172 FOREIGN AFFAIRS

TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETITION AND INTERDEPENDENCE:

THE SEARCH FOR POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES, WEST GER-
MANY, AND JAPAN. Edited by Gunter Heiduk and Kozo Yamamura.
Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1991, 255 pp, $35.00,
In these very interesting papers a diverse group of people argue with a
mixture of agreements and differences about the state of technology in
Germany, Japan and the United States. A good bit of attention focuses on
which government policies (if any) have major effects compared to the
internationalization of science and the policies and aptitudes of enterprises.
AFTER THE REVOLUTIONS: EAST-WEST TRADE AND TECHNOL-
OGY TRANSFER IN THE 1990s, Edited by Gary K, Bertsch, Heinrich
Vogel and Jan Zielonka. Boulder (CO): Westview Press, 1991, 227 pp.
$35.00 (paper).
Although the Cold War provided the main rationale for strategic export
controls, its end will not lead to their quick removal. These good papers by
people of various nationalities are most helpful in tracing some of the
changes that have to be taken into account. Although most of the authors
are cautious in their recommendations, one of the most experienced, Philip
Hanson of the University of Birmingham, quite wisely warns that as a result
of new complexities, "if it has been difficult in the past to reach agreement,
I think that in the near future it will for a time be impossible. Still, we have
to try, , . , "
AMERICAN HEGEMONY AND WORLD OIL, By Simon Bromley,
University Park: Penn State University Press, 1991, 316 pp. $39,50.
After devoting a good deal of space to explaining why he finds most
theories of international relations inadequate to explain American hege-
mony, Bromley pulls together a large number of facts as he retells the story
of oil as a strategic commodity in modern times. He mixes good analytical
points with quite dubious ones and sometimes lapses into overcomplicated
scholarly lingo. He draws freely on a collection of^ quasi-Marxist ideas (or is
it only the vocabulary?). But the whole leads him to what seem like realistic
conclusions concerning the alteration rather than the elimination of
American power,
PETROLE: CRISES, MARCHES ET POLITIQUES, By Pierre Jacquet
and Fran^oise Nicolas. Paris: Dunod, 1991, 160 pp. Fr, 80.
Since oil is a raw material pas comme les autres, these French analysts look
at its geography and politics as well as give a fairly detailed exposition of
production, uses and markets (along with a 36-page statistical appendix).
They examine the impact of the Persian Gulf crisis up to the war and also
look forward to sketch several alternative possibilities for future arrange-
ments between producers and consumers.
INTERACTIONS IN THE WORLD ECONOMY: PERSPECTIVES
FROM INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC HISTORY. Edited by Carl-
Ludwig Holtfrerich. New York: New York University Press, 1991, 376 pp.
$15,00 (paper).
This attractive collection includes some ingenious examinations of
rather arcane subjects, a few papers that do little more than document
well-known generalizations and a few stimulating inquiries into the histor-