In mass transfer there is a tendency for From a region of higher concentration
a component in a mixture to travel to a region of lower concentration
Mass transfer has three requirements 1. Transfer occurs only in a mixture 2. At least one substance moves from its source to sink 3. Rate of mass transfer of given substance proportional to concentration gradient defined by its source and sink Mechanisms of mass transfer 1. Molecular mass transfer 2. Convective mass transfer 3. Both mechanisms act simultaneously Concepts that explain the role of 1. Concentration components in multicomponent system 2. Velocities 3. Fluxes Mass concentration of component i' Eq 24.1a Total mass concentration of a mixture Density Eq 24.1b Mass fraction of component i' 24.2 The sum of mass fractions of all 1 components is equal to Molar concentration of component i' 24.4 Total molar concentration of component 24.6 i' Molar concentration of component i' in 24.5 an ideal gas Total molar concentration of an ideal 24.7 gas mixture Mole fraction of component i' in liquid 24.8a mixture Mole fraction of component i' in a gas 24.8b mixture For an ideal gas the mole fraction is Ca/c=pa/p equal to Velocities Numerous expressions used to define Concentrations components in a multicomponent system The various chemical components in a At different velocities diffusing mixture move Diffusion velocity Components can have a velocity relative to the mass average velocity or molar average velocity The diffusion velocity of component i' Slide 12 with respect to mass velocity The diffusion velocity of component i' Slide 12 with respect to molar velocity The molar or mass flux of a component Is a vector quantity denoting moles or mass of a component that passes through a unit area per unit time The fluxes can be defined with - Reference to a fixed point (stationary coordinate) - Reference with respect to a moving coordinate system Flux equation Stopped slide 14