Weekly reflection

The first paragraph is about the paragraph theory. Darwinism is a theory

of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin
(18091882) and others, stating that all species of organisms arise and
develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that
increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution is the widely held notion that all life is related
and has descended from a common ancestor: the birds and the bananas,
the fishes and the flowers -- all related. Darwin's general theory presumes
the development of life from non-life and stresses a purely naturalistic
(undirected) "descent with modification". That is, complex creatures
evolve from more simplistic ancestors naturally over time. In a nutshell, as
random genetic mutations occur within an organism's genetic code, the
beneficial mutations are preserved because they aid survival -- a process
known as "natural selection." These beneficial mutations are passed on to
the next generation. Over time, beneficial mutations accumulate and the
result is an entirely different organism (not just a variation of the original,
but an entirely different creature).

This second paragraph is about natural selection. Natural selection is the

differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in
phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable
traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term
"natural selection", and compared it with artificial selection.Variation
exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because
random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and
offspring can inherit such mutations. Throughout the lives of the
individuals, their genomes interact with their environments to cause
variations in traits. The environment of a genome includes the molecular
biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as
well as the abiotic environment. Individuals with certain variants of the
trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less
successful, variants; therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect
reproductive success are also important, including sexual selection (now
often included in natural selection) and fecundity selection.

This last paragraph is about adaptation. an adaptation, also called an

adaptive trait, is a trait with a current functional role in the life of an
organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection.
Adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to the
dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation. Adaptations
enhance the fitness and survival of individuals. Organisms face a
succession of environmental challenges as they grow and develop and are
equipped with an adaptive plasticity as the phenotype of traits develop in
response to the imposed conditions. The developmental norm of reaction
for any given trait is essential to the correction of adaptation as it affords
a kind of biological insurance or resilience to varying environments.