Annotatedbibliography

Matthew Pimblett
Annotated Bibliography
Kelland, K. (2012). Diesel exhaust fumes cause lung cancer, WHO says. Positive Environment
News. Retrieved from
http://planetark.org/wen/65642
The World Health Organization (WHO) is always on the lookout for anything that is or
may be dangerous to the health of our society. Fossil fuels in particular are monitored very
carefully due to massive amounts of output through todays technology. Who says that diesel
engines release fumes that cause lung cancer and that these fumes are among some of the most
deadly gases we inhale, like asbestos. Arguments have been made against theses studies, but the
proof is in the pudding and WHO has evidence that diesel engine fumes have a direct link to
cancer. The head scientists and researchers at WHO all came to the same, unanimous decision.
Most of the data from this research came from studies done in 2008 since that is the year
WHO has most of their data fully completed. Since 2008 however, there are far more fumes in
the atmosphere and far more diesel engines on the road worldwide than there were 9 years ago.
Kate Kelland, the author of the article, has published several other articles in regards to human
health and has been quite accurate with her writings. Matters are getting worse as the years pass
and WHO urged everyone they could reach, not just the U.S, publicly to decrease their intake of
fossil fumes as much as possible. The intention of this article is to make our society aware of
how dangerous fossil fuels are. There is a direct relation to cancer and the world needs to know
that. This is of the utmost importance because human lives are in danger.
Herron, D. (2015). Cardiovascular disease, cancer, asthma, from living near diesel exhaust
concentrations. The Long Tail Pipe. Retrieved from
https://longtailpipe.com/ebooks/the-fossil-fuel-story-natural-gas-gasoline-diesel-coal-gift
s-and-poisons/health-effects-of-fossil-fuel-consumption/cardiovascular-disease-cancer-as
thma-from-living-near-diesel-exhaust-concentrations/
Research was done by the California Air Resource Board (CARB) to show how diesel
fuel-concentrated areas have more of an effect on people than those areas less exposed to the
fumes emitted from diesel engines. Areas like Los Angeles have high exposure to diesel fuels
because of the large number of diesel vehicles on the roads. It is a very urbanized area which
means more vehicles emitting diesel fumes. It also means more people being exposed to these
fumes. A study was conducted in 1998 that proved a correlation between diesel fuels and cancer
or even premature death. Asthma is another disease that has become more common since diesel
fuels have been around. This affects kids more than anyone and they have to carry that with them
throughout the rest of their lives.
The research being done by CARB was fairly recent, taking place in 2015 and being
pointed more towards scholars to help them with further studies. The author of the article, David
Herron, is a writer and a software engineer who has written and worked for big companies like
PlugInCars and Yahoo. His writings are mostly in regards to environmental health and healthy
technological systems. There is no bias in this source. Davids intention when writing this source
is to educate those who are studying the same or similar fields to further their knowledge and
lead society to a better understanding of the dangerous effects that diesel fuels have on human
health. The data presented in his article are all facts, making this important to know and
understand.
Williams, S. (2013). The link between air pollution and cancer. Cancer Research UK. Retrieved
from
http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2013/10/18/the-link-between-air-pollution-and-c
ancer/
This source has great information on all things air pollution including evidence,
explanations, and even ways to beat it. The research used in this source comes from the IARC
which is an international branch of the WHO. the IARC deemed diesel fuels as toxic to both the
humans and the environment. Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is what makes up most of our air
pollution. These are fumes from the motorized vehicles we make (which there have lots of).
These fumes kill both the human body and the environment exposed to them over time. Air
pollution exposure can be mitigated by people taking action. For example, when going on a walk
or run or anywhere in general, taking a route that is less populated or busy will help keep your
risk of negative health effects at a low.
The information here was mostly obtained in 2013 when most of the fossil fuel to cancer
relation researches were being done. This information was made publicized for the general
public to see and educate themselves. Sarah Williams is a health information manager at Cancer
Research UK. This organization is very well known and credible. There is no bias in this
source as most of what is listed is facts and data. The intention of this post is to ensure that
people know that firstly, this air pollution is dangerous. Secondly, these people need to know that
it is partially avoidable. By using the tips given in this source people can limit their intake of
fossil fuels which will in turn reduce their chances of getting cancer. This information is
important because it educates those who do not know that this air pollution intake can be limited.
Fundukian, L.J. (2014). Lung cancer. The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, Vol. 3,
p1474-1480. Retrieved from
http://go.galegroup.com.lib.ottawa.edu/ps/retrieve.do?tabID=T003&resultListType=RES
ULT_LIST&searchResultsType=SingleTab&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&curren
tPosition=1&docId=GALE%7CCX3189900527&docType=Topic+overview&sort=REL
EVANCE&contentSegment=&prodId=GVRL&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3189900527&
searchId=R1&userGroupName=klnb_ottawauniv&inPS=true#content
This source is very general and to the point, leaving you with what you need to know in
regards to the effects of the polluted environment on the lungs. It briefly explains that people
living in more populated areas are more likely to experience some sort of health defect, usually
cancer. Lung cancer in particular. In these high populated areas there are high amounts of fossil
fuel emissions which are a primary cause of lung cancer. This, in combination with cigarette
smokers, makes metropolitan areas very dangerous to human health.
This source obtained its information in 2014 from credible sources like WHO and IARC.
Its intended audience is students who are uneducated in this field. The source provides general
information and is not specific enough for someone who knows this field. Laurie J. Fundukian is
the author of this article and the encyclopedia it is located in. She is a well-educated writer and
has many articles expanding over multiple areas of the medical field. She writes without bias and
gets to the point very quickly. The purpose of this article is to educate anyone needing to know
that air pollution is serious and has dangerous effects that you may not already know. This
information is important in that it may save you from exposing yourself to air pollution you may
not with to be exposed to.
Brimblecombe, P., & Atkins, W.A. (2013). Air pollution. The Gale Encyclopedia of Public
Health, Vol. 1, p32-36. Retrieved from
searchId=R2&userGroupName=klnb_ottawauniv&inPS=true#E
This article is very informative and detailed with information on multiple causes of air
pollution as well as multiple symptoms that air pollution can cause to humans and the
environment. It does cover cancer specifically as an effect of fossil fuels polluting the
atmosphere with facts and data from studies that took place in 2013. Beyond just cancer, this
source is extremely useful for anyone looking for more than just one negative effect that air
pollution has on society.
This source was made available in 2013 after their studies were completed from samples
taken from the general public. This source targets student or anyone in the field of air pollution
or environmental health specifically seeing as it is detailed and thorough. Peter Brimblecombe
and William Atkins are both popular writers in the field of environmental health and their work
has grown very popular in the last few years due to the accuracy of the information provided.
They both write without bias for full, factual information. The purpose of this source is to make
it known to those studying this field that air pollution has multiple effects on society and that it
can be stopped if people can work together to do the little things. This is important because it is
the little things in regards to air pollution that make the biggest difference. If every person went 1
day without driving their vehicle, that is about 6 billion people giving off less poisonous
emissions.
Crawford, M.J. (2011). Persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Encyclopedia, Vol. 2,
searchId=R2&userGroupName=klnb_ottawauniv&inPS=true
The Environmental Encyclopedia has an immense amount of information on air pollution
and how it causes cancer. Most of the information is regarding what is known as POPs
(persistent organic pollutants). These are man-made pollutants that end up having a very negative
effect on either humans or the environment or both. Obviously, fossil fuels are man-made and
they have extremely negative effects on human health and the health of the surrounding
environment. The information in this article is an elaboration on studies done in the 1990s with
nothing but facts.
This information was made public in 2011 which was a big year in cancer research
regarding fossil fuels. The intended audience is scholars because the information is very in depth
and complex. Mark J. Crawford is a writer in the field of environmental health and has written
two full articles in the Environmental Encyclopedia, both of which are successful and popular
writings. He writes without bias so the reader can obtain factual information to increase their
understanding of the topic. The purpose of this article is to elaborate on studies that have been
made clear to the public and to further people's understanding of the effects of POPs on the
environment. POPs are a primary source of air pollution, making the information in this article as
important and valuable as ever.
Frey, R.J. (2013). Environmental disasters. The Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health, Vol. 1,
This source provides scholars and the general public alike with valuable information on
the negative effects of air pollution on human health. Specifically, the article discusses the
illnesses that can be brought upon humans by radons (particles that cannot be seen or smelled
that harshly affect human health) like cancer, lung disease, asthma, etc. In an effort to educate
those who do not already know, this article emphasizes the importance of limiting you exposure
to the harmful effects of air pollution by sharing tips and tricks that will help keep ones
exposure at a low.
This source is fairly recent, being completed in 2013 with facts and evidence from cancer
research studies. Its intended audience is the general public since the information given is very
general and not too detailed. Rebecca J Frey has written over a dozen articles in multiple popular
encyclopedias and he work is noticed by some of the top researchers in their respective fields.
Her information is accurate and ranges from topics like environmental health to human
psychology. Although a few of her articles may have some opinions towards ideas on bettering
human health, this particular article does not have any form of bias as it is all factual
information. The purpose of this article to prepare the public for any potential disasters regarding
the environment as well as help eradicate the disasters already taking place, which could help
save lives.
Frey, R.J., & Newton, D.E. (2013). Environmental toxins. The Gale Encyclopedia of Public
Health, Vol. 1, p309-314. Retrieved from
searchId=R6&userGroupName=klnb_ottawauniv&inPS=true
This source is detailed in many different categories of environmental health. There are
many facts taken from studies of the general public in 2013. It provides the reader with
information on basically everything regarding unhealthy toxins in the environment. It even goes
as far to explain the effects of pollution on the ozone layer (which is a bit rarer in a topic like this
ironically). There are answers to most questions about the ways air pollution negatively affects
humans, animals, and the environment as a whole (including trees, forests, deserts, oceans, etc.).
This source was made available to the public in 2013 but the facts from the studies took
place just before that in the previous two years. The intended audience is the general public. The
ideas and helpful tips on how to mitigate pollution inhalation are good ideas for everyone in
general. Rebecca Frey is a very popular writer in the field of human health and development and
David Newton has written over a dozen articles on the topic of public health and harmful
environmental toxins. They are both very professional writers and write without bias. The
purpose of this article is to educate the public and make them aware that the harmful toxins in the
atmosphere are avoidable to an extent and they can be mitigated. Society can stop the spreading
of these toxins and fossil fumes by working together.
Wenz, P.S., Pierce, J. (2004). Environmental health. Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Vol. 2,
This source is a bit dated, but the information on it is about the things that will never
change and most like will only get worse. There is a large amount of information on the
environment here and even more specifically, the ethics behind the laws that do/do not help to
mitigate the release of fossil fuels into the atmosphere. This source is also great if anyone in
particular would like to find facts and of environmental health statistics on a global scale instead
of being limited to a country or certain countries.
This source is from 2004 which is quite old, but the statistics remain true and have only
grown worse since the studies were completed. The intended audience is more for scholars than
the general public because the information provided elaborates on certain laws and regulations
that coincide with environmental health. If one does not already know these laws or regulations,
the information may be a bit confusing. Peter Wenz and Jessica Pierce are both experienced,
unbiased writers in the field of environmental health.Peter Wenz in particular also writes about
environmental ethics. The purpose of this article is to get scholars thinking about the ethical side
of environmental health. What can be done to help eliminate fossil fuel emissions? How severe
are the effects of these emissions on the lives of the public?
Train, M., Odle, T.G., Newton, D.E., & Finley, K. (2013). Chemical poisoning. The Gale
Encyclopedia of Public Health, Vol. 1, p151-158. Retrieved from
searchId=R6&userGroupName=klnb_ottawauniv&inPS=true#D
This is a primary source for information regarding the prevention of being exposed to
harsh chemicals in a collection of environments including houses, workplaces, and the outdoors
in urban and rural areas. The information is valuable to those concerned with their health and the
health of their loved ones. There is a specific section in this article that provides the reader with
information on how to protect children from the harmful effects of air pollution. There is also a
few section that provide information on certain medicines or treatments that are available to
anyone interested in them.

This source was finished in 2013 but the information regarding issues and prevention are
completely up to date. The intended audience is the general public or anyone wanting to learn
how to prevent themselves from being harmed by air poisoning or any other form of chemical
poisoning. These four authors are all known in the field of environmental health and have written
multiple segments on things like public health and air pollution without any sort of bias. The
purpose of this article is to expose the public to the ways of preventing air pollution from
harming their health. This information is highly important because these tips and tricks can help
keep people safe and out of the toxic grasps of fossil fuel pollutants.
Perera, Frederika P. (2008). Children are likely to suffer most from out fossil fuel addiction.
Environmental Health Perspectives, p987-990. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/health/docview/222633287/DB8303FC06B34FB6PQ/1?accou
ntid=50623
This is a very detailed source on the effects of fossil fuels on the children of society. It
explains the harsh effects of these fuels on the human body, but more specifically the human
body before maturity. Studies were done on U.S. children between the ages of 6-17 and
symptoms of these harmful effects including weakened lung function, cancer, asthma, and
cardiovascular disease were being spotted. There is a large amount of information in this source
on the disorders and diseases that fossil fuels cause to humans with facts from multiple time
periods ranging from around 1990 to present day. There are even statistics for what is to come in
the near future if the consumption of fossil fuels remains the same or increases.
This source is current and more up to date than most other sources regarding the topic of
fossil fuels and their harmful effects. The intended audience is scholars more so than the general
public. There are many details in the article along side illnesses and defects that only scholars
would generally know about. Frederika Perera is a very popular author in the medical field and
has written dozens of articles on cancer and its causes and preventions. She writes without bias
and provides the reader with facts and clear evidence. The purpose of this article is to help
educate scholars on what fossil fuels are doing to the human body. In particular, children. If
these bits of information are shared with parents, fossil fuel inhalation by children can be
mitigated or even prevented. This is important because the longer one is exposed to fossil fuels,
the higher their risk of cancer or other diseases. Stopping or mitigating that exposure early is key.

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Matthew Pimblett

News. Retrieved from

concentrations. The Long Tail Pipe. Retrieved from

throughout the rest of their lives.

risk of negative health effects at a low.

p1474-1480. Retrieved from

smokers, makes metropolitan areas very dangerous to human health.

not with to be exposed to.

Health, Vol. 1, p32-36. Retrieved from

pollution has on society.

or environmental health specifically seeing as it is detailed and thorough. Peter Brimblecombe

Crawford, M.J. (2011). Persistent organic pollutants. Environmental Encyclopedia, Vol. 2,

p1263-1265. Retrieved from

The Environmental Encyclopedia has an immense amount of information on air pollution

nothing but facts.

important and valuable as ever.

p300-305. Retrieved from

Health, Vol. 1, p309-314. Retrieved from

of these toxins and fossil fumes by working together.

Wenz, P.S., Pierce, J. (2004). Environmental health. Encyclopedia of Bioethics, Vol. 2,

p776-784. Retrieved from

of being limited to a country or certain countries.

are the effects of these emissions on the lives of the public?

Encyclopedia of Public Health, Vol. 1, p151-158. Retrieved from

anyone interested in them.

Environmental Health Perspectives, p987-990. Retrieved from

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