T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

CHUYN 10 : K THUT GII BI TON IN PHN

C S L THUYT.
I. IN PHN NNG CHY.
1. MUI CLORUA:
VD 1: PNC NaCl
nc
NaCl Na + +Cl-

K () : Na + 1e
Na

A() : 2Cl- 2e
Cl
2
NaCl
dpnc
Na Cl2
2. BAZ: NaOH, KOH...
VD2: pnc NaOH
Na OH
Nc
NaOH

K () : Na 1e
Na

A() : 4OH 4e O 2H O
2 2
dpnc
4NaOH 4 Na O 2 H O
2 2
3. OXIT KIM LOI: Al2O3
VD3: pnc Al2O3
Al O 2 Al 3 3O 2
nc
2 3

K () : Al 3 3e
Al

A() : O 2 4e O
2
nc
2 Al O 4 Al 3O
2 3 2
II. IN PHN DUNG DCH.
1. N CHT
a) Quy tc catot (K)
=> Cation khng tham gia in phn : K , Na , Ca 2 , Ba 2 , Mg 2 , Al 3 => H+/H2O
tham gia in phn.

2 H O
2 H 2OH
2

2 H 2e
H
2

H 2OH (1)
2 H O 2e
2 2

Au3+ Cu 2 2e
=> Cation tham gia in phn: T Zn2+ Cu

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 1

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

b) Quy tc Anot (A)

=> Anion khng tham gia in phn: NO3 , SO42 , SO32 , CO32 ... => OH-/H2O tham gia
in phn

2 H O
2 H 2OH
2

2OH 4e
O 2H
2

O 4 H (2)
2 H O 4e
2 2
=> Anion tham gia in phn: F , Cl , Br , I ...

2Cl 2e Cl
2
2. HN HP.
a) Quy tc catot (K): Tnh OXH cng mnh th in phn trc
Th t in phn: Ag Fe3 Cu 2 H / axit Fe2 Zn2 H / H O
2
b) Quy tc Anot (A): Tnh kh cng mnh cng in phn trc
Th t in phn: I Br Cl OH / bazo OH / H O
2
C S PHNG PHP.
S dng phng php bo ton e v bo ton nguyn t v c bit dng phng
php vit s in phn.
n : s mol e trao i
e
I.t I : Cng dng in
Lu : + Nh n
e F t : thi gian in phn (s)

F=96500: hng s faraday

+ Phi nm c cm t Khi nc bt u in phn 2 in cc th ngng
in phn => c ngha l cc cht tham gia in phn ht v H2O in phn K
hoc A hoc c hai.
BI TP P DNG.
Cu 1: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng
ngn xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th
iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO 24 khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. 2b = a. B. b < 2a. C. b = 2a. D. b > 2a.
(Trch thi i hc khi B 2007)
NH HNG T DUY
K( ) : Cu 2 + 2 e Cu
CuSO
Cu 2 + SO2
d/l
a 2a a
4 4
a
a 2H O + 2e H 2OH (1)
d/l 2 2
in ly: NaCl Na + Cl
b b A( ) : 2 Cl - 2 e Cl
2
2b 2b
H O H + OH b
2
2H O - 4e O 4H (2)
2 2

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 2

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

K THUT GII
Da vo s ta nhn thy dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang
mu hng => Dung dch sau phn ng c tnh bazo
=> (2) khng xy ra => Cl( d) =>(1) in phn
2
+ 2 Cl Cu + Cl
dpdd
Cu 2

=> TQ : a 2a b 2a D

Cl (d) H2O Cl + H OH
2 2
Cch khc
dpdd dd sau lm pp Hng
CuSO + 2 NaCl Cu + Cl + Na SO NaCl phi d
4 2 2 4
2a
a
dpdd
2NaCl + 2H O Cl + H + 2NaOH b > 2a D
2 2 2

Nhn xt
Bi ny khng kh, nhng phi nm phng php gii bi ton in phn. Bi trn thy
gii hi di, nhng thy mun a ra bn cht in phn.E no nm chc in phn, ch
cn gii n gin nh th ny:
2
+ 2 Cl Cu + Cl
dpdd
Cu 2

TQ : a 2a b 2a D

Cl (d) H2O Cl + H OH
2 2
Cu 2: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32
gam Cu catt v mt lng kh X ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200
ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M
(gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l
A. 0,15M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,05M. D. 0,2M.
(Trch thi i hc khi A 2007)
NH HNG T DUY

d/l 2 K() : Cu 2 2 e Cu
CuCl2 Cu + Cl
0, 01 0, 005
in ly
H O
H + OH
A() : 2Cl 2 e Cl
2
2 0, 01
0, 005
K THUT GII
Cl + 2 NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H O n bd 0, 01 0, 2.0, 05 0, 02
2 2 NaOH
0, 01
0, 005
C bd 0,1M B
NaOH
Nhn xt
Bi ny nh ngng qu ta. Ch cn nm c bn v in phn l lm c m.
Cu 3: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch ( hiu sut in phn 100%) thu
c m kg Al catot v 67,2 m3( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16.

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 3

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2

gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 108,0. B. 67,5. C. 54,0. D. 75,6.
(Trch thi i hc khi B 2009)

NH HNG T DUY
3
K() : Al 3e
Al
nc 3 2
Al O 2Al + 3O
PTDP
2Al O
dpnc
4Al 3O 2
2 3 2 2 3
A() : 2O 4e O
2

CO2

Ca(OH)2 du
O C
X CO CaCO3
2
O
2

3000

K THUT GII
CO
2
0,1 0, 02 Ca(OH) du
3000 2 CaCO a b 0, 08 a 0, 06
X CO : a
O : b
3 28a 32b 2,32 b 0, 02
2 0, 02


0,1
CO : 600
2 BTO

n 3000 CO :1800 n 600.2 1800.1 600.2 2100(mol)
X O
O : 600 2
2

n 2800
m 2,8.27 75, 6 Kg D
Al
Nhn xt
Bi ny mt thi lm ma, lm gi v in phn, nhng hin ti by gi th ch mc Tb
ca thi THPT QG. Hs phi nm c in cc tr l than ch (C)=> C+O2 hh kh.
Bi trn hs phi tng s mol l 3000 m ch ly 0,1.
Cu 4: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v
NaCl 0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong
3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln
nht ca m l
A. 5,40. B. 1,35. C. 2,70. D. 4,05.
(Trch thi i hc khi B 2009)
NH HNG T DUY
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 4
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

CuSO d/l
Cu 2 + SO2
K( ) : Cu 2 + 2e Cu
4 4
0, 05
0, 05
2H 2 O + 2e H 2 2OH (1)
in ly NaCl
d/l
Na + Cl

0, 25 0, 25 A( ) : 2Cl 2e Cl
2
H O
H + OH
2 O2 + 4H (2)
2H 2 O - 4e

K THUT GII

CT I.t 5.3860
n n n n Cl 0, 25 Cl (d)
0, 2
e(trao i) e(nhng) e(nhn) F 96500

H2 O ch in phn K(-)
(2) khng xy ra.

K() : Cu 2 + 2 e Cu
0, 05 0,1

2H O + 2 e H 2 OH (1)
2 Al 2 OH 2H O
2AlO 3H
2 2 2 2 2
0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1

A() : 2Cl 2 e Cl
2
0, 2

m 2, 7
A
Nhn xt
lm c bi ny hc sinh cn lu : phi khng nh c H2O ch in phn K(-)
Cu 5: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt
thi gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi
dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,50. B. 3,25. C. 2,25. D. 1,25.
(Trch thi i hc khi B 2010)
NH HNG T DUY

CuSO4 Cu2 + SO2 K() : Cu2 + 2 e Cu
4
0, 2x a 2a a
in ly 0, 2x

A() : H O 4 e O 4 H
H O
H + OH 2 2
2a 2a
2 0,5a

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 5

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

K THUT GII
2
Do Y vn cn mu xanh => Y Cu
2 : 0, 2x 0,1
H

Cu
Y
H : 0, 2

m
dd
m m
Cu O
64a 16a 8 a 0,1
2

16,8
n Fe 0,3
56
Fe Y
Fe Cu 2 Fe2 Cu
m m m
KL Cu Fe(d)
0, 2x 0,1 0, 2x 0,1 0, 2x 0,1

Fe 2 H Fe2 H
2
0,1 0, 2
12, 4 64(0, 2x 0,1) 56(0,3 0, 2x) x 1, 25 D
Nhn xt
Hc sinh thng mc sai lm khng bit m m m , d on c KL sau
dd Cu O
2
phn ng phi cha Fe(d)
Cu 6: Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi
in cc tr, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi
M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th
tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 3,920. B. 5,472. C. 4,480. D. 1,680.
(Trch thi i hc khi A 2011)
NH HNG T DUY






2+ + 2 e
K(-):M M

t 0,14 0, 07

A(+):2H O - 4 e O + 4H +
2 2
2+ + SO2-
0,14
MSO M 0, 035
4 4
in ly

H O
+
H + OH
-

2

K(-): M 2+ + 2 e M

0, 0855 0,171

2t
2H 2 O + 2 e H +2OH-
2
0,109
0, 0545

A(+):2H 2 O - 4 e O + 4H +
2
0, 28
0, 07

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 6

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

K THUT GII

M2 (d)
t
n
O /A
0, 035 H O cha in phn
2
2

n =0,0545
2t H
n 0, 07 0,1245 2
M (h t) H O in phn K 2
O /A
2
2
BTe 0, 07.4 0, 0545.2 13, 68
n = =0,0855 M= - 96 = 64 M : Cu
M2 2 0, 0855
t
y = 0,07.64 = 4,48 C
Nhn xt
Cc em phi d on c dng ton t v 2t l TH1: t => H2O cha in phn K. Cn
2t th mi in phn. Bi ny cc em phi ch bi yu cu tnh khi lng KL
thi im t, nhiu em hay nhm ln 2t => B
Cu 7: in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2(in cc tr,
mng ngn xp) n khi khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn
(gi thit lng nc bay hi khng ng k). Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau
in phn l
A. KNO3v KOH. B. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
C. KNO3, KCl v KOH. D. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2.
(Trch thi i hc khi A 2011)
NH HNG T DUY

K() : Cu 2+ + 2 e Cu
d/l 2+ -
Cu(NO3 )2 Cu + 2 NO
3
0,15 0,3 0,15
0,15
0,15 0,3 2H O + 2e H + 2OH (1)
d/l 2 2
in ly KCl +
K + Cl -

0,1 0,1 0,1 A() : 2 Cl - 2 e Cl
2
0,1 0,1
H O H+ + OH- 0,1
2
2H O - 4e O + 4H (2)
2 2

K THUT GII
Cch 1: Gi s H2O cha in phn 2 cc
n 0,3 n = 0,1 => H O in phn A(+) => (1) khng xy ra, (2) xy ra
e(nhng) e(nhn) 2


2+ + 2 e
K() : Cu Cu
2x 0, 05 4x 0,1 2x 0, 05


A() : 2 Cl - 2 e
Cl
m 64(2x 0, 05) 0, 05.71 32x 10,75

2 dd
0,1 0,1
0, 05

2H O - 4 e O + 4H (2)
2
4x
2
x

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 7

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

K

2 H
x 0, 025 Cu (d) 0,15 2.0, 025 0, 05 0, 05
Dd sau in phn gm B
NO3
Cu 2

Cch 2 :
pdd
Ta nhn thy: 2 KCl + Cu(NO ) Cu + Cl 2KNO
Cu(NO ) (d)
32 2 3 32
0,1 0, 05
0, 05 0, 05 0,15 0, 05 0,1
pdd

2 Cu(NO ) + 2H O 2 Cu + O + 4HNO
32 2 2 3
2x
2x x

m 64(2x 0, 05) 0, 05.71 32x 10, 75 x 0, 025 n (d) 0,15 0, 05 0, 05 0, 05

dd Cu(NO )
32
KNO
3

DD sau in phn HNO

B
3

Cu(NO3 )2

Nhn xt
Bi ny tc gi ra qu l liu, ch cn bit s mol e nhng > s mol e nhn => Nc in
phn A => dd sau in phn cha H+ => B
Cu 8: in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO31M vi in cc tr trong t gi, cng
dng in khng i 2,68A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn
X, dung dch Y v kh Z. Cho 12,6 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu
c 14,5 gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm khduy nht ca N+5). Gi tr
ca t l
A. 1,2. B. 0,3. C. 0,8. D. 1,0.
(Trch thi i hc khi A 2012)
NH HNG T DUY

AgNO3 Ag + NO
3 K() : Ag + e Ag
0,15 x x x
in ly 0,15

+ OH A() : H O 4 e O + 4 H
H O H 2 2
2 x x
K THUT GII

3 Fe + 8 H + 2NO3 Fe2 + 2NO + 4H O
2
3 / 8x x

D on Ag (d) 0,15 x
Fe + 2 Ag Fe2 + 2 Ag
0,15 x 0,15 x 0,15 x
2
0,15 x
m m m (p) 108.(0,15 x) 56.(3 / 8x ) 14,5 12, 6 1, 9 x 0,1
KL Ag Fe 2

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 8

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

n .96500 0,1.96500
t e 3600(s) 1, 0h D
2, 68 2, 68
Nhn xt
Bi ny v in phn khng c vn g, hs cn lu phi d on c Fe d v phi
nm c m m m (p)
KL Ag Fe
Cu 9: in phn dung dchhn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl
(in cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit
hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 5,60. B. 11,20. C. 4,48. D. 22,40.
(Trch thi i hc khi B 2012)
NH HNG T DUY

Fe3 + 3Cl
d/l
FeCl3
0,1 0,3
0,1 3 + 1 e Fe2
K() : Fe

CuCl2 Cu 2 + 2 Cl 0,1 0,1 0,1


in ly 0, 2 0, 2 0, 4 Cu 2 + 2 e Cu V 5, 6 A
0, 2 0, 4 0, 2
HCl H + Cl
0,1 0,1 0,1 A() : 2Cl + 2 e Cl
2
0,5
H2O H + OH
0, 25

Nhn xt
Nm c th t in phn, v c bit phi ch khi catot bt u thot kh c ngha l
H+/ axit cha in phn
Cu 10: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr) V lt dung dch CuCl2 0,5M. Khi dng
in phn thu c dung dch X v 1,68 lt kh Cl2(ktc) duy nht anot. Ton b dung
dch X tc dng va vi 12,6 gam Fe. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,15. B. 0,80. C. 0,60. D. 0,45.
(Trch thi cao ng 2012)
K THUT GII
dpdd
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2

0, 075 0, 075
PT P V 0, 6 C
dpdd
Fe + CuCl FeCl + Cu
2 2
0, 225 0, 225
Cu 11: Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4v NaCl (hiu sut
100%, in cc tr, mng ngn xp), n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in
cc th ngng in phn, thu c dung dch X v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch
X ha tan ti a 20,4 gam Al2O3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,6. B. 50,4. C. 51,1. D. 23,5.
(Trch thi i hc khi B 2013)

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 9

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

NH HNG T DUY
CuSO d/l
Cu 2 + SO2 K( ) : Cu 2 + 2e
4 4 Cu

2H 2 O + 2e H 2 2OH (1)
d/l
in ly NaCl Na + Cl
A( ) : 2Cl 2e Cl
2
H O
H + OH
2 2H 2 O - 4e O2 + 4H (2)

K THUT GII
Cch 1: Khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn c ngha
l (1) hoc (2) xy ra

2 2 e
K(-) : Cu Cu
0,1 0, 2


TH1 : (1) x y ra (2) khng x y ra
2H O 2 e H 2 OH- (1)
2 2
0, 4 0, 4

A() : 2 Cl- - 2 e Cl
2
0, 6 0, 6
0,3

Al O 2 OH-
2AlO- H O
m 0,1.160 0, 6.58,5 51,1 C
2 3 2 2
0, 4
0, 2

Cch 2: Vit ptp

A K
TH1: 2 NaCl 2H O dpdd
Cl H 2 NaOH
2 2 2
2(0,3 x) 2(0,3 x)
0,3 x

Al O 2 NaOH 2NaAlO H O
2 3 2 2
0,3 x 2(0,3 x)
K A
dpdd
CuSO 2 NaCl Cu Cl Na SO 0,3 x 0,2 x 0,1
4 2 2 4
2x
x x
m 0,1.160 0,6.58,5 51,1 C

TH2 : CuSO 4 (d) loi





Nhn xt
Dng ton dung dch sau in phn tc dng vi Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3 hoc Zn, ZnO,
Zn(OH)2, cc em phi nhy cm l TH dung dch sau in phn thng l cha OH-.

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 10

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cu 12: in phn dung dch X cha a mol CuSO4 v 0,2 mol KCl (in cc tr, mng
ngn xp, cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, thu c 2,464 lt kh
anot (ktc) . Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng th tch kh thu c c hai
in cc l 5,824 lt (ktc) . Bit hiu sut in phn 100%, cc kh sinh ra khng tan
trong dung dch. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,15 B. 0,18. C. 0,24 D. 0,26.
(Trch thi i hc khi A 2014)
K THUT GII
TH1: thi gian t Cu2+ d



2 + 2e
K() : Cu Cu

TH : t
A() : 2 Cl 2 e Cl n 0, 24
2 e(trao i)
0, 2 0, 2
0,1

2H O - 4 e O + 4H (1)
2 0, 04
2
0, 01
TH 2: thi gian 2t Cl -khng th in phn , ch c nc in phn A v K


2 + 2 e
K() : Cu Cu
0,15 0,3 0,15

2H O + 2 e H 2OH (2)
2 2
0,18
0, 09

n 0, 48
TH : 2t e(trao i)
A() : 2 Cl 2 e Cl
a 0,15
0, 2 0, 2
2
khi
n 0, 26
0,1

2H O - 4 e O + 4H (3)
2 0, 04
2
0, 01


2H2O - 4 e O + 4H (4)
2
0, 24
0, 06
Nhn xt
Dng ton ny ta phi d on ti thi im t => Cu2+cn d => H2O cha in phn K.
Cn thi im 2t H2O 2 in cc in phn. c bit cn phi A Cl- thi im t
ht => 2t H2O in phn tip.

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 11

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cu 13: in phn dung dch hn hp CuSO4 (0,05 mol) v NaCl bng dng in c
cng khng i 2A (in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Sau thi gian t giy th ngng
in phn, thu c dung dch Y v kh hai in cc c tng th tch l 2,24 lt (ktc).
Dung dch Y ha tan ti a 0,8 gam MgO. Bit hiu sut in phn 100%, cc kh sinh
ra khng tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca t l
A. 6755 B. 772 C. 8685 D. 4825
(Trch thi cao ng 2014

NH HNG T DUY


CuSO
d/l
Cu 2 + SO2
K() : Cu 2 + 2e Cu
4 4
0, 05

0, 05 H 2OH (1)
0, 05
2H O + 2e
2 2
Na + Cl
d/l
in ly NaCl

A() : 2Cl 2e Cl
2
H O
H + OH

2 2H O - 4e O + 4H (2)
2 2
K THUT GII
2+ + 2 e
K(-):Cu Cu
0,05 0,1

2H O + 2 e H + 2 OH- (1)
2 2 + -
2x
x
2x H + OH H O
2
2x 2x


-
A(+):2Cl -2 e Cl 2 H+ + MgO Mg2+ +H O
2 0,04 2
2y 0,02
y

2H O - 4 e O + 4 H + (2)
2 2
4z 4z
z
BTe
-2x+2y+4z=0,1
x= 0,04
PT s mol khi 2.t
x+y+z=0,1 <=> y= 0,03 <=> n = 2.0,04 + 0,1=
e
=> t = 8685=> C
z= 0,03 96500
PT s mol H+
2x+0,04=4z

Nhn xt
Ta phi nhanh nhy ch spp + MgO => Sp c H+. Mt khc theo ra kh thot c
2 in cc => khng nh K(-) H2O in phn. n y ta phi d on H2O A
in phn => H+ + OH- H2O => H+ d.

Cu 14: in phn dung dch mui MSO4 (M l kim loi) vi in cc tr, cng
dng in khng i. Sau thi gian t giy, thu c a mol kh anot. Nu thi gian in
phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 2,5a mol. Gi s hiu
sut in phn l 100%, kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc. Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th vn cha xut hin bt kh catot.
B. Ti thi im 2t giy, c bt kh catot.
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 12
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

C. Dung dch sau in phn c pH < 7

D. Ti thi im t giy, ion M2+ cha b in phn ht.
(Trch thi THPT QG 2015)
NH HNG T DUY
2+

MSO M 2+ + SO2- K(-):M + 2 e M
4 4 t 4a 2a
in ly
H O
H+ + OH-
O + 4H+
A(+):2H O - 4 e
2 2
2 4a
a


K(-): M 2+ + 2 e M

3, 5a 7a 3, 5a
MSO M 2+ + SO2-
4 4 2t
in ly 2H O + 2 e H +2 OH-
2 2
H O
H + OH

+ - a a

2 0, 5a

A(+):2H 2 O - 4 e O + 4 H+
2
8a 8a
2a

K THUT GII
2+
Ti thi gian t => M cn d => loi D
Ti thi gian 2t => K xut hin bt kh => loi B
Ta nhn thy s mol H+ ln hn s mol OH-=> Dd sau p c PH < 7 => loi C
Chn A v


K(-):M 2+ + 2 e M

3,5a 7a 3,5a
2t
2H O + 2 e H +2 OH- K xut hin khi => A
2 2
0, 2a
0,1a

A(+):2H2 O - 4 e O + 4 H+
2
7, 2a
1,8a
Nhn xt
Cc em phi d on c dng ton t v 2t l TH1: t => H2O cha in phn K. Cn
2t th mi in phn. Bi ny cc em phi ch bi yu cu tnh khi lng KL
thi im t, nhiu em hay nhm ln 2t => B

Cu 15: in phn dung dch hn hp NaCl v 0,05 mol CuSO4 bng dng in mt
chiu c cng 2A (in cc tr, c mng ngn). Sau thi gian t giy th ngng in
phn, thu c kh hai in cc c tng th tch l 2,352 lt (ktc) v dung dch X.
Dung dch X ho tan c ti a 2,04 gam Al2O3. Gi s hiu xut in phn l 100%,
cc kh sinh ra khng tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca t l
A. 7720. B. 9408. C. 9650. D. 8685.
(Trch thi THPT QG 2016)

NH HNG T DUY
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 13
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

d/l 2 2 K() : Cu 2 + 2 e Cu
CuSO Cu + SO
4 4 0, 05 0,1
0, 05
0, 05 0, 05

2H O + 2e H 2OH (1)
d/l 2 2
in ly NaCl Na + Cl


A() : 2Cl 2e Cl
2
H O
H + OH
2
2H O - 4e O + 4H (2)
2 2

K THUT GII
2+
K(-):Cu + 2 e Cu

H OH H O
0,05 0,1
2
4z 4z
2H O + 2 e H + 2 OH- (1) TH 1
2 2 2AlO H O
2x 2x Al2O3 2 OH 2 2
x

0, 04
- 0, 02
A(+):2Cl -2 e Cl
2
H OH H O
2y
y 2
TH 2
2H O - 4 e O + 4 H + (2) Al O 6H 2Al3 3H O
2 2 2 3 2
4z 4z
z

TH 1:OH d
BTe
-2x+2y+4z=0,1
x= 0,03
PT s mol khi 2.t
x+y+z=0,105 <=> y= 0,07 <=> n = 2.0,03 + 0,1=
e
=> t = 7720=> A
z= 0,005 96500
PT s mol OH
4z+0,04=2x

Nhn xt
Ta phi nhanh nhy ch spp + Al2O3 => Sp c OH-. Mt khc theo ra kh thot c
2 in cc => khng nh K(-) H2O in phn. n y ta phi d on H2O A
in phn => H+ + OH- H2O => OH- d.

Cu 16: Cho 7,76 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu (t l s mol Fe : Cu = 7 : 6) tc dng vi

dung dch cha 0,4 mol HNO3 thu c dung dch Y v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht
ca N+5). Tin hnh in phn dung dch Y vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng
i I = 9,65A trong thi gian t giy, thy khi lng catot tng 4,96 gam (kim loi sinh
ra bm ht vo catt). Gi tr ca t l
A. 2000. B. 2400. C. 2337. D. 2602.
(Trch thi th Bc Giang ln 2 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Fe : 0,07
Ta c : 7,76 4HNO3 3e 3NO3 NO 2H 2O
Cu : 0,06

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 14

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cu 2 : 0,06 Cu 2 : 0,06
BTNT BTDT
Y Fe2 : a Fe2 : 0,03 m catot 0,06.64 0,02.56 4,96
Fe3 : b Fe3 : 0,04

It

BTE
n e 0,04.1 0,06.2 0,02.2 0,2 t 2000 (giy) Chn A
F
Cu 17: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,3 mol AgNO3 vi cng dng
in 2,68 A, trong thi gian t (gi) thu c dung dch X (hiu sut qu trnh in phn
l 100%). Cho 22,4 gam bt Fe vo X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v
sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 34,28 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca t l
A. 1,20. B. 0,25. C. 1,00. D. 0,60.
(Trch thi th Bc Giang ln 4 nm 2014)
K THUT GII

Ag 1e Ag
2H2O 4e 4H O2 4H NO3 3e NO 2H2O
a mol
NO3 : 0,3 0,3 a

Vy ta s c ngay : a Fe 3 2
NO : 4
NO : 2
4
0,3 a
22,4 108(0,3 a) 34,28 56. 4
2
Bo ton khi lng ta c : Chn A
a 0,12 t 1,2h
Cu 18: Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2 v KCl . Cho 80,7 gam X tan ht vo H2O thu c
dd Y. in phn dung dch Y (c mng ngn,in cc tr) n khi H2O bt u in
phn hai cc th dng in phn. Thy s mol kh thot ra anot bng 3 ln s mol
kh thot ra t catot. Ly dung dch Y cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu
c y gam kt ta. Cc phn ng hon ton. Gi tr ca y l:
A. 86,1 B.53,85 C.43,05 D.29,55
(Trch thi th Bin Ha ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Fe(NO3 )2 : a
BTKL
180a 74,5b 80,7
a 0,2
80,7 b BTE b
KCl : b n H2 6 2a 2 b b 0,6
catot

6
1
Y Fe2 : 0,1 Ag : 0,1
2
y 53,85
Cl : 0,3 AgCl : 0,3
Cu 19: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,1 mol HCl
(in cc tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit
hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48. B. 11,20. C. 5,60. D. 5,04.
(Trch thi th Chu Vn An ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Cl 0, 4

Fe3+ + 1e = Fe2+ 2Cl- - 2e = Cl2

Cu2+ + 2e = Cu 2H2O - 4e = 4H+ + O2

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 15

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

nCl2 0, 2 mol

ne nhn = 0,5 n 0,5 0, 4 0, 025 mol Chn D
O2
4
Cu 20: Cho 5,528 gam hn hp X gm Fe v Cu (nFe : nCu = 18,6) tc dng vi dung
dch cha 0,352 mol HNO3 thu c dung dch Y v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht).
Tin hnh in phn dung dch Y vi in cc tr, cng dng in I = 3,6345 A
trong thi gian t giy thy khi lng cactt tng 0,88 gam (gi thit kim loi sinh ra
bm ht vo catt).Gi tr ca t l
A. 1252. B. 797. C. 2337. D. 2602.
(Trch thi th i hc quc gia TPHCM ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII

Cu : a Cu : 0,005
Ta c : 5,528
BTKL
64a 56.18,6a 5,528 a 0,005
Fe :18,6a Fe : 0,093
Cu : 0,005
n emax 0,289 4HNO3 3e 3NO3 NO 2H 2O
Fe : 0,093
NO3 : 0, 264
2
Cu : 0,005 a b 0,093 a 0,025
n NO 0,088 Y 2
Fe : a 2a 3b 0, 254 b 0,068
Fe3 : b

mCu 0,32
mcatot 0,88 n e 0,068 0,005.2 0,01.2 0,098
mFe 0,56

It
n e 0,098 t 2602 Chn D
F
Cu 21: in phn dd CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu
catot v mt lng kh X anot . Hp th hon ton lng kh X vo 200ml dd NaOH(
nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05 M( gi thit th tch dd
khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dd NaOH l:
A. 0,15M. B. 0,2M . C.0,1M . D.0,05M .
(Trch thi th KHTN H Ni ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
NaCl : 0,005
NaOH ban.dau 0,05
0,01
n Cu 0,005 n Cl2 0,005 0,1M
NaClO : 0,005 0,2
Chn C
Cu 22: in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M vi in cc tr trong t gi, cng
dng in khng i 1,34 A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn
X, dung dch Y v kh Z. Cho 13 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c
14,9 gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Gi tr ca t l:
A. 1,0. B. 3,0. C. 2,0. D. 1,5.
(Trch thi th KHTN H Ni ln 2 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Ta c ngay : nAg nNO 0,3
3

Fe + Y hn hp kim loi Ag+ cha b in phn ht

Ag 1e Ag (a mol) 2H2O 4e 4H O2

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 16

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

nNO

0, 25a

4H NO3 3e NO H 2O suy ra 0,15 0, 25a
nFe NO3 2
2
Bo ton khi lng Kim Loi c ngay
0,15 0,25a
0,15.108 13 14,9 108a 56. a 0,1
2
It 96500.0,1
0,1 t 2 (gi) Chn C
F 1,34
Cu 23: in phn 2 lt dung dch X cha hn hp NaCl v CuSO4 vi in cc tr, c
mng ngn n khi H2O bt u in phn c hai cc th dng li. Ti catot thu 1,28
gam kim loi, ti anot thu 0,336 lt kh ktc. Gi s th tch dung dch khng i so vi
ban u. pH ca dung dch sau in phn l :
A. 1 B. 12 C. 13 D. 2.
(Trch thi th KHTN H Ni ln 3 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Catot Anot
Cu 2 2e Cu 2Cl 2e Cl2
Ta c ngay : 0,04 0,02 a
H 2O 4e 4H O2
4b b
2a 4b 0,04 a 0,01
n H 0,02 PH 2 Chn D
a b 0,015 b 0,005
Cu 24: Ha tan 2,88 gam XSO4 vo nc thu c dung dch Y. in phn dung dch
Y (vi in cc tr) trong thi gian t giy th c m gam kim loi catot v 0,007 mol
kh anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th catot thu c kim loi v tng s
mol kh ( c 2 bn in cc) l 0,024 mol. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 0,784g B. 0,91g C. 0,896g D. 0,336g
(Trch thi th KHTN H Ni ln 5 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Khi in phn t giy :
Bn Anot 2H2O 4e 4H O2 n e 4.0,007 0,028
Khi in phn t giy : n e 0,028.2 0,056
Anot Catot
2H 2O 4e 4H O 2 X 2 2e X
0,056 0,014 2H 2O 2e 2OH H 2
0,01
X l Cu m 0,014.64 0,896 Chn C
Cu 25: in phn dung dch cha x mol NaCl v y mol CuSO4 vi in cc tr, mng
ngn xp n khi nc b in phn 2 in cc th ngng. Th tch kh anot sinh ra
gp 1,5 ln th tch kh catot cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Quan h gia x v y
l :
A. x = 1,5y B. y = 1,5x C. x = 3y D. x = 6y
(Trch thi th KHTN H Ni ln 6 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
V t l s mol kh c 2 cc nn Cu2+ ht trc Cl-

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 17

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Bn catot : Bn anot: 2Cl 2e Cl ne x

2
Cu 2e Cu 2

2H 2O 2e 2OH H 2

1 1 Chn D
n H2 x
BTE
.x.2 2y x x 6y
3 3
Cu 26: in phn dung dch hn hp cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc
tr, mng ngn xp) n khi kh thot ra catot l 2,24 lt (ktc) th ngng in phn.
Dung dch to thnh ho tan ti a 4 gam MgO. Mi lin h gia a v b l:
A. 2a - 0,2 =b B. 2a = b. C. 2a < b. D. 2a = b - 0,2.
(Trch thi th KHTN Hu ln 1 nm 2014)

K THUT GII
Cu 2e Cu
2

Catot
n e 2a 0,2
2H 2 O 2e 2OH H 2

Cl 1e Cl b 2a

Anot 2H 2O 4e 4H O2 n e b 0,2
n
MgO 0,1 n H 0,2 Chn B
Cu 27: in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO4 vi in cc
tr, mng ngn xp n khi nc b in phn hai in cc th ngng in phn.
anot thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc), dung dch sau in phn ha tan 4,08 gam Al2O3. Gi
tr ln nht ca m l:
A. 30,04. B. 49,00. C. 57,98. D. 60,08.
(Trch thi th KHTN Hu ln 2 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Trng hp 1 : Al2O3 b tan bi OH- c ngay :
0,4 0,08
n Al2 O3 0,04 n OH 0,08 n Cu 0,16 CuSO4 : 0,16
2 m 72,4
n Cl 0,2 n e 0,4 NaCl : 0,4
2
Trng hp 2: Al2O3 b tan bi H+ c ngay :
O : 0, 06
n Al2 O3 0, 04 n H 0, 04.3.2 0,24 2
BTNT.oxi

Cl 2 : 0,14 m 57,98 CuSO4 : 0,26

0, 06.4 0,14.2 NaCl : 0,28
n Cu 0,26
2
Bi ny mnh ngh p n l 72,4 th mi chnh xc.
Cu 28: in phn c mng ngn vi in cc tr 400ml dung dch hn hp CuSO4 aM
v NaCl 1M vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860s. Dung dch to thnh b gim so vi
ban u 10,4g. Gi tr ca a l.
A. 0,125M B. 0,2M C. 0,129M D. 0,1M
(Trch thi th L Khit Qung Ngi ln 3 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
It 5.3860
Ta c : n e 0,2 n Cl 0,4
F 9600

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 18

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Gi s bn catot H2O b in phn :

Cu : 0,4a

BTE

BTKL
10,4 64.0,4a 2(0,1 0,4a) 0,2.35,5
H 2 : 0,1 0,4a
a 0,125 Chn A
Cu 29: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ag vi cng dng
in 3,86 A, trong thi gian t giy thu c dung dch X (hiu sut qu trnh in phn
l 100%).Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v
sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 22,7 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 3000 B. 5000. C. 3600. D. 2500.
(Trch thi th L Khit Qung Ngi ln 1 nm 2014)

K THUT GII
Ag+ + 1e = Ag 2H2O - 4e = 4H+ + O2
a a a a
0, 2 0, 25a
nH+ = a nNO = a/4 nFe ( NO3 )2
2
BT tng khi lng kim loi :
0, 2 0, 25a
0,2. 108 + 16,8 = 108a + 22,7 + 56.
2
a = 0,1 t = p n D Chn D
Cu 30: in phn (in cc tr, mng ngn xp, hiu sut 100%) dung dch cha ng
thi 0,3 mol CuSO4 v 0,1 mol NaCl , kim loi thot ra khi in phn hon ton bm
vo catot . Khi catot khi lng tng ln 12,8g th anot c V lt kh thot ra . Gi tr
ca V l :
A. 2,24 lt B. 2,8 lt C. 4,48 lt D. 5,6 lt
(Trch thi th Nguyn Hu H Ni ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
2
nCu 0, 2 0,3 Cu Cha b in phn ht ne=0,4
2Cl 2e Cl2 2H 2O 4e 4H O2
0,1 0,1 0,05 0,3 0,075
V (0,05 0,075).22, 4 2,8(lit ) Chn B
Cu 31: in phn 2 lt dung dch cha hn hp gm NaCl v CuSO4 vi in cc
tr,c mng ngn n khi H2O bt u in phn c hai cc th dng li. Ti catot thu
1,28 gam kim loi ng thi ti anot thu 0,336 lt kh(ktc). Coi th tch dung dch khng
i th pH ca dung dch sau in phn l:
A.12 B. 2 C.13 D.3
(Trch thi th Nguyn Hu H Ni ln 2 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
n Cu 0,02 n e 0,04
a b 0,015 a 0,01

Cl2 : a Chn B
BTE

n
anot 0,015 2a 4b 0,04
b 0,005 n H 4b 0,02

O 2 : b
Cu 32: Tin hnh in phn (c mng ngn xp) 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp HCl
0,02M v NaCl 0,2M. Sau khi anot bay ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc) th ngng in phn.
Th tch dung dch HNO3 0,1M ti thiu cn dng trung ho dung dch thu c sau
in phn l (coi th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k)
A. 300 ml B. 150 ml C. 200 ml D. 250 ml
(Trch thi th Nguyn Tri Hi Dng ln 2 nm 2014)
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 19
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

K THUT GII

Cu 33: in phn dung dch gm 18,8g Cu(NO3)2 v 29,8 gam KCl(in cc tr,mng
ngn).Sau mt thi gian khi lng dung dch gim 17,15 gam so vi ban u,th tch
dung dchl 400ml. Nng mol/lit cc cht trong dung dch sau in phn l:
A.CKCl 0,5M ; CKNO3 0, 25M ; CKOH 0, 25M
B.CKCl 0, 25M ; CKNO3 0, 25M ; CKOH 0, 25M
C.CKCl 0,375M ; CKNO3 0, 25M ; CKOH 0, 25M
D.CKCl 0, 25M ; CKNO3 0,5M ; CKOH 0, 25M
(Trch thi th Quc Hc Hu ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
y l bi tp kh n gin chng ta c th lm mu mc.Tuy nhin ch cn nhn qua p n
Cu(NO3 )2 : 0,1
l c.V d thy Cu2+ b in phn ht khi
KCl : 0,4
0,2NO3 0,2KNO3 KNO3
0,2
0,5 Chn D
0, 4
Cu 34: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt
thi gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi
dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,25. B. 2,25. C. 1,50. D. 3,25.
(Trch thi th S Phm H Ni ln 2 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
2+
Dung dch vn cn mu xanh Cu cha b in phn ht.
Cu : a 64a 32b 8 a 0,1
m BTE
O2 : b 2a 4b b 0, 05
x 1,25 Chn A
n FeSO4 n SO4 0,2x

Fe Y BTKL

16,8 64(0,2x 0,1) 12, 4 0,2x.56

Cu 35: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr v dng in 1 chiu cng 1A.

Kt thc in phn khi catot bt u c bt kh thot ra. trung ha dung dch sau
in phn cn dng va 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Thi gian in phn l :
A. 193s B. 96,5s C. 965s D. 1930s
(Trch thi th S Phm H Ni ln 3 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
It
ne nH 0,01 F t 965s Chn C

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 20

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cu 36: in phn dung dch hn hp gm a mol KCl v b mol CuSO4 vi in cc tr,

mng ngn xp, cho n khi dung dch va ht mu xanh th thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc)
v 500 ml dung dch c pH bng 1. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l
A. 0,0475 v 0,054 B. 0,0725 v 0,085 C. 0,075 v 0,0625 D. 0,0525 v 0,065
(Trch thi th S Phm H Ni ln 7 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Dung dch ht mu xanh ngha l Cu2+ va ht.
PH = 1 H 0,1 n H 0,5.0,1 0,05 2H2O 4e 4H O2 .
O : 0,0125
0,05 2 BTE
n e 0,125 b 0,0625
Cl2 : 0,0375 a 0,075
Chn C
Cu 39: Tin hnh in phn (vi in cc tr, hiu sut l 100%) dung dch X cha 0,02
mol CuCl2; 0,02 mol CuSO4 v 0,005 mol H2SO4 trong thi gian 32 pht 10 giy vi cng
dng in khng i l 2,5 ampe th thu c 200 ml dung dch Y. Gi tr pH ca dung
dch Y l
A. 1,78. B. 1,00. C. 0,70. D. 1,08.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Tuyn Quang ln 3 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Cl 1e Cl
It 2,5.1930
2H 2O 4e 4H O 2 H 0, 02

ne 0, 05
F 96500
0, 01 0, 01

H 0,1 B
Chn B
Cu 40: in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp 2 mui CuSO4v NaCl bng in
cc tr,c mng ngn n khi nc b in phn c 2 in cc th ngng in
phn.Dung dch sau in phn ho tan va 1,16 gam Fe3O4 v anot ca bnh in
phn c 448ml kh bay ra(ktc).Khi lng dung dch gim sau khi in phn l
A.7,10. B.1,03. C.8,60. D.2,95.
(Trch thi th Trn i Ngha ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
2
2Cl 2e Cl2 Cu 2e Cu
2H2O 4e 4H O2
n Fe3O4 0,005 nO 0,02 n H 0,04 nO2 0,01 nCl2 0,02 0,01 0,01

BTE
n e 0,01.4 0,01.2 0,06 nCu 0,03
C ngay : m m(O2 ;Cl2 ;Cu) 0,01(71 32) 0,03.64 2,95 Chn D
Cu 41: in phn dung dch hn hp cha 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl
(in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Khi catot bt u si bt kh th dng in phn. Ti
thi im ny khi lng catot tng :
A. 0,0 gam B. 5,6 gam C. 18,4 gam D. 12,8 gam
(Trch thi th Trn Ph Hi Phng ln 1 nm 2014)
K THUT GII

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 21

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cu 42: in phn vi in cc tr (H = 100%) 100 gam dung dch X cha FeCl3 16,25%;
HCl 3,65% v CuCl2 13,5% trong 1 gi 15 pht vi cng dng in khng i l 7,72
ampe thu c dung dch Y. Khi lng dung dch Y thay i th no so vi khi lng
dung dch X (bit kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc v nc bay hi khng ng k)?
A. gim 12,72 gam. B. gim 19,24 gam. C. gim 12,78 gam. D. gim 19,22 gam.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Vinh ln 2 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
FeCl3 : 0,1
It 7,72.75.60
HCl : 0,1 ne 0,36
F 96500
CuCl 2 : 0,1

Fe3 1e Fe2 (0,1) Chn B

Anot 2Cl
2e Cl
2
catot Cu 2 2e Cu(0,1)
0,36 0,18 2H 2e H (0, 03)

2

m mCl2 mCu m H2 0,18.71 0,1.64 0, 03.2 19,24

Cu 43: in phn dung dch X gm x mol KCl v y mol Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng
ngn xp), khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn thu
c dung dch Y (lm qu tm ha xanh), c khi lng gim 2,755 gam so vi khi
lng dung dch X ban u (gi thit nc bay hi khng ng k). Cho ton b lng
Y trn tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, kt thc phn ng thu c 2,32 gam kt ta.
T l x : y l
A. 3 : 4. B. 4 : 3. C. 5 : 3. D. 10 : 3.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Vinh ln 3 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Do dung dch Y lm xanh qu nn

Cl 1e Cl Cu 2 2e Cu

BTE
x 2y a
x x y 2y BTKL
2,755 35,5x 64y a
2H 2O 2e 2OH H 2 OH AgOH Ag O
2 n Ag2 O 0,01
a a a 0,5a
a 0, 02
x 10
C ngay : x 0, 05 Chn D
y 0, 015 y 3

Cu 44: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,3 mol AgNO3 bng cng dng
in 2,68 ampe, trong thi gian t (gi) thu c dung dch X. Cho 22,4 gam bt Fe vo
dung dch X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) thu c 34,28 gam cht
rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca t l
A. 1,25. B. 1,40. C. 1,00. D. 1,20.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Vinh ln 3 nm 2014)
K THUT GII
Chn p n D

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 22

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Ag 1e Ag 2H2O 4e 4H O2 NO3 : 0,3

0,3 a
a(mol) a Fe 3 2
NO : 4
NO : 2
4
Bo ton khi lng ta c ngay :
0,3 a
22,4 108(0,3 a) 34,28 56. 4
2
a 0,12 t 1,2h

ChnD

Cu 45: Tin hnh in phn (in cc tr, mng ngn xp) mt dung dch cha m
gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl cho ti khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc
th dng li. anot thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc). Dung dch sau in phn c th ha
tan ti a 0,68g Al2O3. Gi tr m c th l gi tr no sau y?
A. 11,94 gam B. 4,47 gam C. 8,94 gam D. 9,28 gam
(Trch thi th Lng 1 ln 2 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
Nhn thy dung dch sau in phn c th ha tan Al2O3 dung dch sau phn ng hoc
cha ion H+hoc cha ion OH-
Nu dung dch sau phn ng cha ion H+ bn anot sinh ra kh O2 v Cl2-
nH2+ = 6n Al2O3 = 0,04 mol n O2 = n H+ : 4 = 0,01 mol n Cl2 = 0,02 0,01 = 0,01
mol n NaCl = 0,02 mol
Bo ton electron 2nCu = 4nO2 + 2nCl2 nCu = nCuSO4 = 0,03 mol
m= mCuSO4 + mNaCl = 5,97 gam
TH2: Dung dch sau phn ng cha ion OH- bn anot ch sinh ra kh Cl2.
nOH- = 2nAl2O3 = 1/75 mol nH2 = 1/50 mol
nCl2 = 0,02 mol nNaCl = 0,04 mol
Bo ton electron 2.nCuSO4 = 2nCl2 - 2nH2 nCuSO4= 1/75mol
m = mCuSO4 + mNaCl = 1/75 .160 + 0,04.58,5= 4,473.=>B

Cu 46: in phn dung dch m gam mui AgNO3 vi cng dng in I (ampe), sau
thi gian t (giy) th AgNO3 in phn ht, ngt dng in, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton ta thu c 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm NO2 v O2, dung dch Y v kim
loi Ag. Gi tr ln nht ca m l:
A. 34,0. B. 68,0. C. 42,5. D. 51,0.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Bc Liu nm 2015)
K THUT GII
2H 2O 4e 4H O 2

O : 0, 05(mol)
Ta c : Ag 1e Ag n O2 a n NO2 2a 2
2H NO e NO H O NO2 : 0,1(mol)
3 2 2

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 23

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Ht sc ch : Nu nh Anot l in cc tr th ta s c cch gii bi ton nh trn v

mAgNO3 0, 2(108 62) 34(gam) .Tuy nhin,bi hi gi tr ln nht c th c ca m ta phi
hiu Anot lm bng Ag (tan) v khi lc u xy ra
Ag-1e=Ag+ (Ag trong in cc Anot b tan )

+
Ag +1e=Ag (Ag trong AgNO3 )
Sau khi Ag ln trong Anot b tan ht th mi xy ra 2H2O 4e 4H O2 .Do khi lng
m s ph thuc vo hm lng Ag b ln trong Anot.Vi cc d kin ca bi ton ny th ta
khng th tnh chnh xc c m l bao nhiu m ch chn p n c m ln nht trong 4 p
n.(Trong thc t Ag tan ra Anot sau li c to thnh Catot,iu ny c ng dng
tinh ch kim loi,m in)
Cu 47: in phn 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 2M vi in cc tr trong t giy, cng
dng in khng i 1,93A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht
rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z. Cho 16,8 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc
thu c 15,99 gam hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5).
Gi tr ca t l
A. 5000. B. 4820. C. 3610. D. 6000.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Bo Lc nm 2015)
K THUT GII
V c hn hp kim loi nn mui sau cng l : Fe(NO3)2
n NO3 0, 4
0, 4 a
Ta c :
BTNT.N
n Fe(NO3 )2
n NO a n H n e 4a
in phn
2
0, 4 a
BTKL
0, 2.64 16,8 15,99 2a.64 56 a 0, 0241
Fe Cu
2
1,93.t
n e 0, 0964 t 4820(s)
96500
Cu 48: in phn (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn) dung dch cha x mol CuSO4 v y
mol NaCl (x<y) bng dng in mt chiu c cng 2,68A, sau thi gian t (gi), thy
khi lng dung dch gim 18,95 gam, thu c dung dch Y. Thm tip lng d Al
vo dung dch Y, thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch sau phn ng cha 2
cht tan c s mol bng nhau. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 3,5 B. 5 C. 4,5 D. 4,0
(Trch thi th S GD Nam nh nm 2015)
K THUT GII
+ Cho Al vo c n H2 0,15(mol) bay ra Dung dch sau in phn c NaOH v Cu2+ ht.
BTNT.Al BTE
+ Hai cht tan l : n NaAlO2 n Na2SO4 x(mol) 3x 0,15.2 x 0,1
Cu : 0,1
CuSO 4 : 0,1(mol) Catot n e 0,2 2a
2
H : a(mol)
+ Vy Cl 2 : 0,15
NaCl : 0,3(mol) anot
BTE 0,2 2a 0,3 2a 0,1
O2 :
4

4
2a 0,1
+ Ta BTKL
0,1.64 2a 0,15.71 32 18,95 a 0,15
4
2,68.t
+ Vy n e 0,5 t 5(h) => Chn p n B
F
Ch : Trng hp dung dch sau in phn c axit d dng suy ra v l ngay v
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 24
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cht tan cui cng l : n Al2 (SO4 )3 n Na2SO4 x y (v l)

Cu 49: in phn 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 vi in cc tr, I = 20A cho n khi catot
bt u c kh thot ra th ngng. trung ha dung dch sau in phn cn dng va
800 ml NaOH 1M. Nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 v thi gian in phn l:
A. 1,6 M; 3860 giy B. 3,2 M; 360 giy C. 0,4 M; 380 giy D. 0,8 M; 3860 giy
(Trch thi th Chuyn L Khit Qung Ngi ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
Catot bt u c kh ngha l Ag+ va b in phn ht.
Ta c : n OH 0,8
BTDT
n H 0,8 n Ag 0,8
0,8
AgNO3 0,5 1, 6M
=> A
n 0,8 t
It 96500.0,8
3860(s)
e F 20
Cu 50: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v
NaCl 0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong
3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ha tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln
nht ca m l:
A. 1,35. B. 2,70 C. 4,05 D. 5,40.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Quc Hc Hu ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
It 5.3860 n Cl 0,5.0,1.2 0,5.0,5 0,35(mol)

Ta c : n e 0, 2(mol) v
F 96500 n Cu 2 0, 05

D thy Cl cn d :

BTE
n e 2n Cu2 n OH n OH 0,1
BTDT
n AlO 0,1
BTNT.Al
m 2,7(gam)
2

Cu 51: in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt
thi gian thu c dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi
dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l :
A. 1,25. B. 2,25. C. 3,25. D. 1,5.
(Trch thi th Chuyn S Phm 1 H Ni ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
Dung dch vn cn mu xanh ngha l Cu2+ cha b in phn ht.
Cu : a(mol)
BTKL
64a 32b 8 a 0,1
Khi lng gim l BTE
O2 : b(mol) 2a 4b b 0, 05
BTKL(Cu Fe)
V 0, 2x.64 16,8 0,1.64 12, 4 0, 2x.56 x 1, 25M
Cu 52: in phn (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn) m gam dung dch cha 0,1 mol
FeCl3 v 0,15 mol HCl vi cng dng in khng i 1,92A. sau thi gian t gi th
dung dch thu c sau in phn c khi lng (m-5,156)gam. Bit trong qu trnh
in phn nc bay hi khng ng k. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 2,5 B. 2,0 C. 3,0 D. 1,5
(Trch thi th Chuyn Vinh ln 2 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
D thy khi lng gim l khi lng ca Clo v Hidro.
2a 0,1
Ta c : n Cl2 a n e 2a BTE
n H2
2
BTKL
71a 2a 0,1 5,156 a 0,072(mol)

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 25

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

It 0,144.96500
ne t 7200(s) 2(h)
F 1,93
Cu 53: Ha tan hon ton m gam MSO4 (M l kim loi) vo nc thu c dung dch
X. in phn dung dch X (in cc tr, hiu sut 100%) vi cng dng in 7,5A
khng i, trong khong thi gian 1 gi 4 pht 20 giy, thu c dung dch Y v khi
lng catot tng a gam. Dung dch Y tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch cha KOH
1M v NaOH 1M, sinh ra 4,9 gam kt ta. Coi ton b lng kim loi sinh ra u bm
ht vo catot. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l
A. 24 v 9,6. B. 32 v 4,9. C. 30,4 v 8,4. D. 32 v 9,6.
(Trch thi th Chuyn Vinh ln 3 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
It 7,5.3860
+ Ta c : n e 0,3(mol) n H 0,3(mol)
F 96500
0, 4 0,3 4,9
+ C nOH 0, 4 n M(OH)2 0,05 M 17.2 Cu
2 0,05
+ V BTE
a 0,15.64 9,6(gam)
BTNT.Cu
m 0,2.(64 96) 32(gam)
Cu 54: in phn dung dch m gam mui AgNO3 vi cng dng in I (ampe), sau
thi gian t (giy) th AgNO3 in phn ht, ngt dng in, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton ta thu c 3,36 lt (ktc) hn hp kh X gm NO2 v O2, dung dch Y v kim
loi Ag. Gi tr ln nht ca m l:
A. 34,0. B. 68,0. C. 42,5. D. 51,0.
(Trch thi HSG Thi Bnh nm 2015)
K THUT GII
2H 2O 4e 4H O 2

O : 0, 05(mol)
Ta c : Ag 1e Ag n O2 a n NO2 2a 2
2H NO e NO H O NO2 : 0,1(mol)
3 2 2

Ht sc ch : Nu nh Anot l in cc tr th ta s c cch gii bi ton nh trn v

mAgNO3 0, 2(108 62) 34(gam) .Tuy nhin,bi hi gi tr ln nht c th c ca m ta phi
hiu Anot lm bng Ag (tan) v khi lc u xy ra
Ag-1e=Ag+ (Ag trong in cc Anot b tan )

+

+
Ag +1e=Ag (Ag trong AgNO3 )
Sau khi Ag ln trong Anot b tan ht th mi xy ra 2H2O 4e 4H O2 .Do khi lng
m s ph thuc vo hm lng Ag b ln trong Anot.Vi cc d kin ca bi ton ny th ta
khng th tnh chnh xc c m l bao nhiu m ch chn p n c m ln nht trong 4 p
n.(Trong thc t Ag tan ra Anot sau li c to thnh Catot,iu ny c ng dng
tinh ch kim loi,m in)
Cu 55: Tin hnh in phn dung dch X cha Cu(NO3)2 v 0,12 mol KCl bng in
cc tr, mng ngn xp trong thi gian t giy thu c dung dch Y v 1,792 lt kh
thot ra anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy, tng th tch kh thu c c 2
cc l 3,36 lt. Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch Y, kt thc phn ng thy kh NO
thot ra (sn phm kh duy nht) v 0,75m gam hn hp rn. Cc kh o ktc. Nhn
nh no sau y l ng?
A. Gi tr ca m l 4,16 gam.
B. S mol Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch X l 0,16 mol.
C. S mol ca O2 thot ra anot trong thi gian 2t giy l 0,08 mol.
D. Gi tr m khng tha so vi yu cu bi.
(Trch thi HSG Thi Bnh nm 2015)
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 26
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

K THUT GII
Anot: 2Cl- - 2e -> Cl2
2H2O - 4e -> 4H+ + O2
Catot: Cu2+ + 2e -> 2OH- + H2
Ts: ne trao i = 0,12 + 0,02.4 = 0,2
2Ts -> ne trao i = 0,4 mol
Sau 2ts: nO2 = (0,4-0,12)/4 = 0,07
=>nH2 = 0,02 => nCu2+ (ban u) = (0,4 - 0,02.2)/2 = 0,18 => p n A
Cu 56: in phn dung dch cha x mol NaCl v y mol CuSO4 vi in cc tr, mng
ngn xp n khi nc b in phn 2 in cc th ngng. Th tch kh anot sinh
ra gp 1,5 ln th tch kh catot cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Quan h gia x v
y l:
A. y = 1,5x B. x = 3y C. x = 1,5y D. x = 6y
(Trch thi Chuyn H Long ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
Do catot xut hin kh nn catot nc b in phn trc
+ Catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2H2O +2e 2OH- + H2
+ anot : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
Do V anot = 1,5 Vcatot => nH2 = x/3 mol
=> n e trao i = x = 2x/3 +2y
=>x=6y =>D
Cu 5 7 : in phn 200ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 xM; KCl yM (in cc tr,
mng nng) n khi nc bt u in phn c 2 u in cc th dng li. Dung
dch sau in phn c khi lng gim 14 gam so vi dung dch ban u v dung dch
ny ha tan ti a 3,96 gam Zn(OH)2. Bit thi gian in phn l
19300 giy. Gi tr ca x, y, cng dng in l:
A. 0,6M; 0,8M; 1,2A B. 1M; 1,5M; 1A C. 1M;2M; 2A D. 0,6M;2M;2A
(Trch thi Chuyn Nguyn Hu ln 2 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
+/ TH1 : Nu Zn(OH)2 b OH- ha tan th:
+ Anot : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
+ Catot : Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2H2O + 2e 2OH- + H2
=> n OH- = 2n Zn(OH)2 = 0,04.2 = 0,08 mol
=> n e trao i = 0,2y = 0,4x + 0,08
V m gim = 71. 0,1y + 64. 0,2x + 0,04.2 = 14 g
=> x = 0,41 ; y = 1,22 khng c p n ph hp => Loi
+/TH2 : Nu Zn(OH)2 b H+ ha tan th:
+ Anot : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
2H2O O2 + 4e + 4H+
+ Catot : Cu2+ + 2e Cu
=> n H+ = 2n Zn(OH)2 = 0,04.2 = 0,08 mol
=> n e trao i = 0,4x = 0,2y + 0,08
V m gim = 71. 0,1y + 64. 0,2x + 0,02.32 = 14 g
Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 27
 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

=> x = 0,6 M ; y = 0,8 M =>A

Cu 58: Cho mt dng in c cng khng i i qua 2 bnh in phn mc ni
tip. Bnh 1 cha 500 ml dung dch CuSO4(in cc tr), bnh 2 cha 100 ml dung dch
hn hp AgNO3 0,2M; Cu(NO3)2 0,3M, Fe(NO3)3 0,1M (in cc tr). Sau mt thi
gian ngt dng in, thy bnh 1 c pH =1 v catot ca bnh 2 tng thm m gam. Bit
th tch dung dch khng thay i trong sut qu trnh in phn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,72. B. 2,16. C. 3,44. D. 2,80.
(Trch thi Th Hunh Thc Khng Kin Giang nm 2015)
K THUT GII
Cu 59: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,3 mol AgNO3 bng cng dng
in 2,68 ampe, trong thi gian t gi thu c dung dch X. Cho 22,4 gam bt Fe vo
dung dch X thy thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) thu c 34,28 gam cht
rn. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca t l
A. 1,25. B. 1,0. C. 1,2. D. 1,4.
(Trch thi Th Lam Kinh Ngh An ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
Khi lng rn sau phn ng = 34,28g => mAg = 0,3*108 = 32,4
=> AgNO3 cn d sau in phn 2
AgNO3 + H2O ---> 2 Ag + 0,5 O2 + 2 HNO3x
---------------------x------------------x
Dung dch sau phn ng gm AgNO3 d 2y mol v HNO3 x mol
Fe + 2 AgNO3 --- Fe(NO3)2+ 2 Ag
y---------------2y---------y3
Fe + 8 HNO3 ----> 3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2 NO + 4 H2O3
x/8------x
s mol AgNO3 : x + 2y = 0,3
khi lng rn = 108*2y + 22,4 - 56*(y + 3x/8) = 34,28
=> x = 0,12 v y = 0,09

Thi gian t = 0,12*26,8*1/2,68 = 1,2 gi

=> p n C
Cu 60: in phn nng chy Al2O3 anot than chu %H=100% , cng dng in
150000A, thi gian 1 gi thu c hn hp kh X anot c t khi so vi H2 bng 16.
Ly 2,24l X sc vo nc vi trong d c 2g kt ta . khi lng than ch b t chy
anot gn nht vi gi tr no nht:
A. 18,00 kg B. 24,00 kg C. 19,20 kg D. 21,60 kg
(Trch thi Th Nguyn Tt Thnh H Ni ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
2Al2O3 4Al+3O2
C+O2 CO2
2C+O2 2CO
X Gi S gm CO,CO2,O2 d
n e trao i = 5600 mol
=> nO2 phn ng = 0,25 n e =1400 mol ( Do 2O2- O2 + 4e)
Trong 2,24l X t nCO = x mol ; nO2 = y mol
Ly 2,24l X sc vo nc vi trong d c 2g kt ta . => nCO2= 0,02 mol => x + y = 0,08
mol
mX= . 0,1 = 3,2g => 28x + 32y = 2,32g => x= 0,02 mol ; y= 0,06 mol
=>nCO =nCO2
=> sau qu trunh in phn ban u c

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 28

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

0,5 nCO + nCO2 = nO2 phn ng =1400 mol => nCO =nCO2= 933,3 mol
=> mC= 12.( nCO +nCO2) = 22400g=22,4 kg => Chn D
Cu 61: in phn dung dch X cha m gam hn hp NaCl v CuSO4 (in cc tr,
mng ngn xp) n khi nc bt u in phn c hai in cc thu ngng in
phn, thu c dung dch Y c khi lng gim 2,755 gam so vi khi lng dung
dch X. Dung dch Y phn ng ti a vi 1,56 gam Al(OH)3. Bit hiu sut in phkn
100%, nc bay hi khng ng k. Gi tr ca m l
A.6,026. B. 6,686. C. 5,325. D. 8,875.
(Trch thi Th Nguyn Th Minh Khai H Ni ln 1 nm 2015)
K THUT GII
anot:
catot: ; ,
TH1: nc in phn catot trc tc l lc ny >2 ln v dd lc ny c
n =0.06 nn n bay i=0.03,m = 2.755-0.03*32 = 1.795
n = 359/27000 nn m = 359/27000*160+58.5*(0.06+359/270000 = 6.41
Th2: nc in phn anot tr lc ny
v dd y c
n =0.02
nn n bay i = 0.01 m b in phn = 547/27000
m = 547/27000*2*58.8+160*(0.01+547/27000) = 6.026 => A
Cu 62: Dung dch X cha m gam cht tan gm Cu(NO3)2 ( mCu ( NO3 )2 5 gam) v NaCl. in
phn dung dch X vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp vi cng dng in khng i. Sau thi
gian t giy th thu c dung dch Y cha m - 18,79 gam cht tan v c kh thot ra catot. Nu
thi gian in phn l 2t giy th thu c dung dch Z cha a gam cht tan v hn hp kh T
cha 3 kh v c t khi hi so vi hidro la 16. Cho Z vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol FeCl2 v 0,2
mol HCl th thu c dung dch cha a + 16,46 gam cht tan v c kh thot ra. Tng gi tr m +
a l
A. 73,42 B.72,76 C.74,5 D.76,24
Hng Dn :B
Cu NO3 2 : x

NaCl : y
Sau thi gian t giy
catot
Cu 2 2e Cu

x 2x
2 e
2 H 2O H 2 2OH
2 z z 2z

Anot:
2Cl
Cl2 2e
(2 x 2 z )
(2 x 2 z )
64 x 71x 71z 2 z.17 18,79 135x 37 z 18,79
t.s ne 2 x 2 z
Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th
2t.s ne 4 x 4 z
catot

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 29

 T duy sng to phng php gii chinh phc 8,9,10 im THPT QG nm 2017

Cu 2 2e Cu

x 2x
2 e
2 H 2O H 2 2OH
2 x 4 z
x 2 z
2x 4z

Anot:
2Cl Cl2 2e

y y
y
2

H 2O
O2 4H 4e
4x 4z y
4x 4z y 4x 4z y
4

hn hp kh T cha 3 kh v c t khi hi so vi hidro la 16

y
Cl2 : 2

4x 4z y 35,5 y 32 x 32 z 8 y 2 x 4 z
T : O2 : M 8
4 8 x 12 z y
H2 : x 2z


34 x 27,5 y 36 z 64 x 96 z 8 y 30 x 60 z 19,5 y 0
dung dch Z cha a gam cht tan
H OH H 2O
NO3 : 2 x
FeCl2 : 0,1 y 2 x y 2x
Na : y

OH : y 2 x HCl : 0, 2 3Fe 4 H
2
NO3 3Fe3 NO 2 H 2O
0,1 0, 2 2 x y
2x
0, 2 3,1 31x 15,5 y 17 y 34 x 3,54 1,5 y 3x 0, 24
135 x 37 z 18, 79 x 0,12

30 x 60 z 19,5 y 0 z 0, 07
1,5 y 3x 0, 24 y 0, 4

m 188x 58,5 y 45,96.g
NO3 : 2 x 0, 24

Z : Na : y 0, 4 a 26,8 a m 72, 76.g
OH : y 2 x 0,16

Bin son: Nguyn Vn X 30