:

Holistic View:
Stream of Education

PICHET PINIT
6 .. 2560

: 2

- (RE-SEARCH) - (RE-LEARN)

: 3

Bruce Britton
Learning is a developmental process that integrates thinking and doing. It provides a link between the past and the future,
requiring us to look for meaning in our actions and giving purpose to our thoughts. Learning enriches what we do as individuals and
collectively, and is central to organizational effectiveness, to developing the quality of our work and to organizational adaptability,
innovation and sustainability. (Britton, 2005)
: 4

: :
:

5 7 10

13 17 20
: 5

1. :
(holistic approach) (Nadler & Chandon, 2004)



(problem solving)
?
?

(reductionist approach)
...?
(single loop learning - SLL) (Hargrove, 2008) ( 1)

()


1 (triple loop learning)
(Huntjens, et al., 2011)
: 6

1 SLL SLL

SSL
(symptom of problem)
/?
(DLL)


/
? (TLL)


? 2
? (Khanom, 2014)

2 DLL
1 2 TLL
(synergy)
Nadler Chandon (2004)
(foundation questions)
(how) 1) How can we treat every problem
initially as unique? (UNIQUE)
: 7

2) What purposeful information do we

need to create living solution?
(PURPOSEFUL INFORMATION) SLL
3) How can a systems view ensure the
solution we are creating will work? ( )
(SYSTEM)




SSL (surface question) :

?
Albert Einstein No problem can be solved from
the same level of consciousness that create it. ?
? (
2. : )

?
( 3)

(bargain)?
: 8

(deep question) :

? ( , 2002)

?
(constructive
alignment) 2 SLL
1
?
(holistic question) : 1 SLL
(Program () /
Learning Outcomes - PLO)
(Outcomes-

based Education - OBE)?

/ (
? )








: 9

()

? () Marzano (2006) (principles)
?

(generalization)
()
1



1)
2)

Nadler Chandon (2004)
15 ?

? (jump to the conclusion)


: 10

3. :


(educational Objective - O)
(Learning experience - L)
3 (Evaluation - E) OLE
(assessment)
(outcomes) SLL
DLL /
TLL

OLE






(outcomes)
(what students know
3 and be able to do with that knowledge)
(Ballentyne , 2012) (declarative
: 11

knowledge) on the normal curve)

(procedural knowledge) (Marzano, 2009) (self-referenced
grading)

(evaluation) (criteria-referenced and-based
grading)
(sorting)
(ranking/grading) (Wiggins, 1993)
Wiggins
(1993)

(norm-referenced
grading) (next level)
(current level)
(criteria-referenced
grading)

Marzano (2000; 2010)


(class ranking) (omnibus grade) (Marzano, 2010)
(grading
: 12

4

DLL TLL

?



C B

DLL

OLE

? 4
9
SLL (McCarthy, 2010)
: 13

4.
(
)

Vatterott (2015)

(
) 2

OLE 2
(Vatterott, 2015)
(Outcome-based Education - OBE) Traditional Grading Standard-based
O Paradigm Grading Paradigm

New approaches to learning Low-level rote

knowledge
Higher-order thinking skills

Knowing and Applying, Analyzing,
21 Understanding Synthesizing

L Learning defined by Learning defined by what

what students know student can do with what
they know

Evidence of learning is Evidence of learning is
repeating back using skills in new
situation

Rigor is coverage Rigor is complexity

: 14

grade)
(academic rigor)

(content
coverage)
(situation complexity)

Guskey (2011) 1:
(

)

(talent)





/?


(single /
: 15

(intervene)
/








/

2: 3:
/
/

C 3 5
: 16

5:







4:







: 17

!










?





5. OLE
4
DLL TLL
: 18

(

?

OLE )
?

OLE


?

(professionalism)
(integrity)
6
?
6 KMUTT Competence Palette
(TQF)
.

(c4ed, 2016)
: 19

(improved systems and strategies)

SSL Nadler
Chandon (2004)
(flash methods)



(living solutions)
60

4-5

4-5


2 DLL (focus purpose)
Involves
(thinking outside the box)
/
(adapting the mental models or existing
system)
(improved rules and procedures) / ?
: 20

(
) ?


?

?
OLE

21

?


? 6.



(
)
OLE

: 21

? Africa and Asia. Environmental Policy and Governance, 21(3),

145-163.
Khanom, F. (2014, January Thursday). Linking to Organizational
Learning. Retrieved Dec 29, 2016, from Admission
Knowledge:
http://admissionupdatenews.blogspot.com/2014/01/linking-
to-organizational-learning.html
Marzano, R. J. (2000). Transforming Classroom Grading. Alexandria, VA:
ASCD.

Marzano, R. J. (2006). Classroom Assessment and Grading that Work.

Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Marzano, R. J. (2009). Designing and Teaching Learning Goals and
Objectives. Bloomington: Marzano Research Laboratory.

Marzano, R. J. (2010). Formative Assessment and Standard-based

Grading. Bloomington, IN: Marzano Research Laboratory.
Ballentyne , G. M. (2012, Jan 16). MINDFULNESS & WISDOM 1: THE
SEMANTICS OF "WISDOM". Retrieved from EQUALITY &
DIVERSITY OFFICER:
http://equalitydiversityofficer.blogspot.com/2012/01/mindfu
lness-wisdom-1-semantics-of.html
Britton, B. (2005). Organisational Learning in NGOs: Creating the
Motive, Means and Opportunity. The International NGO
Training and Research Centre. Retrieved Dec 29, 2016, from
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/praxis-paper-3-
organisational-learning-in-ngos.pdf
McCarthy, J. (2010). Reflecting On Assessment A Tale Of Hope And
Ideals. Retrieved Dec 19, 2016, from SlideShare:
http://www.slideshare.net/JMcCarthyEdS/reflecting-on-
assessment-a-tale-of-hope-and-ideals-2010
Nadler, G., & Chandon, W. J. (2004). Smart Questions: Learn to ask the
right questions for powerful results. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-
Bass.
Vatterott, C. (2015). Rethink Grading: Meaningful Assessment for
Standard-Based Learning. Alexandria, VA: ACSD.

c4ed. (2016). OUR STUDENT KMUTT QF. Retrieved Jan 4, 2017, from Wiggins, G. (1993). Assessment: Authenticity, Context, and Validity. Phi
KMUTT C4ED: http://www.c4ed.kmutt.ac.th/kumtt-qf Delta Kappan, 75(3), 200-214.

Guskey, T. R. (2011). Five Obstacles to Grading Reform. Educational . (2002). . Management

Leadership, 69(3), 16-21.
Best Practices, 45-48.
Hargrove, R. (2008). Masterful coaching. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Huntjens, P., PahlWostl, C., Rihoux, B., Schlter, M., Flachner, Z., Neto,
S., . . . Kiti, I. N. (2011). Adaptive Water Management and
Policy Learning in a Changing Climate: a Formal Comparative
Analysis of Eight Water Management Regimes in Europe,