PREPARED BY:

Shweta Upadhyay
M.Sc. Nursing, 2014
BPKIHS, Dharan
 Introduction

According to Dewey, Education is defined
as that reconstruction and reorganization of
experience which adds to the meaning of
experience, and which increases ability to
direct the course of subsequent experience.

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 GENERAL EDUCATION

General education is the program of education that
typically developing children should receive, based on
state standards and evaluated by the annual state
educational standards test.

It is the preferred way of describing its synonym,

"regular education."

It is preferred because the term "regular" implies that

children receiving special education services are
somehow "irregular."SHWETA UPADHYAY
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 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NEPAL

Establishment of first school in 1853 A.D.

Although, this was first school, Nepali people could

not get admitted to it.

Schooling for the general people began only after

1951 when a popular movement ended the
autocratic Rana family regime and initiated a
democratic system
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 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NEPAL

In the past fifty years, there has been a dramatic
expansion of educational facilities in the
country.

Now, the Ministry of Education is the apex

body responsible for initiating and managing
educational activities in the country.

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 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NEPAL

With a purpose of bringing education

administration nearer to the people, the ministry
has established
Five Regional Directorates in in five development
regions
and
75 District Education Offices in 75 districts
respectively.

These Decentralized Offices are responsible for

overseeing non formal and school level educational
activities in their respective areas.
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 HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN NEPAL

There are 34 Educational Training Centers under
NCED (National Center for Education
Development) to support the teachers in
pedagogical areas.

In this way education sector went on improvement.

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 PRESENT EDUCATION
IN NEPAL

Education in Nepal is structured as School Education and
Higher Education.

School education includes

Primary Level Of Grades 1-5 Grades
Lower Secondary: 6-8 Grades
Secondary Levels : 9-10 Grades

Pre-primary level of education is also available in certain

areas. Six years of age is the prescribed age for admission into
grade one.
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 PRESENT EDUCATION
IN NEPAL

A national level school leaving certificate (SLC)
examination is conducted at the end of grade
ten.

Grades 11 and 12 are considered as higher

secondary level.

Higher secondary education board (HSEB)

supervises higher secondary schools which are
9/11/2016mostly under private
SHWETAmanagement.
UPADHYAY 9
 PRESENT EDUCATION
IN NEPAL

Higher education consists of bachelor, masters and
PhD levels.

Depending upon the stream and subject, bachelors

level may be of three to five years' duration.

The duration of masters level is generally of two years.

Some universities also offer programs like M Phil and

post-graduate diploma.
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PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION

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 PROFESSION

Profession can be defined as a prestigious
occupation with a high degree of identification
among the members that requires a lengths and
rigorous education in an intellectually
demanding and theoretically based course
of study; that engages in rigorous self-
regulation and control; that holds authority
over clients; and that puts service to society
above simple self-interest.
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Nursing
Education
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The current philosophies and definition of nursing
demonstrates the holistic trends in nursing
To address person in all dimension in health and
illness as an individual

Interaction with the family and community.

Addressed the responses of individuals and

families to actual and potential health problems in
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a humanistic and SHWETA
holistic manner.
UPADHYAY 14
 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION
GLOBALLY

The history of basic nursing education has roots
extending back to the early 19th Century.

It is filled with developments achieved by

influential leaders including Florence
Nightingale in England and Linda Richards in
America.

The changes in 1980 and 1960s have had a

significant impact on the development of basic
nursing education.
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 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION IN
NEPAL

Through great effort and the influence of late king Mahendra
and Juanita Fleming, R.N a missionary nurse and with the
help of WHO nurse educator Ms. DM Ross from England the
First Nursing School of Nepal was successfully opened at
Surendra Bhawan, Sanepa, Lalitpur in 1956.

Lots of assistance was provided by WHO in order to open a

nursing school in Nepal.

In 1959 another school of nursing was opened under the

united mission at Surendra Bhawan, Sanepa by Ms.
Margaret Fleming from Southern Ireland.
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 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION
IN NEPAL

ANM School was opened at Bharatpur, Biratnagar, Nepalgunj,
Tansen, Chhetrapati.

United mission to Nepal, Lalitpur Nursing campus (1972)

affiliated to TU IOM and Bir Hospital nursing campus (1989)
was established and also affiliated to TU IOM.

The Nursing Curriculum was revised in 1972 which consist of

50% theory and 50% practical.

From 1972 Onwards the period is marked as the period of

major changes in nursing curriculum. Nursing education was
then reduced from 3 and
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a half years to three years.
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 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION IN
NEPAL

In 1980 the University Semester System changed back into Annual
System.

Since 1981, Admission Requirement has been SLC with at least

second division scoring merit in science, mathematics and English.

IOM upgraded the ANM campus to PCL Nursing Campus:

Biratnagar ANM campus 1981,
Pokhara CMA campus 1985,
Birgunj CMA 1986
Nepalgunj ANM 1987.

Bir Hospital Nursing Campus was opened HMG and affiliate to TU

in 1989.
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 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION IN
NEPAL

In 1986, all Certificate Nursing Programs enrolled
10% Male Students in their program but after 4
batches of intake this policy has stopped.

Bachelor Program in Nursing was started in

Maharajgunj Nursing Campus with emphasis on
Midwifery in 1976
Adult Nursing in 1983.
Child Health Nursing 1985
Community HealthSHWETA
9/11/2016 Nursing 1987.
UPADHYAY 19
 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION IN
NEPAL

In 1988 all Bachelor Nursing Curricula were
reorganized and two tracks BN program were
initiated with specialization in community
nursing and hospital nursing.

Bachelor Program of nursing began at Lalitpur

Nursing Campus in 1997.

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 HISTORY OF NURSING EDUCATION
IN NEPAL

In 1995 BPKIHS, Dharan started four years B.Sc.
Nursing from 10+2.

In 1995, Master Level Program established in

Nursing Campus Maharjgunj

In 2008 Master in Nursing Science was started

in BPKIHS with 3 yrs Program and was reduced to
2 year programme from 2015.
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Trends in
nursing
education

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Trends in nursing means to changes currently
in any area, influencing the change in the
society, woman empowerment, improve
health status of woman.

Nursing trends in comprehensive health care

is to produce professional multipurpose
nurse can work in hospital and community in
different settings

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A major new trend in nursing education is
giving direction for nursing responsibility
including, promotive, curative, rehabilitative
aspect of health care.

Current nursing trend roles is changing,

according to education level and health need
or demand of the society.

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 ISSUES

Today there are various issues in health and
nursing world which are abstract and critical
such as different critical disease like AIDS,
cancer, hepatitis B, etc.

Womens empowerment, health status, rights

and violence are the current issue too.

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Recently some issues are assigning that affects
society, nursing and health care.

Nursing roles are considered alone with issues

related how the nurses perform their roles and
enhance the quality of care they provide to others.

Nurses want to play a full part in policy making

and decision making and administrative
management at all levels of the health care system
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also issues for others.
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 1. CURRICULUM CHANGES

Flexible curriculum designs are evolving to
facilitate diversity of educational opportunity
and overcome barriers of distance and time.

These curricula are often competency based,

focused on overcome and emphasize student
participation and responsibility for learning.

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 2. INNOVATION IN TEACHING AND
LEARNING

In nursing education, lot of innovations are
taking place in the areas of teaching and
learning.

Invariably, these innovations lead to

intellectual development, personal
development and career development.

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 3. EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE
Educational quality assurance is a process for monitoring and

evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of educational
provision and to institute remedial measure as and when
needed.
In Nepal, nursing education is flourishing in an
unprecedented manner, naturally this will lead to dilution in
the quality of nursing education in the absence of proper
quality control measures.
Motivated by this situation, accrediting bodies and nurse
educators are expressing deep concern regarding the quality
of nursing education. It is high time to prepare a quality
index of nursing institutions all over the country by
categorizing them into different grade based on the
infrastructure and faculty profile.
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 4. MORE RELIANCE ON TECHNOLOGY

Technology exerts greater influence on nursing
education as a tool for teaching and learning.
Judicious use of educational psychology in the
development and practice of educational
technology has increased its user friendly
nature considerably.

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 5. EMPHASIS ON HIGH-TECH-HIGH-TOUCH
APPROACH

High-tech-high-touch approach in nursing
care was devised to preserve the human
component of nursing care without
undermining the advantages of technological
advancements in the field of patient care.
Present day nursing education is preparing the
students to maintain the human element of
nursing while caring the patients with the help
of sophisticated gadgets.

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 6. PREPARATION OF GLOBAL NURSES

Nursing education is all set to gain benefits
created by globalization and liberalization by
way of preparing global nurses.
Many institutions are preparing students with
a global perspective through providing
learning experiences to enrich students
knowledge in English along with the
attainment of other objectives.

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 7.TRANSNATIONAL ACCEPTANCE:

Nursing educational programs in one nation is
widely accepted by other nations.
In fact, this transnational acceptance is the
main reason for the development of nursing
education in the countries like Nepal.

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 8. ENSURING A PROMISING CAREER

Unlike many other professional education
programs, nursing education ensures a
promising career either in Nepal or abroad.

9. EMERGENCE OF NEW SPECIALTIES

In par with the developments in the medical
and allied fields, nursing education is also
offering a new specialties to meet the needs of
the community.

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 10. INCREASED OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGHER
STUDIES

Different from the past many institutions are offering
programs such as pest certificate B.Sc. Nursing. M.Phil.
And Ph.D. An eligible candidate can easily pursue
higher education without much time lag.

11. DIMINISHING GOVERNMENT ROLE

Shortage of funds coupled with certain policy decisions
has prevented the government from investing further
in the field of nursing education. Now, the private
sector is playing a dominant role for the development
of nursing education.
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 12. UNIFORMITY AND STANDARDIZATION

Various universities and nursing boards are conducting

nursing programs in a different manner.
Even though efforts are on the way to bring about the
match needed uniformity and standardization, nothing
significant has been achieved so far.
13. COPING WITH THE IMPACT OF
GLOBALIZATION
As a result of the impact of globalization, the status of
nursing shifted from that of a caring profession during
their student period.
Majority consider nursing education only as a means for
securing a rewarding career. Nursing education sector is
trying hard to cope with the worrisome impact of
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globalization. SHWETA UPADHYAY 36
 14. ENHANCED STUDENT STATUS

In the past, students joining for nursing
educational programs were viewed as student
nurses rather than nursing students. Increased
career opportunities offered by the nursing as
well as the tremendous increase in the number
of nursing institutions prompted society and
other health care professions to consider
nursing students as nursing students.

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 CONCLUSION

In Summary: To develop nursing competencies, knowledge,
understanding skill and attitudes are essential factors.
Underutilization of clinical facilities in government colleges /
schools, in adequate library facilities, poor transport facilities, less
stipend for nursing students, poor supply of AV aids, less
promotional opportunities for teachers of both schools and
colleges, very few M. Sc. Courses is available, few Ph. D. Courses
in nursing colleges, and in private institutions: there is lack of
qualified teachers, hired building, most institutes has not own
hospital for clinical practice, very expensive, in adequate hostel
facilities for students and poor provision of library are the major
issues in the current time.
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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sankaranarayanan B., Sindhu B., Learning and Teaching

Nursing, New Delhi Jaypee publishers, 4th edition, 2012.
Pg. No. 19-16
Singh Indira, Essentials of Education, A Textbook for
Nurses and other Health Professionals, Kathmandu, Hisi
offset Printers, 2008.Pg no. 1-34
Neeraja KP. Textbook of Nursing Education. New Delhi,
Jaypee Publishers, 2003. Pg. No.351-63
Loughery Grace L., Issues and Trends in Nursing, St.
Louis, Mosby Imprint, 1991. Pg. No. 219-42.
Moloney Margaret m. Professionalization of Nursing,
Current Issues and Trends,
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New York, J.B. Lippincott
SHWETA UPADHYAY 39
company, 2nd Edition, 1992.
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