HANBOOK FOR PHARMACIST Vol.

II

2553

HANBOOK FOR PHARMACIST Vol.III

30 2553


1
14
Allergy 32
46
56

(Usual Dosage for Children)
.

1.

2.

3.
G6PD Hemolysis
sulfa
4.

1. (Premature)
38-42
2. (newborn, neonate)
1
 3. (infant, baby) 1
1
4. (small child) 1-5
5. (Old child) 6-12
6. (adolescent) 13 18
4
(Absorption) (distribution)
(metabolism) (Excretion)


(permeability) blood brain barrier

(depressant effect) phenobarbitone, morphine sulfate

Body surface area, Therapeutic index
Phenytione, valproic acid

 (Antimicrobial agent)

1. Penicillin

Penicillin V (125mg/5ml) < 12 : 25-50mg/kg/day
6-8 Max : 3g/day
Amoxycillin <3 : 20-30mg(Amoxy)/kg/day
Syr. 125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml 12
Amoxycillin+Clavulonic acid Syr. 3 : 20-50mg(Amoxy)/kg/day
(AugmentinR 228mg, 457mg/5ml) 8-12
Max : 80-90mg(Amoxy)/kg/day 12
(acute otitis media or severe infection)
Cloxacillin (125mg/5ml) >1 : 50-100mg/kg/day
6-8 Max : 4g/day
Dicloxacillin <40 . : 25-50mg/kg/day
Cap. 250mg, 500mg 6-8 Osteomyelitis
50-100mg/kg/day 6-8
Cephalexin >1 : 25-50mg/kg/day
(Ibilex 125mg/5ml)
R
6-8 Severe infection : 50-100mg/kg/day
6-8 Max : 4g/day
Cefuroxime 3 -12 : 20-30mg/kg/day
(Zinacef 250mg/5ml)
R
12
Cefaclor (DistaclorR >1 : 20-40mg/kg/day
Syr. 125mg/5ml,250mg/5ml) 8-12 Max: 1g/day
Cefdinir 6 -12 : 14mg/kg
(Omnicef Syr. 125mg/5ml)
R
7mg/kg/dose 2 Max : 600mg/day
Cefixime 6 : 8-20mg/kg/day
(Cefspan Syr. 100mg/5ml)
R
12-24 Max : 400mg/day
Cefditoren pivoxil 12 : 10-20mg/kg/day
(Meiact 100mg/ Tab.)
R
8-12
 2. Macrolide
Erythromycin (125mg/5ml)
Azithromycin
(ZithromaxR 200mg/5ml)
Roxithromycin
(RulidR Tab. 100mg, 150mg)
Midicamycin (MiotinR syr.
200mg/5ml, 200mg/Tab)
Spiramycin (RovamycinR syr.
125mg/5ml, 500mg/tab.)
Clarithromycin (Klacid syr. 125mg 6 : 15mg/kg/day 1-2 ,
250mg/5ml, 250mg, 500mg/Tab.) Max : 1g/day
3. Sulfonamides
Co-trimoxazole, BactrimR
(TMP 40mg.+Sulfamethoxazole
200mg/5ml)
Infant and Chlidren:
Base : 30-50mg/kg/day 6-8
Max : 2g/day
Estolate : 30-50mg/kg/day 6-8
Max : 2g/day
Ethylsuccinate : 30-50mg/kg/day
6-8 Max : 3.2g/day
Stearate : 30-50mg/kg/day 6-8
Max : 2g/day
6 : 5-12mg/kg/day
3 Max : 500mg/day
30mg/kg/ day single dose. Max:1500 mg/day
Children : 5-8mg/kg/day 2
1
Max : 300mg/day
20-50mg/kg/day 3
50-100mg/kg/day 2-3
2 : 6-12mg/kg/day TMP
12 Max : 320mg TMP/day
Severe infection : 15-20mg/kg/day
TMP 6-8 (Pneumocytis)
 4. Fluoroquinolones
18
Arthropathy
Norfloxacin
(LexinorRTab. 100, 400mg)
Ofloxacin
(TarividR Tab. 100, 200mg)
Ciprofloxacin
(Ciprobay 250mg, 500 mg)
5. (Miscellaneous drugs)
Metronidazole
(FlagylR 200mg/5ml)
Albendazole (ZentelR 200mg/5ml)
15-20mg/kg/day 12
10-20mg/kg/day 12
20-30mg/kg/day 12
Infant and Chlidren:
Amebiasis : 35-50mg/kg/day 8
10
Anaerobic infection : 15-35mg/kg/day
8
Trichomaniasis :15-35mg/kg/day
8 7
: 10-15mg/kg/day
(tapeworm),
(roundworm), (hookworm),
(whipworm), (threadworm)
>2 : 400mg single dose
1-2 : 200mg single dose
Strongyloides : >2 : 400mg
3
Liver fluke : >2 : 400mg 2
3
 5. (Miscellaneous drugs) ()

Mebendazole 2-5mg/kg/day 2
(Fugacar 100mg/5ml, 100mg/tab.) Max : 100mg/dose
R

(roundworm), (hook-
worm), (whipworm),
(threadworm) : 1-2 : 100mg 2
3
(Pinworm) : 100mg single dose

(Analgesic and Anti pirectic drugs)


Ibuprofen (100mg./5ml) 6 -12 :
Antipyretic, Analgesic : 5-10mg/kg/dose
6-8 Max : 40mg/kg/day
Rheumatoid arthritis : 30-50mg/kg/day
6-8 Max : 24g/day
Paracetamol 10-15mg/kg/dose 4-6
(60mg/0.6ml, 120 mg/5ml,
250mg/5ml)
 (Respiratory drugs)

1. Antihistamine

Chlorpheniramine (2mg/5ml.) <12 : 0.35mg/kg/day
3-4 Max : 12mg/day
>12 : 4mg 4-6
Max : 24mg/day
Brompheniramine 0.5mg/kg/day 3-4
(DimetappR 4mg/5ml) Decongestants
Diphenhydramine 2-12 : 5mg/kg/day 6-8
(BenadrylR 12.5mg/5ml) Max : 300mg/day
2-<6 : 6.25-12.5mg 6-8
Max : 75mg/day
6-<12 : 12.5-2 mg 6-8
Max : 150mg/day
12 : 25-50mg 6-8
Max : 300mg/day
Cetirizine (ZyrtecR 5mg/5ml) 0.25mg/kg/day 1-2
6-12 : 2.5mg
12 -2 : 2.5mg
2.5mg 2
2-5 : 2.5mg 2
5mg
5 5-10mg
Ketotifen (ZaditenR 1mg/5ml) 6 : 0.25mg/kg/dose 2
( 1mg/dose)
 1. Antihistamine ()

Hydroxyzine 2mg/kg/day 6-8
(AtaraxR 10mg/5ml)
6 -1 : 10-15mg/day
6-8
1-5 : 20-30mg/day
6-8
6-10 : 30-60mg/day
6-8
Loratadine 2-5 : 5mg
(Clarityne 5mg/5ml)
R
6 : 10mg
Fexofenadine 6 - <2 :
(Telfast 60mg/tablet)
R
2-11 : 30mg
>12 : 60mg
Desloratadine 6-11 : 1mg
(AeriusR 5mg/tablets, 2.5mg/5ml) 12 -5 : 1.25mg
6-11 : 2.5mg
>12 : 5mg
Levocetirizine 0.125mg/kg/day
(ZyxalR 5mg/tablets)
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Montelukast (SingulairR 5, 10mg/ 6 -5 : 4mg
tablets, 4mg/ 6-14 : 5mg
15 : 10mg
 2. Decongestants

ActifedR (Triprolidine 1.25mg 4mg/kg/day (3-5 mg/kg/day)
+Pseudoephedrine 30mg/5ml) Pseudoephedine 3-4
Pseudoephedrine 1mg/Kg/
(MaxiphedR 30mg/5ml)
Phenylephrine (dimetappR elixir 1mg/kg/day 3-4
5mg/5ml+Brompheniramine
2mg/5ml)

3. Expectorants

Guaifenesin (TussaR, RobitussinR 6 -<2 : 12/kg/day
100mg/5ml.) 3-4 25mg-50mg
3-4 Max : 300mg/day
2-5 : 50mg-100mg 3-4
Max : 600mg/day
6-11 : 100-200mg 3-4
Max : 1.2gm/day
>12 : 200-400mg 3-4
Max : 2.4gm/day
4. Mucolytics

Carbocisteine (Rhinathiol 100mg/ 2-5 : 62.5-125mg
5ml, Flemex 250mg/5ml) 3-4
6-12 : 250mg 3
>12 : 500mg 3
 4. Mucolytics ()

Bromhexine <2 1mg (1.2-1.5ml) 3
(BisolvonR 4mg/5ml) 2-6 2mg (2.5ml) 3
6-12 4mg (5ml) 3
>12 8mg (1 ) 3
Acetylcysteine 20-30mg/kg/day 3
(Fluimucil 100mg, 200mg/)
R

<2 50mg 3
2-6 100mg 3
Ambroxol <2 7.5mg 2
(Mucosolvan 30mg/5ml)
R
2-5 7.5mg 2-3
6-12 15mg 2-3
>12 15-30mg 3
5. Brochodilators

Salbutamol (VentrolinR 2mg/5ml) 0.1-0.2mg/kg/dose 6-8

2-5 : 0.1-0.2mg/kg/dose 3 / ;
12mg/
6-12 : 2mg/dose 3-4 / ;
24mg/
>12 : 2-4mg/dose 3-4 / ;
32mg/
Terbutaline <12 : 0.05mg/kg/dose
(Bricanyl 1.5mg/5ml)
R
6-8 Max : 0.15mg/kg/dose
5mg/day
>12 : 2.5mg/dose 3
7.5mg/day
Procaterol (Meptin 25mcg/5ml) 1.25mcg/kg/dose 12
R
 6. Dry Cough

Dextromethorphan 1-2mg/kg/day 3
(RomilarR 15mg/5ml
2-6 : 30mg/
6-12 : 60mg/
12 : <120mg/

(Gastrointestinol drugs)


Domperidone 0.2-0.4mg/kg/dose 6-8
(MotiliumR 5mg/5ml)
<1 : -1/2 3-4 /
1-5 : -1 3-4 /
6-12 : 1-2 3-4 /
Simethicone < 2 : 20mg (0.3ml) 3-4 times/day
(Air-XR 40mg/0.6ml) 2-12 : 40mg (0.6ml) 3-4 times/day
>12 : 40-125mg 3-4 time/day
Max : 500mg/day
Dicyclomine 6 -1 : 5mg/dose
(BerclomineR 5mg/5ml) 3-4
>1 : 10mg/dose 3-4

Hyoscine 0.3-0.6mg/kg/dose 6-8
(BuscopanR 5mg/5ml)
<1 : 2.5mg/dose 6-8
1-6 : 5-10mg/dose 6-8
>6 : 10-20mg/dose 6-8

 ()

Aluminum hydroxide 220mg with Peptic ulcer
Magnesium hydroxide 120mg/5ml Neonate (-1 ) : 1ml/kg/dose
(Alum milkR) (1 -1 ) : 2-5ml/
(1-5 ) : 5-15ml/
(6-12 ) : 15-45ml/
1
2
Cimetidine (tagamentR 200, 400, 20-40mg/kg/day 2-4
800mg/tablets)
Ranitidine 1 -16 : 2-4mg/kg/day
(ZantacR 150mg, 300mg/tablets) 2 Max : 300mg/day
GERDs : 5-10mg/kg/day 2
Famotidine <3 : 0.5mg/kg/dose
(Agufam 20mg/tablets)
R
1 -16 : 1-2mg/kg/day
2-3 Max : 80mg/day
Omeprazole 2 : 0.6-3.3mg/kg/day
(Miracid , Losec 20mg/Capsule) 1-2
R R

<20kg : 10mg/kg
20kg : 20mg/kg
Lactulose (DuphalacR 10g/15ml) : 2.5-10ml/day
: 40-90ml/day
: 30-45ml/day
Magnesium hydroxide <2 : 0.5ml/kg/day
2-5 : 5-15ml/day
6-12 : 15-30ml/day
>12 : 30-60ml/day
1-2
Reference :
1. Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Golden MP, Lance LL, editors. Drug
information handbook.14 th ed. Hudson(OH): Lexi; 2004.
2. Lacy CF, Armstrong LL, Golden MP, Lance LL, editors. Drug
information handbook.17 th ed. Hudson(OH): Lexi; 2008-2009.
3. Evangelista LF,Au LE, Arrojo MA, Francisco JC, editor. MIMS
Thailand. Bangkok: Medimedia (Thailand) Ltd; 2008
4. Taketomo CK, Hodding JH and Kraus DM editor. Pediatric
Dosage Handbook. 12 th ed.Hudson(OH):Lexi;2005.
5. :
2549.
6. ,
(
), , 2549.
7. . . :
.

(Drug Dosing Adjustments in Patients
with Chronic Kidney Disease)
.

(Chronic Kidney Disease; CKD)

Drug absorption, bioavailability, protein binding, drug distribution, nonrenal
clearance (metabolism)
/
(ineffective therapy)

(glomerular filtration rate; GFR) creatinine clearance
(CrCl) (dosage reduction
method) (interval extension method)
5





(Chronic kidney disease; CKD)

The National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Qual-

ity Initiative
(K/DOQI)
Chronic
kidney disease

(kidney
damage)

(glomerular filtration rate ; GFR) 60mL/min/

1.73m

2


3 .1,5

K/DOQI

 (Dosing Adjustments)
Loading dose

(maintenance dose)
(Dose reduction method ; D)
(Interval extension method or lengthening the dosing interval
; I) (D,I)5

Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults

(GFR) 3 GFR 10 mL/minute/1.73 m2
GFR 10-50 mL/minute/1.73 m2 GFR 50 mL/
minute/1.73 m2
K/DOQI staging system
(initial dosages) (regimens)

GFR creatinine clear-
ance (CrCl) Cockcroft-Gault equation.
Cockcroft-Gault CrCl
CrCl (male) = ([140-age] X weight in kg)/(serum creatinine X 72)

CrCl (female) = CrCl (male) X 0.85

 (Antimicrobial drugs)


Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin
Ceftriaxone Doxycycline Clindamycin Metronidazole
CrCl
10 ml/min (on dialysis)

(multiple doses) 50%
12
(short course)
Metronidazole4,6

(Analgesics)

(stage 5 kidney disease; ESRD)

(metabolites) meperidine (pethidine), morphine,
dextropropoxyphene, tramadol codeine

(CNS) normeperidine
metabolites meperidine 15-30
normeperidine
Neuroexcitatory effect CNS stimulant

(anxiety), (tremors), (confusion), (hallucinations),
hyperreflexia, (myoclonus)

4
5 morphine codeine 50-75%
creatinine clearance 50 mL/minute. trama-
dol (regular release) creatinine clearance 30 mL/
minute. (interval exten-
sion) 12 200 mg/day
tramadol extended-release
(CKD) Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
(renal impairment)5
 2 2, 4
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50 10-50 < 10
Narcotic Analgesics
Codeine 30-60 mg q4-6h D 100% 75% 50%
Meperidine (Pethidine) 50-100 mg q3-4h D 100% 75% 50%
Morphine 20-25 mg q4h D 100% 75% 50%
Naloxone 2 mg IV D
Methadone 2.5-10 mg q6-8h D 100% 100% 50-75%
Non-narcotic Analgesics
Acetaminophen 500-1,000 mg PO q4-6h I q4h q6h q8h
Aspirin 325-650 mg PO q4h I q4h q4-6h Avoid
Tramadol 50-100 mg PO q8-12h I 100% CrCl > 30 ml/min : No Change
CrCl < 30 ml/min :
50-100 mg PO q12h
(max. 200 mg/day)
 3 2, 5
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50 10-50 < 10
Diuretics
Amiloride 5 mg q24h D 100% 50% Avoid
If CrCl < 30
ml/min : Avoid
Furosemide 20-300 mg q12-24h D
Hydrochlorothi-azide 6.25-100 mg q24h D 100% 100% Ineffective
(HCTZ) if CrCl < 30
Spironolactone 50-100 mg/day I q12h q12-24h Avoid
If CrCl < 30
ml/min : Avoid
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
Captopril 6.25-100 mg /day q8-12h D 100% 75% 50%
(max. 450 mg/day)
Enalapril 2.5-40 mg/day q12-24h D 100% 75-100% 50%
(max. 40 mg/day)
 3 2, 5 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50 10-50 < 10
Perindopril 4 - 8 mg/day q24h D,I 100% 2 mg q24-48h 2 mg q48h
(max. 16 mg/day)
Ramipril 2.5-10 mg/day q24h D 100% 25-50% 25%
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs)
Candesartan 8-32 mg q24h D
Irbesartan 150-300 mg q24h D
Losartan 25-100 mg q24h D
Valsartan 80-320 mg q24h D
Beta-Blockers
Atenolol 50 -100 mg PO q24h D 50 -100 mg 25-50 mg 25 mg q24h
q24h q24h
Bisoprolol 2.5- 20 mg PO q24h D 100% 75% 50%
 3 2, 5 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50 10-50 < 10
Carvedilol 3.125-25 mg PO q12-24h D
Metoprolol 50-200 mg PO q24h D
Propranolol 80-160 mg PO q12h D
Calcium-Channel Blockers (CCBs) :
1-adrenergic receptors blockers :
4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Penicillins
Penicillin G 0.5-4 million unite q4-6h D 100% 75% 20-50%
Penicillin VK 125-500 mg PO q6h D
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Amoxicillin 250-500 mg PO q8h I q8h q8-12h q24h
Ampicillin 250 mg 2 g IV q6h I q6h q6-12h q12-24h
Amoxicillin (AM) + 500/125 mg q8h D, I 500/125 mg 250-500 mg 250-500 mg
Clavulanate (CL) (if CrCl 30 ml/min do not use q8h AM. compo- AM. component
875/125 AM/CL) nent q12h q24h
Ampicillin+sulbactam 2 g Ampi + 1 g SB q6h I q6h q8 -12h q24h
Cloxacillin 500 mg 2 g IV q6h D
Dicloxacillin 250-500 mg PO q6h D
Piperacillin + tazobactam 3.375 - 4.5 g q6-8h D, I 100% 2.25 g q6h 2.25 g q8h
(q8h if CrCl
< 20 ml/min)
Cephalosporins
Cefazolin sodium 1-2 g IV q6-8h I q8h q12h q24-48h
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Cephalexin 250 - 500 mg PO q6-8h I q6-8h q8-12h q12-24h
Cefoxitin sodium 2 g IV q8h I q8h q8-12h q24-48h
Cefuroxime sodium 0.75 -1.5 g IV q8h I q8h q8-12h q24h
Cefdinir 200-300 mg PO q12h D, I 100 % CrCl > 30 ml/min : No change
(max. 600 mg/day) CrCl < 30 ml/min : 300 mg
q24h
Cefditoren 200 mg PO q12h D, I 200 mg PO CrCl 30 - 50 : 200 mg q12h
(may up to 400 mg q12h) q12h CrCl < 30 : 200 mg q24h
Cefixime 200 mg q12h (6-12 MKD) D 100% 75% 50%
Cefotaxime 1-2 g IV q6-8h I q8-12h q12 -24h q24h
Ceftazidime 1-2 g q8h (max.6 g/d) I q8-12h q12-24h q24-48h
Ceftriaxone 1-2 g q12-24h (max.4 g/d) D
Cefoperazone 1-3 g IV q8h D
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Sulperazone 1.5 g Cefoperazone 1-2 g D Cefoperazone CrCl :15-30 CrCl < 15 ml/
( Cefoperazone 1g + Sul- IV,IM q12h 1-2 g IV,IM ml/min min
bactam 0.5 g ) Max: 4 g/day Sulbactam q12h 1 gm q12h 500 mg q 12h
Max : 2 g/day Max : 1 g/day
Cefepime 2 g IV q8h (max. dose) D, I 2 g q8h 2 g q12-24h 1 g q24h
Once-daily Aminoglycoside therapy
CrCl (ml/min) > 80 60-80 40-60 30-40 20-30 10-20 < 10
Drugs Dose (mg/kg) q24h Dose (mg/kg) q48h Dose q72h
Gentamicin / 5.1 4 3.5 2.5 4 3 2
Tobramycin
Amikacin / 15 12 7.5 4 7.5 4 3
Streptomycin
Netilmicin 6.5 5 4 2 3 2.5 2
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Macrolides
Azithromycin 250-500 mg PO OD D
CrCl < 10 ml/min
Clarithromycin 0.5-1.0 g q12h D 100% 75% 50-75%
Erythromycin 250-500 mg PO q6h D 100% 100% 50-75%
(250 mg q6h)
Roxithromycin 150 mg PO bid ac D
Ketolides
Telithromycin 800 mg PO q24h D 100% 600 mg q24h (If CrCl < 30
ml/min)
Fluoroquinolones
Norfloxacin 400 mg PO q12 h 400 mg q12 h CrCl 10-30 Avoid
ml/min:
400 mg q24h
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Ofloxacin 200-400 mg PO q12h D, I 200-400 mg CrCl 20-50 : 200-400 mg q24h
q12h CrCl < 20 : 50% q24h
Ciprofloxacin 500-750 mg PO q12h D 100% 50-75% 50%
or 400 mg IV q12h
Levofloxacin 750 mg q24h IV, PO D, I 750 mg q24h CrCl 20-49 CrCl <20
ml/min : ml/min :
750 mg q48h 750 mg once
then 500 mg
q48h
Moxifloxacin 400 mg q24h IV, PO D
Other antibiotics
Aztreonam 2 g IV q8h D 100% 50-75% 25%
Imipenem / cilastatin 500 mg IV q6h D, I 250-500 mg 250 mg 125-250 mg
( max. 4 g/day ) q6-8h q6-12h q12h
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Meropenem 1 2 gm IV q8h D, I 100% If > 25 ml/min: 50%
(max. 6 g/day) IV q8h 100% IV q12h IV q24h
If 25 ml/min
50% IV q12h
Vancomycin 1 g IV q12h D, I 1 g q12h 1 g q24-96h 1 g q 4-7 days
Clindamycin PO 150-450 mg q6-8h D
IV 600-900 mg q6-8h
Colistimethate sodium 80 - 160 mg IV q8h D 160 mg q12h 160 mg q24h 160 mg q36h
(colistin) or 2.5 - 5 mg/kg/day
Metronidazole 500 mg IV q6-8h D 100% 100% 50%
Sulfamethoxazole + 5 mg/kg TMP D 100% 50% Not
Trimethoprim (Bactrim) IV q8 h recommended
Bactrim(prophylaxis) DS 1 tab. PO OD D
Doxycycline 100-200 mg/day PO bid D
 4 (Antimicrobial agents) 3, 4, 6.7 ()
Adjustment for Renal Failure
Dose for
Class/Drug Estimated CrCl (ml/min)
Normal Renal Function Method
> 50-90 10-50 < 10
Minocycline 100 mg PO q12h D
Tigecycline IV 100 mg then 50 mg q12h D
Antiparasitic agents
Albendazole 200-400 mg PO OD-bid D
Mebendazole 500 mg PO OD D
Quinine 650 mg q8h I 650 mg q8h 650 mg q8-12h 650 mg q24h
Antifungal agents
Amphotericin B 0.5-1.5 mg/kg/day I q24h q24h q24h
Fluconazole 200-400 mg q24h D 100 % 50% 50%
(max. 800 mg/day)
Itraconazole , PO 100-200 mg PO q12-24h D 100 % 100% 50%
Ketoconazole 200 mg/day PO OD D
Griseofulvin 500 mg/day PO OD D


5

5

References :
1. Abboud H, Henrich WL. Clinical practice: Stage IV Chronic Kidney
Disease. N Engl J Med 2010;362:56-65. Available at: www.nejm.
org. Accessed date: January 10th, 2010.
2. Aronoff GR, Bennett WM, Berns JS, et al. Drug Prescribing in Renal
Failure: Dosing Guidelines for Adults and Children. 5th ed. Philadelphia,
PA.: American College of Physicians.2007.
3. Gilbert DN, Moellering RC,Eliopoulos GM, Sande MA. The Sanford
Guide To Antimicrobial Therapy.38th ed. United State of America,
2008 : 178-185.
4. Lacy CF, Armstrongs LL, Goldman MP, Lance LL. Drug Information
 Handbook with International Trade Names Index. 17th ed. Ohio,
Lexi-Comp Inc., 2008-2009.
5. Munar MY, Singh H. Drug Dosing Adjustments in Patients with
Chronic Kidney Disease : Am Fam Physician 2007;75:1487-96.
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Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2008: page10-8 to 10-10.
7. David F. McAuley, Pharm.D., R.Ph. GlobalRPh Inc. Available at:
http://www.globalrph.com/index_renal.htm. Accessed date: March
15th, 2010
 Allergy
.

Allergen

(antibody) IgE antibody antibody
Mast cell Histamine

Anaphylaxis
shock

30
50-60


Anaphylaxis
Eczema, ( )
contact dermatitis,
urticaria
allergic conjuntivitis (
)

Lactobacillus











(eczema)

Allergic Shiners

Dennie-Morgan Lines

 Long Face S yndrome

Nasal Salute

Facial Tics

Keratosis Pilaris

Atopic Ezema

Conjunctivitis

Glue ear

Posterior nasal drip

Skin Prick Test

Skin Prick Test

1.


2 - 6
2.
3.
4.
5.
15
6.

- Blood test
(IgE)

- Patch test
contact dermatitis
 48
nickle
- Challenge test

( Decongestant)
steroid
1.


fiberglass

2. Immunotherapy

IgG allergenic extrac
(skin prick test



30
 beta-block
monoamine oxidaseinhibitors (MAOIs)
3.
Antihistamin, Anticholinergic,
(Steroid), Mast cell stabilizer
Antihistamine



H1-receptor
histamine

1. Perrenial
allergic rhinitis seasonal allergic rhinitis
2.
3. cetirizine, terfena-
dine
4. Atopic dermatitis ceti-
rizine, loratadine, ketotifen
 5. asthma

1.

2. astemazole, terfenadine

1.
erythromycin, ketoconazole, itraconazole
2.
3.
4.
Anticholinergic



Sympathomimetic






Pseudoephedine
Actifed, Carinase,
Tiffy, Decolgen

Tiffy, Decolgen

(tolerance)
(Steroid)

steroid


3-7

steroid

Triamcinolone, Beclomethasone. Budes-
onide, Fluticasone
Mast cell Stabilizer

Mast cell
cromolyn



4-6

10-15 2-4

1. ..

2. Drug Informatiom Handbook 2000-2001
 Antihistamine

Antihistamine group
1 - -
Chlorpheniramine - -
Hydroxyzine - 4-6 .
Tripolidine - -
Brompheniramine -
-

2 - - Category B
Loratadine -
- 10 mg
- 1 -
Macrolides / Azoles
- Group
-
-

 Antihistamine ()

Antihistamine group
3 - - Category B
Cetirizine - -
- 10 mg
1 -
-

Fexofenadine - - Category C
- 60 mg Alum milk
2
-
6-11
30 mg
2

.





















































































































































































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2002;77:713-6

.

1.
2.

3.

4.

5.
ZithromaxR
1.
2.
600 . (15 .) 9 .
1200 . (30 .) 15 .
3.
4.
( 30 )
 bisphosphonates osteoporosis
1. (
) 30 ( 60
ibandronate ( boniva))
2. 1
( )
fosamax plus (alendronate sodium/colecalciferol)
boniva (ibandronate)
3. 30
fosamax plus 60 boniva

Sublingual tablets
1.

2. isosorbide dinitrate sublingual tablet 1

3-5
3. 1
5 3

4.
5-10
5.

MDI

MDI (http://asthmameds.ca/pmdi.php)
1.
2. 3-4
3.
4.
3-4

5. 1

6.
10
7.
8.
1-2
9.
5
 10.


Turbuhaler

turbuhaler (http://asthmameds.ca/turbuhaler.php)
1. turbuhaler

2.

3.
4.


 5. 10

6.
1-2
7.
8.

10 20 ()

Spiriva Handihaler
dust cap

dust cap (mouthpiece)

(ridge)

1.

2.

3.

4. 2-3

5.

6.
10
7. 1

1

1.
2.

 3.
1

4. 2-3

5.
10

1.
2.
2-3

3.

4.
5.

6. 2

1. . - 1.
: , 2551.
2. , ,
.
(.. 2550) .
: , 2550.
3. OConnell, MB and Vondracek, SF. Osteoporosis and Other
Metabolic Bone Diseases in Dipiro, JT, Talbert, RL, Yee, GC et al,
editors. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 7th ed.
New York: McGrawHill; 2008: 1483-1504.
4. Richards, PM. , .
Winfield, AJ and Richards RME, editor. ,
, .
. : , 2548: 279-294.
5.
.
.
6. fosamax plus.
7. symbicort turbuhaler.
8. zithromax.
9. http://asthmameds.ca/turbuhaler.php accessed 11 March 2010
10. http://www.boniva.com/about_boniva/how_to_take_boniva.aspx
accessed 11 March 2010
11. http://www.spiriva.com/consumer/taking-spiriva/how-to-take-spiriva.
jsp accessed 11 March 2010

Abbott Laboratories Ltd. (Vidaylin) Johnson & Johnson (Thailand) Ltd.
Astra Zeneca (Thailand) Ltd. (tylenol)
B.L.Hua Ltd. Medinova Ltd. (Hirudoid)
Bangkok Botanica Ltd. (Cybele) Medline Co., Ltd.
Bangkok Drug Co., Ltd. Millimed Co., Ltd.
Bayer Schering Pharma MSD (Thailand) Ltd.
Beiersdorf (Thailand) Co., Ltd. Naturelife .
Biopharm Chemicals Co., Ltd. Novartis (Thailand) Ltd.
Blackmores Ltd. (Novartis Consumer)
Boehringer Ingelheim (Thai) Ltd. Novartis (Thailand) Ltd.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Thai Ltd. (Novartis Pharma)
Eisai (Thailand) Marketing Co., Ltd. Pfizer (Thailand) Ltd.
Glaxosmithkline (Thailand) Ltd. Rottapharm
Great Eastern Drug Co., Ltd. (Decolgen) Sanofi-Aventis (Thailand) Ltd.
Haw Par Tiger Balm (Thailand) Ltd. Siam Health Group Co., Ltd. (Smooth E)
(Tiger ) Siam Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Healthcore Ltd. Silom Medical Co., Ltd.
Janssen-Cilag Ltd. Sino-Pacific trading (Thailand) Co.,Ltd.
Jasdermatology Ltd. T.C.Pharma-Chem Co.,Ltd.

T.Man Pharma Ltd., Part.
Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. ()
Takeda (Thailand) Ltd.
US Summit Corporation (Overseas)
Wyeth Consumer Healthcare (Centrum)
Zuellig Pharma ( Perskindol) ()
() (1996)
(Epual)
()
()
() ()
(Roc) .....