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4
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5
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6
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7
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jT+eTTqT eT+eTT# | #jT +& |yj
T e#TqT. n> eT+eTTqT +eTT
# |#jT+& |yjTe#TqT. B{ jT+eTT+f eT+eTT >=|<, eT+eTT+f

<+
+eTT >=|< *jTT#Tq~. nsTT H{\eTT jT+X |]bsTT, eT+X n+f @$T{
*jT+&bsTTq~. |PseTT | &T m+|sT b+~q~ eT+X . eT+\eTT >=|< *dqysT
eT+eTT\qT >T]+ Vq> e{&y sT <T. eT+\eTTq y] #d >seeTT> |\]+#&y sT.
nsTT H&T eT+eTT\qT >T]+>, eT+ \eTTqT >T]+> *dqysT +& bjsT. eT+eTTqT
>T]+ *jTbe&eTT e\q eT+eTT\qT >T]+ Vq> e{&TysT jsjsT. nTe+{
|]d eT+\ +jT\T s\Tj? n eT+eTTqT >T]+ n>seeTT> e{&&eTT
sT>T#Tq~. |PseTT eT+\ +jT<T \jT\T L& s{$. H{\eTT
eT+ *jT+& bsTTq<e\q mes$T e{&H #\TuT nee+~. |{ \eTT
L& m& # e eT+eTT\T \TdTq, e eT+ $<\T e#Tq, e eT+X q<
#|=qTysT \sT. ydy y] eT+eTT\T n+f @$T{ *jT<T. nsTTH jT eTqTw\
>s$+|&T, eT+eTT\THjTqT k &T\T d+b~+#T=qT, sT\qT ujT|T
d
$<eTT> #|#T+<TsT. nTe+{ y] ydeTT\qT #q $CqT\T =+<sT eT+eTT\+fH ydeT,
ndeT nqTe&eTT sT>T#Tq~. eT+eTT\ k =+<sT yd+q+eeTTq eT+eTT\T
ndeTT <T. jT+eTT\ n\yT|&q eTw eT+eTT\qT >T]+ \TdT+& be&eTT
<Ts<weT #|e#TqT. & deTTqT eTw ||TeqT. q *dq~ deTT,
*jT~ ndeTT nq&eTT eT+~ <T. $wjT eTT *dq s d yTq |&T n< $wjT eTT
*jTq|&T L& deTT>H +&TqT. |PseTT eT+eTT n+<] *dq deTT. |dT \eTT
=+<] *jT+& bsTTq+eeTTq deTT ndeTT> esTH? n m|{ es<T.
eT+eTTqq deTT m|{ deTT> +&TqT. |PseTT eT+eTTqq dyT$T{, Xd<
@$T{ e \TdT eq eT+eTTqT >T]+ #|>\T>T#THqT.
jT+eTT d\yTq~, < | eT]jTT |*eTT d\yTq~ > +&TqT. eT+$wjTeTTq
ed eT+eTT X s|yTq+<Tq, n~ jT{ *jTT#T+&H < |qeT, n> < |*eT
d eTT> +{ |+# $<e TT> +&TqT. eT+eTT nq> eTVeT\~ X \ ~ n #| e#TqT.

8
= XeTTqT = eT+eTT> #|e#TqT. n> = XeTT\ \sTTqT L& eT+eTT>
#|e#TqT. $$< &\T >\ XeTT jTT dyTqeTT\qT $$< eT+eTT\T> #|e#TqT.
deTT |seTT |eqT eT+eTT> +#e#TqT. n+<Te\q |PseTT nqTue>Tq

eTT
|<\ T u $TMT< Ww<e TT L<T , eT+eTT e<T n nH&y sT. B|seTT eT+eTT\T
@ uwqTH XeTTqT{ eT+eTTq X +&Tq *jTeqT. eT+eTTqT >T]+ $eseTT>
*jTT, <VsD> jT+eTTqT b* $e]kqT u> nseTT #dT+&. = |]seTT\qT
#d jT+eTT jsqT, = XeTT\qT #d eT+ eT>TqT. #dq ysTysT
|]seTT\qT{ ysTysT jT+eTT\T jsqT, Ls&q ysTysT XeTT\qT { ysTysT
eT+eTT\T js>TqT. <VsD #jT&q |]seTT\qT { dT jsq<qT=qTeTT.

<+
dT jsq+eeTTq n~ s&T MT< |]><T. n~ s&TMT< |jDeTTq |j> |&\+f
< +<qyTq & y*, s < q&| &esYy*. =+<sT |jD\T }]qT+&
eT]jTT }sT |jD+#\+f { dT, s+&T +<qeTT (qH), eT&T q&T|y&T nedseT>TqT.
dT jsqT #jT&q XeTT\ eT+eTT jsq<qT=qTeTT. dT q&T#T +<qeTT
mT nedsy nf eT+eTTq #q d~ nedseTT. #q nq> |+#&eT, d~ nq>
|#jTT n $<eTT\ d<eTT> q< nseTT. dT, < +<qeTT +&q|{ dTqT q&T|
e nedseTT nqT, eT+eTT, eT+d~ q|{ eT+eTTqT |j+#T e nedseTT.
dTqT q&|y&T &esY nqT, eT+eTTqT |j+#Ty&T e+&T n>TqT. jsT #jT&q
dT +<qeTTqT mesH bjT e#TqT. +<qeTT bdq ejT +& q&| $<qeTT *dq
me&H &esY> dTqT q&|e#TqT. nsTT eT+eTT jTT $wjTeTT eT+eTTqT mesT
d~+|CdT=e+f ys eT+eTTqT |j+#*. +<qeTTqT bdqy& dTqT q&b* nqT
d
eT+$<qeTT \<T. dT, +<qeTT, &esY eT&T d]> q|&T |*eTT> |jDeTTk>TqT.
n< $<eTT> jsT #jT&q eT+eTT <=s jsT #jT&q< *d, < d~ b+~,
|j+#T e+&T+f eT+eTT jTT |*eTTqT b+<e#TqT. e+&T+& eT+d~
H, eT+eTT+& e+&T H @MT |jqeTT+&<T.
|&T =+<] eT+d~ n+f @$T{? nqT |X s>\<T. < de<qeTT $<eTT>
\<T. yTT< eT+eTTqT jsT #jTTy&T sT>e\dq | <w +#T= eT+eTTqT jsT
#jT&eTT sT>TqT. jT+eTTqT yTT< |{q y&T jT+eTTqT dw+qy&>TqT. s
jT+eTT\qT mesT jsT #dH ysT yTT<{y&T jsT #dq qeTHqT nqTd]+# #k&T.
n+<Te\q jT+eTTq yTT< #dqy&T dws>, s n nqTd]+ #dq ys+<s
jT+eTTq ss\>T<TsT. n< $<eTT> eT+eTTqT | $TeTT XeTT\qT L]
jsT #dqy&T eT+eTT q dws>, n< eT+eTTqT m+<sT d~+| #dT=H ys+<sT
e+\>T<TsT. yTT< jT+eTTqT |{qy&T jT+eTTq d++~+q |P]

9
$wjTeTTq+{ de#seTT> (eqTe>) jsT #d #TqT. s m+<sT j+\T
eH eqTe |syT jT+eTTqT q&T|<TsT. n> yTT<{ eT+eTT jsq s m+<sT
e+\T eH yTT< jsT #dqy&T #|q jTeT +<q |syT eT+eTTqT d~

eTT
#dTe&eTT>, |j+#&eTT> sT>TqT. yTT< eT+eTTqT jsT #dqy&T eT+eTT
Ls&q Xe TT\ d+KqT{, s eT+eTT <=s j sT #jT &+< |jTT k+< q T
{, eT+eTTq nedseT>T X{, eT+eTTqT mesT @<{> |d d]bT+< >{,
eT+eTTqT |j+#T e+\T #]+#e\dq jTeT +<q\ #|<TsT. <VsD
eT+eTTqT d~# dT=qT neyd bsTTq s e#T T<yseTT, |# edeTT <]+,
s e TTKeTT> Ls=, |PC<eeTTq =]jT, |dT | +eT\ \XeTT @ssT#T=, \XeTTq

<+
eT\b\T +& y<T> \qT +, eT+eTTqT @<{> |~y\esT |d eT+eTT d~
n>TqT. s eT+eTT @ |=s j sT #jT &q< |jTT nedse TT eq|&T eT+eTTqT
|<=+&TesT |+ | HsysTq +&TqT. <|seTT #dq|&T eT+eTT d~+|&TqT.
me& eT+eTTqq jTeTeTT\ |seTT #jTTH y eT+eTT eXyTbeqT. <H d~
n+<TsT. d~ b+~q s eT+eTT =s = +<q\qT #]+# e\de+&TqT. neyd
sEq n<eTT ##TL&<T. nqeTT q|&T sT> +< n mesH n& n& sT nqT
|<eTT $q&T e\q nqeTTqT e~*yjTeqT. nT e<\+& +f eT+\eTT nqT+&
e<*beqT. n> neyd sEq n<eTT q seTTqT ##T=H eT+ X beqT.
Te+{ jTeT +<q\T = eT+eTTq = seTT> +&TqT. esT d~b+~q s
jTeT +<q \qT deTeTT> #]d, m+\yTH e+ eT+ \eTT e+&TqT. m|&sTT
jTeTeTT\qT b{+#b eT+ \eTT beqT. bsTTq eT+\eTTqT ] b+<\+f yTT<{e
d
eT+eTTqT |< |seTT |+ d~ b+<e\djTT+&TqT.
esT |P Ls= | e+&, eT+|eTTqT | +&, m+ d+K |+#e\de+&TH
n+ d+KqT |+, eT+eTT d~+#TqT, d~+q eT+eTT jTT \eTT d~b+~q y XseTT
*beqT. n *bsTTq eT+\eTT eT+eTTqT =esT |]+ n|&T eT+\eTT
e+ d+\eTT |seTT |j>|&TqT. =+<sT e+\T eT+eTTqT d~b+~ s
=~ H\\ d~ e&eTT L& sT>T#T+&TqT. nTe+{ysT s+&eesT |jT+ d~
b+<&e TT L& sT>T#T+&TqT. |PseTT eT+eTT\ $<qeTTqT *dqysT eTqTw\=s eT+eTT\qT
j sT#d #sT. eT+eTT\qT dw+ #T keT>\ ysT eT+eTT\qT d~ b+<sT . y{ y&Teq
nqTsT. eT+eTT\qT jsT #jTT keT >\y&T eT+\eTTqT sT, \eTTqT H]
+&T n>T |jT+#TqT. CqeTT *dqysT =+<sT eeTT eT+eTTqT jsT#d,
y{ +&e\dq jTeT+<q \qT @ssT#T<TsT. \eTT (<e \eTT) y&T me&T> eT+eTTqT
jsT #jT&T.

10
 eT+eT+f @$T{, n~ m +&eH, <+ X +&TH <e \eTTqy u> *jTTqT.
<e \eTT (\eTT) qy&T eT+\eTTqT j sT #jT >\&T. nT+& eT+>&T eT+eTTqT
jsT#jT&T. jsT #jT&q eT+eTTqT+& ueTT b+<Ty&T eT+>&T. eT+eTTqT

eTT
Xd+#Tq~ CqeTT. n+<Te\q CqeTTqy&T eyT eT+eTTqT X+ jsT#jT>\&T.
CqT\ # j sT #jT &q eT+X CqeTTq &jT T+&Tq jT{ *jTT CqT\T
eT+eTT\qT jsT #jT&eTT ]q~. eT+X X # jsq~. eq @ eT+X\T
L& <e CqeTT qy] @$T #jT e. CqeTT qy] #d eT+X \ T uj T |&T qT. n+<Te\q
@ eT+ |j>eTT eT |ueeTTqT CqT\ MT< #|e.
eT+X jT+X m+ & \<T. jT+X JeeTT ~, eT+X JeeTT\~. eT+X

<+
JeeTTq<qTe =+<] XseTT> +&H n~ |P] deTT. s jsT #jT&q |eT
L& JeeTT #sT #Tq~. nf eT+eTT d~+ q|&T L& < JeeTT edTq ~. ssTT j sT&q
|eT |w+#&q deTjTeTT <jT+<T JeeTT #]qT, jsT &q eT+eTT d~&q|&T
< JeeTT edTq~. n|&T eT+eTT Xe+eT>T#Tq~. eT+eTT m+ \eTTq Je&T
#seH, eT+eTTqTq XeTTqT{ eT]jTT eT+eTTqT #q #jTT d+KqT{ e+&TqT.
eT+eTTqT d~ #jT&q ~qeTTq n~ JeeTT b+<Tq #|=HeTT <! n< eT+eTTqT
m+<sT d~ #dT=H, eT+eTT ysTysT JeeTT\b+~q< ysTysT X\T> y]jT+<T+&beqT.
eT+eTTqT e+&T d~ #dT=q|&T n eT+X < jTeTeTT\ |seTT m
|j>|&T#Tq<, n> eT+eTTqT m+<sT d~ b+~H n+<] $<eTT> |j> |&TqT.
<VsD beTT $weTTqT V]+#T eT+eTTqT &T d~ b+~ < <s beTTT >T]jTq
y] q eT+eTT b&T#T+&qT. yTT< beTT $weTTqT V]+#T eT+eTTqT b+~q e n<
d
eT+eTTqT |~eT+~ < jTeT +<q dV #b&qT=qTeTT. n|&T |~eT+~ eT+eTT
jTT jTeTeTT\ |seTT < d~+|CdT= ysT L& beTT T y<eTTqT #jTe#TqT.
eT+eTTqT m+<sH k~+#Te#TqT. m+<sT d~ b+~ n dJeeT+X\T> XeTT>\
eT+eTT jsT >\<T, n+<] |j>|&>\<T.
K>eTT {qT JesdT\T >VeTT\ s|eTT\, |>VeTT\ s|eTT, ueTT\T,
|u eTT\ s|eTT qe #| =HeTT. y{ ={ d\ seTT\T+&>, = dseTTH
q$. dseTTqTq |< >V eTT\T >, |>V eTT\T> u $TMT< j sT #jT &q eT+\eTT
q deqyTq \eTT>\$ +&TqT. eT+eTT jsT #jT& n~ eTw # d~b+~q|&T
eT+eTTq d]|&T keT>\ JeeTTq >VeTT>, |>VeTT> eT+ #q ]q d\eTTq
]+|&TqT. n|&T n& eq >VeTT eT+X> e+jT+<T #]beqT. $<eTT>
eT+eTTq q >VX & n~ eT+X> eT+>jT+<T *beqT. $<eTT> nH

11
se TT\ eT+eTT\ eT+d~ deTjTeTT JeeTTq >V X \ T & jeT+X \ T> |\Te&T#Tq$.
n eq dyTq eT+X\T eTw \eTT +f mH sT |<yq|{, eT+d~ b+~q e
BqeTTH +&, deTjTyTTq|&T e+&T \#T=q|&T n d+\eTTqT nqTd]+ |

eTT
#jTTqT.
| eT+eTTq d~=s = jTeTeTT\T+&>, eT+eTT d~+q s =
jTeTeTT\T+&TqT. d~=s jTeTeTT |seTT #]+ eT+ d~b+~q s eXeTT &q
>V eTT e+ BqeTT +& |#jT T = jTeTeTT\T+&TqT. n+<Te\q | eT+eTTq
d~+f eTT+<T, d~ s s+&T seTT\ jTeTeTT\T+& dVyT. yTT<{ jTeTeTT\ |seTT
#]+#b eT+eTT d~<T, < Xs<T. y yTT< jTeTeTT\qT KeTT> #]+

<+
eT+d~ b+~H, s+&e jTeTeTT\ |seTT+&b eXyTq eT+X e+ BqeTT qT+&
e<*beqT. n+<Te\q e+&T m+ X Xu>\y&, eT+eTTjTT jTeTeTT \qT
#]+q|&, @ eT+yTH eTw BqeTT +&TqT. = eT+eTT\ eXeT>T >VX\T
]qyTe+&TqT, = eeTT keTeTT> +&TqT. n+<Te\q eT+eTT\qT L& s+&T seTT\T>
$u+ < eT+eTT\, keTeT+eTT\ #|&eTT ]q~. ]qyTq eeVseTT+&T >VeTT\T
eT+d~ deTjTeTT\ eTw eXyTH nqT+& |+#T= be #T=e+&TqT. m|&
e+&T jTeTeTT\qT b{+#< n|&T k >VX\T nqT+& y[beqT. n
y[beq|&T e+&T ] eT+d~ b+~ eTqT eX|sT#T+&TqT n XseTT
nejTe|yTss>, n |P] #+|yd> be<TsT. Te+{ >VX\# #eT+~
e+\T eT nejTeeTT\qT sTT +{, >T&ysT> esT>, bDeTT\qT e>
]q~.
d
= eT+eTT\qT yTT< d~b+<T #jTT |jTeTT H jTeTeTT\qT d]>
b{+#b sTTH, eTTb DjT eTT\qT eT+|s q eTT #dH , = >V X \ T >V +\y e+
@+> #+|ydq d+|Tq\T L& \e. < eT+eTT\qT d~ b+<T #jTT |jTeTT
=+<sT e+\T seTTqT #bsTTqysT L& \sT. =+<s e (n|ks d)
bsTT s jT | s+& s+&T eT&T sE\ #bsTTq ysT \sT. <+jTT
#q s eT+eTT, eT+X n+f @$T{ *jT Vq> e{&& e TT eT+~< nse T>T#Tq~.
=+<sT #<Te=qysT $Cq XdeTTqT =+ *dqys, eT+eTT < eTVeT nqTe ndeT,
eT+eTTqT mesH s|+#>\ s? n |+#T #T+<TsT. nsTT $CqeTTq n+< mH $wjT eTT\T
u$TMT< qe y] *jT<T.
|Ps\eTT *jTT>eTT+f eTT+<T <|sjTT> e] es eT+eTT\ eT+|T +&&~.
\eTT eTw HsT =qT $<\ eT+$< # eTTKyTq ~. n+<Te\q n|{ \eTT eT+eT+f

12
@$T{, eT+X n+f @$T{ *jT ysT H s T . \eTT jT+\eTT <T , n+ eT+\yT
+&&~ . H&T y>e TT> XeTT |j D+#T $eqeTT jT+eTT> +&>, jTT>eTT seDV
|j +q $eqeTT eT+\eTTH |{ $eqeTT+f y>e TT> q&#< me] *jT<T. \eTT

eTT
>&b> eT+\eTT bsTT jT+ \eTT n_e~e&eTT e\q, |{\eTT jT+eTT\T |
eT+eTT\T *jT+& bsTTq$. *jT+& be&yT +& eT+eTqTq< ndeT eTw
n+TH&T. >&bsTTq jTT>eTT\ \eTT eT+eTT\ e\q ]q |qT\ $esD *jT eTw
q *dq< $CqeTqTe&eTT bsbT <!
H&T jT+X nXX> (VsY|esY>) +#T #THeTT. H&T eT+X ndX>
+#&ysT. d\eTT> |+#T jT+eTT jTT X nXX> #|=qT eTqeTT, deTT>qTq

<+
eT+X ndX > eTq |<\ T m #bs *jTb e&yT +&, y]+f eTqeTT *yq yseTqT
e&eTT bsbT <! dueeTT\qT T~ jdT+<, d\ ueeTT\qT T~ dT+<,
#q\ j#q\ m+ &eq< eTqeTT bs+ue TTH #| =HeTT. H{ \eTT eTqTw\
T~ #q\ |]$TyTbsTTq~. n+<] nseTjT T #b\+f #q\T XseTT jTT jT{
#|qT \T> CjTTqe, j#q\+f Xs+sZ <w \T>CjTTqe #|e#TqT. n+<Te\q
XseTT jTT ^qT <+& |* j#q\ <w *Zq j>T\T, CqT\T eT+eTT\qT y{ X
H{ >V+#>\sT.
|{ <Ty\ eT&Te+<\ (5300) d+eseTT\ yqT y[ <|sjTT>eTTjTT e]
\eTT se\, b+&e\ ]q usjTT<eTTq+<T nd\eTT |j>|&qT *jTT#Tq~.
\eTT eT+\eTT *Zq mH ndeTT\T +&&$. n ndeTT\ $eseTT\T, |sT eTq
*jTH eTTKyTq = |sT eeTT \TdT. H *dq y{ { VdeTT, s+&T H>deTT,
d
eT&T bdT|deTT, H\T>T X u<HdeTT, <T esTDdeTT, sT n ndeTT yTT<\>Tq$ +&$.
y +& mH se TT\ nde TT\T +&$. nde TT\ eT+\eTT L&T=eqyq #| =HeTT.
H{ ndeTT \qT T~ \eTT>\ys k~+#&ysT. y{ >T]+ u~+#T >TsTe\T L&
+&&y sT. usj T T<e TT nd \eTT +& q uT \eTTH <T s<q T&T jTT<e TT #dq T+&>,
n< jTT<eTT sT&T, nsTqT&T, ;w&T ndeTT\ \eTTqT |j+ qT *jTT#Tq~.
ndeTT m+ \eTT*Z = y\eT+~ esT> d+V]+#~. H&T jTT<eTT\ dq\eTTqT
# ujT|&ysT <T. m<T XTe e< ndeTT\THjT *d y] jTT<eTT #jTT ujT|&&
ysT.
> <|sj
T T>eTT eT+\eTTq nde TT\ uj
T +s jTT<e TT ]q~. n+{ eT+X \ T
*Zq <XeTT us <XeTT | @ <XeTT< #|e#TqT. ||+# <XeTT\{ us<XeTT >=|
X*Zq <XeT \TdT. s <XeTT\ eT+\eTTqT >T]+ d+|PseTT> *dq CqT\T

13
be e\q y] ndeTT\qT >T]+ *jT+& bsTTq~. us <XeTT deq \eTTqT
b+<T s <Xe TTysT jT+ \eTTqT n_e~ #dT =HsT. n ysT #dq |jT sDeTT>
H&T ndeTT\ <T\T nH seTT\ u+T\T jsq$. <|s jTT>eTT s us<XeTT L&

eTT
eT+\eTT Z bsTT+~. H&T us<XeTT q nd\eTTqT sTT es jT+\yTq u+T\
\eTTqT |+#T=q~. |&T eT+X |{\sTTq us<XeTT H&T eT+\eT+f @$T{
*jT+& bsTTq~. > #] *jT H{ usrjTT\T eT+eTT\qT >T]+ Vq> e{&T
d e#sT.
|PseTT = s>eTT\ \ Ww<e TT\TH, = s>eTT\ Ww<e TT\T+&{$ e. eT+<T\T
s>eTT\ eT+eTT\qT |j+ qjTeTT #jTT |jT +&&~. s>eTT\ bT <j\T,

<+
<e\T |+#+& XseTT ydeTT @ss#T= s>eTT\e u~+#TL& nH&T +&&~.
nH& nTe+{ u<\ T H&T L& m+<]H s>eTTe u~+#T#Tq$. nTe+{ u<\ T s>eTT\Te,
u<\T Ww<eTT\ ysDe #eT+~ *jT<T. >V\, <e\ u<\TqysT u<\qT
s>eTT\T> u$T+ y<eTTq \\T KsT#dH, n$b y]q u<\T qjTeTTysT m+<s
HsT. nTe+{ y] Ww<eTT +& eT+\eTTqT |j+ #d y] u<\T
y]+#e#TqT. nsTT s>eTT\T | He *jT d eTqTw\q~. y *dH y{ ysD
@ eT+eTT|j>|&TH *jT+&bsTTq~. y |H eT+eTT e\q s>eTT beq
*dH eT+eTTH *dqysT mes +&sT. \eTT L& eT+eTT\qT qeT&yT$T,
Vq #jTTysT+&T e\q =+<sT >VeTT\, <e\ u<\H eTsD+#&eTT L& sT>T#Tq~.
\eTT eT+\eTT <e\q, >V eT]jTT <e\ u<\TqysT es ysD
eTsD+#e\dq<H n n&T> e#TqT. < yT> eqT #|e#TqT. eT+eTT\T e
d
ydeyT nsTTH >V\, <e\ u<\qT+& $eTT b+<T <]\<T. n~jT <eCqeTT.
<eCqeTTqT *jTT e\q >VeTT\T>, <e\T> e<*b |<T. eT+ \eTT+f Cq\eTT
>=|~. eT+\eTT L& CqT\qT+& |Tq<. |dT s>eTTq q eT+eTT q+<Tq,
eT+eTTq +f $T+q <eCqeTTqT \ m+#T= XseTT J]+|#dT=+f nTe+{y
>V\, <e\ u<\T +& beqT.
|&T =+<sT |X n&T>T neXeTT \<T. n<eTq>! |PseTT >V\u<\qT,
<e\u<\ qT +& #jT T eT+\eTTqT |j +#&y s MTsT #| #THsT <! nTe+|&T
>VeTT\T s>eTT\s|eTT e u~+#+& eT+eTT\qT |j+ y{ +& #jT>*
q|&T, nTe+{ eT+eTT\qT |j + >V u<\ T y] L& s>eTT\ s|eTT>qTq >V u<\ qT
*+#e#TqT <! eT+\eTT = u<\qT y]+#>*q|&T, n< eT+\eTTH =
u<\qT *Z+#T neXeTT \<T <! n n&T> e#TqT. < e yT \<T. |PseTT

14
e+q ysT = >V u<\ qT eT eT+\eTT +& #jT >\T>T keT\ ysT, n< $<qeTTqT
nqTd]+ eT eT+\eTT# >VeTT\qT |s|+ =+<] #sTqT #d y] u~+#TqT
#d&ysT. =+<sT e+\T eT+qeTT>\ys eT wyTq y] eT+eTT\ =\>T u<\qT

eTT
+& #jT>, =+<sT e+\T eeTT sT\ V#jTT #&T T~>\ys, eT+ \eTTqT
|j+ sT\ eT+ |j>eTT (uDeT, \+) #d, eT d]by], eT XTe\T>
qy] u~+#&ysT. B{ |PseTT eT+eTT\qT H]q e+ \ eT+, #&T s+&T
seTT\ ys +&&ys, eT+ dueeTTq ysT sT\ eT eT+\eTT eT+#jT>, #&T
dueeTTqysT sT\ #&TqT #d&ysT. |{ \eTT eT+\yT +& bsTTq~, eq
eT+eTT\ eT+ #dys s, #&T #dys sT.

<+
|dT\eTT eT+> sybjsT. m& mes |+#&eTT <T, n yTeTT #|q
s u$TMT< eT+eTT\T @eeTT y? n =+<sT |+#e#TqT. < e yT
$<eTT> \<T. | Ww<yT, | e eT+yT n #|q |<\e |seTT, ||+#eTTq+
es \ Ww<eTT\T +{sTT. n> e\ eT+eTT\T +{sTT. nsTT nqT=q |qT\qT
k~+#>\ T>T \eTT>\ eT+eTT\T e #| #THeTT. mH $<y T q e\T mH se TT\ eT+eTT\T>
H{ u$TMT< +&q|{, y{ d~+|CdT=qTysT sT. d~ b eT+eTTeH ssyT
n>TqT. u$TMT< \ Ww<eTT nsTTH y{ |j+#T $<qeTT *jTbe&eTT e\q
Ww<eTT\ esyT nsTTqT, e\ eT+eTT nsTTH y{ eT+\eTT> esT d~
+&be&eTT e\q eT+eTT\T esyTbe#Tq$. | s>eTTqT +& #jTT Ww<eTTq \T
u$TMT< deT~> +&q|{, y{ m |j+#Ty *jTqT, eT+eTTq e\T mH
+&q|{, y{ d~+|CdT=qT $<qeTT H{ eTw *jT+&bsTTq~. yTeTT u$TMT<
d
eT+eTT\T e nq&eTT <T. eT+eTT\ \eTT +& bsTTq< n+THeTT.
|PseTT eT+\eTT\T mH seTT\T> +&&$. y{ \eTT e\q mH seTT\ |qT\T
sT>T#T+&&$. |{ \eTT L& mH eT+eTT\qT eTqeTT #&>\T>T#THeTT. |{
n|{ eT+eTT eT+yT nsTTH, y{ |j>eTT |&T <T, n|&T +&&~. |Ps\eTT
eT+eTT\T mH seTT\T> |j>|&H, y{ |j>eT+ ||+#eTTq d++~+q< >,
|se d++~+q~ <T. |{\eTT =+<sT kMTJ\T, |s~|T\T, eTs~|T\T n+<s
e\ s|eTT qTq Xs|eTTqTq eT+eTT\H <seTT #dT= eTT <e esZeTT
HeT #|#T+<TsT. nsTT @ eT+eTT> <eeTT <>Z] #s<, @ eT+eTT e\q <e&T
*jT& u> e BZ u> e +T&T #| q eqT n+<s eTsbjsT. |PseTT>, H&T > eT+eTT\T
meH n$ njTT |j>|&, |j>eT+ | (|) j>yT> j>eTT @eeTT
<T. n+<Te\q eT+ CqTq |<\T eT+eTT\ ||+# d++< ueTTqT #Tqy>, |se
d++<yTq yeTTqT *Z+#Tq$ e n #bsT.

15
 $XeTTqT s +&T se TT\T> $u +#e#TqT. { d\ eT, s +&T d eTT nqT s +&T u>eTT\T>
$XeTTq< #| e#TqT. d\ u>eTT n+<] |+#T#Tq~. +{ |+#T ds >T d\ eTT>,
+{ |+# {~ eTqTw\T, |X |, $T <T\qT d eTT\ #| e#TqT. n> >V eTT\T,

eTT
|>VeTT\T yTT<\T= |ueTT\T, ueTT\T, eTVueTT\ es {~ d $XeTTq<
#|e#TqT. +{ |+# y{ e ksTT >VeTT\T yTT<\T=, =+ ksTT es \eTTq
>VeTT\ es eT+eTT\qT XsTT+ +<TsT. eT+eTT\ q |< nH seTT\ eT+eTT\T
>\e. eT+eTT\ keT |qeTTq q \eTTq >V eTT\T j eT+eTT\ n~| T \T>
e #sTqT. @ eT+eTTq @ >VeTT n~|eTT eV+#eH >VeTT jTT ssTT+#TqT.
$<eTT> nH ksTT eT+eTT\ q ksTT>\ >VeTT\T u< eV+#Tq *jTT#Tq~. T

<+
||+#eTT eT+eTT\{ >VeTT\T u< eV+H, q >VeTT\ d+K = y\
>VeTT\T eyT eT+eTT\ u< *Z, eT+eTT\ \eTT> q$. eT+eTT\ X> (\eTT>)
#]q >VeTT\T +& mH >VeTT\T K>eTT q$. K>eTTqTq >VeTT\
eT+>VeTT\+f q >VeTT\T, |< >VeTT\T mH q$. U>eTTqTq >VeTT\T, ueTT\T
n 99 XeTT <eCqeTT *Zqy q$. y{ { s+&T XeTT >V\T, ueTT\T eyT
CqeTTy +&TqT. eT+eTVeT>\ >V eTT\ CqeTT >V eTT\T, u eTT\T eyT uj T |&T qT.
<eCqeTTq >VeTT\T, ueTT\T eT+\eTTq >VeTT\+f qyq|{ |<eT+\eTTq
L& ujT|&e. <eCqeTTq q >VeTTq |<eT+X> qTq >VeTT L& ujT|&TqT.
<e\eTT @eeTT +& e\eTT eT+\eTTq >VeTT\ <eCqeTTq @ >VeTT>, @
ueTT> ujT|&< *jTeqT.
e+\T mesH eT nCqeTT, eTT e+\ eTqT >seTT <eCqeTTq y]
d
>s$+# bsTTH, Vq> e{&H, e ueeTT #H CqT\T j>T\jT+<T +&T
<eX eT+X syTbeqT. n+es eT+ \eTTq e+&T n|{qT+& @eeTT
eT+\eTT y& beqT. CqT\T, j>T\T e+\ #&T #j\ nqT+&H bsbT>
y e+&T C j jTT deTTKeTTq eq|&T e+ >VX j
CqT\ CqX e+ e<* b]beqT. n+{ e+&T m+ w| & d~# d T =q
eT+\eTT n +& beqT. $<eTT> m+<s e+\T eT X\qT j>T\e<,
CqT\e< b>=Te&eTT ]q~. B{ eT+X <eX+f # q<, <eX d~
eT+X \ T \TeC\e *dbe#Tq~. = eT+X \ T e+\ |seTT =+<] eTqTw\
#] eTqTw\qT u~+#T#T+&TqT. eT+X# u~+|&T eTqTw\T j>T\e< eq|&T
j>T\ <eX # ujT|& eTqTw\qT e<* b] be&eTT L& sT>T#T+&TqT. <eX
ujT|&T eT+X\T <eCqeTT *Zq >VeTT\, ueTT\ L& ujT|&TqT. n+<Te\q eT+
\eTT eT+X <eCqeTTq eTqTw\qT >, >VeTT\qT>, ueTT\qT> @MT #jT<
*jTT#Tq~.
16
 |PseTT m+ b\eTT> eTqTw\ y|+jTTq eT+X, H&T u$TMT< eT#Tq
|+#+& be, jT+X me> eTqTw\ y|+be sDyT$T n =+<s&T>
e#TqT. < yTqT $eseTT> #|+f \<T. eT+eTT\T e\ s|eTT H&T L&

eTT
\e. y<eTT\ mH eT+eTT\T #|&q$. n> =+<] <e\e< = eT+eTT\qT n&&
#|#TH HsT. eTT m+<s <y\jTeTTq, = s<q\q eT+#q #jTT #THsT.
=+<sT >sTTr eT+eTTqT eTT |]+#T#THsT. nsTT y{jT+<Tq X eqe mT
|j>|&<T. mH eT+eTT\qT eTqTw\T | ~qeTT |+#T#Tq n$ m+<T
|j>|&&eTT<T n jd *jTT#Tq~. |<\T kyTqT #|&ysT. n<eTq>
n H n\T&T H{ H\T <T n nH&ysT. d\ qT+&seTT\qT n>sT n\T
eTT+<sj
<+
T T+, n\T&T n{ H q$ @ sT qy #| b j&. n< $<e TT> eTqeTT+<s
eTT |]+ #T mH eT+eTT\T+&H y{\eTTqT ss TT+#T d~ +& be&eTT e\q eT+eTT\T
< |s+& bjsTT. = T\qT # |> bd, | \T<T. T\H
eT<eTT> |] yTT< >&\>TqT es \>TqT. n +& | ~qeTT T\qT
|ydH, = d+eseTT\ es = \\ T\qT ydH T\T |<| n>TqT.
eTw | @ $<e TT> |j >|& < T . T\ <e |dT \eTT m+<s ns\T >T&T\q,
m+<s s< \T >VeTTq, eTs+<s bd \T >sTTr eT+eTTqT |]+ #T #Tq|{, <seTTq
Ls|P\T >*bsTTqT y] s<q\T, bdq\T e< n>T#Tq$. n n>T sDeTT
eT+eTT \qT jsT #dqysT y{ e\dq jTeTeTTqT @ss, eT+eTT\ d~ deTTqT
#|<T. n+<Te\q eT+eTT\ @B VseTT +& $&|P bjsTT.
Ww<eTTq < X~ #dT=qT $<qeTT m+ eTTKy eT+eTTq < d~ #dT=qT
d
$<qeTT L& n+ eTTKeTT. Ww<eTT\ |HsT <T+|qT eb\ &+ n~ X~ nsTT <
Ww<>TDeTT e Ww<eT>TqT. n> Hb\eTT +qT e|& sdeTT &+ n~ X~ nsTT
Ww<eT>TqT. n> H\T>T nseTT\ &T|H=| ysD eT+eTTqT |~y\esT @<{> |+,
eT+eTT d~ nsTT < eT+X e#TqT. s +&s e TT\ \TH=| ysD eT+eTTqT m$T~y\esT
@<{> |+ n~ d~+ < eT+X #]beqT. $<eTT> = eT+eTTq =
jTeTeTTqT < jsT #dq eTeTTqT{ @sse+<TsT. eT+eTTqT dw+qy&T @ssq
jTeTeTTqT nqTd]+ eT#q ]|q|&T n~ d~ n>TqT. Ww<eTTq X~ m+ nedsy,
nf eT+eTTq L& d~ nedseTT. X~ eT+<T |#jTqT, d~ eT+eTT |#jT<T.
$<qeTT H&T |P]> *jT+& bsTTq <e\q |Ps\| eT+<T\T>, |Ps\| eT+eT\T>
H&T +& bjsTT.

17
 e+&T beTT $weTTqT y]+#T eT+eTTqT H] jTeTeTT |seTT d~
b+~jTTH&qT=qTeTT. eT+eTT d~ b+~qy&T d~b+~q s L& jTeTeTT b{+#
e\de+&TqT. eT+<TqT jsT#d y&q s eT+<T |eTTqT eTsTeL&<T.

eTT
eT+eTTqT d~ b+~qy&T s +&e\dq jTeTeTTqT eTsTeL&<T. beTT $weTTqT y]+#T
eT+d~ b+~qy&T s @ $w dseTTqT>, \TqT> #+|L&<qT jTeTeTTqT b{+#*.
n b{+# b m|&H q \TqT #+|H eT+ d~ s<sTTbsTT, eT+eTT |jqeTT
<beqT. $< jTeTeTTqT b{+# m+<s e+\T eT+\eTTqT jeT *jT,
eT eT+eTTqT |j+ n~ |#jTq|&T neeqeTT bbe e\q, < #q s y]
L& eT+eTT\ MT< d +&be e\q, |{ \eTTysT d\ #<Te\T #<Te e\q, d

<+
$<\T j+#T T~ keTeTT +& be e\q, $CqeT+ nd\T CqeTTH eTsbsTTq
ysT+&T e\q, |PseTT \eTT jTT #] eT+<T\T eT+eTT\T mTe+{ b\T bw+#j
*jT eTqTw\T+&T e\q, H&T eT+$<qT u~+#TysT>, eT+$<qT nu d+#TysT> +&
bjsT.
eTqTw\ $XdT\T, n$XdT\T nqT s +&T se TT\ eTqTw\THsT. $XdT\ Cq $XdT\T,
eT& $XdT\T n s+&T seTT\ ysT +&>, n$XdT\ L& $wjTeTTqT n $<eTT\
#q s n+<T qeT<q~ q|&T |<> qeTysT =+<sT+&>, $wjTeTTqT |P]>
#&eTT+<, n+<T qeT<q~ +< < >V+#eTT+<, eTseTT> qeT eT& n$XdT\T
=+<sTHsT. nTe+{ y] |<> qeT y] VTy<T\, eT& n$XdT\qT Hdy<T\
nqe#TqT. |< nqTd]+ y] |X yT\Tq|&T $wjTeTTqT qeT VTy<T\qT
|e#TqT. @ |< +& eTseTT> qeT Hd\qT yTeTT L& |eTT. @ $<eTT>
d
$XdT\ eT& qeTeTT>\ysTHs, n< $<eTT> n$XdT\ eT& n$XdT\T (Hd\T)
L& Hs #| #THeTT. Hd\T eTseTT> y~+#Tysq+<Te\q y] yT #|H
|sy<T. VTy<T\ |X\ |d]> yT #|e\de+T+~. n #|q|&T
$wjT eTTqT >T]+ yTT<{ y *jT< #| e#TqT. yTT<{ y < >T]+ |P]> *jTq|&T
$wjTeTT s+&ey *jT+& be neXeTT \<T. eT+eTT\ $wjTeTT\ d]> n<
]q< #|e#TqT. e+&T eT+eTTqT >T]+ |P]> *jTq|&T s+&ey&T |+q
|X yT #|beqT. nTe+|&T VTy<T\T eT+eTT\qT >T]+>, e+\qT
>T]+> qeTsT. qeTbe&yT +& e |X CyT < #| e\q $wjTeTT
yT< n+<] *d beqT. nTe+|&T $wjTeTT |P]> +& be neXeTT
\<T. eT+eTT\ $wjT eTT H&T VTy<T\ |X \ yT +& be&eTT e\q, < qeT<q
$wjT eTT < VTy<T\T #| e\q, H&T eT+$< n&T>+{bsTT me] *jT d #sT =q~.

18
 eT+$< dyTq|&T eT+>&T yT #| d m+<TH&T? nqT |X me]H s
|<T. Te+{ |X eT+$< Xd<yTq~ <? eT+$< dyTq|&T n+<T XdjT
+& be neXyT +&<T <! nTe+|&T sT\T n&q |X yT m+<T<T?

eTT
yT #| d m+<T eq~? n dHw\ |X s|<T. nTe+{ d m+<T
eq< eTqeTT #|=+<eTT. e+&T beTTT q eT+eTT beTT $weTTqT
y]+#T#TH&, beTTT >T]jT qysT mes ne< bsTTq s # b< #| e&eTT
$q e qT L& eT+$<qT Hs\qT=H&T. n|&T e beTT $wysD eT+eTTqT
H]q dse+e< bsTT qT eT+$<qT eT e< Hs\ e#q #b&T. e$q
dse+&T q $<qT HsTy\ eqy Hs\qT=H&T. beTT $w ysD eT+eTTqT

<+
HsTy\qT=qy&T, q eT+$<qT H]+#T e q eT+eTTqT |j+, beTTT
>Tsq eTw y<eTT #jT&eTT |eTT> ##&T. n | eTT> #q|&T $<] nsTTq
e mH |X\T e#sTT. |X\qT ={> >TsTe>qTq e+ n&>&eTT ]+~.
$<] :` >TsTe>s MTsT beTTT >Tsq eTw eTT+<s Ls=, eT+eTTqT =esT |+
H{ >* n MT< }<sT. n+| MTsT @MT #jT<T . eT+eTTqT |+ >* }~,
n|&T eT eT+eTT @ $<eTT> |#d m<T LsTq y XseTT $weTTqT V]+q~? MTsT
eT+eTTqT mesT |dTHsT?
e+&T :` beTT $wysD eT+eTTqT yTT< d~ b+~q |{qT+& HqT = e+<\eT+~
eT+eTTqT |j+ b& >*>qT. beTTT b+~qy&T eq|&T d~ b+~q eT+eTTqT
|<=+&TesT |+ n MT~ }<&eTT sT>T #Tq~. n eT+eTTqT |+ }<&eTT e\q
m<T{ e $weT+jTT | #jT+& bsTT e >\T>T#TH&T.
d
$<] :` eT+eTTqT d~ b+<&eTT n+f @$T{?
e+&T :` | eT+eTTq jTeTeTT+&TqT. n> beTTeT+eTTq L& jTeTeTT
\<T. jTeTeTT |seTT beTTeT+eTT $weTTqT V]+#T X b+<\+f < d~ nedseTT.
beTTeT+eTT\T mH \e. y{ HqT d~ b+~q eT+eTT @&T ;CseTT\ eT+eTT. n+<T
l+, H\T>T V+\T s+&T +\T \e. @&T ;CseTT\ eT+eTTqT @&T y\T yTT<{sE,
H\T>Ty\T s+&esE, ysTT eT&e sE |+#eqT. HqT n eT&T sE\T |+ d~
b+<qT. d~ b+~q s beTTT b+~q y s+#& eT+eTTqT |<=+&T esT
|+#T=+f eT+X eTT b+<TqT. s beTT $w u~T MT< >* }<> =~
$TweTTH e $weTT |#jT+& esyTbeqT.
$<] :` eT+eTT d~ e&eTT nsyTq~. s nedsyTTq|&T |<=+&TesT eT+eTTqT
|]+ n~ #TsT<qeTT b+<&eTT nsyTq~. ] |<=+&TesT |+q|&T yTq eT+eTT

19
m<T{ eTw $weTT MT< m | #dq< H nseTT<T. $wjTeTTqT >T]+ $eseTT>
#|+&.
e+&T :` eT+eTTqT #~$ }<eq H eT+eTTqT H]+qysT #bsT. n> HqT

eTT
#jTT#THqT, s @$T sT>TT+<, m sT>TT+< *jT<T. m<T{ eTw beTT
$weTT +& be#Tq~.
$<] :` eT+eTT X m<T{ eTw MT< m |#jTTq~ *jTq|&T, eT+eTT m|&H |
#jT+&b < m |#sTT+# *jT+& bT+~ <! n> eT+eTT X m
+T+<? n~ m | #dT+< \TdTy\ q~.

<+
e+&T :` eT+eTTqT d~ #dTe&eTT, s < y&&eTT \TdT, eT+X m
+T+<, n~ m |#dT+< H *jT<T. n~ | #jTq|&T < ] m | #sTT+#
L& *jT<T. H eT+eTTqT H]qysT $wjTeTT\{ |P] $eseTT> #|<T.
$<] :` eT+eTTqT >T]+ deT>eTT> *j\+f me] e< bsTT n&>*?
e+&T :` H eT+eTTqT H]q e L& $wjTeTT \jTT |P]> *jTe. jTq
e #|&y&T. eT+eTT\, y{ X\, y{ |qeT n deTT>H +&TqT. d
$wjTeTT\T j>T\ | me] *jTe nH&y&T.
$<eTT> ]q y] d+uwD eT+eTT\ $wjTeTT \T j>T\ *jTTq *d+~.
yTeTT L& <eXjTTq ys eT+X jsT #jT>\s #beTT. eT+X dw+#T y]
eT+eTT\ d n+ *jTTqT. |&T y] n+< yT\qT >T]+ eTqeTT \TdT=+<eTT.
d
ysT beTT $weTTqT y]+#T eT+eTT >T]+ |+#T=HsT. nTe+{< nsTTq \T $weTTqT
>T]+ |P] $eseTT> \TdT=+<eTT. B{ eT+eTT\ d n+ *dbeqT. H
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20
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21
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22