ES1 PLATE NO.

Perpendicular Lines and Planes

Perpendicular lines are lines which have a 90-

degree relationship to each other.

Lines need NOT be intersecting to be

perpendicular.

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

B
2
Perpendicular lines appear perpendicular
in a view in which ONE or BOTH of the
lines are normal (true length).
A
1 In this certain example, you do not need
HRP
FRP an additional RP to conclude that the two
lines are perpendicular because you know
1 that line AB is in TL @ TV.

A B Note that the TL should be shown on the

same view where the 90-degree
2 relationship is measured.

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes
2

A Lines that appear perpendicular but

B neither line is in its TL, the lines are NOT
perpendicular.
1
HRP
FRP

1
A In this certain example, you do not need
an additional RP to conclude that the two
lines are NOT perpendicular because you
know that neither of the lines is in TL @
2
FV.

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes
2

A This is how it looks like when one of

B the lines is in TL. THIS ADDITIONAL
RP IS NOT NECESSARY!!!
1
HRP
FRP

1
A

B
2

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

B
Another way of proving lines are
TL perpendicular to each other: Show 1 line
in PV and the other in TL at the same
A view
12
PV
HRP
FRP

A B

2 TL

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

Summary:
Lines are Perpendicular when you can show in
the at least 1 view that:
a) Both lines are in TL, and form 90 with each
other
b) 1 of the lines is in TL, and form 90 with each
other
c) 1 line is in TL while the other is in PV

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

A line is perpendicular to a plane if it can

2 be shown that the line is perpendicular to
at least two non-parallel lines in the
C B
plane.

TL REMINDER:
A Lines need NOT be intersecting to be
1
HRP perpendicular.
FRP B
A
TL 2
12 is perpendicular to AB at TV.
12 is perpendicular to BC at FV.
AB and BC are non-parallel lines.
C
1

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

Do not limit yourself with the sides of

2 your plane.
C
B
This example may appear to be more
difficult because of the absence of TLs.
1
A REMINDER:
HRP You can use ANY lines in your plane.
FRP B

A 2

1
SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0
ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

Lines parallel to the RP are drawn from B

2 and from C. This way, we can construct TL
C
on the other views.
x B

1
A
HRP
FRP B

A 2
y

1
SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0
ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

These lines will be at TL on the opposite

2 view and can be used to prove whether
C
y the line and the plane are perpendicular
x B
to each other. In this particular example,
TL plane ABC is perpendicular to line 12.
1
A
HRP
FRP B

A TL 2
y
x
C

1
SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0
ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

A plane is perpendicular to another

plane if:
2
C 3
B
it can be shown that one line in one of
TL the planes is perpendicular to, at least,
A two NON-parallel lines in the other
1 plane.
HRP
FRP 2
A B
12 is perpendicular to AB at TV.
TL
3 12 is perpendicular to BC at FV.
1 AB and BC are non-parallel lines.
C

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

A plane is perpendicular to another

C plane if:
2
x 3
B
again, do not limit yourself with the
TL sides of the planes. You may use other
A lines in your plane.
1
HRP
FRP 12 is perpendicular to AB at TV.
A 2
TL
B 12 is perpendicular to xB at FV.
3 AB and xB are non-parallel lines.
x
C
1

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

A plane is perpendicular to another

plane if:

C 23

EV
A TS
B C
1
HRP
FRP 3 EV
B
1 A
TL
1
A 2 one of the planes automatically shows
B its EV when the other plane is in TS.
C

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0

ES1 PLATE NO. Perpendicular Lines and Planes

A plane is perpendicular to another

plane if it can be shown to be
perpendicular to each other in a view
C 23
wherein both planes are in EV.

A LE 2 pa B
1
EV

HRP
FRP
ituturo! 3

TL
1
A 2
B
C

SECTION: THWX NAME: JUAN FIDEL B. CALAYWAN GRADE: 10.0