I.

M HNH LI IN CA VIT NAM

Di y l m hnh nguyn l li in:

M hnh nguyn l li in.

1. H thng in Vit Nam

Gm c cc nh my in, cc li in, cc h tiu th c lin kt vi nhau
thnh mt h thng thc hin 4 qu trnh sn xut, truyn ti, phn phi v tiu th
in nng trong lnh th Vit Nam.
Cc cp in p ang vn hnh trn h thng in Vit Nam: 500kV, 220kV,
110kV, 35kV, 22kV, 10kV, 6 Kv; Tn s vn hnh li in: 50 hz.
Kt cu pha, dy: 3 pha, 2 pha v 1 pha.

2. Nh my in:
L ni sn xut (chuyn i) ra in nng t cc dng nng lng khc. V d: Nh
my nhit in: Ph Li, Ung B...; Nh my thy in: Ha Bnh, Sn La...; Nh
my in ht nhn: Ninh Thun (ang xy dng).

3. Li in:
L h thng truyn ti v phn phi in nng t ni sn xut n ni tiu th:
+ Li h thng: ni cc nh my in vi nhau v vi cc nt ph ti khu
vc. Vit Nam li h thng do A0 qun l, vn hnh mc in p 500 kV.
 + Li truyn ti: phn li t trm trung gian khu vc n thanh ci cao p
cung cp in cho trm trung gian a phng. Thng t 110-220 kV do A1, A2,
A3 qun l.
+ Li phn phi: t cc trm trung gian a phng n cc trm ph ti
(trm phn phi). Li phn phi trung p (6-35kV) do s in lc tnh qun l v
phn phi h p (220-380V).
4. Trm bin p (TBA):
 My bin p

- My bin p l thit b in t tnh lm vic theo nguyn l cm ng in t,

bin i mt h thng dng in xoay chiu in p ny thnh h thng dng in
xoay chiu in p khc vi tn s khng i.
+ Cu to ca my bin p:
My bin p gm hai cun dy c qun trn cng mt li st t. Mi cun
dy c qun bi nhiu vng dy st nhau nhng cch in vi nhau nh lp cht
cch in bc ngoi ca mi si dy in dng qun mi cun. Li st gm nhiu
l mng ghp st nhau gim ti a tc dng ca dng in Fu-c (lm nng li st
gy ra hao ph v ch).
 + Nguyn tc lm vic:
Khi c dng in xoay chiu tn s f chy trong cun s cp (primary) th
trong li ca my bin p c mt t thng bin thin vi tn s f. T thng bin thin
ny xuyn qua cun th cp (secondary) lm cho trong cun th cp c mt sut in
ng dao ng iu ha c tn s f. Nh vy, hai u cun th cp c mt in p
dao ng iu ha tn s f.

T s my bin p:
Trn nguyn tc: cng sut u vo bng cng sut u ra:
P vo = P ra hay P1 = P2 U1 x I1 = U2 x I2
Do vy, ta c: U1/ U2 = W1/W2 = I2/ I1
Trong : U1,I1 l in p, dng in u vo (in p, dng in s cp)
U2, I2: l in p, dng in u ra (in p, dng in thc cp)
W1, W2 l s vng dy mch u vo v u ra (s cp, th cp)
- Phn loi MBA teo cng dng, my bin p c phn loi nh sau:
+ My bin p lc: Dng truyn ti v phn phi cng sut trong h thng
in.
+ My bin p chuyn dng: Dng cho l luyn kim, cho cc thit b chnh
lu, my bin p hn
 + My bin p t ngu: bin i in p trong mt phm v khng ln lm
dng m my cc ng c in xoay chiu.
+ My bin p o lng: Dng gim in p v dng in ln a vo
cc ng h o.
+ My bin p th nghim: Dng th nghim cc in p cao.
- Phn loi MBA theo cu to:
+ My bin p 2 dy cun, my bin p 3 dy cun.
+ My bin p t ngu: Gia cun s v th cp khng nhng linh vi nhau
v t m cn lin h vi nhau v in.
v My bin in p
K hiu: BU hoc TU:
- L mt thit b c tc dng cch ly phn s cp vi th cp, nhim v bin
i in p li t tr s cao xung tr s thp, cung cp cho thit b o lng, bo v,
t ng ho. Thng cng sut ca ti my bin in p rt b (vi chc n vi trm
VA), ng thi tng tr mch ngoi rt ln c th xem nh my bin in p thng
xuyn lm vic khng ti.
My bin in p trung p
- Phn loi my bin in p: BU kh, BU du, BU 1 pha, BU 3 pha
+ BU kh: thng c s dng cp in p 35kV tr xung.
+ BU du: S dng cho mi yu cu.
- Vi cp in p cao ngi ta ch to theo kiu phn cp, phn p:
+ Phn cp bng cun dy: Gm nhiu tng li t, cun dy s cp c chia
u trn cc li, cun th cp ch c cun trn li cui cng .
+ Phn p bng t: Dng b phn p bng t ly mt phn in p cao vo
cun s cp .
v My bin dng in (BI hoc TI):
- My bin dng in c tc dng cch ly gia phn s cp vi th cp, c
nhim v dng bin i dng in t tr s ln xung tr s nh hn cung cp
cho cc dng c o lng, bo v, t ng ho. Thng BI c dng nh mc th cp
l 1; 5A hoc 10A.
Kt cu b thit b t trn xung di: Cng t, TI, cu ch
* H tiu th: do c im v yu cu tng loi khch hng s dng in nn
ph ti in c chia ra.
+ H loi 1: h tiu th quan trng nu ngng cung cp in nguy him n
sc khe tnh mng con ngi, gy thit hi ln v kinh t, an ninh, quc phng.
+ H loi 2: nu ngng cung cp ch gy thit hi v kinh t nh qu trnh sn
xut b gin on.
+ H loi 3: l nhng h cn li.