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PHE Manual PDF
PHE Manual PDF
PHE Manual PDF
M3-M20
Type of instruction manuals Index page 2
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Plate heat exchanger
Types M3M20
Table of contents
Chapter Page
Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
To the owner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1 The data plate and the identification of the apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Packing list, unpacking and lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Lifting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Raising of PHE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Shut off valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Connections on the pressure plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5 Starting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unit in operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
31
Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The risks of not complying with the startup and
shutdown procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Chapter Page
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7 Chlorine as growth inhibitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
46
Regasketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Regasketing of Clipon gaskets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Fault detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8 Leakage between plate pack and frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leakage between flange and frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53
54
Leakage between plates to the outside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Mixing of media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Pressure drop problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Heat transfer problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Supplementary parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
9 Instrument ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
The partition plate for special cases only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
10 Identification and ordering of spare parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
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! Warning!
CAUTION!
To the owner 1
Dear owner,
This Instruction Manual is your instant guide, owners failure to follow the instructions of this
when dealing with your Alfa Laval Plate Heat manual.
Exchanger in various situations. Alfa Laval ad-
vises you to study it carefully, and above all If you nevertheless should have a problem
to ensure its availability to those who install, with your Alfa Laval Plate Heat Exchanger
maintain and operate the apparatus on a daily which is beyond the scope of this manual, do
basis. This manual will be of no value to you if not hesitate to turn to your Alfa Laval repre-
it is not available at a time when your person- sentative. We can help you, wherever you are
nel needs it. in the world.
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A data plate is fixed to the apparatus and gives the following information
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2 The data plate and the identification of the apparatus
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General 3
Storage
In this section, names of heat exchanger parts
are mentioned for the first time. For your infor-
mation, see the first paragraph of Section 4.
NOTE!
There should absolutely not be any ozone
producing equipment in the room, like elec-
tric motors or arcwelding equipment, since
ozone destroys many rubber materials
(cracking).
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3 General
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General 3
Packing list, unpacking and lifting
Lifting
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General 3
Lifting
PHETypes M3, M6, M10, M15, A15, AK20, AM20, M20 and A20
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3 General
Raising of PHE
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General 3
Place strops round one bolt on each side.
5
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3 General
Foundations
All information necessary for the preparation of
the foundation appears from the data sheet
provided by Alfa Laval.
Installation
Before connecting any piping to the heat ex-
changer, make sure that all foreign objects
have been rinsed out of the system!
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General 3
NOTE!
The measurements given in the picture are
recommended by Alfa Laval, to provide rea-
sonably good working conditions, during in-
stallation of the heat exchanger as well as for
future maintenance and service. If floor
space is restricted then the dimensions sug-
gested can be reduced, and it is left to the
purchaser to decide just how much access
space can be left.
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3 General
Pipes
When connecting the pipe system to the heat
exchanger make sure that no stress or strain
is imposed, by the pipe system, on to the heat
exchanger.
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4 The main components and their functions
Marking of plates
Marking charge
Coil number
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The main components and their functions 4
Marking of plates
Plate type: M20-M
Marking charge
Coil number
Nation
Plate type
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4 The main components and their functions
Plates
Studying the pictures, you will observe that on a plate hanging vertically,
the gasket rests in a groove which includes the heat transfer area
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The main components and their functions 4
Plates
It also appears that if we turn an Aplate upside
down we will have a Bplate:
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The main components and their functions 4
Drawing
The drawing is in the inside pocket of the back cover.
It gives specific informations about the plate heat
exchanger.
14
3
4
13
2
11
15
12
1
5 6 7 8 9 10
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The main components and their functions 4
Platage specification
On the following page or pages is a listing
of the plate package, specifying for each plate
in sequence from the frame plate to the pres-
sure plate:
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4 The main components and their functions
Gaskets
The GASKET is moulded in one piece. The
material is normally an elastomer, selected to
suit the actual combination of temperature,
chemical environment and possible other con-
ditions to be considered.
Gasket types:
Glued
ClipOn
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The main components and their functions 4
Gaskets
As already demonstrated, the two media are
effectively kept apart by the ring and field gas-
kets. To prevent intermixing of the media in the
corner areas where field and ring gaskets are
very close to each other, the link pieces have a
number of slots opening the area between the
field and ring gaskets to atmosphere. Any
leakage of media across either gasket there-
fore escapes from the heat exchanger through
the slots.
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4 The main components and their functions
How it works
When a package of plates are pressed togeth- Thus the media are separated by a thin metal
er, the holes at the corners form continuous wall. In most cases the liquids flow in opposite
tunnels or manifolds, leading the media (which directions.
participate in the heat transfer process) from
the inlets into the plate package, where they During the passage through the apparatus, the
are distributed into the narrow passages warmer medium will give some of its heat en-
between the plates. ergy to the thin wall, which instantly looses it
again to the colder medium on the other side.
Because of the gasket arrangement on the
plates, and the placing of A and B plates alter- The warmer medium drops in temperature,
nately, the two liquids enter alternate pas- while the colder one is heated up.
sages, e.g. the warm liquid between odd num-
ber passages, and cold liquid between even Finally, the media are led into similar holetun-
number passages. nels at the other end of the plates and dis-
charged from the heat exchanger.
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4 The main components and their functions
Heat transfer
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The main components and their functions 4
Pressure drop
Pressure drops are wasted energy. with an increased pressure drop on any of the
media, indicates that fouling or clogging is tak-
All pipesystems and equipment included in ing place.
them offer resistance to media flowing
through them. For corrective action, study Maintenance and
Cleaning.
Some pressure drop is unavoidable, but for a
given apparatus it should be kept as close as In the unlikely event of leakage of any cause,
possible to the designed value. one of the two media will appear externally.
Should a failure occur, whether it is related to
The formation of deposits on the heat transfer the plate, gasket or seal weld, the ensuing leak
surfaces instantly leads to a reduction of the will be easily visible on the outside of the heat
free space between the plates. This means exchanger. For example:
that more energy is needed to get the desired
flow through the apparatus. 1 A hole in one of the double plates will result in ex-
ternal leakage from between the doubleplate
It is clear that the fouling of the surfaces is un- pair
desirable. 2 A gasket defect will cause an external leak, either
Larger particles and fibres may also be drawn directly from the peripheral gasket or from the
into the heat exchanger and clog it, if strainers gasket vents open to the atmosphere
or other means of protection have not been 3 A defect weld will cause external leakage to ap-
provided for. pear either from the gasket vents or from
between the plates at the site of the failure.
A reduced ability by the heat exchanger to
hold the desired temperatures, in combination
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The main components and their functions 4
The doublewall plate heat exchanger
External leakage if
weld is defect
Welded porthole
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Operation 5
Starting up
Before starting up for the first time or after
1 a long time of closedown: Make sure that
the plate pack is compressed to the right
measurement A! Check with the DataPrint,
which is located in the inside pocket of the
back cover.
A NOTE!
It is very important that the system to which
the heat exchanger is connected, is pro-
tected against sudden and extreme varia-
tions of temperature and pressure to avoid
damages.
This applies not only for the heat exchanger
but also for the pipe system itself and every
piece of equipment included in it.
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5 Operation
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Operation 5
Unit in operation
Any adjustment of the flow rates required to change of some of the temperature conditions,
maintain correct temperatures or pressure the heat load or by fouling.
drops should be made slowly, in order to pre-
vent shocks to the system. As long as the apparatus is operating to satis-
faction, it should be left without any interfer-
Problems in keeping up the performance of ence.
the heat exchanger may be caused by a
Shutdown
If the heat exchanger is going to be shut down
or if for any reason at all the pumps are to be
stopped the following procedure should be
followed:
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5 Operation
NOTE!
For this reason fastclosing valves should
not be used unless the pipes of the system
are very short.
WATER HAMMER is the name given to a In the worst case, the pressure surge caused
shortlasting pressure peak, travelling along by such a sudden stop of the motion of a fluid,
the pipe as a wave at the speed of sound, and can be several times the normal pressure of
resulting from a sudden deceleration of the mo- the system.
tion of the fluid in a closed system.
Therefore it is very important for the protection
Thus, it is usually related to the shutting down of the whole installation that startups and clo-
of a system. However, when starting up a sys- sedowns are carried out with great care.
tem with open valves and empty pipes, the fluid
may burst into some obstacle, like a finemesh
strainer, a flow meter or a heat exchanger,
causing a sudden reduction of the flow velocity
if not a complete halt , and so we may have
the conditions of a Water Hammer.
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33
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6 Opening and closing of the plate package
Opening
Drain.
5
34
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Opening and closing of the plate package 6
Opening
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6 Opening and closing of the plate package
Opening
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Opening and closing of the plate package 6
Opening (PHETypes M3, M6, M10, M15, AM20, A15BFM, M20, AK20)
1 1234 1.05 A
2 12 or 34 Opening
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6 Opening and closing of the plate package
Closing
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Opening and closing of the plate package 6
Closing
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6 Opening and closing of the plate package
Closing (PHETypes M3, M6, M10, M15, AM20, A15BFM, M20, AK20)
1 12 or 34 1.10 A
2 1234 A
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Opening and closing of the plate package 6
Closing
A NOTE!
When a pneumatic tightening device is used,
it should be set at the maximum torque ac-
cording to table at the next page. Dimension
A must, however, still be measured during
tightening.
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6 Opening and closing of the plate package
Closing
Bolt Bolt with Bolt with washers 13 Place the other bolts in position.
size bearing box
Nm Kpm
Inspect the washers.
Nm Kpm
When fully tightened, the bolts should all be
M24 450 45 equally tensioned.
M30 900 90
The difference between the plate pack
M39 1300 130 2000 200 lengths measured at adjacent bolts should
not exceed:
M48 2100 210 3300 330
2 mm when dimension A is <1000 mm
4 mm when dimension A is >1000 mm
When the bolts are tightened by hand using a If the unit does not seal fully, it can be tight-
wrench, the tightening moment is estimated. ened to give dimension A1%. The maxi-
mum tightening torque must not, however,
be exceeded.
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Opening and closing of the plate package 6
Removal and insertion of plates
Removal of plates
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6 Opening and closing of the plate package
Insertion of plates
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Maintenance 7
! Caution!
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7 Maintenance
Cleaning
Gross fouling
Seaweeds
Wood chips/fibres
Mussels
Barnacles
NOTE!
Under no circumstances should hydrochloric
acid be used with Stainless steel plates.
Water of more than 300 ppm Cl may not be
used for the preparation of cleaning solu-
tions.
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7 Maintenance
Cleaning
Nematodes
Protozoa
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7 Maintenance
Cleaning
Incrustation scaling
Calcium carbonate
Calcium sulphate
Silicates
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7 Maintenance
Cleaning
Sediment
Corrosion products
Metal oxides
Silt
Alumina
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Maintenance 7
Cleaning
Oil residues
Asphalt
Fats
NOTE!
Gaskets in natural, butyl and EPDM rubber
swell in these media.
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7 Maintenance
Regasketing
Alfa Laval has two types of glue GC11 and
GC8 for repairs and exchange of gaskets in
plates. A special glue, is recommended for vi-
ton and silicone gaskets.
GC11 GC8
Our regasketing service includes a liquid nitro- In most cases our regasketing service has pro-
gen debonding process with chemical clea- ved more economical and much faster when
ning, crack detection and regasketing using a compared with onsite regasketing methods.
special epoxy/phenolic resin adhesive.
For further details please contact your local
This regasketing process requires special Alfa Laval Representative.
oven curing of the cement to ensure the
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Maintenance 7
Regasketing
NOTE!
Before closing of the apparatus: Check that
the two gasket prongs are in correct position.
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Fault detection 8
Leakage between plate pack and frame
Action Correction
2 Check the surface of the pressure plate 2 Remove anything disturbing the joint be-
for unevenness, foreign objects sticking tween gasket and pressure plate surface.
to it, etc., that might spoil the joint be-
tween the gasket and the adjacent sur-
face.
3 Check the plate itself for cracks or holes. 3 A perforated end plate must be replaced.
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8 Fault detection
Action Correction
1 Disconnect the flange, and look for misa- 1 Rearrange the pipe in order to eliminate
lignment between flange and connection, stress and to correct align-
dislocation or damaged gasket, foreign ment.
objects on the surface of the gasket or the Relocate gasket.
flange. Replace damaged gasket.
Replace connection lining if applicable.
Remove foreign matter from flange and
gasket.
Reassemble, taking care to avoid
misalignment.
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Fault detection 8
Leakage between plates to the outside
NOTE!
On a Plate Heat Exchanger specially de-
signed for high temperature duties, extreme
and sudden temperature drops may some-
times cause a temporary leakage. A typical
example is a sudden shuttingoff of the hot
medium flow. The heat exchanger will nor-
mally seal again, as soon as the tempera-
tures of the apparatus have stabilized.
Action Correction
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8 Fault detection
Action Correction
3 Check hanger recess at both plate ends 3 Damaged hanger recesses must be re-
for deformations, which could cause mis- paired if possible, or the plate replaced. For
alignment between the plates. temporary arrangement with reduced num-
ber of plates see paragraph 2 above.
4 Make sure that the plates are hanging 4 Incorrect sequence of plates must be cor-
correctly as ABA (see SECTION 4). rected (ABAB...). MAKE SURE THAT
NO PLATE HAS BEEN DAMAGED, BE-
FORE REASSEMBLING THE PLATE
PACK!
5 Check for perforation of the plate (corro- 5 Perforated plates must be replaced. For
sion). temporary solution, see paragraph 2.
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Fault detection 8
Mixing of media
Action Correction
1 Check that the piping is connected to the 1 Relocate piping to correct connections.
heat exchanger at correct locations.
2 Open the lower connection on one side,
raise pressure on the other side and by
looking into the open connection try to de-
tect any liquid from the pressurized side
leaking in, and if so approximately how
far into the plate pack the leakage is lo-
cated.
If no leakage is detected, the reason for
the mixing of media must be sought else-
where. (See paragraph 5).
3 If a leakage was detected, note the posi-
tion of the leakage along the plate pack
and then open the plate heat exchanger.
4 Before starting on the plates themselves, 4 All deposits or material which can block the
check that the corner areas between the free exit from the area must be removed. If
ring and the field gaskets are clear, that the leak channels of the gasket have been
the leakage slots are open. This ensures destroyed, they must be reopened with a
that any leakage is out of the plate heat suitable tool, or the gasket replaced.
exchanger and is to atmosphere. There-
fore no pressure can build up to force the
media across the gasket sealing off the
other liquid.
5 If it has not been possible to locate the 5 Plates with holes are generally speaking de-
leakage as described in paragraph 2 stroyed and to be replaced. For temporary
above, it will be necessary to check each solution with reduced number of plates, see
single plate for possible perforations, us- LEAKAGE between plates to the outside.
ing any of the following methods:
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8 Fault detection
Action Correction
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Fault detection 8
Heat transfer problems
The heat transfer capacity is dropping.
Action Correction
Measure temperatures at in and outlets If the heat transfer capacity of the appara-
and also flow rates on both media, if pos- tus has dropped below specified values,
sible. At least on one of the media, both tem- the heat transfer surface, must be
peratures and the flow rate must be mea- cleaned. Either use the cleaningin
sured. place arrangement provided or open the
Check to see if the transferred amount of heat exchanger for visual inspection and
heat energy corresponds to the specifica- manual cleaning.
tions.
If great precision is important, it will be nec-
essary to use laboratory thermometers with
an accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius, and also
to use the best equipment available for flow
measurement.
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Supplementary parts 9
Instrument ring
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9 Supplementary parts
NOTE!
Protection sheets
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Spare parts 10
Identification and ordering of spare parts
As the next sheet in this manual you will find a Also, several illustrations show you what the
listing of spare parts for this type of plate heat various parts look like, and to each part
exchanger. It includes a complete listing of shown, a reference number has been as-
parts that can be used to build any size or ver- signed. These reference numbers are also
sion of it. Therefore, for some items you will represented in the second column from the left
find a number of options. As an example, car- in the spare parts listing, and in a chronolog-
rying bars are available in various lengths, but ical order.
in your apparatus only one length is used.
62