List of human evolution fossils

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The following tables give a brief overview of several notable hominin fossil
finds relating to human evolution beginning with the formation of the
Hominini tribe in the late Miocene (roughly 6 million years ago).

As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of

single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare,[1]
this overview is not complete, but does show some of the most important
finds. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by
radiometric dating and/or incremental dating and the species name
represents current consensus; if there is no clear scientific consensus the
other possible classifications are indicated. Deprecated classifications may
be found on the fossil's page.

Most of the fossils shown are not considered direct ancestors to Homo
sapiens but are closely related to direct ancestors and are therefore
important to the study of the lineage.
Contents
1 Undated
2 Late Miocene
2.1 7 million - 5.3 million years old
3 Pliocene
3.1 5.3 million - 2.58 million years old
4 Pleistocene
4.1 Lower Paleolithic: 2.58 million - 300,000
4.2 Middle Paleolithic: 300,000 - 50,000 years old
4.3 Upper Paleolithic: 50,000 - 10,000 years old
5 Holocene
5.1 Mesolithic / Neolithic: 10,000 - 5000 years old
6 Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name
7 Timelines
8 See also
9 Further reading
10 References
10.1 Bibliography
11 External links

Undated
Year Discov Now
Specie Countr
Name Age discove ered located
s y
red by at
Universi
Dinaledi Rick
ty of the
Chambe Hunter
Homo South Witwate
r Undated 2013 and
naledi Africa rsrand
hominin Steven
(South
s Tucker
Africa)

Late Miocene
7 million - 5.3 million years old

Year Discov Now

Specie Countr
Name Age discove ered located
s y
red by at
TM 266 7 Ma[2] Sahelan 2001 Chad Alain N'Djame
(Toumai thropus Beauvil na
) tchaden ain, (Chad),
sis Fanone BEAC
Gongdib
e,
 Maham
at
Adoum
and
Ahounta
Djimdou
malbay
e
Martin
Pickford
,
Kiptala
m
Cheboi,
Orrorin
BAR Dominiq
6 Ma[3] tugenen 2000 Kenya
1000'00 ue
sis
Gomme
ry,
Pierre
Mein,
Brigitte
Senut,
Ardipith
Yohanne
ALA-VP 5.5-5.8 ecus
1997 Ethiopia s Haile-
1/20[4] Ma kadabb
Selassie
a

Pliocene
5.3 million - 2.58 million years old

Year Discov Now

Specie Countr
Image Name Age discove ered located
s y
red by at
Ardipith Yohanne
Ardi 4.4 Ma[5] ecus 1994 Ethiopia s Haile-
ramidus Selassie
Australo Arnold
pithecu Lewis,
KNM-LT 4.2 - 5
s 1967 Kenya Bryan
329 Ma[6]
anamen Patterso
sis n[7][8][9]
Australo
4.15- pithecu Kiptala
KNM-TH
5.25 s 1984 Kenya m
13150
Ma[10] anamen Cheboi[7]
sis
 Australo
pithecu Bryan
KNM-KP
4 Ma[11] s 1965 Kenya Patterso
271
anamen n[7]
sis
Laetoli
Bipedal Tanzani Mary
Footprin 3.7 Ma 1976
hominin a Leakey
ts
Australo
pithecu Laetoli, Mary
2.9 - 3.9
LH 4 s 1974 Tanzani Leakey[1
Ma
afarensi a 2]

s
Australo
KSD-VP-
pithecu Yohanne
1/1
3.58 Ma s 2005 Ethiopia s Haile-
(Kadanu
afarensi Selassie
umuu)
s
Mamelb
Australo
aye N'Djame
KT- pithecu
Tomalta na
12/H1 3.5 Ma s 1995 Chad
and (Chad),
(Abel) bahrelg
Michel BEAC
hazali
Brunet
Justus
KNM-WT
Kenyant Erus
40000 Lake
hropus and
(Flat 3.5 Ma 1999 Turkana,
platyop Meave
Faced Kenya
s Leakey[1
Man)[13] 4]

Australo Yohann
pithecu es
BRT-VP- 3.3 - 3.5
s 2015 Ethiopia Haile-
3/14 Ma
deyirem Selassie[
eda 15]

Stw 573 Australo

South Ronald
(Little 3.3 Ma pithecu 1994
Africa J. Clarke
foot) s?
Australo
Zeresen
pithecu
DIK-1 ay
3.3 Ma s 2000 Ethiopia
(Selam) Alemse
afarensi
ged
s
AL 288- 3.2 Ma Australo 1974 Ethiopia Tom National
1 (Lucy) pithecu Gray, Museum
s Donald of
afarensi Johanso Ethiopia
s n, Yves
 Coppen
s and
Maurice
Taieb
Donald
Australo Johanso
pithecu n Yves
AL 200- 3 - 3.2
s 1975 Ethiopia Coppen
1 Ma
afarensi s and
s Maurice
Taieb
Australo
pithecu Donald
AL 129- 3 - 3.2
s 1973 Ethiopia Johanso
1 Ma
afarensi n
s
Australo
pithecu
AL 444-
3 Ma s 1992 Ethiopia Yoel Rak
2[16]
afarensi
s
Chalach
LD 350- 2.75 -
[17]
Homo ? 2013 Ethiopia ew
1[18] 2.8 Ma
Seyoum

Pleistocene
Lower Paleolithic: 2.58 million - 300,000

Date Discov Now

Specie Countr
Name Age discove ered located
s y
red by at
Australo
Taung 1 pithecu
South Raymon
(Taung 2.5 Ma s 1924
Africa d Dart
Child) africanu
s
KNM WT
Paranth
17000
ropus Alan
(The 2.5 Ma 1985 Kenya
aethiopi Walker
Black
cus
Skull)
BOU-VP- Australo Yohanne
12/130[1 2.5 Ma pithecu 1997 Ethiopia s Haile-
9]
s garhi Selassie
Uraha 2.3-2.5 Homo 1991 Malawi Tyson
501 Ma rudolfen Msiska,
 Timothy
Bromag
Uraha
e,
Jawbone sis
[20]
Friedem
ann
Schrenk
Australo
pithecu
STS 2.04- South Robert
s 1947
14[21] 2.58 Ma Africa Broom
africanu
s
Robert
Australo
Broom
pithecu
STS 2.04 - South and
s 1947
71[22] 2.58 Ma Africa John T.
africanu
Robinso
s
n
Australo
2.04 pithecu
STS South Robert
-2.58 s 1947
52[23] Africa Broom
Ma africanu
s
Australo
STS 5 pithecu
South Robert
(Mrs. 2.04Ma s 1947
Africa Broom
Ples) africanu
s
Paranth
Gert
TM ropus South
2 Ma 1938 Terblanc
1517 [24]
robustu Africa
he
s
MH1 1.977- Australo
South Lee R.
(Karabo 1.98 pithecu 2008
Africa Berger
)[25][26] Ma[27] s sediba
KNM ER Homo Kamoya
1.9 Ma 1973 Kenya
1813 habilis Kimeu
Homo Bernard
KNM ER
1.9 Ma rudolfen 1972 Kenya Ngeneo[
1470
sis 28]

OH 24
Homo Tanzani Peter
(Twiggy) 1.8 Ma 1968
[29]
habilis a Nzube
Homo Tanzani
OH 8[30] 1.8 Ma 1960
habilis a
OH 5 1.8 Ma Paranth 1959 Tanzani Mary
(Zinj or ropus a Leakey
nutcrac boisei
ker
man)
David
Lordkip
D2700
anidze
(Dmanis Homo
1.8 Ma 2001 Georgia and
i Skull erectus
Abesalo
3)
m
Vekua
D3444
David
(Dmanis Homo
1.8 Ma 2003 Georgia Lordkip
i Skull erectus
anidze
4)
D4500 2005
David
(Dmanis Homo (publish
1.8 Ma Georgia Lordkip
i Skull erectus ed in
anidze
5) 2013)
1.78 Homo Koobi Meave
KNM-ER
-1.9 rudolfen 2012 Fora, Leakey'
62000[31]
Mya sis Kenya s team
KNM-ER
62003
1.78 Homo Koobi Meave
(mandib
-1.9 rudolfen 2012 Fora, Leakey'
ular
Mya sis Kenya s team
fragmen
t)[31]
KNM-ER
1.78 Homo Koobi Meave
60000
-1.9 rudolfen 2012 Fora, Leakey'
(mandib
Mya sis Kenya s team
le)[31]
Jonatha
Homo Tanzani
OH 7 1.75 Ma 1960 n
habilis a
Leakey
Homo
ergaste
KNM ER Bernard
1.75 Ma r[32] (aka 1975 Kenya
3733 Ngeneo
Homo
erectus)
KNM ER Homo Paul
1.74 Ma 1973/4 Kenya
1805 habilis Abell
1.7 Ma /
0.5-0.6
Yuanmo Homo Fang
Ma 1965 China
u Man erectus Qian
(dispute
d)[33]
Paranth
KNM ER Richard
1.7 Ma ropus 1969 Kenya
406 Leakey
boisei
 Paranth
KNM ER Richard
1.7 Ma ropus 1970 Kenya
732[34] Leakey
boisei
Paranth Koobi
KNM ER Benson
1.7 Ma ropus 1990 Fora,
23000[35] Kyongo
boisei Kenya
National
Museum
KNM WT Paranth
Not Not s of
17400[36] 1.7 Ma ropus Kenya
know[38] know[38] Kenya,
[37]
boisei
Nairobi
(Kenia)
Homo
KNM WT
ergaste Kenya
15000 Kamoya
1.6 Ma r (aka 1984 Kenya National
(Turkan Kimeu
Homo Museum
a Boy)
erectus)
Homo
1.5 -2 South A. R.
[39]
StW 53 gauteng 1976
Ma Africa Hughes
ensis
SK 1.5 - 2 Homo South
1949
847[40] Ma habilis Africa
Paranth
DNH 7
1.5 - 2 ropus South Andr
(Eurydic 1994
Ma robustu Africa Keyser
e)[41]
s
Paranth
1.5 - 1.8 ropus South Robert
SK 46[42] 1949
Ma robustu Africa Broom
s
Peninj Paranth
Tanzani Richard
Mandibl 1.5 Ma ropus 1964
a Leakey
e boisei
OH 9
(Chellea Homo Tanzani Louis
1.5 Ma 1960
n Man) erectus a Leakey
[43]

Homo
ergaste
KNM ER Richard
1.5 Ma r (aka 1971 Kenya
992 Leakey
Homo
erectus)
Mojoker Andojo,
to 1 G.H.R.
1.43 - Homo Indonesi
(Mojoke 1936 von
1.49 Ma erectus a
rto Koenigs
child) wald
KNM ER 1.4 - 1.6 Homo Richard
1976 Kenya
3883 Ma erectus Leakey
Paranth
KGA 10- A.
1.4 Ma ropus 1993 Ethiopia
525[44][45] Amzaye
boisei
Museo
de la
Atapuer
Eudald Evoluci
ca Homo
1.2 Ma 2008 Spain Carbone n
Jawbone sp.
[46]
ll Humana
, Burgos
(Spain)
Homo
1.1 Ma M. Cihat
Kocabas [47] erectus 2002 Turkey
[48]
Aliek
Homo Henry
Daka 1.0 Ma 1997 Ethiopia
erectus Gilbert
G.H.R.
Sangira Homo Indonesi von
1 Ma 1939
n4 erectus a Koenigs
wald
ATD6-15 Museo
and de la
ATD6-69 Bermd Evoluci
Nio de 780k - Homo
1994 Spain ez & n
la Gran 858k erectus
Arsuaga Humana
Dolina3 , Burgos
42 (Spain)
G.H.R.
Sangira 0.7 - 1.6 Homo Indonesi von
1937
n2 Ma erectus a Koenigs
wald
Trinil 2
Pitheca
nthropu
0.7 -1 Homo Indonesi Eugne
s-1 1891
Ma erectus a Dubois
or
Java
Man[49]
C.
Ternifine
Arambo
2-3 now Homo
700k 1954 Algeria urg & B.
Tighenn erectus
Hoffstet
if[50]
ter
Sangira Homo Indonesi S.
700k 1969
n 17[51] erectus a Sartono
Peking 680k - Homo 1921 China Davidso Lost/stol
 Man 780k erectus n Black en
Homo
heidelb National
Madam 600k - ergensi Ernesto Museum
1997 Eritrea
Buya[52] 1.4 Ma s or Abbate of
Homo Eritrea
erectus
Homo
heidelb
ergensi A.
Bodo[53] 600k 1976 Ethiopia
s or Asfaw
Homo
erectus
Mauer 1 Homo
Daniel
(Heidelb heidelb German
500k 1907 Hartma
erg ergensi y
nn
Man) s
Homo
Saldanh South
500k rhodesi 1953
a man[54] Africa
ensis
Homo
Boxgrov 478k - heidelb
1994 UK
e Man 524k ergensi
s
Arago
Henry
21 Homo
450k 1971 France de
(Tautav erectus
Lumley
el Man)
Hexian[56 400k - Homo
[55]
1980 China
]
500k erectus
Homo
ceprane
nsis?
Homo
Argil
400 - anteces Ceprano Italo
Ceprano 1994
500k sor? , Italia Biddittu
Man
Homo
heidelb
ergensi
s?
Museo
Bermd
de la
Homo ez,
Skull 5 Evoluci
heidelb Arsuaga
(Miguel 400k 1992 Spain n
ergensi &
n) Humana
s Carbone
, Burgos
ll
(Spain)
Swansc 400k Homo 1935 UK Alvan T
 heidelb
ombe
ergensi Marston
Man
s
Homo A
Sal[57][58]
[59]
400k rhodesi 1971 Morocco quarry
ensis worker
Homo
Tanzani A.A.
Ndutu[60] 350k rhodesi 1973
a Mturi
ensis
Homo
Steinhei heidelb German
350k 1933
m Skull ergensi y
s
Homo Mrton
Samu 350k 1964 Hungary
erectus Pcsi

Middle Paleolithic: 300,000 - 50,000 years old

Year Discov Now

Specie Countr
Name Age discove ered located
s y
red by at
Homo
Petralon 250k - heidelb
1960 Greece
a 1[61] 500k ergensi
s
Homo
Francis
Galilee 300k- heidelb
1925 Israel Turville-
Man 200k ergensi
Petre
s
Homo
Saccopa neander Mario
250k[62] 1929 Italy
store 1 thalensi Grazioli
s
C. ter
Haar
and G.
Ngando Homo Indonesi
250k 1931 H. R.
ng 7 erectus a
von
Koenigs
wald
Bontne Homo
wydd neander
230k 1981 UK
(Pontyn thalensi
ewydd) s
[63]
Dali 209k Homo 1978 China Shuntan
23k erectus g Liu
(dispute or
 Homo
d)[64][65]
sapiens
Broken
Hill 1
(Kabwe Homo Tom
200k -
Cranium rhodesi 1921 Zambia Zwiglaa
300k
or ensis r
Rhodesi
an Man)
Homo Richard
[66]
Omo 1 190k 1967 Ethiopia
sapiens Leakey
Homo Richard
[67]
Omo 2 190k Ethiopia
sapiens Leakey
National
Homo
Museum
Penghu 190k tsaicha
Taiwan of
1 10k[68][69] ngensis[
70]
Natural
Science
Herto
Homo Tim
remains[ 160k 1997 Ethiopia
71]
sapiens White
Jebel
Homo
Irhoud 160k 1991 Morocco
sapiens
1[72]
Jebel Homo
160k 1991 Morocco
Irhoud 2 sapiens
Jebel Homo
[73]
160k 1991 Morocco
Irhoud 3 sapiens
Jebel Homo
160k 1991 Morocco
Irhoud 4 sapiens
Homo
Altamur 130- neander
[74][75]
1993 Italy in situ
a Man 172k[76] thalensi
s
Homo
Tabun neander Arthur
120k 1967 Israel
C1[77] thalensi Jelinek
s
Draguti
Homo n
Krapina[ 100k - neander Gorjano
1899 Croatia
78]
127k [79] thalensi vi-
s Krambe
rger
Denisov 110k[80] Homo
2015 Russia
an tooth [81] sp. Altai
Qafzeh 90k - Homo 1930 Israel R.
 Neuville
6[82] 100k[79] sapiens M
Stekelis
T.
Homo McCown
Qafzeh 90k -
sapiens[ 1933 Israel and H.
9 100k[79] 83]
Moivus,
Jr.
Homo
80k - neander
Scladina Belgium
127k [79]
thalensi
s
T.
McCown
80k - Homo
Skhul 5 1933 Israel and H.
120k sapiens
Moivus,
Jr.
80k - Homo
Skhul 9 Israel
120k sapiens
Ray
Inskeep,
Robin
Klasies
75k - Homo South Singer,
[84]
River 1960
125k sapiens Africa John
Caves
Wymer,
Hilary
Deacon
Homo
Obi-
neander Uzbekis
Rakhma 75k [79]
2003
thalensi tan
t 1[85]
s
Homo
Teshik- A.
neander Uzbekis
Tash 70k 1938 Okladni
thalensi tan
Skull[86] kov
s
Homo R.
La
neander Capitan
Ferrassi 70k 1909 France
thalensi and D.
e1
s Peyrony
Homo
Shanida 60k - neander Ralph
1961 Iraq
r1 80k thalensi Solecki
s
A. and J.
La Homo
Bouysso
Chapell neander
60k 1908 France nie and
e-aux- thalensi
L.
Saints 1 s
Bardon
 Kebara Homo
Lynne
2 neander
60k 1983 Israel Schepar
(Moshe) thalensi
tz
[87]
s
Homo
50k - neander
[88]
Amud 7 Israel
60k thalensi
s

Upper Paleolithic: 50,000 - 10,000 years old

Date Discov Now

Specie Countr
Name Age discove ered Locate
s y
red by d at
Homo
Sidrn neander
49k 1994 Spain
Cave thalensi
s
La Homo
Quina 45k - neander
France
5[citation 60k[79] thalensi
needed]
s
La Homo
Quina 45k - neander
France
18[citation 60k[79] thalensi
needed]
s
Tam Pa
46k - Homo
Ling 2009 Laos
63k [89][90]
sapiens
Cave[89]
Kents 41k - Homo
1927 UK
Cavern 45k sapiens
Homo
Amud neander Hisashi
41k [92]
1961 Israel
1[91] thalensi Suzuki
s
Mungo 40k - Homo Australi
1974
Man 60k sapiens a
Homo Australi
WLH-50 1982
sapiens a
Homo
Mt.
40k - neander Prof.
Circeo 1939 Italy
60k thalensi Blanc
1[93]
s
Homo
Johann
Neander neander German
40k 1856 Carl
thal 1[94] thalensi y
Fuhlrott
s
Denisov
Johanne
a
Homo s
hominin 40k 2008 Russia
sp. Altai Krause,
(X-
et al.
Woman)
Homo
sp. Altai
(possibl
hominin e
finger 40k Neander 2011 Russia
bone thal-
Denisov
an
hybrid)
Petera
Homo Romani
cu 37.8k 2002
sapiens a
Oase [95]

Balango Homo Sri

37k 2012
da man sapiens Lanka
Hofmey Homo South
36k 1952
r Skull sapiens Africa
Red William
Homo
Lady of 33k 1823 UK Bucklan
sapiens
Paviland d
Yamashi
Homo
ta-Cho 32k 1962 Japan
sapiens
Man
Homo Philippe
30k-50k neander -Charles
Engis 2 [79][96] 1829 Belgium
thalensi Schmerl
s ing
Homo
Captain
Gibralta 30k-50k neander Gibralta
1848 Edmund
r1 [79]
thalensi r
Flint
s
Homo
Le
neander
Moustie 30k-50k 1909 France
thalensi
r
s
Denisov 30k - Homo
2000 Russia
an tooth 50k sp. Altai
Cro-
Homo Louis
Magnon 30k 1868 France
sapiens Lartet
1
NG 6 27k - Homo 1931 Indonesi C. ter
53k erectus a Haar
and
 GHR
von
Koenigs
wald
Predmo Homo Czech K.J.
26k 1894
st 3[97] sapiens Republic Maska
Homo
neander
Lapedo thalensi Joo
[98]
24.5k 1998 Portugal
Child s or Zilho
Homo
sapiens
Eel Homo
[98]
24k 1997 UK
Point sapiens
Homo
LB 1 Indonesi Peter
18k floresie 2003
(Hobbit) a Brown
nsis
Anthrop
ology
Minatog 16k - Homo Museum
[99]
1970 Japan
awa 1 18k sapiens , Tokyo
Universi
ty
Duncan
Tandou[1 Homo Australi
17k 1967 Merrilee
00][101]
sapiens a
s
Gough's
Homo
Cave[102] 14.7k 2010 UK
[103]
sapiens
Iwo
Homo
Eleru 13k[104] 1965 Nigeria
sapiens
Skull
Arlingto
n Homo United
13k[105] 1959 Phil Orr
Springs sapiens States
Man
Chancel 17- Homo
1888 France
ade find 12k[106]sapiens
Uncertai
Red n,
14.5k - Darren
Deer possibly 1979 China
11.5k Curnoe?
Cave Homo
sapiens
Annette
Homo Laming-
Luzia 11.5k[107] 1975 Brazil
sapiens Emperai
re
 Cerro
Homo Junius
[108]
Sota 11k 1936 Chile
sapiens Bird
2[109]
B.D. van
Wadjak 10k - Homo Indonesi
1888 Rietsch
1[110] 12k sapiens a
oten
Talgai Homo Australi William Sydney
11k - 9k 1886
Skull[111] sapiens a Naish Museum

Holocene
Mesolithic / Neolithic: 10,000 - 5000 years old

Year Discov Now

Specie Countr
Name Age discove ered located
s y
red by at
Homo
La Brea United
~ 10k sapiens 1914
Woman States
sapiens
Homo
Combe O.
9.6 k[112] sapiens 1909 France
Capelle Hauser
sapiens
Homo
Cheddar
9k sapiens 1903 UK
Man
sapiens
Kow Homo
Australi A.G.
Swamp 9k - 13k sapiens 1968
a Thorne
1 sapiens
Afalou Homo C.
13[citation 8k - 12k sapiens 1920 Algeria Arambo
needed]
sapiens urg
G.
Wadi
Armelag
Halfa Homo
os, E.
(Site 8k - 15k sapiens 1963 Sudan
Ewing,
6B36) sapiens
[citation needed]
D.
Greene
Wadi
Homo
Kubbani Fred
8k - 20k sapiens 1982 Egypt
ya[citation Wendorf
needed]
sapiens
Albert
Minneso Jenks,
Minneso Homo
ta, via
ta 7.8 - 8k sapiens 1931
United constru
Woman sapiens
States ction
crew
 H.
Homo
Lo 4b[113] 1965- Robbins
6k - 9k sapiens Kenya
[114]
1975 B.M.
sapiens
Lynch
Homo
Tepexpa H. de
5k - 11k sapiens 1947 Mexico
n man Terra
sapiens
Del Mar Homo
4.9k - United M.J.
skull [citatio
sapiens 1929
11.8 States Rogers
n needed]
sapiens
Helmut
Homo tztal Simon
tzi 5.3k sapiens 1991 Alps, and
sapiens Italy Erika
Simon

Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name

AL Afar Locality, Ethiopia
ARA-VP Aramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
BAR (Lukeino, Tugen Hills) Baringo District, Kenya
BOU-VP Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
D Dmanisi, Georgia
ER East (Lake) Rudolf, Kenya
KGA Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia
KNM Kenya National Museum
KP Kanapoi, Kenya
LB Liang Bua, Indonesia
LH Laetoli Hominid, Tanzania
MH Malapa Hominin, South Africa
NG Ngandong, Indonesia
OH Olduvai Hominid, Tanzania
SK Swartkrans, South Africa
Sts, Stw Sterkfontein, South Africa
TM Transvaal Museum, South Africa
TM Toros-Menalla, Chad
WT West (Lake) Turkana, Kenya

Timelines
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-1000

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water
Single-celled
life
photosynthesis
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
life

Land life
Dinosaurs
Mammals
Flowers

Earliest Earth (4540)

Earliest water

Earliest life

LHB meteorites

Earliest oxygen

Atmospheric oxygen

Oxygen crisis

Earliest sexual reproduction

Ediacara biota

Cambrian explosion

Earliest humans
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Axis scale: millions of years.

Orange labels: known ice ages.
Also see: Human timeline and Nature timeline
Human timeline
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Human-like
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Nakalipithecus
Ouranopithecus
Sahelanthropus
Orrorin
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
 Homo habilis
Homo erectus

Neanderthal
Homo sapiens

Earlier apes

Possibly bipedal

Earliest bipedal

Earliest stone tools

Earliest exit
from Africa

Earliest fire use

Earliest cooking

Earliest clothes

Modern humans

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 Axis scale: millions of years.
Also see: Life timeline and Nature timeline

See also
Dawn of Humanity (2015 PBS film)
Human evolution
List of countries and islands by first human settlement
List of fossil primates
List of fossil sites
List of notable fossils
List of transitional fossils
Most recent common ancestor
Nature timeline
Paleoanthropology
Timeline of human evolution
Further reading
Gibbons, Ann. The First Human: The Race to Discover our Earliest
Ancestor. Anchor Books (2007). ISBN 978-1-4000-7696-3
Hartwig, Walter (ed.). The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University
Press (2002). Reprinted 2004. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2.
Johanson, Donald & Wong, Kate. Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human
Origins. Three Rivers Press (2009). ISBN 978-0-307-39640-2
Jones, Steve; Martin, Robert D.; Pilbeam, David R (Editors). (1994). The
Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human evolution. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 978-0-521-46786-5 (Note: this book contains very
useful, information dense chapters on primate evolution in general,
and human evolution in particular, including fossil history).
Leakey, Richard & Lewin, Roger. Origins Reconsidered: In Search of
What Makes us Human. Little, Brown and Company (1992). ISBN 0-
316-90298-5
Lewin, Roger. Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for
Human Origins. Penguin Books (1987). ISBN 0-14-022638-9
Morwood, Mike & van Oosterzee, Penny. A New Human: The Startling
Discovery and Strange Story of the 'Hobbits' of Flores, Indonesia.
Smithsonian Books (2007). ISBN 978-0-06-089908-0
Oppenheimer, Stephen. Out of Eden: The Peopling of the World.
Constable (2003). ISBN 1-84119-697-5
Roberts, Alice. The Incredible Human Journey: The Story of how we
Colonised the Planet. Bloomsbury (2009). ISBN 978-0-7475-9839-8
Shreeve, James. The Neanderthal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of
Modern Human Origins. Viking (1996). ISBN 0-670-86638-5
Stringer, Chris. The Origin of Our Species. Allen Lane (2011). ISBN 978-
 1-84614-140-9
Stringer, Chris & Andrews, Peter. The Complete World of Human
Evolution. Thames & Hudson (2005). ISBN 0-500-05132-1
Stringer, Chris & McKie, Robin. African Exodus: The Origins of Modern
Humanity. Jonathan Cape (1996). ISBN 0-224-03771-4
van Oosterzee, Penny. The Story of Peking Man. Allen & Unwin (1999).
ISBN 1-86508-632-0
Walker, Allan & Shipman, Pat. The Wisdom of the Bones: In Search of
Human Origins. Weidenfeld and Nicholson (1996). ISBN 0-297-
81670-5
Wade, Nicholas. Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of our
Ancestors. Penguin Press (2006). ISBN 978-0-7156-3658-9
Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E. (1985). "'Human Biology and Behaviour: An
anthropological perspective" (4th ed.). Boston: Little Brown.
ISBN 978-0-673-39013-4 (Note: this book contains very accessible
descriptions of human and non-human primates, their evolution,
and fossil history).
Wells, Spencer (2004). The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey. New
York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8129-7146-
0.
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External links
Interactive map of primate fossil finds around the world
Informative lecture on Australopithecines
The Age of Homo sapiens Interactive Map of Human Evolution Fossils
Human Timeline (Interactive) Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural
History (August 2016).
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