi
A. Phenylalanin. B. Alanin
ng
C. Valin D. Glixin
Cu 52: Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit no (ch c nhm chc COOH v NH 2
trong phn t), trong t l m O : m N = 80 : 21. tc dng va vi 3,83 gam
a
hn hp X cn 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 3,83 gam
kh
hn hp X cn 3,192 lt O 2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (CO 2 , H 2 O v N 2 )

vo nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
Cu 53: X l mt -Aminoaxit no, cha 1 nhm -COOH v 1 nhm NH 2 . T 3m
gam X iu ch c m 1 gam ipeptit. T m gam X iu ch c m 2 gam
tripeptit. t chy m 1 gam ipeptit thu c 1,35 mol nc. t chy m 2 gam
tripeptit thu c 0,425 mol H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l:
639
Cu 54: Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C 3 H 7 O 2 N phn

ng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn
dung dch thu c 11,7 gam cht rn. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l:
A. CH 2 =CHCOONH 4 B. HCOOH 3 NCH=CH 2 .
C. H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 COOH. D. H 2 NCH 2 COOCH 3 .
Cu 55. Trn 0,15 mol CH 2 (NH 2 )COOCH 3 vi 200 gam dung dch NaOH 4% ri
un cho ti kh c m gam cn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,7. B. 16,55. C. 11,28. D. 21,7.
Cu 56. Cho cht X (RNH 2 COOH) tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl
1,25M thu c 15,35 gam mui. Phn t khi ca X c gi tr l:
n
A. 103. B. 117. C. 131. D. 115.
.v
Cu 57: Cho 2,67 gam mt amino axit X (cha 1 nhm axit) vo 100 ml HCl 0,2M
thu c dung dch Y. Y phn ng va vi 200 ml KOH 0,25M. Cng thc ca
om
X l:
A. (H 2 N)CHCOOH B. H 2 N C 5 H 10 COOH
C. H 2 N C 2 H 4 COOH D.
(H 2 N)C 4 H 7 COOH
.c
Cu 58: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp G gm 2 amino axit: no, mch h,
ok
hn km nhau 2 nguyn t C(1 NH2; 1 COOH) bng 8,4 lt O2 (va , ktc)
thu c hn hp sn phm X. Cho X li t t qua dung dch NaOH d nhn thy
khi lng dung dch tng ln 19,5 gam. Gi tr gn ng nht ca %khi lng
bo
amino axit ln trong G l:

A.50% . B .54,5% C.56,7% D.44,5%
et
Cu 59. Hn hp X gm axit glutamic v lysin. Bit:

- Cho m gam X phn ng va vi V lit dung dch HCl 1M.
vi
- Cho m gam X phn ng va vi V/2 lit dung dch NaOH 2M.

ng
Phn trm khi lng ca axit glutamic trong X l:

A. 66,81%. B. 35,08%. C. 50,17%. D. 33,48%.
Cu 60. Hn hp X gm tripeptit A v tetrapeptit B u c cu to bi glyxin v
a
alanin. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng nit trong A v B theo th t l 19,36%
kh
v 19,44%. Thy phn hon 0,1 mol hn hp X bng mt lng dung dch NaOH
va , thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 36,34 gam hn hp
mui. T l mol gia A v B trong hn hp X l:
A. 2:3. B. 7:3. C. 3:2. D. 3:7.
Cu 61: X l mt amino axit no (phn t ch c 1 nhm NH 2 v 1 nhm
COOH). Cho 0,03 mol X tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,05 mol HCl thu c
dung dch Y. Thm 0,1 mol NaOH vo Y sau phn ng em c cn thu c 7,895
gam cht rn. Cht X l:
A. Glyxin. B. Alanin. C. Valin. D. Lysin.
640
Cu 62: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol alanin v 0,2 mol glyxin tc dng vi 0,5 lt
dung dch NaOH 1M sau phn ng thu c dung dch X. em dung dch X tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d, sau c cn cn thn thu c m gam cht rn. Gi
tr ca m l:
A.68,3. B. 49,2. C. 70,6. D. 64,1
Cu 63.Cho 0,15 mol H 2 NCH 2 COOH vo 175 ml dung dch HCl 2M, thu c
dung dch X. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, s mol NaOH phn ng l :
A. 0,40. B. 0,50. C. 0,35. D. 0,55.
Cu 65: Cho 20,3 gam Gly-Ala-Gly tc dng vi 500 ml dd KOH 1M. C cn dd
sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
n
A.11,2 B. 46,5 C. 48,3 D. 35,3
.v
om
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n A
Nhn vo p n thy X ch cha 1 hoc 2 nhm NH 2
.c
Gi s X c 1 nhm NH 2
M Y = 183,5 M X = 183,5 36,5 = 147
ok
Th vo vi Z ta c Chn A
Cu 2: Chn p n D
bo
NaCl : 0,2(mol)

Bo ton nguyn t Na c: m = 33,1(gam) H 2 NCH 2 COONa : 0,2(mol)
et
NaOH : 0,05(mol)

vi
Cu 3: Chn p n A
C 3 H12 O3 N 2 : ( CH3 NH3 )2 CO3 + 2NaOH 2CH3 NH3 + Na 2 CO3 + H 2 O
ng
Na CO : 0,1(mol)
m= 12,2(gam) 2 3
NaOH : 0,04(mol)
a
Cu 4: Chn p n D
kh
Cu ny khng nn di m lm mu mc. Ta suy lun t p n nh!

V X tc dng vi HNO 2 to ra kh N 2 nn loi A v B ngay ri.
=
n n=
CaCO3 0,24(mol)
BTNT.Cacbon

= n C 0,24(mol)
5,4

thu dap an
= 45 D
0,12
Cu 5: Chn p n A
641
15,4
a + 2b= = 0,7
Ala : a 22 a = 0,3
=
m 0,3.89 + 0,2.14756,1 (gam)
Glu : b a += 18,25 b = 0,2
b = 0,5
36,5
Cu 6: Chn p n C
CO2 :1,2 1,2 n H2O > n CO2 nY n = 0,2(mol)
= n = 2,4 n H2 O n CO= Y
H 2 O :1,3 0,5 2 n Z = 0,3(mol)
2
n Y = 0,18 m= 0,18.36,5= C
0,45X
n Z = 0,27
n
Cu 7: Chn p n B
.v
CH 3 NH 3 NO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + CH 3 NH 2 + H 2 O
om
= =
m 0,05.NaNO 3 4,25
Cu 8: Chn p n C
D dng suy ra A l: X X Y ,D loi ngay v khng phi aminoaxit.C 3
.c
p n cn li u cho Y l CH 3 -CH(NH 2 )-COOH; 8,9(g).
20,3
= 203 = ( 75 + 75 + 89 2.18 ) C
ok
Do c ngay : M A =
0,1
Cu 9: Chn p n C
bo
nVCO2 7
Cn H 2 n + 3 N = n = 1,75
(n + 1,5)VH 2O 13
et
C ngay:
24,9
=
nX = 0,6
BTKL

= m 24,9 + 0,6.36,5
= 46,8( gam)
vi
14.1,75 + 17
Cu 10: Chn p n A
ng
Gi n l s mt xch . Ta c ngay

BTKL
m + 40(0,1n + 0,1n.0, 25)
= m + 78, 2 + 0,1.18 =
n 16
a
Cu 11. Chn p n A
kh
HOOC CH 2 NH 2 + HNO3 HOOC CH 2 NH 2 NO3 ( X )

nX = 0,01

= 0,03 (du )
NaOH
nH 2=
O 0,02
BTKL
1,38 + 0,03.40
= m + 0,02.18 =
m 2, 22
Cu 12. Chn p n D
0,1 M muoi =
nX = 97
Nhn vo p n d dng suy ra D
Cu 13. Chn p n B
642
BTKL: 0,89 + 1,2 = 1,32 + 0,63 + mN 2

nN2 =0,005 nN = n X =0,01 M X =89 H 2 N CH 2 COO-CH 3
H NCH 2COONa : 0, 01(mol )

m 2 m=
8,57( gam)
NaOH : 0,19(mol )
Cu 14. Chn p n C
BTKL: M=22,15 + 0,22.98 = C
Cu 15. Chn p n D
n HCl =
nX = 0,01 X c 1 n h m NH 2

1,835 0,01.36,5 D
n
= M X = 147
0,01
.v
Cu 16. Chn p n B
om
A l C 2 H 5 O 2 NH 2 N CH 2 COOH
Bo ton khi lng: 75.0,15 + 0,075 ==m B
Cu 17. Chn p n B .c
127
= 0,8141 R= 29 C 2 H 5
127 + R
ok
0,15 : C H N 2CO + 3,5H O
2 7 2 2
0,15(4 + 3,5)
bo

=
BTNT.oxi
n O2 = 0,5625(mol) B
2
Cu 18: Chn p n B
et
Cn H 2n +1O2 N : a
C H HNO2 : a an + bm =0,095
Ta c : Cm H2m +1O2 N : b n 2n
vi
n + 1 = m Cm H 2m HNO2 : b 0,095.14 + 47(a + b) =

3,21

ng
a + b =0,04 C H O N : 0,025
1,375 < n < 2,375 2 5 2
a
an + m(n + 1) =
0,095 C3 H 7 O2 N : 0,015
kh
643
CO2 : 0,095

O2 : 0,15 A H 2 O : 0,115
0,75
N 2 : 0,6 N 2 : 0,02 + 0,6 =0,62
Odu : 0,15 + 0,04 0,1525 =
0,0375
2
CO2 : 0,095

B N 2 : 0,02 + 0,6 =
0,62
du
O2 : 0,15 + 0,04 0,1525 = 0,0375
nRT 0,7525.0,082.(136,5 + 273)
=p = = 1,504
n
V 16,8
.v
Cu 19: Chn p n A
om
NaCl : 0,2
22,8 R= 28 [ CH 2 CH 2 ] A
H 2 N RCOONa : 0,1
Cu 20. Chn p n A
Ch : Cht ny l mui ca CH 3 NH 2 v axit HNO 3
.c
ok
CH 3 NH 3 NO3 + NaOH CH 3 NH 2 + NaNO3 + H 2 O
NaOH : 0,1(mol)
bo
Do c ngay m = 12,5
NaNO3 : 0,1(mol)
Cu 21. Chn p n C
et
1: 2 :1 0,12 : 0,24 : 0,12 =

n HCl 0,48
BTKL
=
m 21,6 + 0,48.36,5
= C
vi
Cu 22. Chn p n B
3,67 0,25.0,08.36,5
ng
M = 147
0,02
Cu 23: Chn p n B
a
n X = 0,08 10
kh
M muo=
i
= 125 M X= 125 23 + 1= 103
n NaOH = 0,08 0,08
Cu 24: Chn p n C
a : Cn H 2n + 3 N
CO2 : na
n Ophan ng =
1,5na + 0,75a n Nkhong kh =6na + 3a
H 2 O : a(n + 1,5) 2 2

N 2 : 0,5a
644
BTNT.nito 11,25
3,875
= 0,5a + 6na + 3a;=a
14n + 17
a = 0,25 C H NH 2
X 2 5
n = 2 CH3 NHCH3
D dng suy ra trng hp 1C v 3C khng tha mn
Cu 25: Chn p n B
X : CH 3CH 2 NH 3 NO3 + KOH KNO3 + CH 3CH 2 NH 2 + H 2 O
NaNO3 : 0,1(mol)
m= 12,5(mol)
NaOH : 0,1(mol)
n
Cu 26: Chn p n B
.v
K CO : 0,075
X : ( CH 3 NH 3 )2 CO3 + 2KOH m = 13,15 2 3
KOH : 0,05
om
Vi nhng hp cht cha N vic kt hp gia amin v cc axit HNO 3 ,H 2 CO3 s
cho ra cc cht c CTPT lm nhiu bn lng tng.Cc bn cn ht sc ch .Ngoi ra
hp cht Ure (NH 2 ) 2 CO, khi vit di dng CTPT l CH4 N2 O cng gy kh khn
.c
trong vic pht hin vi rt nhiu hc sinh.
Cu 27: Chn p n B
ok
n A = 0,1 18,75 0,1.36,5
A co 1 n hom NH = 2
MA = 151
n HCl = 0,1 0,1
bo
M muoi= 173= 151 + 23 1 A co 1 n ho m COOH

Cu 28: Chn p n C
et
Ta thy A v B l ng phn ca nhau.M y ch c phn ng chy nn khng

c bt k cch no phn bit c A,B do A,B loi ngay .
vi
n O = 0,9375(mol) BTNT.oxi
C ngay: 2 = n H2 O 2(0,9375
= 0,5) 0,875(mol)
ng
n CO2 = 0,5(mol)
n H2 O n CO2 = 1,5n a min = 0,375 n a min = 0,25 ti y chn C ngay v nu l D
a
th s mol CO 2 s ln hn 0,5 (V l)
kh
Cu 29: Chn p n A
C 3 H12 O3 N 2 ( CH 3 NH 3 )2 CO3 : 0,1 Na CO : 0,1(mol)
12,4 m=14,6 2 3
NaOH : 0,3 NaOH : 0,1(mol)
Cu 30: Chn p n A
T duy nhanh: Cui cng Na i vo NaCl v RCOONa nn c ngay
Gly : a = 75a + 89b 20,15= a 0,15 75.0,15
%Gly= = 55,83%
Ala : b a + b= 0,45 0,2= 0,25 b= 0,1 20,15
Cu 31: Chn p n D
645
NaNO3 : 0,1
CH 2 NH 3 NO3
X + NaOH= m 23,1 NaHCO3 + NaOH Na 2 CO3 : 0,1
NH 3 HCO3 NaOH : 0,4 0,3 =
0,1
Bi ny kh nguy him .Cc bn phi ch !
Cu 32: Chn p n B
n HCl = 0,1 n NH2 = 0,1

n NaOH = 0,3 n CH3COOH = 0,3 0,1 0,1 = 0,1
0,1.60
%CH 3COOH = = B
0,1.60 + 0,1.75
n
Cu 33: Chn p n B
.v
5A 4H 2 O = 5A 4.18 = 373 A = 89
Cu 34: Chn p n A
om
Lys: H 2 N [ CH 2 ]4 CH(NH 2 ) COOH c M = 146
D dng suy ra Y l
ClH 3 N [ CH 2 ]4 CH(NH 3Cl) COOH : 0,1(mol)
m = 33,6
.c
NaCl : 0,2(mol)
ok
Cu 35: Chn p n C
n CO = 1, 2(mol) n
bo
Ta c ngay: 2 n H2 O n CO2 = Y = 0,1 n Y = n NH2 = 0, 2(mol)

n H2 O = 1,3(mol) 2
Do 0,45 mol X s c 0,18 mol Y n HCl = 0,18 m= 6,57
et
Ch : Do n H2 O > n CO2 nn Y ch c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH 2

vi
Cu 36: Chn p n C
NaNO3 : 0,1
ng
CH 2 NH 3 NO3
X + NaOH= m 23,1 NaHCO3 + NaOH Na 2 CO3 : 0,1
NH 3 HCO3 NaOH : 0,4 0,3 =
0,1
a
Cu 37: Chn p n B
kh
Ta c: CH3 NH3 HCO3 + NaOH CH3 NH 2 + NaHCO3 + H 2 O

= n X 0,1(mol) t 0 NaOH : 0,05
m = 7,3(gam)
n NaOH = 0,15 Na2 CO3 : 0,05
Cu 38: Chn p n B
X l C x H y O z N z a mol.
Ta c: at = 0,07 mol; 16az: 14at = 128: 49 az = 0,16 mol.
C x H y O z N z + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + N 2 .
a 0,3275 ax ay/2
Bo ton oxi v phng hnh khi lng:
646
az + 0,3275.2 = 2ax + ay/2 v 12ax + ay + 16az + 14at = 7,33.

Nn ax = 0,27 mol v ay = 0,55 mol. m = 0,55 . 9 = 4,95 (g).
Cu 39: Chn p n D
NaCl : 0,2
n=HCl 0,2
BTNT Na
22,8
RCOONa : 0,1
=
BTKL
22,8 0,2.58,5 + 0,1(R + 44 + 23)
R= 44 H 2 N CH 2 CH 2
Cu 40: Chn p n A

2
BT n hom CO3
Na 2 CO3 : 0,1(mol)
X : ( CH 3 NH 3 )2 CO3 0,1 m =
14,6(gam)
n
NaOH : 0,1(mol)
BTNT Na
.v
Cu 41: Chn p n A
Ta c: ( CH 3 NH 3 )2 CO3 + 2NaOH 2CH 3 NH 2 + Na 2CO3 + 2H 2O
om
NaOH : 0,1
m= 14,6
Na 2 CO3 : 0,1
Cu 42: Chn p n D
.c
ok
n axit glu = 0,15
Ta c: n max
H+
=0,65; n NaOH =0,8 n H2 O =0,65
n
HCl = 0,35
bo

BTKL
0,15.147 + 0,35.36,5 + 0,8.40
= m + 0,65.18 =
m 55,125
Cu 43: Chn p n B
et
Cch 1: n Z =0,2 n H2 O =0,2

vi

BTKL
0,2(77 + 40)
= m + 0,2.18 + 0,2.27,5 =
m 14,3
ng
Cch 2:
NH 3 : a = a + b 0,2= a 0,05
Ta c: n Z =0,2
a
CH 3 NH 2 : b 17a
= + 31b 0,2.27,5
= b 0,15
kh
CH 3COONH 4 : 0,05 CH COONa : 0,05

m= 14,3 3
HCOONH 3CH 3 : 0,15 HCOONa : 0,15
Cu 44: Chn p n B
Ch : C 1 mol NH 2 th phn ng va vi 1 mol H + .
n X = 0,1
Cch 1: Ta c n Hmax = 0,4 n OH = n H2 O = 0,4
=
+
n
H2SO4 0,1
0,3.KOH

BTKL
mX + + 0,1.98
= 36,7 + 0,4.18 =
m X 13,3 =
M X 133
0,1.NaOH
647
14
%N = = 10,526%
133
n X = 0,1(mol)
Cch 2: n max =0,4 n OH =0,4(mol)
n
H2SO4 = 0,1(mol) H+
n = 0,3(mol)
n OH = n(KOH,NaOH =0,4 KOH
n NaOH = 0,1(mol)
=
BTKL
36,7 m(K +
,Na + ,SO24 ,H 2 N C x H y (COO)2 )
= 0,3.39 + 0,1.23 + 0,1.96 + 0,1.(104 + C x H y ) C x H y = 27
n
14

= %N = 10,526%
16 + 27 + 90
.v
Cu 45. Chn p n A
om
Ta c: m : m =80 : 21 n : n =10 : 3
O N O N
n trong
N
X
=
n NH2 =
n HCl =
0,03 n Otrong X =
0,1 n COOH
trong X
=
0,05(mol)
Cu 46. Chn p n D .c
V X tc dng vi HCl hoc NaOH un nng u thy thot kh, suy ra: X l
hn hp mui amoni ca amin hoc ca NH 3 vi axit cacbonic. Cn c vo cng
ok
thc phn t ca cc cht trong X, suy ra cng thc cu to ca chng l:
CH 3 NH 3 HCO 3 v CH 3 NH 3 CO 3 H 4 N.
bo
Theo bo ton gc cacbonat v nguyn t K, ta c:

n K CO n= (CH3 NH3CO3 , CH3 NH3CO3 H 4 N)
0,1
2 3
et
n KOH d = n KOH 2 n K CO = 0,05

2
3
0,25 0,1
vi
m chat ran = 0,1.138

+ 0,05.56
=16,6 gam
ng
mK m KOH d
2CO3
Cu 47. Chn p n D
n x = 0,02
a
X c 1 nhm COOH.
n NaOH = 0,02
kh
2,5
M RCOONa = = 125 R = 58
0,02
200.20,6
= n X = 0,4
100.103 X c 1 nhm NH 2 .Vy X l H 2 N [ CH 2 ]3 COOH
n = 0,4
HCl
Mch thng c 3 ng phn. Mch nhnh c 2 ng phn.
Cu 48: Chn p n A
Ch : C 1 mol NH 2 th phn ng va vi 1 mol H + .
648
n X = 0,1(mol)
Cch 1: Ta c n max = 0,4 n OH = n H2 O = 0,4(mol)
n
H2SO4 = 0,1(mol) H+
0,3.KOH

BTKL
mX + + 0,1.98
= 36,7 + 0,4.18 =
m X 13,3 =
M X 133
0,1.NaOH
14
%N = = 10,526%
133
n X = 0,1
Cch 2: n max = 0,4 n OH = 0,4
n
H2SO4 = 0,1 H+
n
n = 0,3
n OH = n(KOH,NaOH =0,4 KOH
n NaOH = 0,1
.v
=
BTKL
36,7 m(K + ,Na + ,SO24 ,H 2 N C x H y (COO)2 )
om
= 0,3.39 + 0,1.23 + 0,1.96 + 0,1.(104 + C x H y ) C x H y = 27
14

= %N = 10,526% .c
16 + 27 + 90
Cu 49: Chn p n C
ok
CH 3 NH 3 NO3 + NaOH CH 3 NH 2 + NaNO3 + H 2 O
NaNO3 : 0,1
bo
m= 12,5
NaOH : 0,1
Cu 50: Chn p n C
et
12,55 8,9
Ta c:
BTKL

= nX =
n HCl = 0,1 =
M X 89
36,5
vi
Cu 51: Chn p n D
ng
ta ng gia m KL 13,56 9 9
Ta c: nA
= = 0,12 =
M A = 75
38 0,12
Cu 52: Chn p n A
a
Ta c: m : m =80 : 21 n : n =10 : 3
kh
O N O N
n trong
N
X
=n NH2 =n HCl =0,03 n Otrong X =0,1
CO 2 : a(mol)

= 44a + 18b = a 0,13
BTKL
7,97
X
H 2 O : b(mol)
O 2 :0,1425
BTNT.Oxi
N : 0,015(mol) 2a + b = 0,385 b = 0,125
2
Cu 53: Chn p n B
Gi s m gam X: C n H 2n +1NO 2 c a mol X. Ta c:
649
3a 2(2n + 1) 2
Vi m 1 gam ipeptit n dipeptit
= = 1,5a BTNT.H
1,5a. = 1,35
2 2
a BTNT.H a 3(2n + 1) 4
=
Vi m 2 gam tripeptit n tripeptit . = 0, 425
3 3 2
=a.4n 1,8= n 3
= = 13,35(gam)
m 0,15.89
=
a(6n 1) 2,55=a 0,15
Cu 54: Chn p n D
n = 0,1 RCOONa : 0,1 BTKL
Ta c: X 11,7 =R 30 H 2 NCH 2
n NaOH = 0,15 NaOH : 0,05
n
Cu 55. Chn p n B
.v
n este = 0,15(mol) H N CH 2 COONa : 0,15
Ta c: m= 16,55(gam) 2
n NaOH = 0, 2(mol)
om
NaOH : 0,05
Cu 56. Chn p n B
=
n X n=
Ta c: BTKL
HCl 0,1
.c
m X = 11,7 M X = 117
m X + 0,1.36,5 = 15,35
ok
Cu 57: Chn p n C
bo
2,67
Ta c: n X + n HCl = n KOH n X = 0,05 0,02 = 0,03 M X = = 89
0,03
Cu 58: Chn p n C
et
CO 2 : na

vi
Ta t chung G : Cn H 2n +1 NO 2 : a mol 2n + 1
H 2 O : 2 .a
ng

BTKL
44na + 9a(2n + 1) = 19,5
n = 3 C2 H 5 NO 2 : 0,05(mol)
BTNT.O 2n + 1
a
2a + =
0,75 2na + .a a = 0,1 C 4 H 9 NO 2 : 0,05(mol)
2
kh
103
%C4 H 9 NO 2 = =
57,865%
103 + 75
Cu 59. Chn p n C
Nh: Lys : H 2 N [ CH 2 ]4 CH(NH 2 ) COOH c M = 146
Glu: HOOC [ CH 2 ]2 CH(NH 2 ) COOH c M = 147
d tnh ton ta cho V = 2 lt
650
2
a=
Glu : a mol a + 2b = n HCl = 2 3
%Glu =
50,17%
Lysin : b mol 2a +=b n NaOH= 2
b=
2
3
Cu 60. Chn p n C
3.14
%N trong A = 0,1936 = M A = 217 2Ala,1Gly
MA
3.14
%N trong B = 0,1944= M B = 288 3Ala,1Gly
MB
A : a mol n NaOH= 3a + 4b a + b =
n
0,1

B : b mol n H2 O = 0,1 217a + 288b + 40(3a + 4b)= 36,34 + 1,8
.v
a = 0,06(mol)
om

b = 0,04(mol)
.c
Cu 61: Chn p n C
ok
Ta suy lun qua cu hi? Sau cng Na i u ri? N bin vo :
H 2 N R COONa : 0,03(mol)
bo

NaCl : 0,05(mol)
NaOH : 0,02(mol)

et

BTKL
7,895
= 0,03(R + 83) + 58,5.0,05 + 0,02.40 = R 56 M
= X 117
vi
Cu 62: Chn p n D
Cn nh cc aminoaxit quan trng: Gly: NH 2 CH 2 COOH c M = 75
ng
Ala: CH 3 CH ( NH 2 ) COOH c M = 89
V HCl d nn ta c th t hi? Clo i u? Vy s c ngay:
a
NaCl : 0,5(mol)
kh

= m 64,1 NH 3Cl CH 2 COOH : 0,2(mol)

CH 3 CH ( NH 3Cl ) COOH : 0,1(mol)
Cu 63. Chn p n B
Tr li nhanh cu hi Na bin i u?.
H NCH 2 COONa : 0,15 BTNT.Na
N vo 2 n NaOH = 0,5(mol)
NaCl : 0,35
Cu 65: Chn p n B
651
n peptit = 0,1 BTKL

20,3 + 0,5.56
= m + 0,1.18 =
m 46,5(gam)
n KOH = 0,5

CON NG T DUY S 30
K THUT GII BI TON PEPTIT
Con ng t duy:
(1). Cc bn phi nh cc aminoaxit quan trng sau thun cho vic tnh s mol.
Gly: NH 2 CH 2 COOH , c M = 75
Ala: CH 3 CH ( NH 2 ) COOH , c M = 89
n
Val: CH 3 CH(CH 3 ) CH ( NH 2 ) COOH , c M = 117
.v
Lys: H 2 N [ CH 2 ]4 CH(NH 2 ) COOH , c M = 146
om
Glu: HOOC [ CH 2 ]2 CH(NH 2 ) COOH , c M = 147
Tyr: HO C 6 H 4 CH 2 CH(NH 2 ) COOH , c M = 181
phe: C 6 H 5 CH 2 CH ( NH 2 ) COOH , c M = 165
.c
(2). Khi thy phn cc bn cn nh phng trnh ( A) n + (n 1) H 2O nA .
ok
Trong mi trng kim (NaOH hoc KOH) ta c gi s nh n b thy phn ra
thnh cc aminoaxit sau aminoaxit ny mi tc dng vi Kim.(Ch khi thy
bo
phn th peptit cn H 2 O nhng khi aminoaxit tc dng vi Kim th li sinh ra H 2 O)

(3). Vi bi ton tnh khi lng peptit ta quy v tnh s mol tt c cc mt xch
sau chia cho n c s mol peptit.
et
(4). Vi cc bi ton t chy Peptit ta t CTPT ca aminoaxit sau p dng

cc nh lut bo ton tm ra n.V suy ra cng thc ca Peptit.
vi
(5). Trong nhiu trng hp c th s dng BT khi lng cng cho kt qu rt

ng
nhanh.
HNG DN P DNG
Cu 1: X l ipeptit Ala-Glu, Y l tripeptit Ala-Ala-Gly. un nng m (gam) hn
a
hp cha X v Y c t l s mol ca X v Y tng ng l 1:2 vi dung dch NaOH

kh
va . Phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch T. C cn cn thn dung dch T

A. 45,6 B. 40,27. C. 39,12. D. 38,68.
Ch : Glu c hai nhm COOH trong phn t.
A Glu : a
Ta c:
A A Gly : 2a
652

Thu y pha n (BTKL)
m + 5a.18
+ 9a.40 56,4

=
+ 9a.18

H2 O NaOH RCOONa H2 O
218a + 217.2a = m

= a 0,06 m = 39,12 Chn C
Cu 2: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt
aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH 2 v mt nhm -
COOH). t chy hon ton 0,15 mol Y, thu c tng khi lng CO 2 v H 2 O
bng 82,35 gam. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t
qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 40 B. 80 C. 90 D. 30
n
A.a : Cn H 2n +1O 2 N Y : C3n H 6n 1O 4 N 3

.v
Ta c: 6n 1
C3n H 6n 1O 4 N 3 3nCO 2 + H2O + N2
Chy
2
om
6n 1
0,15 3.44n + .18 =
82,35
2
cha y BTNT.C
n= 3 0,15 X 0,9 : CO2 m = 0,9.100= 90
.c
Cu 3: Thy phn m gam pentapeptit A c cng thc Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly thu
ok
c hn hp B gm 3 gam Gly; 0,792 gam Gly-Gly; 1,701 gam Gly-Gly-Gly;
0,738 gam Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly; v 0,303 gam Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly. Gi tr ca m l:
bo
A. 8,5450 gam B. 5,8345 gam

C. 6,672 gam D. 5,8176 gam
tng: Tnh tng s mol mt xch G sau suy ra s mol A.
et
n G = 0,04(mol)

vi
n GG = 0,006(mol)

Ta c: =n GGG 0,009(mol) =
n G 0,096(mol)
ng
n = 0,003(mol)
GGGG
n GGGGG = 0,001(mol)
a
kh
0,096
n=
A = 0,0192 =
m 0,0192.(5.75 4.18)
= 5,8176
5
Cu 4. Khi thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol peptit A mch h (A to bi cc amino
axit c mt nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl) bng lng dung dch NaOH gp
i lng cn phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c hn hp cht rn tng so vi
khi lng ca A l 78,2 gam. S lin kt peptit trong A l:
A. 19. B. 9. C. 20. D. 10.
Gi s lin kt peptit l n.Khi lng peptit l m.Ta s t duy tng bc nh
sau:
Khi lng aminoaxit l :m + 0,1.n.18
653
S mol NaOH phn ng v d l : 2.0,1.(n+1)

S mol nc sinh ra (bng s mol NaOH phn ng): 0,1.(n+1)
Vy khi lng cht rn sau phn ng l :
m + 0,1.18n + 0,1.2.(n + 1).40 0,1.18(n + 1) = m + 8(n + 1) 1,8
Khi c: m + 8(n + 1) 1,8 m = 8(n + 1) 1,8 = 78,2 n = 9
BI TP RN LUYN
Cu 1: Khi thu phn hon ton 0,1 mol peptit X mch h (to bi cc -aminoaxit
c mt nhm NH 2 v mt nhm COOH) bng dung dch NaOH (d 25% so vi
lng cn phn ng). C cn dung dch thu c hn hp rn c khi lng nhiu
n
hn khi lng X l 78,2 gam. S lin kt peptit trong mt phn t X l:
.v
A. 9. B. 16. C. 15. D. 10.
Cu 2: Thy phn khng hon ton a gam tetrapeptit Gly -Ala-Gly-Val trong mi
om
trng axit thu c 0,2 mol Gly-Ala, 0,3 mol Gly-Val, 0,3 mol Ala v m gam hn
hp 2 aminoaxit Gly v Val . Xc nh gi tr ca m?
A. 57,2 B. 82,1 C. 60,9 D. 65,2
Cu 3: Thu phn hon ton 150 gam hn hp cc ipeptit thu c 159 gam cc
.c
aminoaxit. Bit rng cc ipeptit c to bi cc aminoaxit ch cha mt nguyn
t N trong phn t. Nu ly 1/10 khi lng aminoaxit thu c tc dng vi HCl
ok
d th lng mui thu c l:
bo
Cu 4: X v Y ln lt l cc tripeptit v tetrapeptit c to thnh t cng mt

amino axit no mch h, c mt nhm -COOH v mt nhm -NH 2 . t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol Y thu c sn phm gm CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , trong tng khi lng
et
ca CO 2 v H 2 O l 47,8 gam. Nu t chy hon ton 0,3 mol X cn bao nhiu

mol O 2 ?
vi

Bi 5. Thu phn hon ton 500 gam mt oligopeptit X (cha t 2 n 10 gc -
ng
amino axit) thu c 178 gam amino axit Y v 412 gam amino axit Z. Bit phn
t khi ca Y l 89. Phn t khi ca Z l:
a
A. 103 B. 75. C.117. D.147.

Bi 6. Thy phn 14(g) mt Polipeptit(X) vi hiu sut t 80%,thi thu c
kh
14,04(g) mt - aminoacid (Y). Xc nh Cng thc cu to ca Y?

A. H 2 N(CH 2 ) 2 COOH. B. H 2 NCH(CH 3 )COOH.
C. H 2 NCH 2 COOH D.
H 2 NCH(C 2 H 5 )COOH
Bi 7: X l ipeptit Ala-Glu, Y l tripeptit Ala-Ala-Gly. un nng m (gam) hn
hp cha X v Y c t l s mol ca X v Y tng ng l 1:2 vi dung dch NaOH
va . Phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch T. C cn cn thn dung dch T
A. 45,6 B. 40,27. C. 39,12. D. 38,68.
Cu 8. Cho 15 gam glyxin tc dng va vi 8,9 gam alanin thu c m gam
654
hn hp tripeptit mch h. Gi tr ca m l :
Cu 9: Thu phn hon ton m gam mt pentapeptit mch h M thu c hn hp
gm hai amino axit X 1 , X 2 (u no, mch h, phn t cha mt nhm -NH 2 v
mt nhm -COOH). t chy ton b lng X 1 , X 2 trn cn dng va 0,1275
mol O 2 , ch thu c N 2 , H 2 O v 0,11 mol CO 2 . Gi tr ca m l :
A. 3,17. B. 3,89. C. 4,31. D. 3,59.
Cu 10: X v Y ln lt l cc tripeptit v hexapeptit c to thnh t cng mt
amoni axit no mch h, c mt nhm COOH v mt nhm NH 2 . t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol X bng O 2 va thu c sp gm CO 2 , H 2 O v N 2 c tng khi
lng l 40,5 gam. Nu cho 0,15 mol Y tc dng hon ton vi NaOH (ly d 20%
n
), sau phn ng c cn dd thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn ?
.v
Cu 11: Clo ha PVC thu c mt loi polime cha 62,39% clo v khi lng.
om
Trung bnh mi phn t clo phn ng vi k mc xch ca PVC. Gi tr ca k l:
A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 12. X l tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Val-Gly-Val. un nng m
.c
gam hn hp X v Y c t l s mol nX : nY = 1 : 3 vi 780 ml dung dch NaOH
1M (va ), sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Z. C cn dung dch
ok
thu c 94,98 gam mui. m c gi tr l:
A. 64,86 gam. B. 68,1 gam.
bo
C. 77,04 gam. D. 65,13 gam

Cu 13: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt
et
aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH 2 v mt nhm

-COOH). t chy hon ton 0,15 mol Y, thu c tng khi lng CO 2 v H 2 O
bng 82,35 gam. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, sn phm thu c cho li t t
vi
qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:

ng
A. 40 B. 80 C. 60 D. 30
Cu 14. Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit Gly-
Ala-Gly-Glu. Thy phn hon ton 83,2 gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4
a
amino axit, trong c m gam glyxin v 28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l:

kh
A. 30 B. 15 C. 7,5 D. 22,5
Cu 15: Mt tripeptit no, mch h X c cng thc phn t C x H y O 6 N 4 . t chy
hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 26,88 lt CO 2 (ktc) v m gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 19,80. B. 18,90. C. 18,00 D. 21,60.
Cu 16(Chuyn KHTN HN 2014 ) Hn hp M gm mt peptit X v mt peptit
Y (mi peptit c cu to t amino axit ,tng s nhm CO-NH- tronh hai phn
t X,Y l 5)vi t l s mol n X :n Y =1:3. Khi thy phn hon ton m gam M thu
c 81 gam glyxin v 42,72 gam analin .m c gi tr l:
A. 104,28 gam B. 109,5 gam
655
C. 116,28 gam D. 110,28 gam.

Cu 17: Khi tin hnh ng trng ngng axit -amino hexanoic v axit -amino
heptanoic c mt loi t poli amit X. Ly 48,7 gam t X em t chy hon ton
vi O 2 va th thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y qua dung dch NaOH d th cn li
4,48 lt kh (ktc). Tnh t l s mt xch ca mi loi trong A.
A. 4:5 B. 3:5 C. 4:3 D. 2:1
Cu 18: Thy phn mt lng pentapeptit mch h X ch thu c 3,045 gam Ala-
Gly-Gly; 3,48 gam Gly-Val; 7,5 gam Gly; 2,34 gam Val; x mol Val-Ala v y mol
Ala. T l x : y l:
A. 11 : 16 hoc 6 : 1. B. 2 : 5 hoc 7 : 20.
C. 2 : 5 hoc 11 : 16. D. 6 : 1 hoc 7 : 20.
n
Cu 19: Tripeptit mch h X c to nn t mt amino axit no, mch h, trong
.v
phn t cha mt nhm NH 2 v mt nhm COOH. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol
X, thu c tng khi lng CO 2 v H 2 O bng 54,9 gam. Cng thc phn t ca
om
X l:
A. C 9 H 17 N 3 O 4 . B. C 6 H 11 N 3 O 4 .
C. C 6 H 15 N 3 O 6 . D. C 9 H 21 N 3 O 6 .
.c
Cu 20: X l mt tripeptit,Y l mt pentapeptit,u mch h. Hn hp Q gm X;Y
c t l mol tng ng l 2:3. Thy phn hon ton 149,7 gam hn hp Q bng
ok
H 2 O (xc tc axit) thu c 178,5 gam hn hp cc aminoaxit. Cho 149,7 gam hn
hp Q vo dung dch cha 1 mol KOH ;1,5 mol NaOH,un nng hn hp phn
ng thy phn xy ra hon ton thu c dd A. Tng khi lng cht tan trong
bo
dung dch A c gi tr l:
A.185,2gam B.199,8gam C. 212,3gam D. 256,7gam
et
Cu 21: Khi thy phn hon ton 65 gam mt peptit X thu c 22,25 gam alanin
vi
v 56,25 gam glyxin thu c. X l:

B. ipeptit
ng
A. tripeptit. C. tetrapeptit. D. pentapeptit.

Cu 22. t chay hoan t oan 0,02 mol tripeptit X to t amino axit mch h A c
cha mt nhm COOH va mt nhom NH2 thu c 4,032 lit CO 2 (ktc) va
a
3,06 gam H 2 O. Thy phn hoan toan m g X trong 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M,
ri c cn thu c 16,52 gam cht rn .Gia tri ca m la:
kh
A. 7,56 B. 6,93 C. 5,67 D. 9,24

Cu 23. Thy phn hoan toan 1 mol pentapeptit X mch h thi thu c 3 mol
glyxin, 1 mol alanin v 1 mol valin. Khi thy phn khng hoan toan X thi trong san
phm thy co cac ipeptit Ala -Gly, Gly-Ala v tripeptip Gly-Gly-Val. Phn trm
khi lng ca N trong X la:
A. 15%. B. 11,2%. C. 20,29%. D. 19,5%.
Cu 24. Thy phn hon ton m gam mt pentapeptit mch h M thu c hn
hp gm 2 amino axit X1 , X2 (u no, mch h, phn t cha 1 nhm - NH 2 v
656
mt nhm COOH). t chy ton b lng X1 , X2 trn cn dng va

0,1275 mol O2 , ch thu c N 2 , H 2 O v 0,11 mol CO2 . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,89. B. 3,59. C. 4,31. D. 3,17.
Cu 25: Thy phn hon ton 7,55 gam Gly-Ala-Val-Gly trong dung dch cha
0,02 mol NaOH un nng, thu c dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi 100 ml dung
dch HCl 1M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c dung dch Y. C cn cn
thn dung dch Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11,21. B. 12,72. C. 11,57. D. 12,99.
Cu 26: Thy phn hon ton m gam pentapeptit M mch h, thu c hn hp X
gm hai - amino axit X 1 , X 2 (u no, mch h, phn t c mt nhm NH 2 v
n
mt nhm COOH). t chy hon ton hn hp X trn cn dng va 2,268 lt
.v
O 2 (ktc), ch thu c H 2 O, N 2 v 1,792 lt CO 2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,295. B. 1,935. C. 2,806. D. 1,806.
om
Cu 27: Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit Gly-
Ala-Gly-Glu. Thy phn hon ton 83,2 gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4
amino axit, trong c m gam glyxin v 28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 30 B. 15
.c
C. 7,5 D. 22,5
Cu 28: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp oligopeptit gm Ala-Val-Ala-Gly-Ala
ok
v Val-Gly-Gly thu c x gam Ala; 37,5 gam Gly v 35,1 gam Val. Gi tr ca m, x
ln lt l:
bo
A. 99,3 v 30,9. B. 84,9 v 26,7. C. 90,3 v 30,9. D. 92,1 v 26,7.

Cu 29: Thc hin tng hp tetrapeptit t 3,0 mol glyxin; 4,0 mol alanin v 6,0 mol
valin. Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng tetrapeptit thu c l
et

Cu 30: Cao su buna-N c to ra do phn ng ng trng hp gia buta-1,3-
vi
ien vi acrilonitrin. t chy hon ton mt lng cao su buna-N vi khng kh

va (cha 80% N 2 v 20% O 2 v th tch), sau a hn hp sau phn ng v
ng

xch gia buta-1,3-ien v acrilonitrin l:
a
A. 1:2. B. 2:3. C. 3:2. D. 2:1.

kh
Cu 31: X v Y ln lt l tripeptit v hexapeptit c to thnh t cng mt

aminoaxit no mch h, c mt nhm -COOH v mt nhm -NH 2 . t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol X bng O 2 va thu c sn phm gm CO 2 , H 2 O v N 2 c tng
khi lng l 40,5 gam. Nu cho 0,15 mol Y tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH (ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit), sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu
c khi lng cht rn khan l:
Cu 32: Mt tripeptit no, mch h X c cng thc phn t C x H y O 6 N 4 . t chy
hon ton 0,1 mol X thu c 26,88 lt CO 2 (ktc) v m gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m
l:
657
A. 19,80. B. 18,90. C. 18,00 D. 21,60.

Cu 33: Thu phn hon ton m gam mt pentapeptit mch h M thu c hn
hp gm hai amino axit X 1 , X 2 (u no, mch h, phn t cha mt nhm -NH 2
v mt nhm -COOH). t chy ton b lng X 1 , X 2 trn cn dng va
0,255 mol O 2 , ch thu c N 2 , H 2 O v 0,22 mol CO 2 . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,34. B. 7,78. C. 8,62. D. 7,18.
Cu 34 : Khi tin hnh ng trng hp buta-1,3 ien v stiren thu c mt loi
n
A. 42,67 gam B.36,00 gam C. 30.96 gam D.39,90 gam.
Cu 35: t chy hon ton 0.1 mol tripetit ca mt aminoaxit thu c 1.9mol
.v
hn hp sn phm kh.Cho hn hp sn phm ln lt i qua i qua bnh 1 ng
H 2 SO 4 c,nng.Bnh 2 ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d thy thot ra 3.36 lt (ktc) 1
om
kh duy nht v bnh 1 tng 15,3g , bnh 2 thu c mg kt ta.Mt khc t
chy 0.02 mol tetrapeptit cng ca aminoaxit th cn dng V lt (ktc) kh
O 2 .Ga tr ca m v V l:
A. 90g v 6.72 lt
.c
B. 60g v 8.512 lt
ok
C. 120g v 18.816 lt C. 90g v 13.44 lt
Cu 36: Cao su lu ha (loi cao su c to thnh khi cho cao su thin nhin tc
dng vi lu hunh) c khong 2,0% lu hunh v khi lng. Gi thit rng S
bo
thay th cho H cu metylen trong mch cao su. Vy khong bao nhiu mt xch
isopren c mt cu isunfua -S-S-?
et
A. 44. B. 50. C. 46. D. 48.

Cu 37: X l tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Val-Gly-Val. un nng m
vi
(gam) hn hp cha X v Y c t l s mol ca X v Y tng ng l 1:3 vi dung

dch NaOH va . Phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch T. C cn cn thn
ng
dung dch T thu c 23,745 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 17,025. B. 68,1. C. 19,455. D. 78,4
a
Cu 38: X l tetrapeptit c cng thc Gly Ala Gly Gly. Y l tripeptit c cng
kh
thc Gly Glu Ala. un m gam hn hp A gm X, Y c t l mol tng ng l

4:3 vi dung dch NaOH va sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cn dung
dch thu c 420,75g cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 279,75 B. 298,65 C. 407,65 D. 322,45
Cu 39: X v Y ln lt l tripeptit v hexapeptit c to thnh t cng mt
aminoaxit no mch h, c mt nhm -COOH v mt nhm -NH 2 . t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol X bng O 2 va thu c sn phm gm CO 2 , H 2 O v N 2 c tng
khi lng l 40,5 gam. Nu cho 0,15 mol Y tc dng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH (ly d 20% so vi lng cn thit), sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu
c khi lng cht rn khan l:
658

Cu 40. X l tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Val-Gly-Val. un nng m
gam hn hp X v Y c t l s mol nX : nY = 1 : 3 vi 780 ml dung dch NaOH
1M (va ), sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Z. C cn dung dch
thu c 94,98 gam mui. m c gi tr l:
A. 77,04 gam. B. 68,10 gam. C. 65,13 gam D. 64,86 gam.
Cu 41: Thu phn hon ton m gam tetrapeptit X mch h thu c hn hp Y
gm 2 amino axit (no, phn t cha 1 nhm COOH, 1 nhm NH 2 ) l ng ng k
tip. t chy hon ton hn hp Y cn va 58,8 lt khng kh (cha 20% O 2
v th tch, cn li l N 2 ) thu c CO 2 , H 2 O v 49,28 lt N 2 (cc kh o ktc).
n
S cng thc cu to tho mn ca X l:
A. 6 B.12 C. 4 D. 8
.v
Cu 42: Khi th phn hon ton 65,1 gam mt peptit X (mch h) thu c 53,4
gam alanin v 22,5 gam glyxin. t chy hon ton 19,53 gam X ri dn sn phm
om
vo Ca(OH) 2 d thu m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 69 B. 75 C. 72 D. 78
Cu 43: Thy phn hon ton 75,6 gam hn hp hai tripeptit thu c 82,08 gam
.c
hn hp X gm cc aminoaxit ch c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl
ok
trong phn t. Nu cho 1/2 hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO 4 long, d ri
c cn cn thn dung dch, th lng mui khan thu c l:
bo
A. 54,27 gam. B. 108,54 gam. C. 135.00 gam. D. 67,50 gam.

Cu 44: X l mt tetrapeptit cu to t mt amino axit (A) no, mch h c 1 nhm
COOH; 1 nhm NH 2 . Trong A %N = 15,73% (v khi lng). Thy phn m
et
gam X trong mi trng axit thu c 41,58 gam tripeptit; 25,6 gam ipeptit v
92,56 gam A. Gi tr ca m l:
vi
A. 161 gam B. 159 gam C. 143,45 gam D. 149 gam

Cu 45. Tripeptit mch h X v ipeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt
ng
aminoaxit (no, mch h, trong phn t ch cha mt nhm NH 2 v mt nhm

COOH). t chy hon ton 0,1 mol Y thu c tng khi lng CO 2 v H 2 O
a
bng 24,8 gam. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, sn phm thu c hp th vo
dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, sau phn ng khi lng dung dch ny .
kh
A. gim 32,7 gam B. gim 27,3 gam

C. gim 23,7 D. gim 37,2 gam.
Cu 46. Khi thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol peptit X mch h (X to bi cc amino
axit c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxylic) bng mt lng dung dch
NaOH gp i lng cn phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c hn hp cht rn
tng so vi khi lng X l 78,2 gam. S lin kt peptit trong X l:
A. 9 B. 10 C. 18 D. 20
Cu 47. Peptit Y c to thnh t glyxin. Thnh phn % v khi lng ca nito
trong peptit Y l:
659
A. 24,48% B. 24,52% C. 24,14% D. 24,54%

Cu 48. X l tetrapeptit c cng thc Gly Ala Val Gly. Y l tripeptit c cng
thc Gly Val Ala. un m gam hn hp A gm X, Y c t l mol tng ng l 4:3
vi dung dch KOH va sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cn dung dch thu
c 257,36g cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 150,88. B. 155,44. C. 167,38. D. 212,12.
Cu 49: Thu phn hon ton 150 g hn hp cc ipeptit c 159 g cc
aminoaxit. Bit rng cc ipeptit c to bi cc aminoaxit ch cha mt nguyn
t N trong phn t. Nu ly 1/10 khi lng aminoaxit thu c tc dng vi HCl
d th lng mui thu c l:
n
Cu 50: Cho X l hexapeptit, Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Gly-Val v Y l tetrapeptit Gly-
.v
Ala-Gly-Glu. Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm X v Y thu c 4 amino
axit, trong c 30 gam glyxin v 28,48 gam alanin. Gi tr ca m l:
om
A. 77,6 B. 83,2 C. 87,4 D. 73,4
Cu 51. X l mt tetra peptit (khng cha Glu v Tyr). Mt lng X tc dng va
ht 200 gam dung dch NaOH 4% c 22,9 gam mui. Phn t khi ca X c gi
.c
tr l:
A. 316. B. 302. C. 344. D. 274.
ok
Cu 52. Peptit X iu ch t Glyxin. Trong X c n lin kt peptit v hm lng oxi
trong X l 31,68%. Gi tr ca n l:
bo
A. 2. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 53: Cho 9,282 gam peptit X c cng thc: Val-Gly-Val vo 200 ml NaOH
0,33M un nng n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu
et
c m gam cht rn khan Z. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 11,3286 B. 11,514 C. 11,937 D. 11,958
vi
Cu 54: Cho 7,46 gam 1 peptit c cng thc: Ala-Gly-Val-Lys vo 200 ml HCl
ng
0,45M un nng n phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch X. C cn X thu

c a gam cht rn khan Y. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 11,717 B. 11,825 C. 10,745 D. 10,971
a
kh
P N CHI TIT
Cu 1: Chn p n C
S dng nh lut BTKL ta c:
m + 40(0,1n + 0,1n.0, 25) = m + 78, 2 + 0,1.18 n = 16
Cu 2: Chn p n C
660
nG A G V = a

BT n ho m G
2a
= 0,2 + 0,3 + b
n G A = 0,2 n G = b BT n hom A Gly : b = 0,5
= a 0,2 + 0,3
= 0,5
n G V = 0,3 n V c=
BT n ho m V
a
= 0,3 + c
Val : c 0,2
n = 0,3
A
= m 0,5.75 + 0,2.117 = 60,9(gam)
Cu 3: Chn p n A
9
nH O = = 0,5 = nA. A mmuoi = 15,9 + 0,05.2.36,5 = 19,55 (gam)
2
18
Cu 4: Chn p n B
n
Gi aminoaxit l : C n H 2n +1O2 N Y : C 4n H8n 2 O5 N 4
.v
t Y : C 4n H8n 2 O5 N 4
O2
4nCO2 + 2N 2 + ( 4n 1) H 2 O
om

BTKL
m CO2 +=
m H2 O 0,1.4n.44 + 0,1(4n =
1).18 47,8=
n 2
X : C 6 H11O5 N 3
O2
6CO2 + 5,5H 2 O + 1,5N 2
=
BTNT.O 0,3.6.2 + 0,3.5,5 0,3.4
n Opu2 = 2,025 (mol)
.c
2
ok
Bi 5. Chn p n A

bo
( X ) n + ( n 1) H 2O aY + ( n a ) Z
412(n 1) n = 6
( n 1) 5a
C ngay: 2= = Z
+ Z = 103
et
412 3n 2
(n 1) = 5(n a )
Z
vi
Bi 6. Chn p n B
ng
c ngay ( A) n + ( n 1) H 2O nA
14, 04
Do n rt ln nn ta ly n 1 n c ngay A= = 89
a
= A
2,84
kh
18
Cu 7: Chn p n C
A Glu : a m + 9a.40 =56, 4 + 4a.18
a= 0,06 m
= 39,12( gam)
A A Gly : 2a m= 218a + 217.2a
Cu 8. Chn p n C
A G G
(n G : 0,2; n A : 0,1) n H2O = 0,2
G A G
m = 15 + 8,9 0,2.18 = 20,3(gam)
661
Cu 9: Chn p n A
6n 3 2n + 1 1
Cn H 2 n +1O2 N + O2 nCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2 2
0,11
n= 2, 2 n penta = = 0,01
5.2, 2
= m 0,01[5(14.2, 2 + 1 + 32 +=
14) 4.18] 3,17 (gam)
Cu 10: Chn p n C

A.a : C H O N Y : C H O N
n 2 n +1 2 3 n 6 n 1 4 3

n
6n 1 3
C3n H 6 n 1O4 N 3 + (...) O2 3nCO2 + H 2O + N 2
.v
2 2
6n 1
0,1 3.44n + .18 + 1,5.28=
40,5 =
om
n 2
2
Do t 0,15 mol Y cho 0,15.12 = 1,8mol CO2
Khi lng cht rn l : m = 94,5 BTNT.Na

.c
NH 2 CH 2 COONa : 0,15.6 =0,9
NaOH : 0,2.0,9 = 0,18
ok
Cu 11: Chn p n B
kC 2 H 3Cl + Cl 2 C 2 k H 3k 1Cl k +1
bo

35,5(k + 1) k=4
27k 1 + 35,5(k + 1) = 0,6239

et
vi
Cu 12. Chn p n B
ng
A G V A : a
13a = 0,78 a = 0,06 n H2 O = 4a = 0,24
V G V : 3a
a

BTKL
m + 0,78.40
= 94,98 + 0,24.18=
m 68,1
kh
Cu 13: Chn p n C
Ta c :

n 2 n +1 2 3 n 6 n 1 4 3
6n 1 3 chay
C3n H 6 n 1O4 N 3 + ...O2 3nCO2 + H 2O + N 2 0,1X 0,6 : CO2
2 2
6n 1
0,15 3.44n + .18
= 82,35 = n 3
2
662
m CaCO=
2
= 60(gam)
0,1.3.2.100
Cu 14. Chn p n A
A Gly A V Gly V : a
= 2a + b
0,32
Gly A Gly Glu : b
n = 0,32 = 2a + b 472a + 332b =
83,2
Ala
a = 0,12
m Gly =(2a + 2b).75 =30
b = 0,08
Cu 15: Chn p n A
Nhn vo cng thc ca X suy ra:
n
X c to ra bi 2 aminoaxit : C 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH 2
.v
V 1 aminoaxit : C 2 nhm COOH v 2 nhm NH 2
suy ra X c 12C. Do ta c th ly cp cht:
om
C 4 H 9 NO2
X : C12 H 22 O6 N 4 n H2 O =
1,1
C 4 H 8 N 2 O 4 .c
Cu 16. Chn p n A
n Gly :1,08(mol)
ok
n mac xch =
1,56(mol)
n Ala : 0,48(mol)
bo
TH1 X (tera) : a
4a + 3a.3
= 1,56
= a 0,12 n=
H2 O
3a +=
6a 1,08
Y (tri) : 3a
et
BTKL
m + m H=
O
81 + 42,72 =
m 104,28(gam)
2
vi
ng
Cu 17: Chn p n B
C 6 H13O2 N : a dong trung ngung
[aC 6 H11ON ] [ b : C 7 H13ON ]
a
C 7 H15O2 N : b
kh
a
48,7 + 1
48,7 b = 0,4 a = 0,6 B
(a + b) = 2n N2 = 0,4
113a + 127b a
113 + 127 b
b
Cu 18: Chn p n B
Theo d kin bi ra ta suy ra X c 3 TH l :
Trng hp 1: Ala Gly Gly Val Ala : a (mol)
663
Ala Gly Gly : 0,015

Gly Val : 0,02
BT.n hom.Val

= a 0,02 + 0,02 + x a = 0,075
Gly : 0,1 BT.n hom.Ala

= 2a 0,015 + x + y
= x 0,035
Val : 0,02 BT.n hom.Gly = 2a 0,03 + 0,02 + 0,1 y = 0,1
Val Ala : x

Ala : y
x:y =
7 : 20
Trng hp 2: Val Ala Gly Gly Val : a (mol)
Ala Gly Gly : 0,015

n
Gly Val : 0,02
BT n ho m Val
2a 0,02 + 0,02 + x
= a = 0,075
.v
Gly : 0,1 BT n hom Ala
= a 0,015 + x + y
= x 0,11
Val : 0,02 2a 0,03 + 0,02 + 0,1 y < 0
om
BT n ho m Gly
Val Ala : x =

Ala : y
Trng hp 3: Gly Val Ala Gly Gly : a (mol)
.c
Ala Gly Gly : 0,015
ok

Gly Val : 0,02
BT n ho m Val

= a 0,02 + 0,02 + x a = 0,05
Gly : 0,1 BT n hom Ala
= a 0,015 + x + y
= x 0,01
bo

Val : 0,02
BT n ho m Gly
=3a 0,03 + 0,02 + 0,1 y = 0,025
Val Ala : x

et
Ala : y
x:y = 2:5
vi
Cu 19: Chn p n A
ng
aa: C n H 2n + 1 O 2 X : C 3n H 6n 1 O 4
54,9 = 0,1. 3n. 44 + 0,1. (6n 1). 9
n=3
a

kh
X(tri) : 2a

Cu 20: Chn p n D: Y(penta) : 3a
178,5 149,7
H 2 O : = 1,6
18
2a.2 + 3a.4 = 1,6 a = 0,1 n COOH = 2a.3 + 3a.5 = 21a = 2,1 < n OH

BTKL
178,5 + 1.56 + 1,5.40
= m + 2,1.18 = m 256,7
Cu 21: Chn p n C
664
n Ala = 0,25
X : 0,25(A G G G) m X = 65 C
n gly = 0,75
Cu 22. Chn p n D
+) tng tm ra X ri p dng baot ton khi lng: A.A
6n 1
Cn H 2n +1O 2 N C3n H 6n 1O 4 N 3 3nCO 2 + H 2 O n = 3 (M AA = 89)
2
m
BTKL
m + 0,=2.40 10,52 + .18= m 9, 24
89.3 18.2
Cu 23. Chn p n D
n
D thy cng thc ca X phi l: G A G G V
.v
5.14
= %N = 19,5%
(75.5 + 89 + 117 4.18)
om
Cu 24. Chn p n D
Gi A.A l C n H 2 n +1O 2 N ta c ngay:
1 1
.c
C n H 2n +1O2 N nCO2 + N 2 + n + H 2 O
2 2
ok
n = 2,2

m
= 0,05(14n + 47) 0,04.18
= 3,17
bo
a.a
Cu 25: Chn p n D
et
n peptit = 0,025

nNaOH = 0,02 nH 2O = 0,02
vi

nHCl = 0,1
ng
BTKL
7,55 + 0,025.3.18 + 0,02.40 + 0,1.36,3= m + 0,02.18 = m 12,99
Cc bn ch : Gp bi ton peptit kiu ny u tin ta hiu peptit bin thnh
a
cc aminoaxit cho nn ta c m aa =m peptit +0,025.3.18(Khi lng nc thm vo)

kh
Cu 26: Chn p n B
Gi A.A l C n H 2 n +1O 2 N ta c ngay
1 1
C n H 2n +1O2 N nCO2 + N 2 + n + H 2 O
2 2

n = 3,2 M = 91,8 n = nCO2 = 0,08 = 0,025 m = 0,025.91,8= 2,295
a.a
n 3,2
a.a
0,025
m = 2,295 = 1,935(gam)
.4.18
5
665
Cu 27: Chn p n A
A Gly A V Gly V : a
0,32 =2a + b a =
0,12(mol)
Gly A Gly Glu : b
n = 0,32 = 2a + b 472a + 332b
= 83,2 =
b 0,08(mol)
Ala
m Gly =(2a + 2b).75 =30(gam)
Cu 28: Chn p n B
Ala Val Ala Gly Ala:x

Val Gly Gly:y
n Gly =x + 2y =0,5 x = 0,1
n
n Ala =3x =0,3
n Val = x + y = 0,3 y = 0,2
.v
m Ala = 26,7(gam)
om

m peptit = 387.0,1 + 231.0,2 = 84,9(gam)
Cu 29: Chn p n D
3+ 4+ 6
nH 2O=
4
.c
.3= 9,75 m= 1283 9,75.18= 1107,5( gam)
ok
Cu 30: Chn p n B

BTNT cacbon
CO 2 : 4a + 3b
bo

BTNT hidro
H 2 O : 3a + 1,5b
C 4 H 6 : a

BTNT
3a + 1,5b
BTNT oxi
n=pu
4a + 3b + = 5,5a + 3,75b
et
3 3
C H N : b O2
2
b
vi

BTNT Nito
n N= + 4n Opu= 22a + 15,5b
2
2 2
ng
4a + 3b a 2
=
0,1441 =
n CO2 + n H2O + n N2 b 3
a
kh
Cu 31: Chn p n B
6n 1
A. A : Cn H 2 n +1O2 N X : C3n H 6 n 1O4 N 3 3nCO2 + H 2O + 1,5 N 2
2
6n 1
40,5
= 0,1.3n.44 + 0,1.18. + 0,1.1,5.28
2
C H O NaN : 0,15.6
n = 2 m 2 4 2 m = 94,5(mol )
NaOH : 0, 2.0,15.6
Cu 32: Chn p n A
666
Nhn vo cng thc ca X suy ra

X c to ra bi 2 aminoaxit: C 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH 2
V 1 aminoaxit: C 2 nhm COOH v 2 nhm NH 2
n CO2 = 1,2
suy ra X c 12C.Do ta c th ly cp cht
n X = 0,1
C 4 H 9 NO2
X : C12 H 22 O6 N 4 n H2 O =1,1 A
C 4 H 8 N 2 O 4
Cu 33: Chn p n A
6n 3 2n + 1 1
n
Cn H 2 n +1O2 N + O2 nCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2 2
.v
0, 22
n= 2, 2 n penta = = 0,02
5.2, 2
om
= m 0,02 [5(14.2, 2 + 1 + 32 +=
14) 4.18] 6,34( gam)
Cu 34: Chn p n B
Ch :
.c
Khi trng hp nh vy c 1 phn t buta-1,3 ien s cn li 1 lin kt pi
ok
phn ng vi Br 2
C 4 H 6 : a BTNT CO2 : 4a + 8b
n=
pu
4a + 8b + 1,5a + =
2b 5,5a + 10b
bo
O2
C 8 H8 ;b H 2 O : 3a + 4b
a
5,5 + 10
et
5,5a + 10b b = 1,325 = a

= 1,325 3
4a + 8b a b
4 +8
vi
b
19,95
ng
n caosu = = 0,075 n Br2 = 0,075.3= 0,225(mol)

3.54 + 104
a
kh
Cu 35: Chn p n A
H 2 O : 0,85(mol)

Vi 0,1 mol tripeptit ta c: 1,9 N 2 : 0,15(mol)

CO2 : 0,9(mol) m= 90(gam)
BTNT cacbon
n tripetit =
0,1 n Otrong peptit =
0,4 tripetit : C 9 H17 N 3O 4
Vy aminoaxit l :
667
o t cha y
C3 H 7 O2 N tetra : C12 H 22 N 4 O5 12CO2 + 11H 2 O + 2N 2
BTNT.oxi
0,02.5 + n=
O
12.2.0,02 + 11.0,02 n=
O
0,6 n=
O
0,3
2
Cu 36: Chn p n C
aC 5 H8 + S S aC 5 H8 . ( S S ) + 2H
2 64
= = a 46
100 68a 2 + 64
Cu 37: Chn p n A
Ch : Vi cc bi ton thy phn cc em c xem nh peptit b thy phn ra cc
aminoaxit trc .Sau mi i tc dng vi Kim hoc HCl.
n
Ala Gly Val Ala:x(mol )
.v

Val Gly Val:3x(mol )
x ( 2.89 + 75 + 117 + 22.4 ) + 3 x (117.2 + 75 + 3.22 ) =
om
23,745
=
x 0,015 =
m 17,025(mol )
Cu 38: Chn p n A .c
Cc bn ch nh bi ton ny c Glu l cht c 2 nhm COOH.
ok
Gly Ala Gly Gly : 4a
Ta c :
Gly Glu Ala : 3a
bo
thu y pha n
m=
a min oaxit
4a. ( 260 + 3.18) + 3a. ( 275 +=
2.18 ) 2189a

BTKL
2189a +=
28a.40 420,75 + 28a.18
= a 0,15(mol)
et
=
m 4.0,15.260 + 3.0,15.275
= 279,75(gam)
vi
Cu 39: Chn p n C

ng
n 2 n +1 2 3 n 6 n 1 4 3

6n 1 3
Ta c: C3n H 6 n 1O4 N 3 + (...) O2 3nCO2 + H 2O + N 2
a
2 2
kh
6n 1
0,1 3.44n + .18 + 1,5.28=
40,5 = n 2
2
Do t 0,15 mol Y cho 0,15.12 = 1,8mol CO2
NH 2 CH 2 COONa : 0,15.6 =0,9
Khi lng cht rn l: m = 94,5 BTNT.Na
NaOH : 0,2.0,9 = 0,18
Cu 40. Chn p n B
668
A G V A : a
13a = 0,78 a = 0,06 n H2 O = 4a = 0,24
V G V : 3a

BTKL
m + 0,78.40
= 94,98 + 0,24.18= m 68,1(gam)
Cu 41: Chn p n C
6n 3 2n + 1 1
Ta c: Cn H 2 n +1O2 N + O2 nCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2 2
n O = 0,525
=
n kk 2,625 2 n trong
N=
X
0,1
= n 2, 25
N2
n = 2,1 2
Gly= a + b 0, 2= a 0,15
n
:a
X cha 3 Gly v 1 Ala
Ala : b = 2a + 3b 0, 2.2,
= 25 b 0,05
.v
AGGG GAGG
om
Cc CTCT ca X l:
GGAG GGGA
Cu 42: Chn p n C
53, 4 .c
=
n Ala = 0,6
n C = 0,6.3 + 0,3.2 = 2, 4
89
Ta c: vi 65,1 gam X
ok
= 22,5
n = 0,3
Gly 75
bo
2, 4.19,53
Vi 19,53 gam=
X nC = 0,72 =
BTNT.C
m 100.0,72
= 72
65,1
Cu 43: Chn p n D
et
Ta tnh ton vi c hn hp X (sau khi c kt qu nh chia i nh !)

vi
82,08 75,6
: A + 2H 2 O 3A n H2 O= = 0,36 n A= 0,54
3 18
ng
Ch : V axit d nn c th hiu l to mui RNH 3 HSO 4 .

BTKL
n=
NH
0,54 n=
H SO
0,54 82,08 + 0,54.98
= m muoi
a
2 2 4
m muoi =
135
kh
Vi X : m =
67,5 (gam)
Cu 44: Chn p n C
14
Ta c : %N = 15,73% 0,1573 = M = 89
M
CH 3 CH ( NH 2 ) COOH (Ala)
669
n Ala Ala Ala = 0,18

n Ala Ala = 0,16 n A
ma c xch
= 0,18.3 + 0,16.2 + 1,04= 1,9
n = 1,04
Ala
1,9
n Ala Ala Ala Ala == 0,475 m = 0,475(89.4 3.18) = 143,45(gam)
4
Cu 45. Chn p n C
A.a : Cn H 2n +1O 2 N Y : C2n H 4n O3 N 2

C2n H 4n O3 N 2 + (...) O 2 2nCO 2 + 2nH 2 O + N 2
0,1[ 2.44n + 2n.18=
] 24,8 n= 2
n
.v
X l: C6 H11O4 N 3 6CO2 + 5,5 H 2O .
Ta c: m = 0,6.44 + 0,55.18 0,6.100 = 23,7
om
Cu 46. Chn p n A
Gi s lin kt peptit l n.Khi lng peptit l m. Ta s t duy tng bc nh
sau:
Khi lng aminoaxit l: m + 0,1.n.18
.c
ok
S mol NaOH phn ng v d l: 2.0,1.(n+1)
S mol nc sinh ra (bng s mol NaOH phn ng): 0,1.(n+1)
Vy khi lng cht rn sau phn ng l:
bo
m + 0,1.18n + 0,1.2.(n + 1).40 0,1.18(n + 1) = m + 8(n + 1) 1,8

Khi c: m + 8(n + 1) 1,8 m = 8(n + 1) 1,8 = 78,2 n = 9
et
Cu 47. Chn p n C
14n 14n
vi
= =
M Glyxin 75 %N =
75n 18(n 1) 57n + 18
ng
Th p n ch c C tha mn v n = 18 < 50
Cu 48: Chn p n B
Gly K :11a
a
Gly Ala Val Gly:4a

Ta c: 257,36 Val K : 7a
kh
Gly Val Ala : 3a Ala K : 7a

BTKL
11a(75 + 38) + 7a(117 + 38) + 7a(89 + 38)
= 257,36 = a 0,08
=
m 4.0,08(75 + 89 + 117 + 75 3.18) + 3.0,08(75 + 117 + 89 =
2.18) 155,44
Cu 49: Chn p n A
9
nH O = = 0,5 = 15,9 + 0,05.2.36,5 =
nA. A mmuoi = 19,55( gam)
2
18
Cu 50: Chn p n B
670
Ala Gly Ala Val Gly Val:a n Gly = 2a + 2b = 0,4

Gly Ala Gly Glu:b n Ala = 2a + b = 0,32
a = 0,12(mol)

b = 0,08(mol)
Cu 51. Chn p n A
0, 2
Ta c: n NaOH = 0, 2 n X = = 0,05(mol)
4
15,8

BTKL
m X + 0,=
2.40 22,9 + 0,05.18 =
m X 15,8 =
M X = 316
n
0,05
Cu 52. Chn p n D
.v
Ta gi m l s mt xch:
om
16(2m (m 1))
mG [ G ] + ( m 1=
) H 2 O 0,3168 = m 5
0
t ;xt
75m 18(m 1)
Vy n = 4 .c
Cu 53: Chn p n D
ok
9, 282
= n X = 0,034
Ta c: 117 + 75 + 117 2.18 d thy NaOH s b thiu.
bo
n NaOH = 0,066

BTKL
9, 282 + 0,066.40 + 0,034.2.18
= m + 0,066.18 =
m 11,958(gam)
et
Cu 54: Chn p n B
vi
Ch : Lys c 2 nhm NH 2 .
7,46
Ta c: n peptit = 0,02 n HCl
= pha n ng max
0,02.5 =
= 0,1
ng
89 + 75 + 117 + 146 3.18

Vy HCl thiu:
BTKL
= m 7, 46 + 3.0,02.18 + 0, 2.0, 45.36,5
= 11,825
a
kh
CON NG T DUY S 31
BI TP RN LUYN
671
Cu 1: Ngi ta trng hp 0,1 mol vinyl clorua vi hiu sut 90% th s gam PVC
thu c l:
A. 7,520. B. 5,625. C. 6,250. D. 6,944.
Cu 2: Mun tng hp 120 kg poli(metyl metacrylat) th khi lng ca axit v
ancol tng ng cn dng l bao nhiu ? Bit hiu sut qu trnh este ho v trng
hp ln lt l 60% v 80%.
A. 215 kg v 80 kg. B. 171 kg v 82 kg.
C. 65 kg v 40 kg. D. 175 kg v 70 kg.
Cu 3: Poli(vinyl clorua) c phn t khi l 35000. H s trng hp n ca polime
ny l:
n
A. 560. B. 506. C. 460. D. 600.
.v
Cu 4: Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on
om
mch t capron l 17176 vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v
capron nu trn ln lt l:
A. 113 v 152. B. 121 v 114. C. 121 v 152. D. 113 v 114.
.c
Cu 5: Ngi ta c th iu ch cao su Buna t g theo s sau:
35% 80% 60%
ok
Xenluloz glucoz C 2 H 5 OH Buta-1,3-ien
TH

Cao su Buna
bo
Khi lng xenluloz cn sn xut 1 tn cao su Buna l:

A. 5,806 tn. B. 25,625 tn. C. 37,875 tn. D. 17,857 tn.
et
Cu 6: Protein A c khi lng phn t l 50000 vC. Thu phn 100 gam A thu
c 33,998 gam alanin. S mt xch alanin trong phn t A l:
vi
A. 191. B. 38,2. C. 2.3.1023. D. 561,8.

ng
Cu 7: Cho s chuyn ho : CH 4 C 2 H 2 C 2 H 3 CN T olon.

tng hp c 265 kg t olon theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin (
a
ktc). Gi tr ca V l (trong kh thin nhin metan chim 95% v hiu sut phn
ng l 80%).
kh
A. 185,66. B. 420. C. 385,7. D. 294,74.

Cu 8: Clo ha PVC thu c mt loi polime cha 62,39% clo v khi lng.
Trung bnh mi phn t clo phn ng vi k mc xch ca PVC. Gi tr ca k l:
A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 9: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 66,77% clo v khi lng, trung
bnh 1 phn t clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l:
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
672
Cu 10: C 1,05 gam caosu buna-S phn ng va ht 0,8 gam brom trong CCl 4 . T
l mt xch butaien v stiren trong caosu buna-S l:
A. 2 : 3. B. 1 : 2. C. 2 : 1. D. 3 : 5.
Cu 11: Mt loi cao su Buna S c cha 10,28% hiro v khi lng, T l mt
xch butaien v stiren trong caosu buna-S l:
A. 7. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 12: Clo ho PVC thu c mt polime cha 63,96% clo v khi lng, trung
bnh 1 phn t clo phn ng vi k mt xch trong mch PVC. Gi tr ca k l:
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 13: Clo ho PVC thu c t clorin. Trung bnh 5 mt xch PVC th c mt
n
nguyn t H b clo ho. % khi lng clo trong t clorin l:
.v
A. 61,38%. B. 60,33%. C. 63,96%. D. 70,45%.
Cu 14: C 5,668 gam caosu buna-S phn ng va ht 3,462 gam brom trong
om
CCl 4 . T l mt xch butaien v stiren trong caosu buna-S l:
A. 2 : 3. B. 1 : 2. C. 2 : 1. D. 3 : 5.
Cu 15: Mt loi cao su lu ho cha 1,714% lu hunh. Hi c khong bao nhiu
.c
mt xch isopren c mt cu ni isunfua -S-S-, gi thit rng S thay th cho H
ok
nhm metylen trong mch cao su
A. 52. B. 25. C. 46. D. 54.
bo
Cu 16: Cao su buna-N c to ra do phn ng ng trng hp gia buta-1,3-

ien vi acrilonitrin. t chy hon ton mt lng cao su buna-N vi khng kh
va (cha 80% N 2 v 20% O 2 v th tch), sau a hn hp sau phn ng v
et

xch gia buta-1,3-ien v acrilonitrin l:
vi
A. 1:2. B. 2:3. C. 3:2. D. 2:1.

ng
Cu 17 : Khi tin hnh ng trng hp buta-1,3 ien v stiren thu c mt loi

a

kh
A. 42,67 gam B. 36,00 gam

C. 30.96 gam D. 39,90 gam.
Cu 18: Cao su lu ha (loi cao su c to thnh khi cho cao su thin nhin tc
dng vi lu hunh) c khong 2,0% lu hunh v khi lng. Gi thit rng S
673
thay th cho H cu metylen trong mch cao su. Vy khong bao nhiu mt xch
isopren c mt cu isunfua -S-S- ?
A. 44. B. 50. C. 46. D. 48.
Cu 19: Cho cao su buna tc dng vi Cl 2 (trong CCl 4 c mt P) th thu c
polime no, trong clo chim 17,975% v khi lng. Trung bnh c 1 phn t
Cl 2 th phn ng c vi bao nhiu mt xch cao su buna?
A.6 B.9 C.10 D.8
Cu 20: 2,834 gam cao su buna-S phn ng va vi 1,731 gam Br 2 trong dung
mi CCl 4 . T l s mt xch (butaien : stiren) trong loi cao su trn l:
A. 1 : 1. B. 2 : 3. C. 1 : 3 D. 1 : 2.
n
Cu 21. Tin hnh trng hp 26 gam stiren. Hn hp sau phn ng tc dng vi
.v
500 ml dung dch Br 2 0,15M; cho tip dung dch KI ti d vo th c 3,175 gam
iot. Khi lng polime to thnh l:
om
A. 12,5 gam B. 19,5 gam C. 16 gam D. 24 gam
Cu 22: Phn t khi trung bnh ca cao su t nhin v thy tinh hu c plexiglat
.c
l 36720 v 47300 (vC).S mt xch trung bnh trong cng thc phn t ca mi
loi polime trn l:
ok
A. 680 v 550 B. 680 v 473
C. 540 v 473 D. 540 v 55
bo
Cu 23: Cho cao su buna-S tc dng vi Br 2 /CCl 4 ngi ta thu c polime X (gi
thit tt c cc lin kt -CH=CH- trong mt xch -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 - u phn
et
ng. Trong polime X, % khi lng brom l 64,34%. Hy cho bit t l mt xch
butaien : stiren trong cao su buna-S dng l :
vi
A. 1 : 3. B. 2 : 1. C. 3 : 1. D. 2 : 1.
ng
Cu 24: Cho 2,721 gam cao su buna-S tc dng va ht vi dung dch cha 3,53
gam brom trong CCl 4 . T l s mt xch gia butaien v stiren trong loi cao su
l:
a
A. 2 : 1. B. 1 : 1. C. 3 : 2. D. 1 : 2.
kh
Cu 25. Khi t chy mt polime sinh ra t phn ng ng trng hp isopren vi

acrilonitrin bng lng oxi va thu c hn hp kh gm CO 2 , hi H 2 O v N 2
trong CO 2 chim 58,33% v th tch. T l s mt xch isopren v acrilonitrin
trong polime trn l:
A. 3:2. B. 1:2. C. 2:1. D. 1:3.
674
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm 3cloprop1en v vinylclorua. Khi t chy hon ton

hn hp X thu c CO 2 v HCl vi t l s mol tng ng l 17/6. Phn trm
khi lng ca vinylclorua trong X l:
A. 73,913%. B. 85,955%. C. 26,087%. D. 14,045%.
Cu 27: Hp th ht 4,48 lit buta-1,3-ien ( ktc) vo 250 ml dung dch Br 2 1M,
iu kin thch hp n khi dung dch brom mt mu hon ton thu c hn
hp sn phm X, trong khi lng sn phm cng 1,4 gp 4 ln khi lng sn
phm cng 1,2. Khi lng ca sn phm cng 1,2 c trong hn hp X l:
A. 12,84 gam B. 16,05 gam
C. 1,605 gam D. 6,42 gam
n
.v
P N CHI TIT
om
Cu 1: Chn p n B
Ta c ngay:=
BTKL
m = 0,1.62,5.0,9 5,625(gam)
Cu 2: Chn p n A .c
Ta c ngay: CH=2 C(CH 3 ) COOH + CH 3OH CH=2 C(CH 3 ) COOCH 3
ok
1,2
=
n CH2 C(CH3 ) COOCH3 =1,2 n ancol =n axit = =2,5(mol)
0,6.0,8
= = 80(gam)
bo
m ancol 2,5.32

= = 215(gam)
m axit 2,5.86
Cu 3: Chn p n A
et
35000
Ta c ngay = : n = 560
vi
62,5
Cu 4: Chn p n C
ng
Ch :
HOOC [ CH 2 ]4 COOH + H 2 N [ CH 2 ]6 NH 2
dong trung ngung
nilon 6,6
a
27346
=
n nilon 6,6 = 121
kh
146 + 116 36
17176
HOOC [ CH 2 ]5 NH 2
Trung ngung
nilon 7 ;=
n nilon 7 = 152
131 18
Cu 5: Chn p n D
Bo ton nguyn t C ta c ngay (Cha tnh ti hiu sut):
1 2 1
n caosu =n butadien = n ancol = n glu =n Xenlulozo =
54 54 54
1 1 1 1
= m Xenlulo .162. = . . 17,857(gam)
54 0,6 0,8 0,35
675
Cu 6: Chn p n A
n A = 0,002
0,382
Ta c ngay: 33,998 Alanin = =191
= n Ala = 0,382 0,002
89
Cu 7: Chn p n D
265 1 1
=
Dng BTNT.C ta c ngay: V = .2. . .22,4 294,74(lit)
53 0,95 0,8
Cu 8: Chn p n B
kC 2 H 3Cl + Cl 2 C 2 k H 3k 1Cl k +1 + HCl

Ta c ngay: 35,5(k + 1) k= 4
n
27k 1 + 35,5(k + 1) = 0,6239

.v
Cu 9: Chn p n A
om

Ta c ngay : 35,5(k + 1) k=
2
27k 1 + 35,5(k + 1) = 0,6677
.c
Cu 10: Chn p n A
ok
C H : a 1,05.a
Ta c ngay: Buna S : 4 6 =
n Br2 =
0,005
C 8 H 8 : b 54a + 104b
bo
a
1,05.
a 2
b = 0,005 =

a b 3
et
54 + 104
b
vi
Cu 11: Chn p n B
C H : a 6a + 8b
ng
Ta c ngay: Buna S : 4 6
= %H = 0,1028
C 8 H 8 : b 54a + 104b
a
a
6 +8
b a
= 0,1028 k= =6
kh
a b
54 + 104
b
Cu 12: Chn p n C

Ta c ngay: 35,5(k + 1) k=
3
27k 1 + 35,5(k + 1) = 0,6396

676
Cu 13: Chn p n A
kC H Cl + Cl 2 C 2 k H 3k 1Cl k +1 + HCl
Ta c ngay : 2 3
k= 5 C10 H14 Cl6
6.35,5
=
%Cl = 61,38%
6.35,5 + 10.12 + 14
Cu 14: Chn p n B
C H : a 5,668.a
Ta c ngay: Buna S : 4 6 =
n Br2 =
0,0216375
C 8 H 8 : b 54a + 104b
a
n
5,688.
b a 1
= =
.v
0,0216375
a b 2
54 + 104
b
om
Cu 15: Chn p n D
aC 5 H8 + S S aC 5 H8 . ( S S ) + 2H
=

1,714 64
= a 54
.c
100 68a 2 + 64
ok
Cu 16: Chn p n B

BTNT cacbon
CO 2 : 4a + 3b
bo

BTNT hidro
H 2 O : 3a + 1,5b
C 4 H 6 : a

BTNT
3a + 1,5b
et
BTNT oxi
n=
pu
4a + 3b + = 5,5a + 3,75b
3 3
C H N : b O 2
2
b
vi

BTNT Nito
n N2= + 4n Opu2= 22a + 15,5b
2
ng
4a + 3b a 2
=
0,1441 =
n CO2 + n H2O + n N2 b 3
a
Cu 17 : Chn p n B
kh
Ch : Khi trng hp nh vy c 1 phn t buta-1,3 ien s cn li 1 lin kt pi

phn ng vi Br 2
C 4 H 6 : a BTNT CO2 : 4a + 8b
n=
pu
O2 4a + 8b + 1,5a + =
2b 5,5a + 10b
C
8 8H ;b H
2 O : 3a + 4b
a
5,5 + 10
5,5a + 10b b = 1,325 = a
= 1,325 3
4a + 8b a b
4 +8
b
677
19,95
n caosu = = 0, 075 n Br2 = 0, 075.3= 0,225(mol)
3.54 + 104
Cu 18: Chn p n C
2 64
aC 5 H8 + S S aC 5 H8 . ( S S ) + 2H
= = a 46
100 68a 2 + 64
Cu 19: Chn p n A
Cl :1 mol 71
Ta c: 2 =0,17975 = k 6
4 6
C H : k mol 71 + 54k
Cu 20: Chn p n D
n
C H : a 2,834.a
Ta c : 4 6 ; n Br2 = 0,0108 = 0,0108
.v
C 8 H 8 : b 54a + 104b
a a a 1
om
262,4 = 54 + 104 =
b b b 2
Cu 21. Chn p n B
n I2 = 0,0125 = n duBr2 n Br2
phan ung
= 0,5.0,15 0,0125 = 0,0625 = n stiren
.c du

BTKL
m po lim
= 26 0,0625.104
= 19,5
ok
e
Cu 22: Chn p n C
C th xem cao su thin nhin ging isopren:
bo
36720
M C 5 H8 = 68 n cao su = = 540
68
et
Thy tinh hu c c iu ch t phn ng trng hp metylmetacrylat

47300
(M=100) n thuy tinh = = 473
vi
100
Cu 23: Chn p n C
ng
a
C 4 H 6 : a trong X 160
160a b a
n Br2 =a 0,6434 = = =3
a
C 8 H 8 : b 160a + 54a + 104b 214 a b

+ 104
b
kh
Cu 24: Chn p n C
a
C 4 H 6 : a 2,721
3,53 2,721.a b a= 3
Ta c: 2,721 n Br= = =
C8 H 8 : b
2
160 54a + 104b 54 a + 104 b 2
b
678
Cu 25.Chn p n D
CO2 : 5a + 3b
C 5 H 8 : a 5a + 3b

BTNT
H 2 O : 4a + 1,5b = 0,5833= b 3a
C 3 H 3 N : b N : 0,5b 9a + 5b
2
Cu 26: Chn p n D
Ta c ngay :
Cl CH 2 CH = CH 2 : a 3a +=2b 17 =
a 5

BTNT (C,Cl)

=Cl CH CH 2 : b =a + b 6 = b 1
n
62,5.1
%C 2 H=
3 Cl = 14,045%
62,5.1 + 76,5.5
.v
Cu 27: Chn p n D
om
= =
n C H 0,2(mol) n C H Br 0,05(mol)
Ta c: 4 6 4 6 4
= =
n Br2 0,25(mol) n C 4 H6 Br2 0,15(mol)
C H Br (+1,2) : a
.c
4 6 2 5a= 0,15 a= 0,03(mol)
ok
C 4 H 6 Br2 (+1,4) : 4a
m C 4 H6 Br2 ( +1,2) =
0,03.214 =
6, 42(gam)
bo
et
vi
a ng
kh
679

Khám Phs Tư Duynh Giải Nhanh Thần Tốc Nguyễn Anh Phong

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Khám Phs Tư Duynh Giải Nhanh Thần Tốc Nguyễn Anh Phong

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NGUYN ANH PHONG

TRNG I HC NGOI THNG H NI

Nhng dng ton kh thng gp trong k thi Quc gia

NHA XUAT BAN AI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI

D. nh lut bo ton khi lng (BTKL) ......................................... 64

PHN II: LUYN TP K NNG K XO GII TON

BNG CC NH LUT BO TON ..................................... 79

PHN III: NHNG CON NG T DUY GII CC DNG

TON C TH. ......................................................................... 185

ha hc ca mnh. Khi cc bn hiu c li t duy ca mnh cc bn s thy

bn cht ca cc phn ng ha hc. Ta c th hiu bn cht ca cc phn ng Ha

hc ch l qu trnh nguyn t di chuyn t cht ny qua cht khc, hay ni mt

Cng ging nh trong m nhc ch c 7 nt nhc nhng khi kt hp li c th to

Kh nng 1: S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t khng i.

Kh nng 2: S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t thay i.

A. NH LUT BO TON NGUYN T (BTNT)

A. 3,36 B. 2,24 C. 5,6 D. 6,72

H 2 SO 4 c sinh ra 0,325 mol kh SO 2 v dung dch Y. Nhng thanh Fe nng 50

Bi ton ny l mt bi ton BTNT kh hay. Ci hay ca bi ton ch:

(2). bi s liu v thanh Fe gy nhiu.

Ch :V HNO 3 c nng d nn khi lng mui ln nht l mui Fe(NO 3 ) 3

Sau cc phn ng Fe s chuyn thnh Fe 2 O 3 :

C 2 H 5 OH; C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 . Cho 25,4 gam hn hp X tc dng vi Na d thu c 5,6

A. 1,25 B. 1 C. 1,4 D. 1,2

H trong nhm OH ca X i u ? N bin thnh H 2 .

ThayS y= 0,6 (mol)

Cu 9: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH 3 COOH,C x H y COOH,v

phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO 3 d thu c 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO 2 . Tnh m:

A. 48,4 gam B. 33 gam C. 44g D. 52,8 g

H + sinh ra t u? T nhm COOH trong X.

Cu 10: Cho vo 1 bnh kn mt t cht xc tc bt Fe sau bm vo bnh 1 mol

Bi ton trn c nhiu bn khng s b by khi c i tnh ton cho qu

Cu 12:Nung 32,4 gam cht rn X gm FeCO 3 ,FeS,FeS 2 c t l s mol l 1:1:1

hon ton.S mol Y tham gia phn ng l :

FeCO3 : 0,1(mol) Fe2 O3 : 0,15(mol)

n Ophan ng = 0,1.2 + 0,3.2 + 0,15.3 0,1.3 = 0,95(mol)

Y : 2 = 5a 0,95 = a 0,19(mol) = nY = 2a 0,38(mol)

Cu 13: Hn hp kh X gm O 2 v O 3 c t l s mol l 1:1. Hn hp kh Y gm

Ta c: 108,8 FeCl3 : a 0, 4(mol)

0,4.2 + 3(a 0,4) = 2b

A.80 (gam) B. 160 (gam) C. 40 (gam) D. 120 (gam)

A.72 (gam) B. 88 (gam) C. 94 (gam) D. 104 (gam)

mol 1:4.Tnh khi lng hn hp X.

A.27,2 (gam) B. 28,56 (gam) C. 29,4 (gam) D. 18,04 (gam)

ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht Fe 2 O 3 v hn hp kh. Bit p sut hn

hp trc v sau khi phn ng bng nhau. Mi lin h gia a , b , c l :

A. 3,1 gam B. 6,2 gam C. 0,62 gam D. 31 gam

rn. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr m l:

Cu 12: Ho tan hn hp X gm 0,2 mol Fe v 0,1 mol Fe 2 O 3 vo dung dch HCl

Lc kt ta, ra sch em nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu

A. 16,0. B. 30,4. C. 32,0. D. 48,0.

fomat cn dng va 4,48 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c 2,7 gam H 2 O. Gi tr ca m l:

mol hn hp X, Y, Z cn va 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO 2

A. 12,6%. B. 29,9%. C. 29,6%. D. 15,9%.

P N V GII CHI TIT

tng gii bi ton : Dng BNTN Fe

V sau cng ton b lng Fe chuyn vo Fe 2 O 3 nn ta c ngay:

rng 1 mol S tc dng vi 1 mol oxi sinh ra 1 mol SO 2 nn s mol kh

Xem hn hp u c a+c mol Fe , b mol FeCO 3 . Mt mol Fe ra Fe 2 O 3 kh gim

3/4 mol. Mt mol FeCO 3 kh tng 3/4 mol .Vy b= a + c

p= const 0,75a + 0,25b + 2,75c = 2c + b 0,75a + 0,75c = 0,75b

m= 2,7 + 0,2.12 = 5,1g

lm nhanh ta hiu nc c tch ra t X cn O 2 phn ng i vo CO 2

= = m(C, H,O) 10,7 (gam)