Green Infrastructure Retrofit Opportunities

Green Infrastructure
Retrofit Opportunities
May 13, 2010

Dallas, TX
Daniel P. Christian, PE, D.WRE
Tetra Tech
Dan.Christian@tetratech.com
1
Agenda
 Introduction – Why Retrofit?

 Retrofit Basics
• Objectives and criteria
• Desktop analysis
• Quantity estimation
• Field assessment and prioritization
 Ideas
 Case Examples
 Summary
1
Fix Past Mistakes & Solve Chronic
Maintenance Problems Flooding Problems
Demonstration & Reduce Pollutants of

Education Concern
3 3
Photos: CWP
Reduce Stormwater Trap Trash &

Runoff Volumes Floatables
Reduce Downstream Support Stream

Channel Erosion Restoration Projects
4 4
Photos: CWP
2
Retrofit verse New Development
Introduction
Retrofit New Development

 Higher costs  Designers seek least costly options
 Sized to meet restoration objectives  Sized to meet local design standards
 Typically installed on public land  Installed at new development projects
 Compacted soils  Soils are typically better
 Limited locations  More location flexibility
 Need neighborhood acceptance  More aesthetics flexibility
 Most are publicly maintained and the  More options on maintenance, often
public expects that they will be require private maintenance
 Not all candidate sites are feasible  Nearly all sites are made to work
 Often tied into existing stormwater  Usually creates the new stormwater
conveyance system conveyance system
 Public investment dollars  Private investment dollars
 Site visit is prerequisite for design  Design may occur without site visit
Agenda
 Retrofit Basics
 Ideas
 Case Examples
 Summary
3
Define Objective
Retrofit Basics
 Clearly identify the overall objective, for example

• Store 1-inch of surface runoff and release over 24-hours
• Infiltrate the first 1-inch of rainfall
• Match natural hydrology
• Reduce TSS by 80 percent
• Capture 90% of trash and debris
 Objectives may come from
• Watershed or storm water management plans
• Permit requirements
• Modeling
 Define general locations
7
Desktop Analysis
Retrofit Basics
Prepare Look For

 Basemaps for field  Private land – willingness
assessment by property owners
Use  Roads (ROW)
 GIS  Open green spaces
• Topography  Existing BMPs that may be
• Hydrology modified
• Aerial photographs  In-line storage
• Utilities opportunities
• Soils  Large parking lots
• Parcel boundaries
 Hotspots
• Land use
8
4
Estimate Quantity
Retrofit Basics
 Estimate area or volume needed for retrofits

 Example
• Store the first 0.5-inches of runoff from a 1-acre parking lot
• Storage volume needed is 1,815 cubic feet
• Assume bioretention with 8-inches surface storage plus 4-foot of
engineered soil (25% void space)
• BMP yields 1.7 cubic feet of storage per square foot of area
• Therefore need = 1090 square feet or 2.5% of the parking area
9 9
Field Assessment and Prioritization

Retrofit Basics
 Ownership  Nearby vegetation

 Access  Photographs
 Utility conflicts (up and down)  Public acceptance
 Soils
 Topography – water flows
downhill
 Inline verse offline
 Existing stormwater BMPs
 Education opportunities
 Maintenance
 Brainstorming
10
5
Field Assessment and Prioritizing
Retrofit Basics
11
Field Assessment and Prioritization

Retrofit Basics
12
6
Agenda
 Retrofit Basics
 Ideas
 Case Examples
 Summary
13
Green Roofs Individual Property

Ideas
14
14
7
Downspout Disconnect Individual Property
Ideas
15
15
Rain Barrel / Cistern Individual Property

Ideas
16
16
8
Rain Gardens Individual Property
Ideas
17
17
Photo: Ward Wilson Tt
Porous Pavement Impervious to Pervious

Ideas
18
18
Photo: Abby Hall USEPA
9
Porous Pavers Impervious to Pervious
Ideas
19
19
Photos: Abby Hall
Green Impervious to Pervious

Ideas
20
20
10
Parking Lots
Ideas
Photo: Abby Hall
Photo: LID Center
21
21
Photo: LID Center Photo: LID Center
Parking Lots
Ideas
22
22
Photo: Abby Hall USEPA Photo: Abby Hall USEPA
11
Increased Infiltration
Specific Ideas
 Soil amendments
 Soil replacements
 Tilling/ripping
 Vegetation
 Increased residence time
• Longer flow path
• Increased storage
• Increased resistance
23
23
Photo: Ward Wilson
Between the curb

and the sidewalk
24
24
Photo: City of Vancouver Photo: Bob Domm Tt Photo: Abby Hall USEPA
12
Into the Street
25
25
Swale Storage
Specific Ideas
Photo: Scott Struck Tt
26
26
13
Roadway Boulevard
27
Increased Local/Regional Storage

Photo: Abby Hall USEPA Specific Idea
28
14
Agenda
 Retrofit Basics
 Ideas
 Case Examples
 Summary
29
Tetra Tech Lansing Office (2006)

Project by K&L Acquisitions, LLC and Tetra Tech
BEFORE
30
15
Tetra Tech Lansing, MI Office (2006)
31
Tetra Tech Lansing Office (2006)

32
16
NE Siskiyou Street (2003)
Project by the City of Portland, designed by Kevin Perry
BEFORE
33

34
17
35

36
18
 Area Project by the City of Portland, designed by Kevin Perry
• 10,000 square foot total drainage area
• 600 square foot landscaping area (6% of drainage area)
 Hydrology Modification (25-year flow test)
• 81% peak flow reduction
• 82% peak volume reduction
• 16 minute additional peak flow delay
 Cost $17,000
 Maintenance
• Semi-annual visits
• Neighbors help at will 0.40
0.35 Inlet
Successes
Outlet
 0.30
0.25
• Incredible community acceptance of project
Flow (cfs)
0.20
• Successful as a “catalyst” project for other green streets

0.15
0.10
Challenges
0.05
 0.00
09:30 09:45 10:00 10:15 10:30
• Juncus patens grows too tall, needs annual trimming

Tim e
• Unequal distribution of runoff due to crown of street 37
SW 12th Avenue (2005)

BEFORE
38
19
39

40
20
41

 Area
• 7,500 square foot total drainage area
• 300 square foot landscaping area
(4% of drainage area)
 Cost $35,000 ($117/sf)
 Maintenance - semi-annual visits
 Successes
• Successful as a “catalyst” project for other urban green streets
• Nobody has tripped yet (good to have 3’ egress zone and 2’
landscape buffer zone at carriage walks)
 Challenges
• Juncus patens grows too tall, needs annual trimming
• High loading of sediment requires more frequent cleaning
42
21
Michigan Avenue
Lansing MI, by Tetra Tech and C2AE
Before
43
Michigan Avenue
44
22
Michigan
Avenue
Lansing MI
by Tetra Tech and C2AE
45
Michigan Avenue
 4 city blocks, both sides

 Typical garden, no overflow for 1-
inch event
 600 block north side, no overflow for
4.1-inches (25-year event)
 $122/square foot 46
23
Sandy Boulevard (2007)
Project designed by Nevue Ngan Associates and URS
47

After
Before
15th Street and Sandy Blvd
After 48
24
After
Before
21st Street and Sandy Blvd
After 49

After
Before
22nd Street and Sandy Blvd
After 50
25
After
Before
39th Street and Sandy Blvd
After 51

After
Before
Harold Kelley Plaza and Sandy Blvd
After 52
26
Mount Tabor Middle School (2006)
Project by the City of Portland, designed by Kevin Perry and Brandon Wilson
School Courtyard Entry
53

54
27
55

Portland OR, designed by Kevin Perry and Brandon Wilson
56
28
School Parking Lot

Before
57
Mount Tabor Middle

School (2006)
Project by the City of Portland,
designed by Kevin Perry and
Brandon Wilson
58
29
Agenda
 Retrofit Basics
 Ideas
 Case Examples
 Summary
59
Summary
 Retrofits work to reduce problems in developed watersheds
 When identifying retrofits begin by:
• Clearly identifying the objective and criteria
• Start in the office gathering and organizing available information
• Walk the site and look for opportunities
 Think
• Reduce imperviousness
• Increase infiltration and water uptake by plants
• Provide storage
• Consider maintenance
 Communicate your ideas
60
30
Questions
61
31

Green Infrastructure Retrofit Opportunities

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Green Infrastructure

May 13, 2010

 Introduction – Why Retrofit?

Demonstration & Reduce Pollutants of

Reduce Stormwater Trap Trash &

Reduce Downstream Support Stream

Retrofit New Development

 Clearly identify the overall objective, for example

Prepare Look For

 Estimate area or volume needed for retrofits

Field Assessment and Prioritization

 Ownership  Nearby vegetation

Field Assessment and Prioritization

Green Roofs Individual Property

Rain Barrel / Cistern Individual Property

Porous Pavement Impervious to Pervious

Green Impervious to Pervious

Photo: Abby Hall

Photo: LID Center

Photo: Abby Hall USEPA

Between the curb

Photo: Scott Struck Tt

Increased Local/Regional Storage

Tetra Tech Lansing Office (2006)

Tetra Tech Lansing Office (2006)

NE Siskiyou Street (2003)

NE Siskiyou Street (2003)

• Incredible community acceptance of project

• Successful as a “catalyst” project for other green streets

• Juncus patens grows too tall, needs annual trimming

• Unequal distribution of runoff due to crown of street 37

SW 12th Avenue (2005)

SW 12th Avenue (2005)

SW 12th Avenue (2005)

 4 city blocks, both sides

Sandy Boulevard (2007)

15th Street and Sandy Blvd

21st Street and Sandy Blvd

Sandy Boulevard (2007)

22nd Street and Sandy Blvd

39th Street and Sandy Blvd

Sandy Boulevard (2007)

Harold Kelley Plaza and Sandy Blvd

School Courtyard Entry

Mount Tabor Middle School (2006)

Mount Tabor Middle School (2006)

School Parking Lot

Mount Tabor Middle

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