Winnipeg Airport Economy Report

FINAL REPORT
Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson

International Airport (YWG)
2016 Economic Impact Study
Photo Credit: WAA Photo Credit: WAA Photo Credit: Gerry Kopelow
PREPARED FOR
Winnipeg Airports Authority (WAA)
PREPARED BY
InterVISTAS Consulting Inc.
19 April 2017
Executive Summary
Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (YWG or Winnipeg International Airport)
contributes significantly to employment and economic development in both the local community and
throughout the Province of Manitoba. This study examines the current economic impacts generated from
the airports operations, based on a review of the business in 2016.
Economic impact is a measure of the spending and employment associated with a sector of the economy,
a specific project, or a change in government policy or regulation. In this case, economic impact refers to
the economic contribution associated with the ongoing activities of Winnipeg International Airport. The
1
three major components of economic impact are classified as direct, indirect and induced impacts.
Together, they provide a snapshot of how the business of the airport can impact the local and provincial
economy.
YWG is an economic mainstay for the city of Winnipeg and the province as a whole. The airports impact
2
is reflected in the 9,550 direct full-time equivalents (FTEs) of employment that are supported or facilitated
by the airport and the $460 million in direct wages paid. YWGs direct employment impact has grown 5%
since the prior study conducted in 2012. Including indirect and induced impacts, YWG generated a total of
16,100 FTEs of employment and $830 million in total wages throughout the province in 2016.
The economic impact of Winnipeg Richardson International Airport

includes 9,550 direct FTEs of employment and $460 million in direct wages,
reflecting a growth in direct FTE of 5% since 2012.
1
Direct impacts account for the economic activity of the target sector itself. Indirect impacts are those that result because of the
direct impacts, which involves employment in downstream industries that arise from the presence of YWG. Induced employment is
generated from expenditures by individuals employed directly or indirectly by the airport.
2
FTE = full-time equivalent of employment. For purposes of this study, one full-time equivalent of employment corresponds to 1,832
hours of work annually. See Appendix C for further details.
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 i
Ongoing Economic Impacts
The current economic impact of YWG, which includes the Ongoing Economic
impact related to the airports ongoing operations, is
3
summarized in Figure ES-1. Direct economic impact
Impacts of YWG
measures the employment and economic impact directly
associated with the airport. This includes employment of
all tenants located at YWG and also relevant employment
Annual Direct Impacts:
of firms that are located off airport. Indirect and induced 10,270 jobs
impacts are multiplier impacts in the wider economy
stimulated by the airports activities (e.g., other 9,550 full-time equivalents
businesses that supply goods and services to the airport
and spending by airport employees).
4 $460 million in wages
$830 million in gross
Emphasis is placed on the direct economic impacts as
these are based on data from the employer survey and domestic product (GDP)
are clearly identifiable. The multiplier impacts are derived $2,330 million in economic
from Statistics Canada data and are therefore less
definite.
output
The direct impacts of YWG in 2016 are estimated to be 9,550 direct FTEs or person years of
employment, earning approximately $460 million in direct wages. Direct employment generates $830
million in direct GDP and $2,330 million in direct economic output annually.
Total impacts are calculated by adding together the direct, indirect and induced impacts. Including indirect
and induced multiplier impacts, current economic impacts of YWG include a total of 17,130 jobs or 16,100
FTEs. Total wage of all employees amounts to $830 million in wages. Furthermore, YWGs operations
contributed an estimated $1,540 million and $3,370 million in total GDP and total economic output,
5
respectively, to the provincial economy.
3
The results of this study are based on a review of 2016 operations.
4
Multiplier impacts must be interpreted with caution since they may be illusory when the economy experiences high employment
and output near industry capacity.
5
The indirect and induced economic impacts are calculated using the latest available Statistics Canada multipliers for the province
of Manitoba (2010). It is note that these multipliers produce lower indirect and induced impacts compared to the 2008 Statistics
Canada multipliers used in the previous YWG economic impact study. Statistics Canadas current multipliers, which are derived
from the Input-Output Model reflects a more open economy in Canada where there is increased globalization and productivity
improvements. Over the long term, it is anticipated that multiplier impacts will decline over time. The multiplier impacts of the current
direct employment at YWG using the 2008 multipliers would yield total economic impact of 21,380 jobs (19,890 FTEs), with an
associated total income of $970 million, a total GDP of $1.89 billion and a total economic output of $4.45 billion.
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 ii
Figure ES-1: Ongoing Economic Impact of Winnipeg Richardson International Airport, 2016
Employment Wages GDP Output

Impact ($ Millions) ($ Millions) ($ Millions)
Jobs FTEs
Direct 10,270 9,550 $460 $830 $2,330
Indirect 4,370 4,070 $250 $410 $580
Induced 2,670 2,480 $120 $290 $450
Total 17,310 16,100 $830 $1,540 $3,370
Note: Totals may not sum due to rounding.
The direct economic impact of ongoing operations in 2016 has grown since 2012. Direct jobs at the
airport increased by 6%, while direct FTEs rose by 5% from about 9,070 to 9,550 between 2012 and
2016. Figure ES-2 and Figure ES-3 summarize employment growth between 2012 and 2016. The growth
in direct employment at YWG was driven primarily by airlines and related support services.
Figure ES-2: Direct Employment Levels from YWG Ongoing Operations, 2012 vs. 2016
12,000
10,270
9,670 9,550
10,000
9,070
Direct Employment
8,000
6,000
2012
2016
4,000
2,000
0
Jobs FTEs
Year
Note: Figures are rounded.
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 iii
Figure ES-3: Direct FTEs of Employment at YWG by Category, 2012 vs. 2016
2012 2016 % Change

Business Category FTEs FTEs Difference
(2016 vs. 2012)
Passenger Carrier 1,410 1,550 140 10%

Cargo Carrier 100 230 130 130%
6
Other 200 290 90 45%
Aerospace Industry 3,530 3,610 80 2%
Customs Broker/Freight Forwarder 180 260 80 44%
Aircraft Ground Handling 180 260 80 44%
Hotel 380 440 60 16%
Security Firm 310 360 50 16%
Aviation Parts Supplier 10 50 40 400%
Government Agency 190 230 40 21%
Courier 670 690 20 3%
Caterer 30 40 10 33%
Airport Retail/Restaurant 230 240 10 4%
Fuelling Company 90 100 10 11%
Aviation Related Training 20 20 0 0%
Car Rental 140 130 -10 -7%
Air Traffic Control 390 370 -20 -5%
Facility Operator 180 160 -20 -11%
Ground Transportation 250 170 -80 -32%
Trucking/Cargo 580 370 -210 -36%
Grand Total 9,070 9,550 490 5%
6
Employment by other businesses primarily involves consulting and miscellaneous services firms.
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 iv
Annual Tax Contributions
YWG is also an important generator of taxation Annual Tax Impact of
revenues to all levels of government. Total taxes
paid on an annual basis, by airport employers and
YWG
employees, are estimated at $220 million per year.
Approximately 6% of taxes was paid by air
passengers, 90% was paid by the airport employers
Total Tax Contribution:
and their employees, and the remaining 4% by WAA. $245 million
The majority of taxes accrue to the federal
government at 67% overall, while the provincial Federal Government:
government receives 30% of tax revenue generated
by YWG. The municipal government also benefits $164 million (67% of total)
from YWG through the collection of property taxes
amounting to over $6 million paid by YWG and its
tenants. Provincial Government:
Figure ES-4 provides a summary of the taxes $74 million (30% of total)
collected.
Municipal Government:
$6 million (3% of total)
Figure ES-4: Estimated Annual Tax Revenues from YWG, 2016
Note: Taxation impacts are based on 2016 tax rates.
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 v
Contents
Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... i
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Winnipeg Richardson International Airport .................................................................... 1
1.2 Airport Milestones in 2016 .............................................................................................. 5
1.3 Industry and Economy of Manitoba................................................................................ 5
1.4 Economic Impact of YWG .............................................................................................. 7
2 Methodology......................................................................................................... 10
2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 10
2.2 Estimating Current Economic Impacts ......................................................................... 10
2.3 Surveying Direct Employment ...................................................................................... 11
2.4 Inferring Employment ................................................................................................... 11
2.5 Estimating Indirect and Induced Impacts with Economic Multipliers and Ratios ......... 12
2.6 Jobs vs. Full-Time Equivalents .................................................................................... 12
2.7 Estimating Tax Revenue Impacts ................................................................................ 13
3 Direct Impacts of Airport Operations.................................................................. 14
3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Direct Employment and Wages.................................................................................... 14
3.3 Direct Full-time, Part-Time, Seasonal and Contract Employment ............................... 15
3.4 Direct Employment by Occupation ............................................................................... 16
3.5 Comparison of Employment: 2012 vs. 2016 ................................................................ 19
3.6 Direct Gross Domestic Product and Economic Output ................................................ 21
4 Indirect and Induced Impacts of Airport Operations ......................................... 22
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 22
4.2 Limitations of Economic Multipliers .............................................................................. 22
4.3 Indirect Impacts ............................................................................................................ 23
4.4 Induced Impacts ........................................................................................................... 23
4.5 Total Provincial Impacts ............................................................................................... 24
5 Tax Impacts .......................................................................................................... 25
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Summary of Tax Contributions by Level of Government ............................................. 26
6 Summary of Economic Impact Results .............................................................. 28
6.1 Ongoing Economic Impacts ......................................................................................... 28
6.2 Annual Tax Contribution ............................................................................................... 28
Appendix A: Employment Survey ........................................................................... 30
Appendix B: Sample Survey ................................................................................... 33
Appendix C: Calculation of Full-time Equivalent or Person Years of Employment38
Appendix D: Summary of Direct Jobs and Person Years ..................................... 39
Appendix E: Inferred Employment ......................................................................... 40
Appendix F: Contract Employment ........................................................................ 41
Appendix G: Tax Revenues Attributable to Airport Employers ............................... 42
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 vi
Appendix H: Tax Revenues Attributable to Airport Users .................................... 46
Appendix I: Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 49
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 vii
1 Introduction
Winnipeg Airports Authority (WAA) commissioned InterVISTAS Consulting Inc. to conduct an economic
impact study of Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (YWG), based on its
operations in 2016. The purpose of this study is to document the economic contribution of the airport, its
airlines and their partner businesses to the community and the province. Similar economic impact studies
were previously conducted for YWG by InterVISTAS in 2012 and 2009.
WAA is a community-based, non-share capital

corporation that operates, manages, maintains
and invests in YWG. Control of YWG was
transferred from the federal government to WAA
in January 1997.
1.1 Winnipeg James

Armstrong Richardson
International Airport
YWG is a major contributor to the Manitoba
economy generating employment in sectors
such as air services, facilities, hospitality,
manufacturing and ground. YWG provides
Economic impact studies can help convey
essential infrastructure that links Winnipeg and the significance of YWG to the local
other Manitoba communities to cities around the economy and the Province of Manitoba.
world, making it an important component of
Canadas trade and commerce with other
countries. YWG completed its new air terminal
building in 2012 and was subsequently selected
by the Travel Channel as one of the worlds most iconic airports, recognized alongside airports in
Morocco, Spain, France and Singapore. In 2015, YWG became the first Canadian airport to attain LEED
7
Silver certification.
As the only commercial international airport in the province, YWG is both a trade and travel gateway to
areas within Manitoba as well as areas within neighbouring provinces, territories and beyond. YWG is
8
Canadas number one airport for scheduled freighter flights with 24-hour all-weather reliable operations.
9
In 2015, YWG accommodated an average of 300 cargo landings each month, with approximately
10
US$250 million in exports and US$1,260 million in imports travelling through the airport annually.
YWG also supports significant passenger service, with over four million enplaned/deplaned passengers
utilising the airport in 2016. In July 2016, total direct non-stop scheduled services to YWG included
approximately 58,200 seats per week. These scheduled services include direct non-stop flights to
Winnipeg from 23 Canadian cities, including Vancouver and Toronto, and local regional cities such as
Thompson, Churchill and Thunder Bay. As of July 2016, year-round non-stop flights to YWG were
available from four U.S. cities including Chicago, Denver, Las Vegas and Minneapolis-St. Paul. In
7
Source: http://www.waa.ca/media/news/article/708/winnipeg-richardson-international-airport-leeding-the-way-as-first-canadian-
airport-terminal-to-achieve-leed-certification
8
Source: Government of Manitoba (http://www.gov.mb.ca/ctt/profiles/trans1/index.html).
9
Source: data provided by WAA.
10
Ibid.
Winnipeg International Airport Economic Impact Study, 2016 Final Report of 19 April 2017 1
addition, seasonal routes were also operated to the U.S. cities of Palm Springs, Phoenix, Orlando and
Fort Lauderdale. Winnipegs sole international service operate to London-Gatwick, carrying up to 262
seats per week.
Winnipeg Airport is a hub for passenger airlines Calm Air, Kivalliq Air, and Perimeter Airlines. It also
serves as a focus city for the Air Canada family of airlines and WestJet, as well as the headquarters for
charter ticket reseller NewLeaf.
Figure 1-1 displays the passenger traffic at YWG over the last ten years. YWG is the seventh busiest
airport in Canada by passenger volume (see Figure 1-2) and the seventh busiest airport by aircraft
movements.
Figure 1-1: Growth of Air Passenger Traffic at YWG, 2007-2016
4,500
4,000
3,500
Enplaned/Deplaned Passengers (Thousands)
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Domestic Transborder International
Source: WAA website, Statistics Canada (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/51-203-x/2015000/t002-eng.pdf).
Figure 1-2: Canadas Busiest Airports by Passenger Volume, 2016
Passengers in 2016 Passengers in 2015
50
Enplaned/Deplaned Passengers (millions)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Source: Airport websites, traffic statistics.
A summary of the summer air services to Winnipeg in July 2012 and July 2016 is outlined in Figure 1-3.
Figure 1-3: Direct Non-stop Scheduled Seats Arriving at YWG, July 2012 and July 2016
Weekly Seat Weekly Seat %

Country City
Capacity 2012 Capacity 2016 Change
Canada Berens River 233 78 -66.5%
Brandon 105 N/A N/A
Calgary 8,425 9,444 +12.1%
Churchill 585 558 -4.7%
Cross Lake 105 63 -39.7%
Dauphin 105 N/A N/A
Edmonton 4,089 3,758 -8.1%
Flin Flon 345 323 -6.3%
Gillam, MB 230 352 +53.3%
Gods Lake
Narrows 252 298 +18.5%
Gods River 105 63 -39.5%
Halifax N/A 585 N/A
Hamilton 1,054 N/A N/A
Island Lake 593 660 +11.4%
Kelowna N/A 65 N/A
Kenora 233 N/A N/A
Weekly Seat Weekly Seat %
Country City
Capacity 2012 Capacity 2016 Change
London, ON 1,054 986 -6.4%
Montreal 2,717 3,365 +23.8%
Norway House 252 156 -38.0%
Ottawa 2,334 2,341 +0.3%
Pikangikum N/A 59 N/A
Rankin Inlet 896 468 -47.7%
Red Lake 418 371 -11.4%
Red Sucker
Lake 171 154 -10.2%
Regina 1,000 1,641 +64.1%
Sachigo Lake N/A 20 N/A
Sandy Lake 252 N/A N/A
Sanikiluaq 62 137 +121.1%
Saskatoon 1,088 1,976 +81.7%
Shamattawa 62 33 -47.4%
Ste Theresa
Point 607 450 -26.0%
The Pas 560 210 -62.5%
Thompson 1,326 728 -45.1%
Thunder Bay 1,379 1,086 -21.3%
Toronto 12,832 17,110 +33.3%
Vancouver 5,269 5,693 +8.0%
Canada Total 48,730 53,226 +9.2%
United Kingdom London, UK N/A 328 N/A
International Total N/A 328 N/A
United States Chicago 1,825 1,100 -39.7%
Denver 775 775 0.0%
Las Vegas 612 293 -52.2%
Minneapolis/St.
Paul 2,150 2,525 +17.4%
Transborder Total 5,362 4,692 -12.5%
Grand Total 54,092 58,246 +7.7%
Source: Diio Mi based on summer services for the weeks of 9 July 2012 and 11 July 2016.
1.2 Airport Milestones in 2016
WestJet Launches Service to London-Gatwick
th
On May 7 , WestJet operated the first flight of its seasonal weekly service from Winnipeg to London-
Gatwick. This marked the first time the airport has had a scheduled non-stop connection to Europe since
2008, when Zoom Airlines ended its service to London-Gatwick. This new route provided an additional
5,764 seats to Winnipeg over the course of its 22 week lifespan. The airline has indicated that it intends to
resume the route during the summer season in 2017.
NewLeaf Begins Operations

th
After a series of delays, NewLeaf Travel Company launched its first flight from YWG on July 25 .
NewLeaf is classified as a ticket reseller, and its flights are operated by Flair Airlines with Boeing 737-400
aircraft. With YWG as its main hub, NewLeaf offers varied frequencies to a variety of Canadian cities,
most recently to Abbotsford, Edmonton, Halifax and Hamilton.
YWG Breaks Passenger Traffic Record
In 2016, YWG accounted for total passenger volumes of over 4 million, with 3.4 million domestic
passengers, 420,000 transborder passengers and approximately 192,000 international passengers.
These numbers represent a 6.3% increase in total passengers compared to 2015, making it the highest
passenger levels ever observed at YWG. The airport recorded its previous record-setting passenger
levels in 2014 and 2015, with a total of 3.7 million passengers and 3.8 million passengers handled,
respectively.
1.3 Industry and Economy of Manitoba

Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport is located less than 10 km west of downtown
Winnipeg, as shown in Figure 1-4. YWG services one of Canadas most populous metropolitan areas as
well as most air travelers to the province.
Figure 1-4: Map of Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport and Surrounding
Area
Winnipeg Richardson
International Airport
Manitoba serves as a major economic hub within the Canadian Prairies, boasting a population of
11 12
approximately 1.3 million (793,400 in Winnipeg CMA ) and a real GDP of nearly $60 billion in 2015. A
highly educated labour force, competitive business costs and taxes, and well-developed infrastructure
contribute to Manitobas ongoing economic success. With continued growth in the provinces labour force
13
by 0.8% from 2014 to 2015, Manitoba records an unemployment rate of 6.2%, lower than Canadas
14
6.8% unemployment rate for November 2016. Ranking fourth among the Canadian provinces, average
15
weekly earnings in Manitoba increased 1.3% in 2016.
11
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo05a-eng.htm
12
Statistics Canada. Real gross domestic product, expenditure-based, by province and territory, 2015
(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ50-eng.htm)
13
Statistics Canada, Employment, payroll employment, by province and territory, 2015 (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-
tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/labr72-eng.htm)
14
Statistics Canada, Labour force characteristics, seasonally adjusted, by province (monthly), November 2016.
(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/lfss01b-eng.htm)
15
Government of Manitoba, Manitoba Economic Highlights, 2016. (https://www.gov.mb.ca/finance/pubs/highlights.pdf)
Source: Statistics Canada
The provincial economy is comprised of a diverse range of industries. In particular, its manufacturing
sector is a national and international leader in the production of aerospace equipment, furniture and urban
buses. This is supported by a strong transportation and logistics sector, for which YWG plays a key role
as Canadas number one airport for scheduled freighter flights. Over 40,000 Manitobans are directly
16
employed in transportation and logistics.
Other important sectors in Manitoba include trade, mining, agriculture and services. For instance, crop
17
and livestock production generated approximately $3.2 billion and $2.3 billion in receipts, respectively.
In addition, the financial services sector in Manitoba employs over 20,000 people, with headquarters of
several industry-leading insurance, mutual fund and leasing firms (including Great-West Lifeco Inc., IGM
18
Financial Inc., and National Leasing Company) located in Winnipeg. These other industries that are
directly relevant to YWG have a diverse and educated labour force. Of the sectors directly relevant to
YWG, 10% of Manitobans are employed in manufacturing, 7% are employed in construction, 7% are
employed in accommodation and food services, and 6% are employed in transportation and
19
warehousing.
1.4 Economic Impact of YWG

YWG contributes directly to employment in the Winnipeg region, as well as the provincial and national
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at large, through its business and commercial activities and operations.
More importantly, it also acts as an economic catalyst, facilitating the growth of regional businesses and
industrial sectors. The economic contribution of the airport to the community is termed the Economic
Impact of YWG.
16
Government of Manitoba, Transportation & Logistics (http://www.gov.mb.ca/jec/profiles/trans1/index.html)
17
Government of Manitoba, Overview: Economic Highlights, 2013.
(http://www.gov.mb.ca/ctt/invest/busfacts/overviews/ov_economic.html)
18
Government of Manitoba, Industry Sectors: Financial Services Sector Summary, 2013.
(http://www.gov.mb.ca/ctt/profiles/finance/index.html)
19
Statistics Canada, 2016 labor force survey estimates (LFS) for Manitoba, CANSIM table 282-0008.
(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/econ40-eng.htm)
1.4.1 What is Economic Impact?
Economic impact is a measure of the spending and employment associated with a sector of the economy,
a specific project (such as the construction of a new facility), or a change in government policy or
regulation. Economic impact can be measured in various ways. Two of the most popular ways to assess
economic impact are in terms of the dollar value of industrial output produced, or in terms of full-time
20
equivalent (FTE) jobs generated. Other measures are gross domestic product (GDP) and value of
capital used and/or created. All of these are used to express the gross level of activity or expenditure from
a sector of the economy, a specific project or a change in policy or regulation. These measures can be
21
useful in developing an appreciation of projects, investments and economic sectors. The different
measurements of economic impact, including employment, wages, gross domestic product (GDP) and
economic output, are explained in Figure 1-5.
This study examines the economic impact of YWG on the provincial economy. One of the most important
components of the YWG economic impact is given particular attention here: Employment Impact. Other
economic impact measures such as wages, GDP and economic output are also considered and
presented.
Figure 1-5: Measurements of Economic Impact
The number of full-time equivalents (FTEs) or person

Employment years generated by a particular source. Because certain
(Full-time Equivalents) jobs may only be part-time or seasonal, the number of
jobs is generally greater than the number of FTEs.
The wages, salaries, bonuses, benefits and other

Wages remuneration earned by the associated workforce.
A measure of the value added by labour and capital

Gross Domestic services used to produce final goods and services, as a
result of economic activity in the nation. This measure is
Product (GDP) net of the value of intermediate goods and services used
up to produce the final goods and services.
The dollar value of industrial output produced.

Sometimes referred to as economic activity, it reflects
Economic Output the spending (i.e., capital improvement plus revenue) by
firms, organizations and individuals.
20
A full-time equivalent (FTE) of employment accounts for part-time and seasonal employment.
21
Economic impact is different from a cost-benefit analysis that weighs benefits against costs.
1.4.2 Categories of Economic Impact
The three major components of economic impact are direct, indirect, and induced impacts, as described
below. These distinctions are used as a base for the estimation of the total economic impact of YWG.
Each of these three components requires different tools of analysis. Employment impact analysis
determines the economic impact in terms of jobs created and salaries and wages paid out. In the case of
the airport, the direct, indirect, induced, and total numbers of person years created at the airport are
examined to produce a snapshot in time of airport operations.
Direct Impact
Direct impacts account for the economic activity of the target sector itself. For instance, all employment
that is directly related to the operation and management of YWG, including businesses located onsite at
the airport as well as airport-dependent businesses located offsite, would be considered direct
employment. Thus, the direct employment base includes airline employees, fixed base operators, aircraft
maintenance, ground handling, customer service, airport authority staff, etc.
Indirect Impact
Figure 1-6: Categories of Economic Impact Generated
Indirect impacts are those that result and Facilitated by YWG
because of the direct impacts. This involves
employment in downstream industries that
arise from the presence of YWG. For
instance, indirect employment includes the
portion of employment in supplier industries
which are dependent on sales to the air
transport sector, e.g. food wholesalers that
supply food for catering on flights.
DIRECT INDIRECT INDUCED
Induced Impact YWG airport & airport Supplying and Employees

related businesses supporting spending in the
industries economy
Induced employment is generated from
expenditures by individuals employed
directly or indirectly by the airport. For
instance, if an airline employee at YWG
decides to renovate her home, this would
result in induced employment hours in the
general economy as the renovation would
support hours of employment in the
construction industry, the construction materials industry, etc. Induced impact is often called the
household-spending effect.
Total impacts are the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects. These three categories of impacts are
summarised in Figure 1-6.
2 Methodology
2.1 Introduction
Survey Response
InterVISTAS conducted this economic impact study during the fall
and winter of 2016. The study estimates the economic impact of Rate
YWGs operations in 2016.
75% of tenants
The study is based on data collected from an employment survey of responded to the survey
all employers associated with the operation of YWG (e.g. airlines,
ground transport firms, accommodations, etc.) which is used as an
78% of total direct full-
input to assess the direct impacts of the airports operations. The time equivalents
survey produced estimates of the number of people employed in covered by the survey
directly-related occupations, as well as the total amount of earnings
paid to these employees. The firms surveyed as part of this study
are located both on the airport (on-site) and off the airport site (off- Study Time Frame
site). The employment survey was used to classify the total
employment and average wages paid by business type. 2016 operations
InterVISTAS estimates the indirect and induced effects using
economic multipliers developed by Statistics Canada that are derived Economic Multiplier
from models of how the Canadian national and provincial economies
operate. InterVISTAS utilizes a proprietary economic model in order Source
to conduct multiplier analysis and estimate indirect and induced
impacts. Statistics Canada
(Industry Accounts
Data collected from the employment survey is also used to calculate
the associated tax impacts (government revenue) generated by the Division): Input-Output
airports operations. Multipliers for Manitoba,
2010
2.2 Estimating Current Economic Impacts

The direct employment base related to ongoing operations at YWG is first measured. Employment figures
are generally more understandable by the public than more abstract measures, such as economic output
or GDP. Employment figures also have the advantage of being a more accurate measure, both because
the firms are more likely to provide data on employment, as opposed to information on revenues, wages
22
and other monetary amounts, and because there is less chance of double counting economic activity.
The economic impact study then assesses the indirect and induced (or multiplier) employment
supported by YWGs related operations, as well as economic activity in terms of economic output and
GDP using Statistics Canadas economic multipliers. The tax revenues generated annually by operations
at YWG are also estimated.
22
For example, revenues reported by an air carrier would double count revenues received by caterers. The caterer's revenue is an
expense for the airline.
2.3 Surveying Direct Employment
Employment attributable to ongoing YWG operations was measured by surveying nearly 200 tenants and
related businesses and organizations located at YWG and other businesses economically linked to the
airport. Specifics of the survey methodology are contained in the Appendices. Appendix A shows a
breakdown of survey responses by firm type. A sample copy of the survey is provided in Appendix B.
Telephone follow-ups were conducted to increase the response rate. In total, 75% of the businesses and
organisations contacted responded to the survey, representing 78% of total person years or FTEs of
employment covered by the survey. 71 survey responses were received from YWG onsite tenants. A
summary is provided in Figure 2-1.
Figure 2-1: Response Rate for YWG Employment Survey
Survey Response FTEs Covered by Survey Respondents
25%
22%
75%
78%
Responding Non-Responding
2.4 Inferring Employment

Employment was inferred for firms that did not respond to the survey by using a proven and accepted
23
methodology. This includes using other sources of employment information, such as past employment
surveys or using survey results for firms of similar types. A conservative approach was taken when using
other survey or employment information to infer for non-responding firms.
There may be firms which were not surveyed simply because it was not known that they existed. We do
not include an estimate of employment for such non-surveyed firms because there is no basis for an
assessment. In any event, we expect most of these to be very small in terms of missed employment (See
Appendix E).
23
The methodology employed in this study to infer for non-respondents is also used by the federal government for estimating the
national income and product accounts.
2.5 Estimating Indirect and Induced Impacts with Economic
Multipliers and Ratios
Measurement of indirect and induced economic
activity is difficult. While it may be possible to
conduct a survey of downstream employers, the
survey would need to cover thousands of firms in Statistics Canada economic
order to completely cover indirect employment. For multipliers and ratios (2010)
induced employment, the entire economy would
need to be scrutinized. In addition to the time and for the Province of Manitoba
financial resources needed to conduct such surveys, were used for the analysis.
the quality of responses would be suspect.
As an alternative to costly and inaccurate surveys,

indirect and induced effects are typically measured using economic multipliers and ratios. Multipliers are
derived from models of the general economy. They come in a variety of forms and differ greatly in
definition and application. Thus, great care must be exercised in choosing the appropriate set of
multipliers to use. In addition, the use of multiplier analysis is limited by a number of factors, these being:
the accuracy of the structure and parameters of the underlying model;
the level of unemployment in the economy;
the assumption of constant returns to scale in production;
the assumption that the economy's structure is static over time; and
the assumption that there are no displacement effects.
Multiplier impacts must be interpreted with caution since they may be illusory when the economy
experiences high employment and output near industry capacity. When they are reported, it is
recommended that the reader be reminded of the limitations on the use of multipliers. Mindful of these
limitations, this study has undertaken multiplier analysis to estimate indirect and induced employment,
with emphasis nonetheless placed on the direct economic impacts as these are based on data from the
employer survey and are clearly identifiable.
For this study, InterVISTAS applied economic multipliers and ratios for the Province of Manitoba based
on Statistics Canadas 2010 Interprovincial Input-Output model, the most recent available. The multipliers
and ratios are based on a highly detailed accounting of provincial economic structures or relationships.
The model tracks how the goods and services produced by industry are used by other industries and final
users. The provincial multipliers were updated with Consumer Price Indices to account for inflation.
2.6 Jobs vs. Full-Time Equivalents

Traditionally, one measures employment by the number of jobs. However, when part-time and/or
seasonal workers are used, this can be a misleading measure resulting in an overstatement of economic
impact. Whenever possible, employment impacts are measured both in terms of the number of jobs and
24
the number of full-time equivalents (FTEs), also called person years. In our model, hours worked by
part-time and/or seasonal employees are converted into FTEs.
2.7 Estimating Tax Revenue Impacts

The tax revenue contributions to the federal, provincial, and municipal levels of government that are
25
associated with airport operations are also estimated. This includes taxes paid by employers and
employees (such as payroll taxes), passengers (such as sales taxes on expenditures), and YWG
(property tax and the federal airport ground lease).
24
One full-time equivalent job is equivalent to 1,832 hours of work. See Appendix C for a detailed calculation of the number of
hours per full-time equivalent job. Person years are the same as full time equivalents (FTEs).
25
Taxation impacts are based on 2016 tax rates.
3 Direct Impacts of Airport Operations
SUMMARY
Annual operations at YWG support approximately 10,270 direct jobs, 9,550 direct FTEs, and $460
million in direct wages
Direct employment related to YWG operations includes 96% permanent jobs and 4% seasonal jobs
The larger job categories comprising employment at YWG are airline employees (e.g. pilots, flight
attendants and CSAs), managerial and clerical staff, and airline support services
3.1 Introduction
This section describes the total employment, in terms of both jobs and FTEs or person years of
employment, and estimated payroll attributable to employers directly related to ongoing operations at
YWG.
This section also examines the employment due to ongoing operations at YWG in more detail. FTEs or
person years of employment are broken down by:
Full-time versus part-time and seasonal employment;
Employment by industry; and
Employment by job category.
3.2 Direct Employment and Wages

Every arrival of a flight at YWG generates employment hours for individuals with jobs involved in handling
passengers, their baggage, cargo and the aircraft. This employment includes customer service, airline
crew, ground handling, cleaning, maintenance functions, etc. It also includes some overhead labour (e.g.,
clerical and administrative staff), and the associated employment of ground transportation firms and
accommodation providers that service passengers of the airport. The direct impacts are the employment
generated largely within the aviation sector associated with the operating and servicing of air services.
Direct employment related to ongoing operations at YWG amounts to 10,270 direct jobs. After adjusting
for part-time and seasonal employment, the 10,270 jobs equate to 9,550 FTEs or person years of direct
employment.
Direct employment at YWG and related firms receive an estimated $460 million in wages, resulting in an
average of $47,700 per FTE. This compares to an average annual wage in Manitoba of $45,800 per
26 27
annum, and the average national wage of $47,600 per FTE per annum. Direct employment and wages
figures are summarized in Figure 3-1.
Figure 3-1: Direct Employment and Wages at YWG, 2016
Employment
Employment Wages
Type of Impact (FTEs or Person
(Jobs) ($ Millions)
Years)
Direct Employment 10,270 9,550 $460
3.3 Direct Full-time, Part-Time, Seasonal and

Contract Employment
A total of 10,270 direct jobs or 9,550 FTEs are attributable to YWG operations and other airport related
businesses. Based on information provided by the survey of onsite and offsite employers, 96% of the jobs
are permanent jobs while seasonal employment represented only 4% of jobs. Approximately 84% of all
direct jobs are full-time positions. This demonstrates that YWG and its related businesses are a source of
stable, year-round employment. The breakdown of permanent and seasonal jobs by full-time and part-
time positions is presented in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2: Job Characteristics at YWG, 2016
Permanent 96% Full Time 84%

Part Time 16%
Seasonal 4%
26
Statistics Canada, CANSIM, Table 281-0027, Earnings, average weekly, by industry (All industries), 2014, calculated for annual
earnings.
27
Based on Statistics Canadas December 2016 data on average hourly wages, and assuming 1 FTE = 1,832 hours.
(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/labr69b-eng.htm); (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-
som/l01/cst01/labr69a-eng.htm)
3.3.1 Contract Employment
Some employers contract out services to individuals and other firms. It is estimated that approximately
280 jobs, equivalent to roughly 260 FTEs, are accounted for by contract individuals and firms. See
Appendix F for more details.
3.4 Direct Employment by Occupation

YWG is a source of employment opportunities for individuals with a broad range of skills. Most
businesses require a combination of management, clerical, and trades employees. Beyond that
breakdown, jobs can also be classified into airline and airline-servicing trades, support trades, retail
trades and general trades. More detail is provided below for these broad classes of job types, and are
reported for surveyed jobs (7,800 jobs) only.
3.4.1 Airline and Aircraft Servicing Jobs

Approximately, 1,690 jobs (22% of total surveyed jobs) are classified as airlines and aircraft servicing jobs
by employers at YWG and related businesses. Jobs classified as Aircraft and Vehicle Mechanics
comprise the largest component (28% of total surveyed airline and aircraft servicing jobs) with over 470
jobs.
Figure 3-3: Breakdown of Surveyed YWG Airline and Aircraft Servicing Jobs
Jobs
Flight Attendants 120
Ramp/Cargo Agents 170
Pilots 210
Customer Service Agents 360
Aircraft Servicing 360
Aircraft & Vehicle Mechanics 470
0 100 200 300 400 500

Note: This chart includes employment for surveyed jobs only.
3.4.2 Support Trades
Of surveyed employment, support trades account for 1,010 of YWGs surveyed direct employment base
(13% of total surveyed jobs). Within this group, drivers/delivery/couriers/dispatchers account for almost
440 jobs, making up 43% of total surveyed support trades jobs.
Figure 3-4: Breakdown of Surveyed YWG Support Trades Jobs
Jobs
Call Center/Reservations 70
Dispatchers 70
Security Agents & ATC 430
Drivers/Delivery/Couriers 440
0 100 200 300 400 500

3.4.3 Retail, Food & Beverage, Ground Transport and Accommodations

On-going operations at YWG also support employment in the retail, food and beverage, ground transport
and accommodations sectors. Approximately 730 surveyed jobs (9% of total surveyed jobs) are employed
in these trades.
Figure 3-5: Breakdown of Surveyed YWG Retail, Food & Beverage, Ground Transport and
Accommodations Jobs
Jobs
Ground Transport 90
Accommodation 150
Sales/Cashiers 190
Food Service Workers 300
0 100 200 300 400

3.4.4 General Jobs

Of the total surveyed employment, approximately 4,380 surveyed jobs (56% of total surveyed jobs) are
classified as managerial/supervisory, clerical, craft trades, warehouse/labour and other. Among these
general jobs, craft trades comprise the largest employment (39% of surveyed general jobs) with 1,720
surveyed jobs.
Figure 3-6: Breakdown of Surveyed YWG General Jobs
Jobs
Other 310
Mail Processing/Warehousing 560
Clerical 650
Managerial/Supervisory 1,140
Craft Trades 1,720
0 500 1000 1500 2000
3.5 Comparison of Employment: 2012 vs. 2016
YWGs direct employment base, in FTEs or person years, related to ongoing operations increased by 5%,
equivalent to approximately 480 FTEs, compared to the direct employment generated by ongoing
operations in 2012. Ongoing operations at YWG continue to make a considerable contribution to local
employment and the provincial economy.
Figure 3-7 shows the direct employment generated by YWG ongoing operations in 2012 and 2016.
Figure 3-7: Direct Employment Levels from YWG Ongoing Operations, 2012 vs. 2016
12,000
10,270
9,670 9,550
10,000
9,070
Direct Employment
8,000
6,000
2012
2016
4,000
2,000
0
Jobs FTEs
Year
Note: Figures are rounded.
3.6 YWGs Employment Base
Figure 3-8 shows a comparison of the change in employment in the various business categories at YWG
in 2012 vs. 2016, ranked by the largest difference in person years of employment. The percentage
change of each category is also presented.
Figure 3-8: Comparison of Direct Person Years of Employment by Business Category,

2012 vs. 2016
2012 2016 % Change

Business Category FTEs FTEs Difference
(2016 vs. 2012)
Passenger Carrier 1,410 1,550 140 10%

Cargo Carrier 100 230 130 130%
28
Other 200 290 90 45%
Aerospace Industry 3,530 3,610 80 2%
Customs Broker/Freight Forwarder 180 260 80 44%
Aircraft Ground Handling 180 260 80 44%
Hotel 380 440 60 16%
Security Firm 310 360 50 16%
Aviation Parts Supplier 10 50 40 400%
Government Agency 190 230 40 21%
Courier 670 690 20 3%
Caterer 30 40 10 33%
Airport Retail/Restaurant 230 240 10 4%
Fuelling Company 90 100 10 11%
Aviation Related Training 20 20 0 0%
Car Rental 140 130 -10 -7%
Air Traffic Control 390 370 -20 -5%
Facility Operator 180 160 -20 -11%
Ground Transportation 250 170 -80 -32%
Trucking/Cargo 580 370 -210 -36%
Grand Total 9,070 9,550 490 5%
Note: Figures may not sum to totals due to rounding.
28
Employment by other businesses primarily involves consulting and miscellaneous services firms.
3.7 Direct Gross Domestic Product and Economic Output
The two most common measures of economic contribution (in addition to employment) are gross
domestic product (GDP) and economic output. Economic output roughly corresponds to the gross
revenues of goods or services produced by an economic sector, while GDP measures only value-added
revenues. As such, GDP removes the revenues to suppliers of intermediate goods and services and only
includes the revenue from value-added production. Alternatively, economic output adds all revenues at
each stage of production together as a measure of total production in the economy. Economic output will
always be greater than GDP (also termed value-added).
To estimate economic output for a sector, one might add up the gross revenues of the various firms in
that sector. However, to find GDP for a sector, care must be taken to avoid double-counting. The
revenues of one firm providing service to another are not incremental GDP. For example, in the
automobile sector, one cannot add the value (gross revenue) of a finished auto to the value of the tires.
The tires are already included in the value of the automobile.
One approach to measuring economic output and value-added is to ask firms in a survey to provide
information on their gross revenues, payments to suppliers, etc. However, there are several problems
with the approach. First, it is much too expensive to capture all of this information in a survey. Second,
the double counting problem makes this approach impractical.
An alternative is to infer economic output and GDP for an economic sector from employment data using
economic multipliers. Statistics Canada produces economic multipliers for Canada, and these are more
cost effective and more accurate than obtaining the data from surveys. This method, using Statistics
29
Canada economic multipliers and ratios for Manitoba, is the approach adopted here.
3.7.1 Gross Domestic Product and Economic Output

The direct employment from current ongoing YWG operations generates approximately $830 million in
direct GDP and $2,330 million in direct economic output.
Figure 3-9 summarizes the economic output and GDP impacts related to current ongoing operations at
YWG.
Figure 3-9: Annual Direct GDP and Economic Output Impacts at YWG in Manitoba, 2016
GDP Economic Output

Impact
(Millions) (Millions)
Direct $830 $2,330
29
The multipliers used for the analysis are based on Statistics Canada economic multipliers for Manitoba from the 2010
Interprovincial Input-Output model, the most recent data available. These multipliers were updated with Consumer Price Indices to
account for inflation.
4 Indirect and Induced Impacts of Airport
Operations
SUMMARY
Indirect employment impacts of YWG include 4,070 indirect FTEs and $250 million in indirect wages
province-wide
Induced employment impacts of YWG include 2,480 induced FTEs and $120 million in induced wages
province-wide
Total employment impacts of YWG include 16,100 FTEs and $830 million in wages province-wide
4.1 Introduction
The previous sections discussed how direct employment related to ongoing operations at Winnipeg
James Armstrong Richardson International Airport was measured. However, the employment impact of
the airport does not end there, as other sectors of the economy are dependent on these employers
businesses. Indirect employment is generated by suppliers to the businesses directly related to the
airport. In addition, there may be additional impacts to the province-wide economy when direct (and
indirect) employees spend their wages. These employment effects are referred to as induced
employment. Total employment impacts therefore equal the sum of direct, indirect and induced effects.
The indirect and induced impacts were estimated using Statistics Canadas economic multipliers and
30
ratios for the Province of Manitoba.
4.2 Limitations of Economic Multipliers

Multiplier impacts must be interpreted with caution since they may be illusory when the economy
experiences high employment and output near industry capacity. When they are reported, it is
recommended that the reader be reminded of the limitations on the use of multipliers. Mindful of these
limitations, this study has undertaken multiplier analysis to estimate indirect and induced employment,
noting that these impacts have not been directly measured by the surveys conducted as part of the study.
The economic multipliers are derived from the 2010 Interprovincial Input-Output model, the most recent
version available. Notably, the multipliers were updated by Statistics Canada since the 2012 economic
30
The multipliers used for the analysis are based on Statistics Canada economic multipliers and ratios for Manitoba from the 2010
Interprovincial Input-Output model, the most recent data available. These multipliers were updated with Consumer Price Indices to
account for inflation.
31
impact study. As a result, the indirect and induced impacts calculated for the 2012 and 2016 studies are
not directly comparable.
The multipliers used to calculate the indirect and induced impacts in 2016 may better represent the
current structure of the Canadian economy which has become less integrated domestically and more
integrated internationally, meaning that indirect and induced job impacts within Canada may be lower.
The ratios of the indirect/induced multipliers to the direct multipliers have decreased in the current data
provided by Statistics Canada. It is expected that multiplier impacts will decrease over time. For instance,
as the economy becomes more global, more spending will occur outside of Canada, leading to lower
employment impacts. In addition, the updated (lower) multipliers represent increased productivity in the
aviation industry. This is consistent with more global data on employment in the post global economic
downturn era, as employers are seeing improvements in worker productivity.
4.3 Indirect Impacts

Indirect impacts are generated by industries that supply or provide services to the firms located at YWG.
Based on an analysis of the results of the employer survey and the application of the economic
multipliers, it is estimated that 4,070 indirect FTEs are related to ongoing operations at YWG in 2016.
This indicates that 4,070 FTEs are indirectly generated in industries that supply the businesses at the
airport. Labour wages associated with the indirect employment is estimated at $250 million per annum.
Indirect GDP contribution is estimated at $410 million per year, and economic output at $580 million
annually.
4.4 Induced Impacts

Induced impacts are generated because of expenditures by individuals employed both directly and
indirectly by the airports businesses. It represents the demand for goods and services generated by
wage earnings from economic activity directly related to the airport. Induced employment attributable to
YWG is estimated at 2,480 FTEs total. Induced employment is estimated to generate $120 million per
annum in wages. Induced GDP and economic impact contributions amount to approximately $290 million
and $450 million, respectively, each year nationwide.
31
The 2010 Interprovincial Input-Output model was released in February 2014 and therefore was unavailable during the 2012
study. Instead, the 2012 study refers to the multipliers derived from the 2008 Interprovincial Input-Output model, the most recent
version available at the time.
4.5 Total Provincial Impacts
Ongoing YWG operations, including direct, indirect and induced effects, generate 17,310 total jobs
(equivalent to 16,100 FTEs) and $830 million in wages throughout Manitoba. Including multiplier effects,
32
operations at the airport support $1,540 million in total GDP and $3,370 million in total economic output.
Figure 4-1 summarizes the direct, indirect, induced and total employment and wages in the provincial
economy attributable to ongoing operations at YWG, as well as annual GDP and economic output
contributions.
Figure 4-1: Annual Direct and Total Employment Impacts of YWG in Manitoba, 2016

Jobs FTEs
Direct 10,270 9,550 $460 $830 $2,330
Indirect 4,370 4,070 $250 $410 $580
Induced 2,670 2,480 $120 $290 $450
Total 17,310 16,100 $830 $1,540 $3,370
32
The indirect and induced economic impacts are calculated using the latest available Statistics Canada multipliers for the province
of Manitoba (2010). It is note that these multipliers produce lower indirect and induced impacts compared to the 2008 Statistics
Canada multipliers used in the previous YWG economic impact study. Statistics Canadas current multipliers, which are derived
from the Input-Output Model reflects a more open economy in Canada where there is increased globalization and productivity
improvements. Over the long term, it is anticipated that multiplier impacts will decline over time. The multiplier impacts of the current
direct employment at YWG using the 2008 multipliers would yield total economic impact of 21,380 jobs (19,890 FTEs), with an
associated total income of $970 million, a total GDP of $1.89 billion and a total economic output of $4.45 billion.
5 Tax Impacts
5.1 Introduction
The ongoing operation of YWG and associated economic activity in the region generate a significant
amount of tax revenue for the federal, provincial and municipal levels of government. Tax impacts are
estimated separately from economic impacts, as the tax revenues generated by the airports operations
are different from its economic output. Tax impacts include income taxes and sales taxes, while economic
output measures the spending of firms and individuals. This section summarizes the government
revenues resulting from current YWG operations and associated economic activity.
Revenue impacts are presented based on who is making the payment:
Taxes paid by employers and employees. These are taxes paid by the airport employers and
employees. They include income and payroll taxes, social insurance contributions (such as the
employment insurance premiums) and the federal and provincial fuel taxes.
Taxes paid by passengers. Visitors pay various taxes and fees. For example, these include
taxes on personal expenditures at YWG such as taxes on food and beverages, taxes on airline
tickets and taxes on single night hotel stays by connecting passengers and overnight flight crews,
as well as the Airport Improvement Fee (AIF).
Taxes paid by WAA. WAA pays taxes in the form of property taxes. WAA also makes a federal
ground lease payment to the federal government.
For each of the tax revenue sources, taxes paid to the federal, provincial and municipal levels of
33
government are identified separately.
The purpose of this section is to present the government tax revenue impacts resulting from economic
activity that can be attributed directly to YWG. As with all economic impact studies, a conceptual decision
has to be made as to how broad a definition of economic activity should be used in measuring the
impacts. For this study, a relatively narrow definition has been taken, for example, the following have not
been included:
Taxes associated with indirect or induced employment (i.e. multiplier effects).
Consumption taxes paid by employees when they spend their income/wages and benefits.
Taxes paid by airport users outside of the airport.
Property taxes paid by employees.
It would be exceedingly complex to broaden the scope of the tax base in this analysis to include taxes
generated by indirect and induced employment. The level of detail collected on direct employment by the
survey administered by InterVISTAS is critical to the tax impact analysis; however, such information is not
available for the indirect and induced employment. Estimating the tax impacts associated with indirect
and induced employment would be a complex process, requiring speculation about the general economy
33
For the most part, this study estimates (some tax envelopes were measured directly, e.g., tenant property taxes) taxes paid from
information on the passengers, employers and employees at the airports. In a few situations, such as the corporate income tax paid
by employers, an approximate method was used to estimate taxes paid. In every case conservative methods were used. No major
tax has been excluded.
and resulting in averages that would not necessarily be accurate. Therefore, the tax impact analysis in
this report is limited to government revenues generated from direct employment associated with airport
operations only.
5.2 Summary of Tax Contributions by Level of Government

Ongoing economic activity at YWG generates tax revenue contributions for all levels of government. In
2016, total tax contributions from YWG-related direct employment to all levels of government are
estimated to be in the order of roughly $245 million. The federal government is the largest recipient of tax
revenue, receiving nearly $164 million (67% of the total), as seen in Figure 5-1. The provincial
government received a tax revenue contribution of $74 million (30% of the total), while the municipal
government received over $6 million in tax revenues (3% of the total).
Figure 5-1: Annual Estimated Tax Revenues of YWG by Level of Government, 2016
A complete summary of tax contributions by YWG passengers and businesses is provided in Figure 5-2.
Figure 5-2: Current Tax Contributions of YWG Airport Passengers and Businesses 2016
SUMMARY OF TAX CONTRIBUTIONS BY WINNIPEG JAMES ARMSTRONG RICHARDSON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (YWG) - 2016
Federal Provincial Municipal All Gov'ts

Amount Amount Amount Amount ($
Tax ($ m) Tax ($ m) Tax ($ m) m)
GST on Airport Improvement Fee (AIF) 1.9 PST on Ground Transportation 1.1
Paid by Passengers
GST on Airfares 7.9 PST on Airport Concession 0.3

GST on Air Traveller Security Charge (ATSC) 0.3 PST on Accommodation 1.4
GST on Ground Transportation 0.7 Supplementary Hotel Room Tax 0.9
GST on Airport Concession 0.2
GST on Accommodation 0.9
Total 11.8 Total 3.8 Total 15.6

Paid by Employers or Employees
Personal Income Tax 50.7 Personal Income Tax 40.2 Property Tax 4.5
Corporate Income Tax 20.3 Corporate Income Tax 8.2
EI - Employer 11.1 Workplace Safety and Insurance Board 6.4
EI - Employee 7.9 PST on Airfield Fees 1.5
CPP - Employer 20.9 PST on Passenger Processing Charges 1.7
CPP- Employee 20.9 Aviation Fuel Tax 5.5
GST on Airfield Fees 0.9 PST on Aviation Fuel 5.7
GST on Passenger Processing Charges 1.0 PST on Accommodation 0.9
Aviation Fuel Tax 6.8 Supplementary Hotel Room Tax 0.5
GST on Aviation Fuel 3.6
GST on Accommodation 0.5
Total 144.9 Total 70.6 Total 4.5 220.0

Authority
Winnipeg
Airports
Paid by
Federal Ground Lease Payment 7.4 Property Tax 1.9
Total 7.4 Total 1.9 9.3
Grand Total 164.1 Grand Total 74.3 Grand Total 6.4 244.8
Notes:
- For the purposes of the tax analysis, the GST and PST components are displayed separately to document the federal and
provincial portions of tax collected respectively.
- Summation totals may not add up due to rounding.
Figure 5-3: Annual Estimated Tax Revenues of YWG by Tax Payer, 2016
Federal Provincial Municipal Total

Taxpayer
($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions)
Passengers 11.8 3.8 0.0 15.6

34
WAA and Other Airport
152.3 70.6 6.4 229.2
Employers/Employees
Total 164.1 74.3 6.4 244.8

Note: Taxation impacts are based on 2016 tax rates. Totals may not sum due to rounding.
34
Includes $7.4 million in Federal Ground Lease Payments and $1.9 million in municipal property taxes paid by WAA.
6 Summary of Economic Impact Results
6.1 Ongoing Economic Impacts
Ongoing operations at YWG support a total of 16,100 FTEs or person years of employment and $830
million of wages in Manitoba, when multiplier impacts are included. Of this employment, 9,550 FTEs or
person years of employment are directly related to the airport. Because employment related to the airport
extend far beyond YWG, the total also includes both indirect (approximately 4,070 FTEs) and induced
(2,480 FTEs) employment.
Direct person years or FTEs of employment from ongoing operations at YWG (i.e. WAA plus airport
tenants and directly related offsite firms) grew by 5%, from about 9,070 to 9,550 between 2012 and 2016.
YWG contributes to the provincial economy as well. The significance of the airport is demonstrated by the
direct economic impact of the airport on GDP and economic output in the Province of Manitoba,
measured at $830 million and $2,330 million, respectively. Including indirect and induced impacts, the
total impacts are approximately $1,540 million and $3,370 million, respectively, province-wide. Figure 6-1
summarizes these 2016 economic impacts in total.
Figure 6-1: Annual Total Ongoing Economic Impact of YWG in Manitoba, 2016

Jobs FTEs
Direct 10,270 9,550 $460 $830 $2,330
Indirect 4,370 4,070 $250 $410 $580
Induced 2,670 2,480 $120 $290 $450
Total 17,310 16,100 $830 $1,540 $3,370
6.2 Annual Tax Contribution

YWG is also an important generator of taxation revenues to all levels of government. Total taxes paid on
an annual basis, by YWG, employers and employees are estimated at roughly $245 million per year. The
majority of taxes collected accrue to the federal and provincial governments at 67% and 30%,
respectively. The municipal government also benefits from YWG, such as through the collection of
property taxes amounting to over $6 million, as shown in Figure 6-2.
Figure 6-2: Annual Estimated Tax Revenues of YWG, 2016
Appendix A: Employment Survey
Identification of the Survey Population
A total of 188 firms received employment surveys for the YWG economic impact study including airport
tenants, offsite firms, hotels and ground transportation firms directly related or dependent upon the
airport. WAA provided a list of airport tenants and, together with InterVISTAS, identified the offsite
employers, hotels and ground transportation firms closely tied to airport operations.
Table A-1: Total Number of Firms Surveyed
Number of Firms Number of

Type of Firm Response Rate
Surveyed Responding Firms
YWG Employers 82 71 87%
Offsite Employers 40 24 60%
Ground Transport Firms 29 27 93%
Hotels 37 19 51%
Total 188 141 75%
Questionnaire Design
The basic questionnaire was designed to be effective in obtaining information and, equally importantly, to
be as clear and easy to understand as possible for respondent firms. The basic survey was provided to
employers at each airport. Three other surveys were developed for offsite employers, hotel employment
and ground transportation employment. The basic questionnaire provided to airport tenants focused on
questions in the following areas:
General Information
Name and address of firm
Contact person's name and title
Phone and fax numbers
Email and website address
Type of business and the proportion related to the airport and/or air service
Total Employment Numbers (as of October 2016)
Total employees
Total annual payroll excluding benefits
Number of onsite employees
Number of offsite employees
Part-time and Full-time Employment
Full-time permanent employees
Part-time permanent employees
Full-time seasonal employees
Part-time seasonal employees
Average hours and weeks for part-time and seasonal employees
Employment by Trade
A selection of job trades was provided to categorise employment
Outsourcing and Contracting Out
Number of individuals on contract
Number and names of firms on contract
Taxes
Property taxes paid in the previous year (2015)
Copies of the surveys are provided in Appendix B.
Conducting the Survey
The survey was mailed out electronically by InterVISTAS Consulting with a cover letter from WAA Vice
President and Chief Commercial Officer, Pascal Blanger. The letter explained the purpose of the study,
the confidentiality of responses and encouraged members of the airport business community to
participate.
Following the initial electronic mail-out of the surveys and throughout the following weeks, non-
responding firms were contacted by telephone to follow up. Firms were encouraged to return the survey
and new copies were offered if the originals were lost. The replacement surveys were emailed once again
or sent via fax. Some survey responses were collected via a telephone interview with firms.
Analysis of the Results

The survey results were compiled into an MS Excel spreadsheet.
Appendix B: Sample Survey
Appendix C:
Calculation of Full-time Equivalent or Person
Years of Employment
The following are details of calculations for the average number of hours per full-time equivalent (FTE) or
person year of employment.
Table C-1: Full-time Equivalent Hours per Year
Calculation of FTE hours per year:
365 days per year

Less: (104) weekend days
(11) legal holidays
(15) average vacation days
(6) sick leave
229 days per person year

*8 hours per work day
1,832 hours per person year
Workdays vary anywhere from 6.5 to 8 hours; however, in order to be conservative, an 8 hour workday
was assumed.35 Similarly, numbers of vacation and sick leave days may also vary.
35
Essentially, we are using a measure of paid hours per year. Using a measure of productive hours per year with 6.5 hour
workdays (8 hours less 1 hour for lunch less two 15 minute work breaks) would give 1,489 hours per person year. Using this lower
figure would result in inferring a greater number of FTEs from seasonal and part-time jobs. Using the 1,832 figure, we infer a lower
number of FTEs.
Appendix D:
Summary of Direct Jobs and Person Years
Table D-1: Direct Jobs and Person Years
FTEs or Person Years of

Jobs
Employment
1
Surveyed employment 7,802 7,166
2
Inferred employment for non-respondents 2,184 2,125
3
Contract employment 279 262
Total 10,265 9,553

4
Total Rounded 10,270 9,550
Notes:
1. Refer to Appendix A
2. Refer to Appendix E
3. Refer to Appendix F
4. Rounded figures are presented throughout the report
Appendix E: Inferred Employment
Because not all employers responded to our requests for information in the survey, we statistically
inferred some employment data to replace that which otherwise would be missing. This allows us to
estimate the total amount and type of employment, which provides the basis for other estimates of
economic impact.
In general, InterVISTAS approach bases these inferred estimates on information provided by responding
firms for each business type and validated against information from other publicly available sources of
data. This approach is conservative in that we assumed that the non-responding firms are smaller than
responding firms.
The employment data in this report was compiled from a combination of two sources:
1. Employment reported by employers on surveys submitted to InterVISTAS.
2. Employment inferred for employers who did not provide a survey response. Inferred
employment was based on employment information from those firms in each business type that
did respond to the survey. The mean employment of respondents in each business type was
calculated, excluding outliers, and then conservatively adjusted downwards. For instance, those
firms with especially large employment levels were excluded from the "mean without outliers" to
obtain conservative results. This "adjusted mean" employment for each business type was then
applied to those firms who did not respond to the survey.
Appendix F: Contract Employment
Some firms contract out services that they do not have expertise in providing or when there are cost
advantages to doing so. For example, many airport firms contract out janitorial, elevator and maintenance
services. The employment survey asked firms to identify whether they contracted out some of their work,
and to estimate the number of annual hours involved.
Contract work was separated into two distinct categories in the employment survey: 1) individual
employees paid through a contract, rather than via payroll, and 2) contracting out services to other firms.
The employment results for individuals on contract were derived by counting the number of individual
positions for the number of jobs and dividing the total hours of employment by 1,832 to estimate a FTE or
one person year of employment. The employment results for firms on contract were derived by dividing
the total hours of employment by 1,832 to estimate FTEs or person years.
There were approximately 279 jobs equivalent to 262 person years of contract employment supplied by
firms doing work for YWG firms and contract employees working for firms at YWG.
Appendix G:
Tax Revenues Attributable to Airport Employers
Introduction
This appendix describes the employment and other assumptions on which tax revenue calculations are
based. As well, the approaches used to estimate employer and employee contributions to local, provincial
and federal governments are presented. All estimates are for the 2016 calendar year, unless otherwise
stated.
Some of the taxes pose conceptual questions about how much, or if any, tax revenue from a particular
source should be attributed to firms serving YWG. These questions are highlighted and simplifying
assumptions are put forth.
Employment at YWG
The majority of tax calculations in this report depend on direct employment and total wages. The total
direct employment, in person years, used for these calculations is 9,550 person years. The total payroll is
estimated at nearly $460 million.
Personal Income Tax (Federal and Provincial)

Employees who work for employers located at YWG are taxed on their income and, as a result, contribute
to federal and provincial tax revenues.
Under the Income Tax Act federal income tax is paid on taxable income at a rate that increases with
taxable income.
Estimation Method and Results
Provincial income tax was formerly calculated as a percentage of federal tax, but most provincial
governments have begun collecting taxes on a sliding scale.
Because the tax rate is progressive, the tax paid by a group of employees depends on the distribution of
income among those employees. Unfortunately, the distribution of income is not known and average
incomes must be used.
The average tax rates used are derived from the more detailed calculations of taxes payable shown in
Figure G-2. In those calculations, assumptions have been made about income from non-employment
sources, tax deductions from income (e.g., RPP and RRSP contributions), and tax credits applied against
tax otherwise payable (e.g., CPP, EI and charitable contributions). Average credits are calculated from
Revenue Canada, General Income Tax Forms, 2016.
Each employee is assumed to pay tax as a single tax filer. Estimated income tax payable is $50.7 million
in federal tax and about $40.2 million in provincial tax.
Figure G-2: Manitoba Single Tax Filer Income Tax Calculation 2016
Manitoba Single Tax Filer Income Tax Calculation
Income
Employment 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 350,000
TOTAL 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000 150,000 250,000 350,000
Deductions
RPP 771 195 102 142 179 258 348 508 639 894 1,162 1,375 1,681 2,260 2,908 3,681 5,940 11,977 18,936
RRSP 297 96 57 93 130 224 348 546 729 901 1,123 1,409 1,749 2,365 3,354 3,478 3,404 2,444 1,377
Carrying Charges 395 168 60 56 53 75 99 135 159 190 225 277 326 421 544 292 449 1,323 4,584
Union 438 86 31 42 41 45 51 64 68 90 105 118 144 199 219 292 449 1,323 4,584
TOTAL 1,901 546 251 333 403 602 846 1,252 1,594 2,075 2,616 3,179 3,901 5,246 7,026 7,743 10,243 17,067 29,480
Taxable Income 3,099 9,454 14,749 19,667 24,597 29,398 34,154 38,748 43,406 47,925 52,384 56,821 66,099 74,754 82,974 92,257 139,757 232,933 320,520
Credits
Basic Federal 11,474.00 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474 11,474
Basic Provincial $ 9,134.00 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134 9,134
CPP 6,679 1,183 534 545 554 703 852 1,073 1,216 1,443 1,650 1,760 1,828 1,920 2,056 2,045 2,017 1,752 1,492
EI 6,043 762 286 261 247 304 357 442 490 577 623 650 667 696 745 736 704 537 360
Charity 22 12 14 34 56 71 88 101 119 132 148 248 179 215 225 245 350 795 4,490
Fed. Total 24,218 13,431 12,307 12,315 12,331 12,551 12,771 13,091 13,299 13,626 13,895 14,133 14,148 14,305 14,500 14,500 14,545 14,558 17,815
Prov. Total 21,878 11,091 9,967 9,975 9,991 10,211 10,431 10,751 10,959 11,286 11,555 11,793 11,808 11,965 12,160 12,160 12,205 12,218 15,475
Federal Tax Credit Rate 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15%
Provincial Tax Credit Rate 10.8% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11%
Federal Credits 3,633 2,015 1,846 1,847 1,850 1,883 1,916 1,964 1,995 2,044 2,084 2,120 2,122 2,146 2,175 2,175 2,182 2,184 2,672
Provincial Credits 2,363 1,198 1,076 1,077 1,079 1,103 1,127 1,161 1,184 1,219 1,248 1,274 1,275 1,292 1,313 1,313 1,318 1,320 1,671
Tax Payable
Federal - Bracket 1 465 1,418 2,212 2,950 3,690 4,410 5,123 5,812 6,511 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792 6,792
Federal - Bracket 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 581 1,563 2,538 4,580 6,484 8,292 9,962 9,962 9,962 9,962
Federal - Bracket 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 12,790 12,955 12,955
Federal - Bracket 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,287 17,287
Federal - Bracket 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,868 39,771
Federal Total 465 1,418 2,212 2,950 3,690 4,410 5,123 5,812 6,511 7,374 8,355 9,331 11,372 13,276 15,085 17,194 29,545 57,864 86,768
Basic Federal 0 0 366 1,103 1,840 2,527 3,207 3,849 4,516 5,330 6,271 7,211 9,250 11,130 12,910 15,019 27,363 55,680 84,095
Manitoba - Bracket 1 335 1,021 1,593 2,124 2,656 3,175 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348 3,348
Manitoba - Bracket 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 402 988 1,582 2,158 2,727 3,292 4,475 4,590 4,590 4,590 4,590 4,590 4,590
Manitoba - Bracket 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,349 2,780 4,395 12,660 28,872 44,112
Manitoba Total 335 1,021 1,593 2,124 2,656 3,175 3,750 4,336 4,930 5,506 6,075 6,640 7,823 9,287 10,718 12,333 20,598 36,810 52,050
Basic Provincial 0 0 516 1,047 1,577 2,072 2,624 3,175 3,746 4,287 4,827 5,367 6,548 7,995 9,404 11,019 19,280 35,491 50,379
TOTAL TAX PAYABLE 0 0 883 2,149 3,417 4,599 5,831 7,023 8,262 9,617 11,097 12,577 15,798 19,125 22,314 26,039 46,642 91,171 134,474
Average Rate of Tax 0.0% 0.0% 6.0% 10.9% 13.9% 15.6% 17.1% 18.1% 19.0% 20.1% 21.2% 22.1% 23.9% 25.6% 26.9% 28.2% 33.4% 39.1% 42.0%
Federal 0.0% 0.0% 2.5% 5.6% 7.5% 8.6% 9.4% 9.9% 10.4% 11.1% 12.0% 12.7% 14.0% 14.9% 15.6% 16.3% 19.6% 23.9% 26.2%
Provincial 0.0% 0.0% 3.5% 5.3% 6.4% 7.0% 7.7% 8.2% 8.6% 8.9% 9.2% 9.4% 9.9% 10.7% 11.3% 11.9% 13.8% 15.2% 15.7%
Corporate Income Tax (Federal and Provincial)

All corporations are liable to pay federal income tax under the Income Tax Act. The tax rate varies by type
and size of company and by province. Provincial governments also levy a corporation income tax on any
company having a permanent establishment in that province.
Government agencies are not subject to corporate income tax, nor are public authorities.
To calculate tax liability precisely is very difficult. It requires knowledge of the total tax base, and the
proportion of the tax base attributable to the province. Therefore, an approximate method has been used.
In Manitoba, the federal corporate income tax collected per employee was $2,196 and the provincial
corporate income tax collected per employee was $888 in 2016.
Assuming all companies pay tax at the average rate per employee calculated above, the 2016
corporation income tax liability of the YWG employment sector is estimated to be $23.0 million toward
federal revenues and $8.2 million toward provincial revenues. The estimated total corporate income tax
revenue is roughly $28.5 million.
Employment Insurance Premiums

In 2016, employees in Canada paid employment insurance (EI) premiums equal to 1.88% of earnings up
to a maximum of $955 per year. (Maximum insurable earnings are $50,800). Employers paid EI premiums
equal to 1.4 times employee premiums.
The employee premium rate is applied to total payroll costs for employees earning less than $50,800 per
year. The maximum contribution was used for employees earning more than $50,800 per year. Estimated
employee payments were about $7.9 million in 2016.
The employer rate is applied to the employee payments. Estimated employer payments were about $11.1
million in 2016.
Canada Pension Plan Contributions

Tax Base and Rates
In 2016, employee contributions for the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) were 4.95% of pensionable
earnings. Pensionable earnings are actual earnings less $3,500, to a maximum of $54,900. The
maximum annual employee contribution is $2,544.30. The employer contribution is the same as the
employee contribution.
The employee contribution rate is applied to average payroll for employees who are earning less than
$54,900 a year. The maximum contribution was used for employment earning more than the maximum
pensionable earnings.
Estimated employer and employee contributions are about $21 million each, for a total of $42 million.
Workers Compensation Board Contributions

Employers in each province are required to make contributions to the Workers Compensation Board to
help offset the cost of on-the-job injuries. Employers are classified into industry groups. The contribution
36
rate for each group is based on the injury costs associated with all companies in that group. The group
contribution rate varies widely among industries and provinces. Some major companies are not included
in the general rateable method of contribution but simply pay the actual cost of their claims plus an
allowance for WCB administration costs. As it is not generally known which firms contribute in this
manner, nor the value of their claims, an estimate based on reported payroll has been made for all firms.
It is possible that some companies are self-insured and their payments could be viewed as a business
expense rather than a tax. However, we have chosen to include their contribution because they are
required to be part of this government-mandated program.
The contribution rates for each employment classification at YWG have been applied to the total payroll
for that group. YWG employees paid an estimated $6.4 million to Workers Compensation in 2016.
36
Subject to Experience Rating Adjustment for individual companies.
Health Insurance Premiums
Tax Base and Rates
There are no Medical Services Plan (MSP) premiums for single filers in Manitoba.
Aviation Fuel Tax

The federal and provincial governments levy taxes on jet fuel. The aviation fuel tax rates are shown in
Table G-3.
Table G-3: Fuel Tax Rates, 2016
Federal Manitoba
$/Litre
$0.04 $0.032
The amount of aviation fuel sold at YWG in 2015 was approximately 171 million litres. The total aviation
fuel tax revenues at YWG amount to approximately $12.3 million. Of this total, about $6.8 million went to
the federal government and the government of Manitoba collected $5.5 million.
The fuel sold is also subject to the 5% tax rate payable to the federal government plus the 8% tax rate
payable to the provincial government. The total tax revenues from fuel sales at YWG amount to $9.3
million.
Property Taxes
Governments levy property taxes to help them finance local services. Property taxes paid by WAA
amounted to $1.9 million in 2016. Tenants at the airport paid $4.5 million. In total, $6.4 million in property
taxes were paid to the municipal government by the airport authority and its tenants.
Federal Ground Lease Payable in 2016

WAA also made federal ground lease payments to the Federal Government in 2016, amounting to $7.4
million.
Appendix H:
Tax Revenues Attributable to Airport Users
YWG Passengers in 2016
In 2016, over 4 million passengers enplaned and/or deplaned at YWG. Table H-1 shows the passenger
movements used in this study including breakdown into sectors and percentage of connecting
passengers at YWG.
Table H-1: Passenger Movements at YWG, 2016*
Enplaned plus
Sector
Deplaned, 2016
Domestic 3,402,480
Transborder 420,262
International 192,458
Total 4,015,200
Daily Average 11,001
GST on Air Fares, Insurance Surcharges and the Airport

Improvement Fee (AIF)
Tax Base and Rate
The 5% Goods and Services Tax (GST) applies to all tickets purchased in Canada and includes all
domestic, transborder and international flights.
WAA charges all passengers originating their journey at YWG an Airport Improvement Fee (AIF) that is
collected for the sole purpose of funding capital improvements at the airport. GST is levied on the fee.
Conceptual Issues. Taxes levied on the air fare should be shared among airports in Canada associated
with the journey. The estimation method builds in a sharing assumption (50% YWG and 50% other
Canadian airports).
GST is levied on all air fares; however, due to the sharing assumption stated above, only 50% of the
estimated taxes per departing passenger are attributable to YWG. Total tax on airfares is estimated to be
nearly $7.9 million.
WAA collected nearly $39 million through the AIF in 2015. Tax revenue on this amount collected by the
Federal government is approximately $1.9 million.
GST on Air Traveller Security Charge

The Canadian Government enacted the Air Traveller Security Charge (ATSC) on April 1, 2002 to help
fund security improvements at airports across Canada, as a result of the terrorist attacks on September
11, 2001. There is a flat rate fee of $7.48 for each chargeable enplanement for domestic travel, $12.71 for
transborder travel, and $25.91 for international travel.
Tax Base and Rate
The GST applies to the domestic and transborder ATSC.
Estimation Method
The volume of origin/destination traffic at YWG was determined. It was assumed that 50% was origin
traffic at YWG. Each origin passenger pays the ATSC. A total of $280,000 in taxes was collected on the
ATSC in 2016.
Tax on Airfield Fees

The GST and PST rates are applied to airfield fees.
Based on the information provided by WAA, net revenue from airfield fees was over $18.9 million in 2015.
Total tax collected is estimated at over $2.4 million, including $950,000 GST and $1.5 million PST.
Tax on Passenger Processing Charges

The GST and PST rates are applied to passenger processing charges.
Based on the information provided by WAA, net revenue from passenger processing charges was over
$20.6 million in 2015. Total tax collected is estimated at $2.7 million, including $1 million GST and $1.7
million PST.
Tax on Concession Purchases
Tax Base and Rate
The GST and PST rates apply to most retail concession purchases by travellers at the airport.
Total taxes based on sales of $3.7 million (including airport restaurant/gift shop sales) is $0.5 million, of
which approximately $200,000 is attributed to GST and the remaining $300,000 to the PST portion.
Tax on Ground Transportation, Parking, and Car Rentals

The PST and GST rates apply to taxi, limousine and bus transportation, as well as to parking fees and car
rentals.
Based on the information provided by WAA and related businesses, parking and ground transportation
revenues was more than $14 million in 2015. Tax on these expenditures is estimated at over $1.8 million.
Tax on Accommodation Costs

Tax Base and Rates. The 5% Goods and Services Tax (GST) and 7% Provincial Sales Tax (PST)
applies to accommodation costs by non-local visitors to Winnipeg staying in hotels.
In addition, according to Tourism Winnipeg, a hotel tax of 5% is also levied on accommodation

expenditure in Manitoba.
The Winnipeg Barometer Report published by Tourism Winnipeg indicates that the average daily room
rate forecast for 2016 is $147.00.
In order to estimate the total accommodation costs of non-local visitors in Winnipeg, MB the average daily
room rate was applied to the estimated total crew layover nights and connecting passenger nights
determined from the hotel survey conducted. The total accommodations expenditure amounted to an
estimated $28.8 million, with revenue from total crew layover nights accounting for $10.9 million and
revenue from total connecting passenger nights accounting for over $17.9 million.
PST and GST based on the expenditure for airline crew accommodation of $10.9 million is approximately
$1.4 million, while the hotel tax is estimated to be $500,000. PST and GST based on accommodation
costs of $17.9 million by connecting passengers is approximately $2.3 million, while the hotel tax is
estimated to be $900,000.
Appendix I: Glossary of Terms
Air Traveller Security Charge (ATSC): A fee collected by the Federal Government from air travellers to
help fund security improvements at Canadian airports. The fee varies by region of travel and is charged to
the passenger per enplanement.
Airport Improvement Fee (AIF): A fee collected by the airport authority from passengers to help with
funding capital improvements at the airport. In some regions of Canada, this is also referred to as the
Passenger Facility Charge (PFC).
Contract Work: Any work which is done for a company by an individual who is not on the payroll or work
done for a company by another company. Generally speaking, firms will contract out work in areas in
which they do not have expertise or when there are cost advantages to doing so.
Direct Employment: Direct employment is employment that can be directly attributable to the operations
in an industry, firm, etc. It is literally a head count of those people who work in a sector of the economy. In
the case of the airport, all of those people who work on airport property and in an aviation related capacity
would be considered direct employment.
Economic Activity: (also Output, Production) The end product of transforming inputs into goods. The
end product does not necessarily have to be a tangible good (for example, knowledge), nor does it have
to create utility (for example, pollution). Or, more generally, the process of transforming the factors of
production into goods and services desired for consumption.
Economic Output: (also Economic Activity, Production) The end product of transforming inputs into
goods. The end product does not necessarily have to be a tangible good (for example, knowledge), nor
does it have to create utility (for example, pollution). Or, more generally, it is defined as the process of
transforming the factors of production into goods and services desired for consumption.
Employment Impact: Employment impact analysis determines the economic impact of employment in
terms of jobs created and salaries and wages paid out. In the case of the airport, the direct, indirect,
induced and total number of jobs or person years created at the airport is examined to produce a
snapshot of airport operations.
Full Time Equivalent (FTE): (also Person Year) One full time equivalent (FTE) year of employment is
equivalent to the number of hours that an individual would work on a full time basis for one year. In this
study we have calculated one full time equivalent year to be equivalent to 1,832 hours. Full time
37
equivalent years are useful because part time and seasonal workers do not account for one full time job.
Gross Domestic Product: (GDP, also value-added) A measure of the value added by labour and capital
services used to produce final goods and services, as a result of economic activity in the nation. This
measure is net of the value of intermediate goods and services used up to produce the final goods and
services.
Ground Transportation: Ground Transportation at the airport includes any vehicles which transport
passengers from the airport to the cities or from the cities to the airport. This would include taxicab
service, limousine service and hotel van service. Valet services as well as skycaps are included in this
category.
37
The Dictionary of Modern Economics, David W. Pearce, General Editor, The MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.,1984
Indirect Employment: Indirect employment is employment which results because of direct employment.
For the airport, it would include that portion of employment in supplier industries which are dependent on
sales to the air transport sector. In some cases, contract work would be considered indirect employment.
Induced Employment: Induced employment is employment created because of expenditures by direct

and indirect employees.
Multiplier Analysis: Analysis using economic multipliers in which indirect and induced economic impacts
is quantified. Essentially, a multiplier number is applied to the "directly traceable economic impact" to
produce indirect and total effects (see Multiplier.)
Multiplier: Economic multipliers are used to infer indirect and induced effects from a particular sector of
the economy. They come in a variety of forms and differ in definition and application. A multiplier is a
number which would be multiplied by direct effects in order to calculate indirect or induced effects. In the
case of the airport, as in many other cases, multipliers can lead to illusory results, and thus must be used
with great care.
Seasonality: Seasonality results when the supply and demand for a good is directly related to the season
in which is consumed. For example, ski resorts experience changes in net income as a result of
seasonality. Airports and airport services also experience seasonality as a result of vacation times for
families (typically during the summer) and/or temperatures abroad (typically at Christmas time). As a
result of seasonality in demand for flights, some air carriers increase frequency of flights to certain areas
during the busy season.
Tenant: A firm which pays a lease to a leasing company or to the airport authority directly.
Value-Added: (also GDP) A measure of the money value of final goods and services produced as a
result of economic activity in the nation. This measure is net of the value of intermediate goods and
services used up to produce the final goods and services.
Prepared by
InterVISTAS Consulting Inc.
Airport Square Suite 550

rd
1200 West 73 Avenue
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6P 6G5
Telephone: +1-604-717-1800
Facsimile: +1-604-717-1818
www.intervistas.com

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FINAL REPORT

Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson

2016 Economic Impact Study

The economic impact of Winnipeg Richardson International Airport

Employment Wages GDP Output

Note: Figures are rounded.

2012 2016 % Change

Passenger Carrier 1,410 1,550 140 10%

Figure ES-4: Estimated Annual Tax Revenues from YWG, 2016

Note: Taxation impacts are based on 2016 tax rates.

WAA is a community-based, non-share capital

1.1 Winnipeg James

Figure 1-1: Growth of Air Passenger Traffic at YWG, 2007-2016

Domestic Transborder International

Source: WAA website, Statistics Canada (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/51-203-x/2015000/t002-eng.pdf).

Passengers in 2016 Passengers in 2015

Source: Airport websites, traffic statistics.

Weekly Seat Weekly Seat %

NewLeaf Begins Operations

YWG Breaks Passenger Traffic Record

1.3 Industry and Economy of Manitoba

1.4 Economic Impact of YWG

Figure 1-5: Measurements of Economic Impact

The number of full-time equivalents (FTEs) or person

The wages, salaries, bonuses, benefits and other

A measure of the value added by labour and capital

The dollar value of industrial output produced.

DIRECT INDIRECT INDUCED

Induced Impact YWG airport & airport Supplying and Employees

2.2 Estimating Current Economic Impacts

Figure 2-1: Response Rate for YWG Employment Survey

Survey Response FTEs Covered by Survey Respondents

2.4 Inferring Employment

As an alternative to costly and inaccurate surveys,

the accuracy of the structure and parameters of the underlying model;

the level of unemployment in the economy;

the assumption of constant returns to scale in production;

the assumption that there are no displacement effects.

2.6 Jobs vs. Full-Time Equivalents

2.7 Estimating Tax Revenue Impacts

Full-time versus part-time and seasonal employment;

Employment by industry; and

Employment by job category.

3.2 Direct Employment and Wages

Figure 3-1: Direct Employment and Wages at YWG, 2016

Direct Employment 10,270 9,550 $460

3.3 Direct Full-time, Part-Time, Seasonal and

Figure 3-2: Job Characteristics at YWG, 2016

Permanent 96% Full Time 84%

3.4 Direct Employment by Occupation

3.4.1 Airline and Aircraft Servicing Jobs

Ramp/Cargo Agents 170

Customer Service Agents 360

Aircraft Servicing 360

Aircraft & Vehicle Mechanics 470

0 100 200 300 400 500

Figure 3-4: Breakdown of Surveyed YWG Support Trades Jobs

Security Agents & ATC 430