TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 7447-4-43:2010
ISO 60364-4-43:2008
H THNG LP T IN H P - PHN 4-43: BO V AN TON - BO V CHNG QU
DNG
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-43: Protection for safety - Protection against
overcurrent
Li ni u
TCVN 7447-4-43:2010 thay th TCVN 7447-4-43:2004;
TCVN 7447-4-43:2010 hon ton tng ng vi IEC 60364-4-43:2008;
TCVN 7447-4-43:2010 do Ban k thut tiu chun quc gia TCVN/TC/E1 My in v kh c in
bin son, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng
b.
Li gii thiu
B tiu chun TCVN 7447 (IEC 60364) hin c cc phn sau:
TCVN 7447-1:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 1: Nguyn tc c bn, nh gi cc c
tnh chung, nh ngha
TCVN 7447-4-41:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-41: Bo v an ton - Bo v chng
in git
TCVN 7447-4-42:2005, H thng lp t in trong cc ta nh - Phn 4-42: Bo v an ton -
Bo v chng cc nh hng ca nhit
TCVN 7447-4-43:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-43: Bo v an ton - Bo v chng
qu dng
TCVN 7447-4-44:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-44: Bo v an ton - Bo v chng
nhiu in p v nhiu in t
TCVN 7447-5-51:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-51: La chn v lp t thit b in
- Nguyn tc chung
TCVN 7447-5-52:2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-52: La chn v lp t thit b in
- H thng i dy
TCVN 7447-5-53:2005, H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-53: La chn v lp t
thit b in - Cch ly, ng ct v iu khin
TCVN 7447-5-54:2005, H thng lp t in ca cc ta nh - Phn 5-54: La chn v lp t
thit b in - B tr ni t, dy bo v v dy lin kt bo v
TCVN 7447-5-55-2010, H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-55: La chn v lp t thit b
in - Cc thit b khc
TCVN 7447-7-710:2006, H thng lp t in cho cc ta nh - Phn 7-710: Yu cu i vi h
thng lp t c bit hoc khu vc c bit - Khu vc y t
Ngoi ra b tiu chun quc t IEC 60364 cn c cc tiu chun sau:
IEC 60364-5-56, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 5-56: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment - Safety services
IEC 60364-6, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 6: Verification
IEC 60364-7-701, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-701: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Locations containing a bath or shower
IEC 60364-7-702, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-702: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Swimming pools and fountains
IEC 60364-7-703, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-703: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Rooms and cabins containing sauna heaters
IEC 60364-7-704, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-704: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Constructions and demolition site installations
IEC 60364-7-705, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-705: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Agricultural and horticultural premises
IEC 60364-7-706, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-706: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Conducting locations with restricted movement
IEC 60364-7-708, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-708: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Caravan parks, camping parks and similar locations
IEC 60364-7-709, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-709: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Marinas and similar locations
IEC 60364-7-711, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-711: Requirements for special
installations of locations - Exhibitions, hows and stands
IEC 60364-7-712, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-712: Requirements for special
installations of locations - Solar photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
IEC 60364-7-713, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7: Requirements for special
installations and locations - Section 713: Furniture
IEC 60364-7-714, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7: Requirements for special
installation or locations - Section 714: External lighting installations
IEC 60364-7-715, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-715: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Extra-low voltage lighting installations
IEC 60364-7-717, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-717: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Mobile or transportable units
IEC 60364-7-721, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-721: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Electrical installations in caravans and motor caravans
IEC 60364-7-729, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-729: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Operating or maintenance gangways
IEC 60364-7-740, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 7-740: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Temporary electrical installations for structures, amusement devices
and booths at fairgrounds, amusement parks and circuses
IEC 60364-7-753, Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 7-753: Requirements for special
installations or locations - Floor and ceiling heating systems

H THNG LP T IN H P - PHN 4-43: BO V AN TON - BO V CHNG QU

DNG
Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 4-43: Protection for safety - Protection against
overcurrent
43. Bo v chng qu dng
430.1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny a ra cc yu cu bo v dy dn mang in khi b nh hng ca qu
dng.
Tiu chun ny qui nh cch bo v cc dy dn mang in bng mt hoc nhiu thit b dng
t ng ct in ngun khi qu ti (iu 433) v ngn mch (iu 434) ngoi tr cc trng
hp qu dng c hn ch theo iu 436 hoc tha mn cc iu kin nu trong 433.3 (b qua
thit b bo v qu ti) hoc 434.3 (b qua thit b bo v ngn mch). Ngoi ra, tiu chun ny
cng cp n phi hp gia bo v qu ti v bo v ngn mch (iu 435).
CH THCH 1: Dy dn mang in c bo v qu ti theo iu 433 c coi l cng bo v
c khi cc s c c nhiu kh nng gy ra qu dng c cng tng t vi cng
ca dng in qu ti.
CH THCH 2: Cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny khng tnh n cc nh hng t bn ngoi.
CH THCH 3: Bo v dy dn theo tiu chun ny khng nht thit l bo v c thit b c
ni vi dy dn .
CH THCH 4: Cp mm ni thit b n h thng lp t c nh bng phch cm v cm
khng thuc phm vi p dng ca tiu chun ny v v th khng cn bo v qu dng.
CH THCH 5: Trong tiu chun ny, ngt khng c ngha l cch ly.
430.2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn di y l cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu
vin dn ghi nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu khng ghi nm cng b
th p dng bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i.
TCVN 5926-3 (IEC 60269-3), Cu chy h p - Phn 3: Yu cu b sung i vi cu chy
ngi c chuyn mn s dng (cu chy ch yu dng trong gia nh v cc mc ch tng
t) - V d v h thng c tiu chun ha ca cu chy A n F
TCVN 6434 (IEC 60898) (tt c cc phn), Kh c in - ptmt bo v qu dng dng trong gia
nh v cc h thng lp t tng t
TCVN 6592-2 (IEC 60947-2), Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p - Phn 2: ptmt
TCVN 6951 (IEC 61009) (tt c cc phn), ptmt tc ng bng dng d c bo v qu dng
dng trong gia nh v cc mc ch tng t (RCBO)
TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41), H thng lp t in h p - Phn 4-41: Bo v an ton -
Bo v chng in git
IEC 60269-2, Low-voltage fuses - Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) - Examples of standardized systems
of fuses A to I (Cu chy h p - Phn 2: Yu cu b sung i vi cu chy dnh cho ngi c
chuyn mn s dng (cu chy ch yu dng trong cng nghip) - V d v h thng c tiu
chun ha ca cu chy A n I)
IEC 60269-4, Low-voltage fuses - Part 4: Suplementary requirements for fuse-links for the
protection of semiconductor devices (Cu chy h p - Phn 4: Yu cu b sung i vi dy
chy dng bo v thit b bn dn)
IEC 60364-5-52:2001, Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-52: Selection and erection of
electrical quipment - Wiring systems (H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-52: La chn v lp
1
t thit b in - H thng i dy)

1
c TCVN 7447-5-52: 2010 (IEC 60364-5-52: 2009), H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-
52: La chn v lp t thit b in - H thng i dy.
IEC 60439-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 2: Particular
requirements for busbar trunking systems (busways) (T ng ct v iu khin h p - Phn 2:
Yu cu c th i vi h thng hp thanh ci)
IEC 60724, Short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with a rated voltages of 1 kV (U m =
1,2 kV) and 3 kV (Um = 3,6 kV) (Gii hn nhit khi ngn mch ca cp in c in p danh
nh bng 1 kV (Um = 1,2 kV) v 3 kV (Um = 3,6 kV))
IEC 60947-3, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 3: Swiches, disconnectors, switch-
disconnectors and fuse-combination units (Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p - Phn 3: Cng
tc, b ngt, cu dao v khi kt hp cu chy)
IEC 60947-6-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 6-2: Multiple function equipment -
Control and protective switching devices (or equipment) (CPS) (Thit b ng ct v iu khin h
p - Phn 6-2: Thit b ng ct iu khin v bo v (CPS))
IEC 61534 (tt c cc phn), Powertrack systems (H thng ray cp in)
430.3. Yu cu chung
Phi c thit b bo v ngt mi qu dng trong cc dy dn ca mch in trc khi dng
in ny gy hng hc cho cch in, mi ni, u ni hoc vt liu xung quanh dy dn do
cc nh hng v nhit hoc c.
431. Yu cu theo bn cht mch in
431.1. Bo v dy pha
431.1.1. Thit b pht hin qu dng phi c trang b trn tt c cc dy pha, ngoi tr trng
hp p dng 431.1.2. Thit b pht hin qu dng phi dn n ct in dy dn c qu dng
c pht hin, nhng khng nht thit l ct in cc dy mang in khc.
Nu ct in mt pha c th gy nguy him, v d trong trng hp ng c in ba pha, th
phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga thch hp.
431.1.2. Trong h thng TT hoc TN, i vi mch in c cp in gia cc dy pha v
khng c b tr dy trung tnh, th khng cn c thit b pht hin qu dng trn mt trong cc dy
pha, vi iu kin l tha mn ng thi cc iu kin sau:
a) trong cng mt mch in hoc v pha ngun, c bo v c thit k pht hin cc ph
ti khng cn bng v c thit k ct in tt c cc dy pha;
b) khng c b tr dy trung tnh t im trung tnh gi ca cc mch in nm v pha ti ca
c cu bo v nu trong im a).
431.2. Bo v dy trung tnh
431.2.1. H thng TT hoc TN
Trong trng hp din tch mt ct ngang ca dy trung tnh t nht l tng ng vi din tch
mt ct ngang ca dy pha, v dng in trong dy trung tnh d kin khng vt qu gi tr
trong dy pha th khng nht thit phi c thit b pht hin qu dng ca dy trung tnh hoc
thit b ct in trn dy trung tnh.
Khi din tch mt ct ca dy trung tnh nh hn din tch mt ct ca dy pha th nht thit phi
c thit b pht hin qu dng ca dy trung tnh, tng ng vi din tch mt ct ca dy ;
thit b ny phi ct in cc dy pha, nhng khng nht thit phi ct in dy trung tnh.
Trong c hai trng hp, dy trung tnh phi c bo v chng dng in ngn mch.
CH THCH: Bo v ny c th t c bng thit b bo v qu dng trn dy pha. Trong
trng hp , khng nht thit phi c bo v qu dng cho dy trung tnh hoc thit b ngt
cho dy .
Khi dng in trn dy trung tnh d kin vt qu gi tr trn dy pha, xem 431.2.3.
p dng cc yu cu ca dy trung tnh cho dy PEN, ngoi tr yu cu v ngt in.
431.2.2. H thng IT
Trong trng hp c b tr dy trung tnh th nht thit phi c thit b pht hin qu dng cho
dy trung tnh ca tng mch in. Thit b pht hin qu dng phi ct in tt c cc dy dn
mang in ca mch in tng ng, k c dy trung tnh. Bin php ny l khng cn thit nu:
- dy trung tnh c th, c bo v c hiu qu chng qu dng bng thit b bo v t pha
ngun cung cp, v d ti im bt u ca h thng lp t, hoc nu
- mch in c th c bo v bng thit b bo v tc ng bng dng d c dng d danh
nh khng vt qu 0,20 ln kh nng mang dng ca dy trung tnh tng ng. Thit b ny
phi ct in tt c cc dy dn mang in ca mch in tng ng, k c dy trung tnh. Thit
b ny phi c kh nng ct tt c cc cc.
CH THCH: Trong h thng IT, khng cn b tr dy trung tnh.
431.2.3. Dng in hi
Thit b pht hin qu ti phi c trang b trn dy trung tnh trong mch in nhiu pha khi
thnh phn hi ca dng in pha lm cho dng in trong dy trung tnh d kin vt qu kh
nng mang dng ca dy dn . Thit b pht hin qu ti phi tng thch vi bn cht ca
dng in chy qua trung tnh v phi lm ct in dy pha nhng khng nht thit phi lm ct
in dy trung tnh. Khi ct in dy trung tnh, p dng yu cu ca 431.3.
CH THCH: Yu cu b sung lin quan n bo v dy trung tnh c cho trong TCVN 7447-
5-52 (IEC 60364-5-52).
431.3. Ngt v ni li dy trung tnh trong h thng nhiu pha
Khi cn phi ngt dy trung tnh th vic ngt v ni li phi sao cho khng c ngt trung tnh
trc cc dy pha v khi ni li phi ni ng thi hoc ni trc cc dy pha.
432. Bn cht ca thit b bo v
Thit b bo v phi thuc loi thch hp c ch ra trong cc iu t 432.1 n 432.3.
432.1. Thit b bo v chng dng in qu ti v dng in ngn mch
Ngoi tr nh c qui nh trong 434.5.1, thit b bo v chng c dng in qu ti v dng
in ngn mch phi c kh nng ct v, i vi ptmt, kh nng ng qu dng bt k n
v bng dng in ngn mch k vng ti ni lp t thit b. Thit b bo v ny c th l:
- ptmt c b nh qu ti v b nh ngn mch;
- ptmt kt hp vi cu chy;
- cu chy trong dy chy c c tnh gG.
CH THCH 1: Cu chy bao gm tt c cc phn to nn mt thit b bo v hon chnh.
CH THCH 2: iu ny khng loi tr vic s dng thit b bo v khc nu p ng cc yu
cu trong 433.1 v 434.5
432.2. Thit b ch bo v chng dng in qu ti
Cc thit b bo v ny p ng cc yu cu ca iu 433 v c th c kh nng ngt thp hn
gi tr ca dng in ngn mch k vng ti ni lp t thit b.
CH THCH 1: Nhn chung cc thit b ny c c tnh thi gian tr nghch o
CH THCH 2: Cu chy loi aM khng bo v qu ti.
432.3. Thit b ch bo v chng dng in ngn mch
Thit b ch cung cp bo v chng dng in ngn mch phi c lp t nhng ni c
bo v qu ti bng cc phng tin khc hoc ni cho php b qua bo v qu ti theo iu
433. Thit b ny phi c kh nng ct v, i vi ptmt, kh nng ng dng in ngn mch
n v bng dng in ngn mch k vng. Thit b phi tha mn cc yu cu ca iu 434.
Thit b ny c th l:
- ptmt ch c b nh ngn mch;
- cu chy c cc dy chy loi gM, aM.
432.4. c tnh ca thit b bo v
c tnh lm vic ca thit b bo v qu dng phi ph hp vi cc yu cu qui nh trong, v
d, TCVN 6434 (IEC 60898), TCVN 6592-2 (IEC 60947-2), IEC 60947-6-2, TCVN 6951 (IEC
61009), IEC 60269-2, TCVN 5326-3 (IEC 60269-3), IEC 60269-4 hoc IEC 60947-3.
CH THCH: Khng loi tr vic s dng cc thit b khc vi iu kin l cc c tnh thi
gian/dng in ca chng to ra mc bo v tng ng vi mc qui nh trong iu ny.
433. Bo v chng dng in qu ti
433.1. Phi hp gia dy dn v thit b bo v qu ti
c tnh lm vic ca thit b dng bo v cp khi qu ti phi tha mn hai iu kin sau
y:
IB In Iz (1)
I2 1,45 x Iz (2)
Trong
IB l dng in m mch c thit k;
IZ l kh nng mang dng lin tc ca cp (xem iu 523);
In l dng in danh nh ca thit b bo v;
CH THCH 1: i vi cc thit b bo v iu chnh c, dng in danh nh I n l gi tr t
dng in chn.
I2 l dng in m bo tc ng hiu qu trong thi gian qui c ca thit b bo v.
Dng in I2 m bo tc ng hiu qu ca thit b bo v phi do nh ch to cung cp hoc
nh nu trong tiu chun sn phm.
Bo v theo iu ny c th khng bo v tin cy trong mt s trng hp nht nh, v d khi
qu dng duy tr t hn thi gian ca I2. Trong cc trng hp ny, cn xem xt la chn cp
c din tch mt ct ln hn.
CH THCH 2: IB l dng in thit k chy qua dy pha hoc dng in c nh chy qua trung
tnh trong trng hp mc hai bc ba l cao.
CH THCH 3: Dng in m bo lm vic hiu qu trong thi gian qui c ca thit b bo v
cng c th c k hiu l It hoc If ty theo tng tiu chun sn phm. C It v If u l bi s
ca In v cn lu n vic th hin ng gi tr v ch s.
CH THCH 4: Xem Ph lc B v minh ha cc iu kin (1) v (2) ca 433.1.
CH THCH 5: Dng in thit k IB c th c coi l dng in thc t Ia sau khi p dng cc
h s hiu chnh. Xem iu 311.
433.2. V tr t thit b bo v qu ti
433.2.1. Thit b bo v qu ti phi c t ti im m ti nu c s thay i, v d nh
thay i v din tch mt ct, bn cht vt liu, phng php lp t hoc thay i v kt cu dn
n gim kh nng mang dng ca dy dn, ngoi tr trng hp p dng 433.2.2 v 433.3.
433.2.2. Thit b bo v dy dn khi qu ti c th c t dc theo ng i ca dy dn
nu phn ng i gia im c s thay i (v din tch mt ct, bn cht vt liu, phng
php lp t hoc kt cu) v v tr ca thit b bo v khng c mch r cng nh khng c
cm v p ng t nht mt trong hai iu kin sau:
a) phn ng i ny c bo v ngn mch theo cc yu cu nu trong iu 434;
b) Chiu di ca phn ng i ny khng vt qu 3 m, v c thc hin theo cch gim
c ri ro ngn mch xung mc thp nht, v c t sao cho gim c ri ro chy hoc
nguy him cho con ngi xung mc thp nht (xem thm 434.2.1).
CH THCH: i vi h thng lp t theo a), xem Hnh C.1. i vi h thng lp t theo b),
xem Hnh C.2.
433.3. Khng lp t thit b bo v qu ti
Cc trng hp khc nhau nu trong iu ny khng p dng cho cc h thng lp t cc v
tr c ri ro chy hoc n v nhng ni m cc yu cu i vi h thng v v tr lp t c
bit c cc iu kin qui nh khc.
433.3.1. Qui nh chung
Khng cn lp thit b bo v qu ti:
a) i vi dy dn nm v pha ti tnh t ni c thay i v din tch mt ct, bn cht vt liu,
phng php lp t hoc kt cu, c bo v qu ti hiu qu bng thit b bo v t trn
pha ngun;
b) i vi dy dn t c kh nng phi mang dng in qu ti, vi iu kin l dy dn ny c
bo v khi ngn mch theo cc yu cu ca iu 434, khng c mch r v cm;
c) ti im bt u ca h thng lp t trong trng hp nh phn phi cung cp thit b qu ti
v tha thun l thit b ny cung cp bo v cho mt phn h thng lp t gia im bt u
v im phn phi chnh ca h thng lp t khi c bo v qu ti b sung.
d) i vi mch in dng cho vin thng, iu khin, bo hiu v cc chc nng tng t.
CH THCH: i vi cc h thng lp t theo im a), b) v d), xem Hnh C.3.
433.3.2. Lp t hoc khng lp t cc thit b bo v qu ti trong h thng IT
433.3.2.1. Khng p dng cc qui nh trong 433.2.2 v 433.3.1 i vi vic lp t hoc khng
lp t cc thit b bo v qu ti cho h thng IT tr khi tng mch in khng c bo v qu ti
c bo v bng mt trong cc bin php sau:
a) s dng bin php bo v m t trong iu 412 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC 60364-4-41);
b) bo v tng mch bng thit b bo v bng dng d tc ng tc thi vi s c ln th hai;
c) i vi cc h thng c gim st lin tc, ch s dng thit b theo di cch in m thit b
ny
- lm ct in ca mch khi xy ra s c ln u, hoc
- a ra tn hiu bo c s c. S c phi c x l theo cc yu cu vn hnh v nhn thc
c nguy c s c ln hai.
CH THCH: Nn lp t h thng nh v s c cch in ph hp vi IEC 61557-9. Vi ng
dng ca h thng ny, c th pht hin v nh v s c cch in m khng lm gin on
ngun cung cp.
433.3.2.2. Trong h thng IT khng c dy trung tnh, c th khng lp t thit b bo v qu ti
ca mt trong cc dy pha nu trong tng mch c lp thit b bo v bng dng d.
433.3.3. Cc trng hp khng c lp thit b bo v qu ti v l do an ton
Cho php khng lp t cc thit b bo v qu ti i vi cc mch cung cp in cho thit b s
dng dng in m nu mch in b ct in ngoi d kin c th gy nguy him hoc hng. V
d v cc trng hp ny l:
- mch kch thch ca my in quay;
- mch cp ngun cho nam chm dng nng h;
- mch th cp ca my bin dng;
- mch in cp ngun cho thit b cha chy;
- mch in cp ngun cho dch v an ton (chung chng trm, chung bo kh, v.v).
CH THCH: Trong cc trng hp ny, cn xt n qui nh ca chung bo qu ti.
433.4. Bo v qu ti ca cc dy dn song song
Trong trng hp ch c mt thit b bo v cho mt s dy dn song song th khng c c
cc mch r hoc thit b dng cch ly hoc ng ct trn cc dy dn song song .
iu ny khng loi tr vic s dng cc mch vng cui.
433.4.1. Chia u dng in gia cc dy dn song song
Trong trng hp ch c mt thit b bo v cc dy dn song song c dng in chia mt cch
ng u, gi tr IZ cn s dng trong 433.1 l tng kh nng mang dng ca cc dy dn khc
nhau.
Vic phn chia dng in c coi l u nu tha mn cc yu cu ca gch u dng th
nht trong 523.7 a) ca IEC 60364-5-52:2001.
433.4.2. Phn chia dng in khng u gia cc dy dn song song
Trong trng hp khng th s dng mt dy dn trn mi pha, v cc dng in trong cc dy
dn song song khng u nhau, th dng in thit k v cc yu cu bo v qu ti cho mi
dy dn phi c xem xt ring.
CH THCH: Dng in trong cc dy dn song song c coi l khng u nu chnh lch
gia cc dng in bt k ln hn 10% dng in thit k cho mi dy dn. Hng dn c
cho trong iu A.2.
434. Bo v chng dng in ngn mch
Tiu chun ny ch xem xt trng hp ngn mch gia cc dy dn thuc cng mt mch in.
434.1. Xc nh dng in ngn mch k vng
Phi xc nh dng in ngn mch k vng ti tt c cc im lin quan ca h thng lp t.
iu ny c th thc hin bng tnh ton hoc bng php o.
CH THCH: Dng in ngn mch k vng ti im ngun c th t c t ngun cung cp.
434.2. t thit b bo v ngn mch
Thit b bo v ngn mch phi c t ti ni c mt ct ca dy dn gim hoc c nhng
thay i khc gy ra thay i v kh nng mang dng ca dy dn, ngoi tr nhng ni p dng
434.2.1, 434.2.2 hoc 434.3.
434.2.1. Cc trng hp khc nhau nu trong iu di y khng c p dng cho cc h
thng lp t nhng ni c ri ro chy hoc ri ro n v nhng ni m cc qui tc c bit i
vi mt s v tr nht nh c qui nh iu kin khc. Thit b bo v ngn mch c th c t
khc vi qui nh trong 434.2, trong cc iu kin di y.
Trong mt phn ca dy dn t v tr ca thit b bo v n im c mt ct gim hoc c s
thay i khc khng c c mch r nhnh hoc cm v phn dy dn ny.
a) khng c di qu 3 m, v
b) c lp t theo cch gim thiu nguy c ngn mch, v
CH THCH 1: iu kin ny c th t c v d bng cch tng cng bo v h thng i
dy chng cc nh hng bn ngoi.
CH THCH 2: Xem Hnh D.1.
c) khng t gn vt liu d chy.
434.2.2. Thit b bo v c th c t pha ngun khi gim din tch mt ct hoc c nhng
thay i khc, vi iu kin l thit b c c tnh tc ng bo v h thng i dy pha ti
khi ngn mch, ph hp vi 434.5.2.
CH THCH: Cc yu cu trong 434.2.2 c th c p ng bng phng php cho trong Ph
lc D.
434.3. Khng lp t thit b bo v ngn mch
Nu p ng ng thi c hai iu kin sau:
- h thng i dy c thc hin theo cch gim thiu ri ro ngn mch (xem im b) ca
434.2.1), v
- h thng i dy khng t gn vt liu d chy,
- khng cn cung cp thit b bo v ngn mch i vi cc ng dng nh:
a) cc dy dn ni my pht, bin p, b chnh lu, acqui n cc bng iu khin lin quan, v
c thit b bo v t trn cc bng ny;
b) cc mch m nu ct in c th gy nguy him cho s hot ng ca h thng lp t lin
quan, nh nhng trng hp nu trong 433.3.3;
c) mt s mch o nht nh;
d) ti im bt u ca h thng lp t ni nh phn phi lp t mt hoc nhiu thit b cung
cp bo v ngn mch v tha thun rng thit b ny cung cp bo v cho mt phn ca h
thng lp t gia im gc o v im phn phi chnh ca h thng lp t ni c cung cp
thm bo v ngn mch.
434.4. Bo v ngn mch cc dy dn song song
Mt thit b bo v duy nht c th bo v cc dy dn song song khi cc nh hng ca ngn
mch vi iu kin l c tnh tc ng ca thit b m bo tc ng hiu qu khi xy ra s
c v tr xung yu nht mt trong s cc dy dn song song. Phi tnh n s phn chia dng
in ngn mch gia cc dy dn song song. S c c th xy ra t c hai u ca dy dn
song song.
Nu tc ng ca thit b bo v duy nht khng hiu qu th phi thc hin mt hoc nhiu bin
php sau y:
a) H thng i dy c thc hin theo cch gim nguy c ngn mch xung mc ti thiu trong
tt c cc dy dn song song, v d bng bo v chng h hi v c, v cc dy dn phi c
lp t theo cch gim thiu ri ro chy hoc nguy him cho con ngi.
b) Phi c thit b bo v ngn mch u pha ngun cung cp cho tng dy dn song song
i vi mch c hai dy dn song song.
c) Phi c thit b bo v ngn mch u pha ngun cung cp v pha ti cho tng dy dn
i vi mch c nhiu hn hai dy dn song song.
Hng dn c cho trong iu A.3.
434.5. c tnh ca thit b bo v ngn mch
Mi thit b bo v ngn mch phi tha mn cc yu cu trong 434.5.1.
434.5.1. Kh nng ct danh nh khng c nh hn dng in ngn mch k vng ln nht ti
ni lp t thit b, ngoi tr nhng ni p dng on di y.
Chp nhn kh nng ct danh nh thp hn nu pha ngun c lp mt thit b bo v khc c
kh nng ct cn thit. Trong trng hp , cc c tnh ca thit b phi c phi hp sao
cho nng lng i qua hai thit b ny khng vt qu nng lng m thit b pha ti v dy
dn c bo v bng cc thit b ny c th chu m khng b hng.
CH THCH: Trong mt s trng hp nht nh, i vi thit b pha ti, c th phi tnh n
cc c tnh khc nh lc in ng v nng lng h quang. Chi tit v cc c tnh cn phi
hp do nh ch to thit b lin quan cung cp.
434.5.2. i vi cp v dy dn c cch in, phi ct tt c cc dng in do ngn mch ti
im bt k trn mch in trong thi gian khng vt qu thi gian lm cho cch in ca dy
dn t n gii hn nhit cho php.
i vi thi gian tc ng ca thit b bo v < 0,1s khi s khng i xng ca dng in l quan
2 2
trng v i vi cc thit b gii hn dng in, th k S phi ln hn gi tr in nng cho i qua
2
(I t) do nh ch to thit b bo v a ra.
Bng 43A - Gi tr k dng cho cc dy dn
Loi cch in dy dn
EPR Cao su Cht v c
0
PVC XLPE 60 C
c tnh/iu kin PVC
Nha nhit do Nha Nha Bc
Nha nhit do 0 trn
90 C nhit nhit PVC
cng cng
2
Din tch mt ct, mm 300 >300 300 >300
0
Nhit ban u, C 70 70 90 60 70 105
0
Nhit cui cng, C 160 140 160 140 250 200 160 250
Vt liu lm dy dn:
ng 115 103 100 86 143 141 115 135-115*
Nhm 76 68 66 57 94 93 - -
Mi hn thic trn dy 115 - - - - - - -
dn bng ng
a
Phi s dng gi tr ny cho cp trn chm ti c.
CH THCH 1: Cc gi tr k khc ang c xem xt i vi:
2
- dy dn nh (c bit i vi dy c mt ct nh hn 10 mm );
- cc mi ni loi khc trong dy dn;
- dy dn trn.
CH THCH 2: Dng in danh ngha ca thit b bo v ngn mch c th ln hn kh nng
mang dng ca cp.
CH THCH 3: Cc h s trn da theo IEC 60724.
CH THCH 4: Xem Ph lc A ca IEC 60364-5-54:2002 i vi phng php tnh h s k.
i vi ngn mch ko di n 5 s, thi gian t, dng in ngn mch lm tng nhit cc
dy dn t nhit cao nht cho php trong ch bnh thng n nhit gii hn, c th
c tnh theo cng thc sau, ly xp x:
 2
t = (k x S/I) (3)
trong
t l thi gian, tnh bng giy;
S l din tch mt ct, tnh bng milimt vung;
I l dng in ngn mch hiu qu, tnh bng ampe, c biu din di dng gi tr hiu dng;
k h s c tnh n in tr sut, h s nhit v nhit dung ca vt liu lm dy dn, nhit ban
u v nhit cui cng thch hp. i vi cch in dy dn thng thng, gi tr k ca dy
pha c cho trong Bng 43A.
434.5.3. i vi h thng hp thanh ci ph hp vi IEC 60439-2 v h thng ray cp in ph
hp vi b IEC 61534, phi p dng mt trong cc yu cu sau:
Dng in chu th danh nh ngn hn (ICW) v dng in chu th nh danh nh ca h
thng hp thanh ci hoc h thng ray dn in khng c thp hn gi tr danh nh ca dng
in ngn mch k vng v gi tr dng in nh ngn mch k vng tng ng. Thi gian ln
nht xc nh ICW i vi h thng hp thanh ci hoc h thng ray cp in khng c nh
hn thi gian lm vic ln nht ca thit b bo v.
Dng in ngn mch danh nh c iu kin ca h thng hp thanh ci v h thng ray cp
in c lp t thit b bo v c th khng c nh hn dng in ngn mch k vng.
435. Phi hp bo v qu ti v bo v ngn mch
435.1. Bo v c thc hin bi mt thit b
Thit b bo v qu ti v thit b bo v ngn mch phi p ng cc yu cu p dng c ca
iu 433 v iu 434.
435.2. Bo v c thc hin bng cc thit b ring r
p dng yu cu ca cc iu 433 v 434 tng ng cho thit b bo v qu ti v thit b bo
v ngn mch tng ng.
Cc c tnh ca thit b phi c phi hp sao cho nng lng i qua thit b bo v ngn
mch khng vt qu nng lng m thit b bo v qu ti c th chu c m khng b hng.
CH THCH: Yu cu ny khng loi tr kiu phi hp qui nh trong TCVN 6592-4-1 (IEC
60947-4-1).
436. Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ca ngun cung cp
Dy dn c coi l c bo v khi qu ti v ngn mch khi chng c cung cp t mt
ngun khng c kh nng cung cp dng in vt qu kh nng mang dng ca dy dn (v d
mt s bin p chung, mt s bin p hn v mt s loi t my pht nhit in).

Ph lc A
(tham kho)
Bo v chng qu dng dy dn song song
A.1. Gii thiu
Vic bo v qu dng i vi cc dy dn song song cn phi cung cp bo v thch hp cho tt
c cc dy dn song song. i vi hai dy dn c cng din tch mt ct ngang, cng chiu di
v c b tr mang cc dng in c bn l bng nhau th cc yu cu bo v qu dng l
khng phc tp. i vi cc b tr dy dn phc tp hn, cn a ra cc xem xt c th n vic
phn chia dng in khng u gia cc dy dn v nhiu tuyn dng in s c. Ph lc ny
a ra hng dn v cc xem xt cn thit.
CH THCH: Phng php chi tit hn tnh dng in gia cc dy dn song song c cho
trong IEC 60287-1-3.
A.2. Bo v qu ti cc dy dn song song
Khi xy ra qu ti trong mch in c cc dy dn song song, dng in trong tng dy dn s
tng ln theo cng mt t l. Vi iu kin l dng in c phn chia u gia cc dy dn
song song, c th s dng mt thit b bo v bo v tt c cc dy dn. Kh nng mang
dng (IZ) ca cc dy dn song song bng tng kh nng mang dng ca tng dy dn, p dng
vic phn nhm thch hp v cc h s khc.
Vic phn chia dng in gia cc cp song song l hm s ca tr khng ca cc cp. i vi
cp mt li c ln, thnh phn in khng ca tr khng ln hn thnh phn in tr v s c
nh hng ng k n vic phn chia dng in. Thnh phn in khng b nh hng bi v
tr vt l tng i ca tng cp. V d, nu mch in gm hai cp c ln trn mi pha, c
chiu di, kt cu v din tch mt ct nh nhau v c b tr song song v tr tng i bt
li (tc l cc cp cng pha c b li vi nhau) th s phn chia dng in c th l 70%/30%
ch khng phi l 50%/50%.
Khi chnh lch tr khng gia cc dy dn song song dn n phn chia dng in khng u,
v d chnh lch ln hn 10%, dng in thit k v cc yu cu bo v qu ti i vi tng dy
dn cn c xem xt ring.
Dng in thit k i vi tng dy dn c th c tnh t ph ti tng v tr khng ca tng
dy dn.
i vi tng m dy dn song song, dng in thit k I Bk ca dy dn k c cho bi cng thc:
IB
IBk = (A.1)
+
Z k Z k Z k Zk Zk Zk
Z1 Z2 + + Zk-1 + Zk+ Zk+1+ + Zm
Trong
IB l dng in c thit k cho mch in;
IBk l dng in thit k ca dy dn k;
Zk l tr khng ca dy dn k;
Z1 v Zm l tr khng ca dy dn 1 v m, tng ng.
2
Trong trng hp cc dy dn song song c din tch mt ct n v bng 120 mm , dng in
thit k IBk i vi dy dn k c cho bi:
Sk
IBk = IB (A.2)
(S1 + S2 + + Sm)
Trong
Sk l din tch mt ct ca dy dn k;
S1...Sm l din tch mt ct ca cc dy dn.
Trong trng hp cp mt li, tr khng l hm ca cc v tr tng i ca cp cng nh thit
k cp, v d c hoc khng c o gip. Phng php tnh tr khng c cho trong IEC 60287-
1-3. Khuyn co rng s phn chia dng in gia cc cp song song c kim tra bng php
o.
Dng in thit k IBk c s dng thay cho IB trong cng thc (1) ca 433.1 nh sau:
IBk In Izk (A.3)
Gi tr s dng cho Iz trong 433.1, cng thc (1) v (2), l
- kh nng mang dng lin tc ca tng dy dn, Izk, nu c thit b bo v qu ti cho tng dy
dn (xem Hnh A.1) t
IBk Ink Izk (A.4)
Hoc
- tng cc kh nng mang dng ca tt c cc dy dn, Izk, nu c mt thit b duy nht bo v
qu ti cho cc dy dn song song (xem Hnh A.2) t :
IB In Izk (A.5)
Trong
Ink l dng in danh ngha ca thit b bo v dy dn k;
Izk l kh nng mang dng lin tc ca dy dn k;
In l dng in danh ngha ca thit b bo v;
Izk l tng cc kh nng mang dng lin tc ca m dy dn song song.
CH THCH: i vi cc h thng thanh ci, cn ly thng tin ca nh ch to hoc trong IEC
60439-2.

Hnh A.1 - Mch in c thit b bo v qu ti cho mi dy trong s m dy dn song song

 Hnh A.2 - Mch in c thit b duy nht bo v qu ti cho m dy dn song song
A.3. Bo v ngn mch cc dy dn song song
Khi cc dy dn c mc song song, cn xem xt kh nng ngn mch trong on song song
lin quan n b tr thit b bo v.
Cc dy dn ring r mc song song c th khng c bo v hiu qu khi s dng cc thit b
bo v n l, do cn xem xt cung cp cc b tr bo v khc. Cc thit b bo v khc
ny c th gm cc thit b bo v ring r i vi tng dy dn, thit b bo v ti pha ngun v
pha ti ca cc dy dn song song, v thit b bo v lin kt ti pha ngun. Vic xc nh b tr
bo v c th s ph thuc vo kh nng xy ra cc iu kin s c.
Khi cc dy dn c mc song song th c th c nhiu tuyn dn dng in s c gy ra cp
in lin tc ti c u pha ngun (s) v pha ti (l) ca tng dy dn song song. Trng hp
ny c minh ha trn Hnh A.3 v A.4.
 Hnh A.3 - Dng in ti thi im bt u Hnh A.4 - Dng in sau khi thit b bo
s c v cs tc ng
Hnh A.3 ch ra rng, nu c s c xy ra trong dy dn song song 3 ti im x, th dng in s
c s chy trong cc dy dn 1, 2 v 3. ln ca dng in s c v t l dng in s c
chy qua cc thit b bo v cs v cl ph thuc vo v tr ca s c. Trong v d ny gi thit rng
phn ln nht ca dng in s c s chy qua thit b bo v cs. Hnh A.4 cho thy rng, khi cs
tc ng, dng in vn chy n im s c x qua cc dy dn 1 v 2. V cc dy dn 1 v 2
song song, nn dng in c phn chia qua cc thit b bo v as v bs c th khng
lm chng tc ng trong thi gian yu cu. Nu ng nh vy, th thit b bo v cl l cn thit.
Cn lu rng dng in chy qua cl s nh hn dng in lm cho cs tc ng. Nu s c
gn vi cl th cl s tc ng trc. C th c tnh hung tng t nu s c xy ra trn cc dy
dn 1 hoc 2, do i hi phi c cc thit b bo v al v bl.
Phng php cung cp thit b bo v c u pha ngun v pha ti c hai nhc im so vi
phng php cung cp cc thit b bo v ch cc u pha ngun. u tin, nu s c ti x
c gii tr bng tc ng ca cs v cl th mch in s tip tc lm vic c ti trn dy dn 1
v 2. Do c th khng pht hin c s c v dn n qu ti ca dy dn 1 v 2, ty thuc
vo tr khng s c. Th hai, s c ti x c th lm chy, h mch ti pha cl li mt pha ca
s c vn c in v khng pht hin c.
Thay cho su thit b bo v c th cung cp (cc) thit b bo v lin kt ti u pha ngun.
Xem Hnh A.5. iu ny c th ngn vic tc ng lin tc ca mch in trong cc iu kin s
c.

Hnh A.5 - Minh ha thit b bo v lin kt

 Ph lc B
(tham kho)
Cc iu kin 1 v 2 ca 433.1

Hnh B.1 - Minh ha cc iu kin 1 v 2 ca 433.1

Ph lc C
(tham kho)
Lp t hoc khng lp t thit b bo v qu ti
C.1. Qui nh chung
Thit b bo v qu ti v thit b bo v ngn mch phi c lp t cho tng mch in. Cc
thit b bo v ny nhn chung cn t ti im bt u ca tng mch in.
i vi mt s ng dng, mt trong cc thit b bo v qu ti hoc bo v ngn mch c th
khng theo yu cu chung ny, vi iu kin l bo v khc vn duy tr c hiu lc.
C.2. Cc trng hp trong bo v qu ti khng cn t ti im bt u mch nhnh
a) Theo 433.2.2 a) v Hnh C.1, thit b bo v qu ti P2 c th dch chuyn khi im bt u
(O) ca mch nhnh (B) vi iu kin l khng c mi ni hoc cm khc trn pha ngun ca,
thit b bo v P2 ca mch nhnh ny, v theo cc yu cu ca 433.2.2 a), phi c bo v ngn
mch i vi phn ny ca mch nhnh.

Hnh C.1 - Thit b bo v qu ti (P2) khng t ti im bt u ca mch nhnh (B) (xem

433.2.2 a))
Thit b bo v qu ti c s dng bo v h thng i dy. Ch thit b s dng dng in
mi sinh ra qu ti; do thit b bo v qu ti c th dch chuyn dc theo tuyn dn ca mch
nhnh n im bt k vi iu kin l bo v ngn mch ca mch nhnh vn c hiu lc.
b) Theo 433.2.2 b) v Hnh C.2, thit b bo v qu ti P2 c th dch chuyn n 3 m tnh t
im bt u (O) ca mch nhnh (B) vi iu kin l khng c mi ni hoc cm khc trn
chiu di ny ca mch nhnh, v theo cc yu cu ca 433.2.2 b) th chiu di ny khng c
vt qu 3m, v ri ro ngn mch, chy v nguy him cho con ngi c gim xung mc ti
thiu i vi chiu di ca mch nhnh ny.

Hnh C.2 - Thit b bo v qu ti (P2) c lp t trong phm vi 3 m xung quanh im

bt u ca mch nhnh (B) (xem 433.2.2 b))
i vi chiu di 3 m, mch nhnh khng cn c bo v chng ngn mch nhng phi thc hin
cc bin php phng nga m bo an ton. Xem 433.2.2b). Ngoi ra, vic bo v ngn
mch ca mch ngun cng c th lp bo v ngn mch cho mch nhnh n im m ti
lp t P2 (xem Ph lc D).
C.3. Cc trng hp c th khng lp bo v qu ti
a) Theo 433.3.1 v Hnh C.3, cho php khng lp bo v qu ti vi iu kin khng c mi ni
hoc cm khc trn pha ngun ca thit b bo v ca mch nhnh, v p dng mt trong cc
im sau:
- mch nhnh S2 c bo v chng qu ti bi P1 (xem 433.3.1a)); hoc
- mch nhnh S3 t c kh nng xy ra qu ti (xem 433.3.1b)); hoc
- mch nhnh S4 c dng cho vin thng, iu khin, bo hiu v cc mch tng t (xem
433.3.1 d)).
CH THCH: P2, P3 v P4 l cc thit b bo v ngn mch dng cho cc mch nhnh S2, S3 v
S4 tng ng.
Hnh C.3 - Minh ha cc trng hp c th khng lp bo v qu ti (xem 433.3.1 a), b) v
d))
b) Theo 433.3.2.1 v Hnh C.4, cc yu cu b sung ca iu C.2 v iu C.3 a), ch p dng
cho cc h thng IT, c yu cu trong 433.3.2.1. Thit b bo v qu ti c th khng cn lp
t vi iu kin l khng c mi ni hoc cm khc trn pha ngun ca P2, thit b bo v
ca mch nhnh ny, v p dng mt trong cc im sau:
- mch nhnh S2 s dng bin php bo v m t trong iu 412 ca TCVN 7447-4-41 (IEC
60364-4-41) v cha thit b cp II, hoc
- mch nhnh S3 c bo v bng RCD m s tc ng ngay khi c s c ln hai; hoc
- mch nhnh S4 c trang b thit b theo di cch in m thit b ny s gy ngt mch in
khi xut hin s c ln 1 hoc to ra tn hiu chung bo thng bo c s c.

CH THCH: P2, P3 v P4 l cc thit b bo v ngn mch dng cho cc mch nhnh S 2, S3 v

S4 tng ng.
Hnh C.4 - Minh ha cc trng hp c th khng lp bo v qu ti trong h thng IT
Trong h thng IT, cn xem xt kh nng xut hin hai s c cch in ring r nh hng n
cch mch in khc nhau. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, vic xut hin hai s c ring r gy
ra ngn in. Tuy nhin, tr khng s c, chiu di v din tch mt ct ca c hai mch in lin
quan c th cha bit. Do , vic c th xut hin hai s c cch in ring r c th gy ra qu
ti cho t nht mt trong cc thit b bo v.

Ph lc D
 (tham kho)
Lp t hoc khng lp t thit b bo v ngn mch
D.1. Qui nh chung
Thit b bo v qu ti v thit b bo v ngn mch phi c lp t cho tng mch in. Cc
thit b bo v ny nhn chung cn c t im bt u ca tng mch in.
i vi mt s ng dng, mt trong cc thit b bo v qu ti hoc bo v ngn mch c th
khng tun th yu cu chung ny, vi iu kin thit b cn li vn c hiu lc.
D.2. Cc trng hp bo v ngn mch khng nht thit c t im bt u ca
mch nhnh
a) Theo 434.2.1 v Hnh D.1, thit b bo v ngn mch P2 c th chuyn dch n 3 m tnh t
im bt u (O) ca mch nhnh (S2) vi iu kin khng c mi ni hoc cm khc trn
chiu di ny ca mch nhnh, v trong trng hp ca 434.2.1, ri ro ngn mch, chy v nguy
him cho con ngi c gim thiu trn on mch in ny.

CH THCH: S l din tch mt ct dy dn.

Hnh D.1 - Gii hn vic thay i v tr ca thit b bo v ngn mch (P2) trn mch nhnh
(xem 434.2.1)
Chiu di 3 m ca dy dn trn mch nhnh khng c bo v ngn mch, nhng bo v ngn
mch c cung cp cho mch in ngun c th cng cung cp bo v ngn mch cho mch
nhnh n im lp t P2.
b) Lin quan n 434.2.2 v Hnh D.2, thit b bo v ngn mch P2 c th c lp t ti im
trn pha ngun ca im bt u (O) ca mch nhnh (B) vi iu kin l, theo 434.2.2, chiu
di ln nht gia im bt u ca mch nhnh v thit b bo v ngn mch ca mch nhnh
tun th "qui tc tam gic".
AB = chiu di ln nht L1 ca dy dn c mt ct S1 c bo v ngn mch bng thit b bo
v P1 t ti A.
AM = chiu di ln nht L2 ca dy dn c mt ct S2 c bo v ngn mch bng thit b bo
v P1 t ti A.
Hnh D.2 - Thit b bo v ngn mch P2 c lp t ti im trn pha ngun ca im
bt u ca mch nhnh (xem 434.2.2)
Chiu di ln nht ca dy dn phn nhnh ti O, c din tch mt ct S2, c bo v ngn
mch bng thit b bo v P1 t ti A, l chiu di on ON trong tam gic BON.
iu ny c th c s dng trong trng hp khi ch c bo v ngn mch. Bo v qu ti
khng c xt n trong v d ny (xem iu C.3).
Cc chiu di ln nht tng ng vi ngn mch nh nht c th kch hot thit b bo v P 1.
Thit b bo v ny bo v mch nhnh S1 n chiu di AB th cng bo v mch nhnh S2.
Chiu di ln nht ca mch nhnh S2 c bo v bng P1 ph thuc vo v tr ni m mch
nhnh S2 ni vi S1.
Chiu di mch nhnh S2 khng th vt qu gi tr xc nh bi s tam gic. Trong trng
hp ny, thit b bo v P2 c th chuyn dch dc theo mch nhnh S2 n im N.
CH THCH 1: Phng php ny cng c th p dng trong trng hp c ba tuyn dy dn
lin tip c din tch mt ct khc nhau.
CH THCH 2: i vi mt ct S2, nu chiu di ca h thng i dy khc nhau theo bn cht
cch in th phng php ny c th p dng bng cch ly chiu di.
AB = L2S1/S2
i vi mt ct S2, nu chiu di ca h thng i dy ging nhau bt k bn cht cch in th
phng php ny c th p dng bng cch ly chiu di:
AB = L1
D.3. Trng hp c th khng lp bo v ngn mch
Theo 434.3 v Hnh D.3, thit b bo v ngn mch c th khng cn lp t i vi mt s ng
dng nh my bin p hoc mch in o vi iu kin l, ph hp vi cc yu cu ca 434.3,
ri ro ngn mch, chy v nguy him cho con ngi c gim n mc ti thiu.
Hnh D.3 - V tr c th khng lp thit b bo v ngn mch i vi mt s ng dng (xem
434.3)
Lu rng mch o s dng bin dng khng c h mch nu khng s xy ra qu p.
i vi mt s ng dng, v d nh xi phng t, c th khng cn lp bo v ngn mch (xem
434.3)

Ph lc E
(tham kho)
Nhng lu lin quan n mt s quc gia
Bn cht (c C s hp l
nh hoc t c (nh gi c th
Quc gia iu nh hn theo i vi cc lu Ni dung
cc Ch th ca c yu cu
IEC) ca quc gia)
M 431.1.2 M, tt c cc dy pha phi c
cung cp bo v qu dng
431.2.3 M, p dng nh sau: trong trng
hp d kin l s c mt s lng ln
cc ti khng tuyn tnh hoc cc ti
khng tuyn tnh c ln, trung tnh c
th c sp xp theo c mang
c dng in ln nht d kin do
nh hng ca hi.
433.1 M, dng in lm vic ca thit b
bo v ging vi kh nng mang dng
ca dy dn.
Anh 433.1 Anh, cm c th cp in thng
qua mch vng ch c bo v bng
thit b bo v 32 A ph hp vi TCVN
5926 (IEC 60269), TCVN 6434 (IEC
60898), TCVN 6592-2 (IEC 60947-2)
hoc TCVN 6951-1 (IEC 61009-1), h
thng i dy bng dy dn ng c
dy trung tnh v dy pha c din tch
2
mt ct 2,5 mm tr cc cp hai li
cch in bng v c ph hp vi tiu
 chun IEC lin quan m i vi loi
ny, din tch mt ct nh nht l 1,5
2
mm . Mch vng ch ny c coi l
p ng cc yu cu ca 433.1 nu
kh nng mang dng (Iz) ca cp
khng nh hn 20 A, v nu, trong cc
iu kin s dng d kin, dng in
ti trong phn bt k ca mch vng t
c kh nng vt qu kh nng mang
dng (Iz) ca cp trong thi gian di.
433.1 Anh, cm c th c cp in
thng qua mch vng ch c bo
v bng thit b bo v 32 A c hoc
khng c ng r nhnh khng lp
cu chy
Ailen 433.1 Ailen, cm c th c cp in
thng qua cc mch vng ch c
bo v bng thit b bo v 32 A ph
hp vi TCVN 5926 (IEC 60269),
TCVN 6434 (IEC 60898), TCVN 6592-
2 (IEC 60947-2) hoc TCVN 6951-1
(IEC 61009-1), h thng i dy bng
dy dn ng c dy trung tnh v dy
2
pha c din tch mt ct 2,5 mm tr
cc cp hai li cch in bng v c
ph hp vi tiu chun IEC lin quan
m i vi loi ny, din tch mt ct
2
nh nht l 1,5 mm . Mch vng ch
ny c coi l p ng cc yu cu
ca 433.1 nu kh nng mang dng
(Iz) ca cp khng nh hn 20 A, v
nu, trong cc iu kin s dng d
kin, dng in ti trong phn bt k
ca mch vng t c kh nng vt
qu kh nng mang dng (Iz) ca cp
trong thi gian di.
433.1 Ailen, cm c th c cp in
thng qua mch vng ch c bo
v bng thit b bo v 32 A c hoc
khng c ng r nhnh khng lp
cu chy.
433.3.1 Ailen, khng p dng im c).
434.3 Ailen, khng p dng 434.3 d).
c 433.2.2 c, khng p dng Ph lc D.
433.3.1 c, khng cn phi c thit b bo
v chng qu ti trong trng hp sau:
e) mch phn phi gm cc cp nm
trong t hoc ng dy ti in trn
khng trong trng hp qu ti ca
mch khng gy nguy him.
433.3.1 c, khng p dng Ph lc C.
 433.3.2.1 c, im b) s nh sau:
b)
b) bo v tng thit b s dng dng
ring r bng RCD ca n s tc ng
ngay khi s c ln hai.
433.3.2.1 c) c, im c) s nh sau:
c) vic s dng thit b theo di cch
in s:
- lm ngt mch in khi xut hin s
c ln u, hoc
- a ra tn hiu ch th s c. S c s
c iu chnh theo cc yu cu
chc nng v nhn dng ri ro t s
c ln hai.
434.2.1 c, ch thch 1 s nh sau:
CH THCH 1: iu kin ny c th
t c v d bng cch tng cng
bo v h thng i dy khi cc nh
hng t bn ngoi, m bo cho h
thng lp t chng ngn mch v s
c ni t.
434.3 c, cho php khng lp thit b bo
v ngn mch trong mch phn phi
gm cc cp nm trong t hoc
ng dy trn khng.
Ph lc C c, khng p dng Ph lc C
Ph lc D c, khng p dng Ph lc D.

TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

TCVN 5926-1 (IEC 60269-1), Cu chy h p - Phn 1: Yu cu chung
IEC 60287-1-3, Electric cables - Calculation of the current rating - Part 1-3: Current rating
equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses - Current sharing between parallel single-
core cables and calculation of circulating current losses (Cp in - Tnh thng s dng in -
Phn 1-3: Cng thc tnh thng s dng in (h s ti 100%) v tnh tn hao - Phn dng gia
cc cp mt li song song v tnh tn hai dng in)
TCVN 7447-5-54:2005 (IEC 60364-5-54:2002), H thng lp t in h p - Phn 5-54: La
chn v lp t thit b in - B tr ni t, dy bo v v dy lin kt bo v
IEC 60439-2, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 2: Particular
requirements for busbar trunking systems (busways) (T ng ct v iu khin h p - Phn 2:
Yu cu c th i vi h thng hp thanh ci)
TCVN 6592-1 (IEC 60947-1), Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p - Phn 1: Qui tc chung
TCVN 6592-4-1 (IEC 60947-4-1), Thit b ng ct v iu khin h p - Phn 4-1: Cngtct v
b khi ng ng c - Cngtct v b khi ng ng c kiu in t
IEC 61557-9, Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1000 V a.c. and 1500 V
d.c - Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures - Part 9: Equipment
for insulation fault location in IT systems (An ton in trong h thng phn phi h p c in p
n 1000 V xoay chiu v 1500 V mt chiu - Thit b dng cho th nghim, o v theo di cc
bin php bo v - Phn 9: Thit b dng nh v s c cch in trong h thng IT)

MC LC
Li ni u
Li gii thiu
43. Bo v chng qu dng
430.1. Phm vi p dng
430.2. Ti liu vin dn
430.3. Yu cu chung
431. Yu cu theo bn cht mch in
432. Bn cht ca thit b bo v
433. Bo v chng dng in qu ti
434. Bo v chng dng in ngn mch
435. Phi hp bo v qu ti v bo v ngn mch
436. Hn ch qu dng bng cc c tnh ca ngun cung cp
Ph lc A (tham kho) - Bo v chng qu dng dy dn song song
Ph lc B (tham kho) - Cc iu kin 1 v 2 ca 433.1
Ph lc C (tham kho) - Lp t hoc khng lp t thit b bo v qu ti
Ph lc D (tham kho) - Lp t hoc khng lp t thit b bo v ngn mch
Ph lc E (tham kho) - Nhng lu lin quan n mt s quc gia
Th mc ti liu tham kho