1.

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

The selected foundation is an isolated footing, Since we have a light structure isolated footing is
economical.

DESIGN OF FOOTING

The highest axial load that transfers from the superstructure to the foundation is 3545.45KN.

-Axial load, p = 3545.42KN

-Moment in the x-dir., Mx=175KNm
-Moment in the Y-dir., My=116.27KNm
-Column dimension: 500mm x 500mm
-Concrete; C-25
-Steel; S-460

-The soil profile we have is shown below. The footing is located at the depth of 6.5m below the
ground , which is at the second layer.

3m Expansive soil

8m Clay mixed with grave

Weathered rock
-The soil that we have at the second layer is clay mixed with gravel.
-Assuming that anlgle of internal friction, = 200 , and
Cohesion, C = 20Kpa.

1.1. BEARING CAPACITY DETERMINATION

-From Meyerhof`s bearing capacity equation we have :

qult = CNCSCdC + q Nq Sqdq + 0.5BNSd

from table we have;

Nc = 14.83
Nq = 6.4
N = 2.9
Assuming square footing;
B=L=2.5m..first trial
And , = 18KN/m3
B
Shape factors; Sc=1+0.2Kp L .. Kp= tan2(45+ /2)
=tan2(45+10/2)
=2.04

Sc=1+0.2*2.04*1=1.41
B
Sq = S =1+0.1Kp L =1+0.1*2.04=1.20

Depth factors;
D
dc = 1+0.2 Kp
B
= 0.1+0.2* 2.04 *6.5/2.5 =1.75
D
dq = d = 1+0.1 Kp
B
=0.1+0.1 2.04 *6.5/2.5=1.38
Then from Meyerhof`s capacity of bearing capacity;

qult = CNCSCdC + q Nq Sqdq + 0.5BNSd

= (20*14.83*1.41*1.76)+(6.5*18*6.4*1.2*1.38)+(0.5*18*2.5*2.9*1.2*1.38)
= 736.04 + 1240.01 + 108.05
=2084.1Kpa
qall = qult / F.S ..taking a factor of safety of 3
2084.1
= 3
=694.7Kpa

The bearing capacity of the soil is 694.7Kpa

1.2.checking pressure

From the flexural formula and the assumed dimension we can calculate the actual contact
pressures.

P
i = A (1 6ey/b 6ex /a )

175.91KNm
ey = Mx /P = 3545.42 KN *1000 = 49.62mm

116 .27 KNm

ex = My/P = 3545.42 KN *1000 = 32.79mm

3545.42
1 = 2.5 * 2.5 *(1 + 6*49.62/2500 6*32.79/2500 ) = 590.07Kpa < all =694.7Kpa

3545.42
2 = 2.5 * 2.5 *(1 + 6*49.62/2500 + 6*32.79/2500 ) = 679.37Kpa < all =694.7Kpa

3545.42
3 = 2.5 * 2.5 *(1 - 6*49.62/2500 6*32.79/2500 ) = 590.17Kpa < all =694.7Kpa

3545.42
4 = 2.5 * 2.5 *(1 - 6*49.62/2500 6*32.79/2500 ) = 544.37Kpa < all =694.7Kpa

1.3. DEPTH DETERMINATION

 - PUNCHING SHEAR
The critical shear acts at d/2 distance from the face of column on four direction .

Acting shear = Resisting shear

P (0.5 + d ) ava. = 4*(0.5 + d ) *d*V

V = 0.5*fctd ( 1+50)

0.35 fck 0.35 25

fctd = = = 1.17
1.5
0.6
min = fyk =0.0013

V = 0.5*1.17 * (1+50*0.0013) *1000 = 623.15KN

ava = (1 + 2) / 2 =0.5* (590.17 + 649.37 ) = 611.91Kpa

3545.42 (0.5 + d ) * 611.91 = 4* (0.5+ d ) * d *623.15
solving this equation we will get ;

d = 681.5mm
take d = 700mm

D = d + cover using 50mm cover

D = 750mm
0.5*( 2 + w)

-WIDE BEAM SHEAR

Vw = x*L* ava.
ava. = 0.5*( 2 + w)
w - the actual stress at d distance from the face of column
w = 600.54Kpa
ava.= 0.5*(679.46+600.54)= 640.0Kpa
x = L/2 C/2 d = 2.5/2 0.5/2 0.70 = 0.3m

L = 2.5m

Vw = 0.3*2.5*640.0 = 480.0KN

VRD = 0.25*fctd*K1*K2*b*d

fctd = 1.17Mpa

K1 = 1+50 1+ 50*0.00103 = 1.1

K2 = 1.6 d = 1.6 0.7 =0.9 < 1
K2 = 1

VRD = 0.25*1.17*1.1*1*2.5*0.70 * 1000

=563.05KN > V w Okey

REINFORCEMENT
1-3 = (1 + 3)*0.5 = 0.5*( 590.170+455.07) = 522.62Kpa

2-4 =( +
2 4 )* 0.5 = 0.5 * (679.46 +544.37 ) = 611.91Kpa

-First reinforce for the y-direction ( 1-3 direction )

The critical moment for reinforcement is at the face of the column

Mmax = 1-3.*B*l2 *0.5

l= L/2 C/2 = 2.5/2 +0.5/ 2 = 1.00m

Mmax = 600*1*1.02*0.5 =300KNm

2 Msd fcd 2 * 261.31 * 10 6 11.33

= 1 1
bd 2 fcd
* fyd = 1 1
1000 * 290 2 * 11.33
* 400

 = 0.00162 > min

As = bd = 0.00162*1000*690 = 1105.21mm2

With 20, S =284.1 mm

Provide 20 c/c 280mm

For X-direction

Mmax = 2-4.*B*l2 *0.5

Mmax = 616.8*1*1.02*0.5 =308.4KNm

2 Msd fcd 2 * 308.4 * 10 6 11.33

= 1 1
bd 2 fcd
* fyd = 1 1
1000 * 273 2 * 11.33
* 400

= 0.001757 > min

As = bd = 0.001757*1000*673 == 1197.12mm2

With 20, S =262.23 mm

Provide 20 c/c 260mm

DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING.

 Design data
P1=1586.2KN P2=3502KN
MX=124.16KNm MX=125.88KNm
MY=128.72 MY=133.9KNm
C-30 Concrete and S-400 steel
Design steps

1 Area proportioning.
R=P1+P2=1586.2+3502=5088.2KN
R*X=P2*3.5+MY1+MY2
5088* X =3502*3.5+128.72+133.9
X 2.46m
a=2*(Columnsize/2+x)
=2*(0.25+2.46)
=5.42m
usea 5.5m

and b can be determined from the relation

=R/(a*b)
694.74=5088/(5.5*b)
b=1.33m
use b=1.4m

the dimensions are a=5.5m and b=1.4m

act=5088/(5.5*1.4)
=660.8Kpa 694.74Kpa ok

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAMS

DETERMINATION OF DEPTH OF FOOTING

Here two conditions will be checked

Punching failure condition

Here we need to determine the punching force at the required critical sections.
The critical section lies at 1.5d from face of column.

Punching force at column 1

Pp1=1586.2-(0.5+1.5d)*(0.5+3d)*660.8
Pp2=3502-(0.5+3d)2*660.8
Shear stress at the critical sections is given by shear force divided by shear area
at tha section.
As1=2*(0.5+1.5d+0.5+3d)*d=2*(1+4.5d)*d
As2=2*(0.5+3d+0.5+3d)*d=2*(1+6d)*d
Vp1= Pp1/ As1 and Vp2= Pp2/ As2
Vp1=(1586.2-(0.5+1.5d)*(0.5+3d)*660.8)/ ( 2*(1+4.5d)*d).1
Vp2=(3502-(0.5+3d)2*660.8)/( 2*(1+6d)*d).2
 From EBCS-2 the punching force resistance given by
VRD=.25*Fctd k1k2ud
VRD/ ud=0.25fctdk1k2
K1=1+50=1+50*0.6/400=1.07
K2=1.6-d 1.0 take k2=1.0
VRD/ ud=0.25*1.165*10^3*1.07*1
=311.643
equating 1 and 3
(1586.2-(0.5+1.5d)*(0.5+3d)*660.8)/ ( 2*(1+4.5d)*d)= 311.64
by trial and error
d=0.35m
similarly combining 2 and 3
(3502-(0.5+3d)2*660.8)/( 2*(1+6d)*d)=0.51m

Wide beam shear criteria

Critical section lies at a distance d from face of support.
From EBCS-2 The resistance is given by:
Vwd=0.25*fctdk1k2bd
=0.25*1.165*10^3*1.07*1.4*d
=436.29d4
the design values are obtained from shear force diagram by moving a distance d
from face of support.
At column 1
Vw1=1112.92-928.03d .5 and
Vw2=1387.71-436.29d 6
Combining 4 and 5
436.29d=1112.92-928.03d
d=0.82m similarly combining 4 and 6
436.29d=1387.71-436.29d
d=1.02m
from all conditions wide beam criteria governs.
use d=1.02m
D=1002+50+12
D=1065mm
REINFORCEMENT
LONG DIRECTION
TOP REINFORCEMT
M= 831.46kNm

fcd
1 2* M
fyd
1 2

bfcdd
Substituting M=831.46KNm
b=1000mm,fcd=13.6N/mm2 fyd=347.83N/mm2

=0.0025
but max=560/(700+fyd)*fcd/fyd

max=0.0202

min=0.0015
Therefore take =0.0025
As= bd=2463.07mm2

Provide 24 C/C 180mm

Bottom Reinforcement

M = 1223.098KNm

=0.0037< max

As=3707.4mm2

Provide 24 C/C 120mm

Shorter direction
Assuming that the strip at A-K is the whole column load

Q1 =P1/b=1586.2/1.4=1133KN/m

Q2=P2/b=3502/1.4=2501.43KN/m
Bending moment at face of the columns
Column-1
M=q*X12/2 =1133*0.452/2=147.35KNm

M1=147.35+124.16=271.5KNm

Column-2
M=2501.43*0.452/2 = 325.31KNm
M2=325.31+125.88=451.19KNm

Reinforcement
With M1=271.5 =0.0008< min=0.0015

As, min=1503mm2

Provide 20 C/C 200mm

With M2=451.19KNm

=0.0011< min=0.0015

Provide 20 C/C 200mm